1. No category

Development of the German and international
Biogas markets.
Partnering opportunities for Brazil.
Clemens Findeisen
Consultant Development Cooperation
German Biogas Association
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
2
Steering Committee
over 400 honorary experts
7 members, elected for a 4-year-period
Board of Trustees
Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and
advisory boards
Advisory Boards, Working Groups
Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession,
funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in
of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law
Headquarters in Freising
23 employees, organised in 10
departments
Berlin Office
5 employees
Regional offices (North,
South, East, West and
Editorial Office Biogas
Journal
5 employees
23 Regional groups in Germany
Operators of biogas plants
Providers of feedstock
Research Institutions
4.800 Members
Companies and manufacturers
Interested private individuals
Public authorities
Lawyers
Corporate finance
Planners, advisers, laboratories
3
Member of the European Biogas Association
(EBA)
Structure of the German Biogas Association
German Biogas Association - Objectives
Objectives :
Lobbying on federal state, federal
and EU level in the following
fields:
• Promotion of the biogas sector
• Promotion of a sustainable energy
supply
• Definition of legal framework for
reliable and long-term investments
• Creation of adequate technical rules
and standards
• Promotion of R & D
• Exchange of information
• Members service
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Renewable Energy Act (EEG)
Energy management
Regulatory approval
Environmental law
Laws on agricultural issues
Tax law
…
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European Biogas Association
26 countries
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Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
6
Provision of electricity in Germany in 2012
Others
5%
Natural
gas
11%
618 TWh
Renewables
23%
Lignite
26%
Nuclear power
16%
Source: FvB based on AfEE 2013
Hard coal
19%
7
Structure of the German electricity production
from renewable energy sources (2012)
More than 50 % of the
RES are fluctuating
Overall: 136 TWh
Share renewable energies on
overall consumption: 23 %
Biowaste
3.6%
Wind
33.8%
Landfill gas
0.4%
Sewage gas
1.0%
Biomass
30.0%
Photovoltaic
20.6%
Biogas
15.1%
Solid biofuels
9.2%
Liquid biofuels
0.8%
Hydro
15.6%
Source: FvB based on BMU 2013
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Flexibility instead of base load:
The new role of bioenergy
20 % Renewable Energy Sources
Capacity [GW]
40 % Renewable Energy Sources
With increasing
increasing
•• With
share of RES
RES
baseload
loses
baseload loses
importance
importance
•• Flexible
systems fill
fill
Flexible systems
the valleys of wind
the valleys of the
and sun
wind and sun
CHP with bioenergy
CHP with bioenergy
& natural gas
& natural gas
New role of biogas
80 % Renewable Energy Sources
red
Demand (2010)
green Production
Wind & Solar
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Number of biogas plants & installed electric capacity
9.000
Number of biogas plants in Germany
Installed electric capacity in Megawatt [MW]
7.850
3.543
7.515
8.000
3.352
3.804
4.000
7.960
3.500
7.175
3.097
7.000
2.291
6.000
2.500
4.984
1.893
5.000
2.000
3.891
3.711 1.377
4.000
3.500 1.271
1.100
1.500
2.680
3.000
650
2.050
390
2.000
1.000
370 450
139 159 186 274
617
850
1.000
1.750
1.600
1.300
1.050
500
0
© Fachverband Biogas e.V. / German Biogas Association
0
Years
10
Installed electric capacity
Number of biogas plants
3.000
5.905
Biogas sector at a glance
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Feedstock in German biogas plants
Excrements
Liquid and solid
manure, dung…
Energycrops
Grass, maize, corn,
potatoes, fodder
beet, mustard,
silage…
Agricultural
by-products
Beet leaf, straw,
harvest residues.,
vegetable matter …
Biogas
plant
Vegetable waste
Brewer grains,
vegetable waste,
old fat, molasses,
distiller´s wash, Marc,
garden and park waste
...
Residential and
industrial waste
separate collected
residential, waste,
organic fraction of mixed
waste, fat separator
contents, flotation
tailings, food waste,
leftovers, expired food,
grease, blood, residues
from milk production,
sewage sludge, …
Feedstock in German biogas plants
% by weight
% by energy output
Energy plants
Biowaste
Liquid & solid
manure
Industrial &
agricultural
residues
Source: FvB based on DBFZ-Betreiberumfrage (2012/2013)
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Potential for biogas in Germany
4.000
Energy
NawaRoplants
Potenzialin
in MW installierbare
Leistung
Potential
installed electric
capacity
already
installed electric
capacity
bereits installierte
Leistung
in MW in MW
Installable
capacity
in MWelin MWel
Installierbare
Leistung
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
Animal
excrements
WD tierischer
Herkunft
"Nichtflächen"„Non-area“
renewable
NawaRos
primary
products
1.000
Pure
Reinby-products
pfl. Nebenfrom plants
produkteliste
500
Bioabfälle
Biowaste
0
Annahme: 4 Mio. ha Ackerf lächen stehen f ür den Anbau von Energiepf lanzen zur Verf ügung, davon 2 Mio. ha f ür Biogas
Berechnungen FvB 2012; Datengrundlage KTBL 2010; DBFZ 2011
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Organic
waste
Tierische Nebenfrom
animals
produkte
Biogas from biowaste in Germany
14,2 million t/a separately collected biowaste
(incl. 8,2 million t/a municipal biowaste)
Composting
material
Fermentation
recycling/
recovery
Incineration
energetic
Approx. 4,6 million t/a biowaste
984 approved biogas plants
(approx. 300 plants from which 100 municipal plants)
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, 2011
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Feedstock for the plants using waste
Quelle: RAL-Gütesicherung Gärprodukt (RAL-GZ 245); Stand 2013,
Datenbasis: 113 Biogasanlagen, Input: 3,2 Mio. t FM
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Sanitation and stabilisation of biowaste
Biowaste
Option 1
Option 2
Sanitation
stabilisation
Thermophilic Digestion (> 50°C)
Pasteurisation
(>70°C; 1h; 12 mm)
Mesophilic
Digestion
Option 3
Thermophilic Composting
Option 4
Other validated method
Sanitized and
stabilized digestate
Fields of Application for Biogas
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Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
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German Renewable Energy Act (EEG)
•
Priority connection, purchase and transmission for
electricity from renewable energy sources
•
A consistent fee for this electricity paid by the grid
operators for a 20- year period
The core elements of the EEG guarantee :
•
Mid and long term planning and investment security
•
•
•
•
Calculable cost for consumers
Specific fees for different technologies
Low bureaucratic effort
Participation for local and regional players
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German Renewable Energy Act
The EEG is an
efficient support mechanism for RES
(copied by moren than 70 countries)
But:
Germany‘s unique success in Biogas would not be
possible with today‘s law and the relatively low tariffs –
so it is worthwile to have a look at
the older versions of the EEG
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Development of the Renewable Energy Act EEG
(2000-2014)
• Consistent
fee for 20
years
• Priority
connection
• 250 new
plants a year
EEG 2000
EEG 2004
• Bonus for
energy crops
• Bonus for
using heat
• 450 new
plants a year
• Bonus for new
techniques
• Bonus for
emission
reduction
• Bonus for
manure
• 1000 new plants
a year
EEG 2009
EEG 2014
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EEG 2012
• New system
• New
requirements
on efficiency
and ecology
• 340 new
plants a year
NEW EEG 2014 (as of 1st August 2014)
For New Plants:
• No more bonus for energy crops and manure
• No more bonus for biogas upgrading
• No more heat utilization obligation
• Max. 100 MW gross additional plants each year
• Special feed-in-tariff for:
- small „manure pants: 23,73 ct/kWh
- waste fermentation plants: 15,26 ct/kWh
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NEW EEG 2014
For New Plants:
• Common tariff (§44)
≤ 150 kW
13,66 Cent/kWh
≤ 500 kW
11,78 Cent/kWh
≤ 5 MW
10,55 Cent/kWh
≤ 20 MW
5,85 Cent/kWh
No sufficient compensation for plants (except small
plants and waste fermentation plants)
Missed chance to promote alternative energy crops for
now
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Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
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Systematization of the digestion systems
Characterization :
Difference
1
Moisture level of substrate
2
Process temperature
3
Process stages
Single- or multistage process
4
Material flow
Continuous or discontinuous process
Wet- or Dryfermentation
Mesophilic or thermophilic digestion
Quelle: Prof. Weiland, FAL
Braunschweig, 2006
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Technologies in use in Germany
Wet digestion
Complete Mixed Reactor
Dry continuous digestion
Plug Flow Reactor
Dry batch digestion
Garage Systems
< 15 % dm
15 – 30 % dm
> 30 % dm
Thermophilic
Thermophilic
Thermophilic
Mesophilic
Mesophilic
Mesophilic
Complete mixed reactor
Storage of biogas
Cover of the reactor
Gas leakage
Air supply
Relief
pressure valve
Spill over
Isolation
Mixer
Concrete packaging
Withdrawal of biogas
Input
Heating installation
Heater
For biogas utilisation
Condensate trap
Source: Biogashandbuch Bayern
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Inside a digester
The inside of a
digester
©Fachverband Biogas e.V.
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Gas storage facilities
Gas hood with EPDM foil
Foil roof (tight)
Fotos:
Biolene, Cenotec
Transport air foil roof
External gas storage facilities
Fotos:
Cenotec, Sattler
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Plug flow reactor
biogas
Input
digestate
Origen: Axpo Kompogas AG, Kompostwerk Lemgo
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Plug flow reactor
•Origen: Axpo-Kompogas / Büchl Entsorgungswirtschaft GmbH; BioIN GmbH
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Plug flow reactor
•Origen: Berlin Ruhleben, BSR
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Garage System
Origen: Bekon
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Garage System
Foto: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG
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Garage System
Foto: Bekon Energy
Technologies
GmbH & Co. KG
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Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas
plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
37
Biogas Training Network
Since October 2013
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Biogas Training Network
• Standardization of Trainings
• Uniforming quality criteria for the planning,
organization, implementation and certification
• Mandatory curriculum including learning objective descriptions
• Coordinated examination questions
.
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Curricula of the 2 days operators qualifications
training in Germany
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Legal Framework of plant construction and operation
Risk assessment
Explosion protection
Documentation
Mandatory obligations for the plant operator
Damage and accident management
Safety relevant checks and maintenance
Best-practice-example (on-site check and evaluation)
Multiple-choice exam
40
Saftey –
Establishment of Regulations and Standards –
Training standards for operators, etc.
Sustainable Image of Biogas!
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Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
43
Biogas Plants in Europe 2012
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2013
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Biogas Plants in
Europe 2011
and 2012
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2013
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Types of support schemes in Europe
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2013
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Motiviation / Trends in developing and emerging countries
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – focus on the reduction of
methane rather than electricity production
• Decentralized energy solutions driven by industry – avoid energy black
outs
• Costs of importing fossil fuels
• Environmental regulations (waste water, municipal waste, agricultural
waste)
• Biogas upgrading
• Feed in Tariffs
• Establishment of neutral National Biogas Associations!
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas
Projects
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Instruments to promote international biogas projects
Cooperation between
Private Sector
objectives
Development
Cooperation
objectives
GIZ Services for Energy
Project portfolio:
140 activities in 40 countries
Volume of orders: 500 million €
Yearly turnover: 110 million €
ongoing
biogas components
Financings for Biogas Projects
Project structures and financing criteria
Large plants (5-10 MW) for processing industry of agricultural products (Eg meat, fishand milk
production , ethanol , palm oil, fruit and vegetable processing )
Several smaller systems (500 kW - 1 MW) of the same type (in terms of plant type, substrate, supply and
purchase structure) at different locations in a country
Substrate: organic residues and sewage (no energy crops) , tested fermentability, other use for food production
(eg as fertilizer or animal feed) is not carried out or remains
Energetic use of biogas (heat / cooling, steam, electricity )
by the substrate supplier or reliable private customers (medium businesses in the area )
Feed-in (PPA)
Substrate supplier is economically responsible (as a shareholder, owner, operator or through long-term supply
commitment (take or pay) and has a real interest in the biogas plant
Costs and reliability of logistics and qualified staff!
Generation of CO2 certificates.
Support for entering new markets: Development Partnerships
•
develoPPP.de is initiated by the German Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Development
•
Applications are open to German and EU companies (OECD-DAC list)
•
Execution organisations are GIZ, DEG und sequa.
•
EU based companies, annual turnover of at least EUR 1 million, ten
employees, three years of business operation
Development Partnerships
are usefull from the development policy and economic
perspective, positive impact on the development of the partner
country
can not be realised without public contribution
are not required by law
are jointly funded (max. 50% public contribution – EUR 200.000),
the private Partner has a commercial interest
the sustainibility is ensured after the public contribution ends
•
Energypedia is a renewable energy wiki in the context of
development cooperation
https://energypedia.info
www.biogas.org
55
biogas.org
german-biogas-industry.com
56
Conclusion
• Biogas is as an allrounder and a key in the Energy Mix
• Five main trends in Germany:
1. New EEG is challenging for the german Biogas industry
2. Feedstock: Manure/Waste - no Energy crops
3. Using of the natural gas grid as storage
4. Direct marketing / Flexibility (balancing the fluctuating power generation)
5. Export Business of the manufactures (60 % forecast 2014)
• Huge potential and interest for biogas worldwide (Know-How
necessary)
• Importance of National Biogas Associations, Safety standards
and Operators Training!
• Partnerships!
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Thank you for your attention!
BIOGAS Convention & Trade Fair
… we will see us in Bremen!
27. – 29. 01 2015
• Know-How Transfer!
• International Panel on
Development & Emerging Countries!
• Biogas Basics!
• Best practise on Waste digestion!
www.biogas.org
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Clemens Findeisen
Consultant
Development Cooperation
German Biogas Association
Telefon: 0049 (0) 1763 / 17 88 290
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.biogas.org
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