1. science
2. physics

ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Welcome by Peter Hansen2
Exploring the Universe4
Discovery People24
Scientific Associates26
Discovery Advisory Board26
Discovery Visitors26
Discovery Seminars, Workshops and Courses
27
Higgs spread28
Discovery Publications30
Discovery Financing43
External Grants43
2 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 1
WE FOUND THE HIGGS!
Just two and a half years into the Discovery Center a
remarkable breakthrough has already been made. On
the fourth of July 2012, Discovery Center scientists
participating in the ATLAS experiment were able to
announce the discovery of a new fundamental particle, the first such discovery for over seventeen years.
This particle has all of the characteristics of the longsought Higgs Boson, which had eluded discovery for
more than four decades. The Discovery Center was
a hive of activity on the day of the announcement as
TV crews, journalists and national radio presenters
hurried around seeking interviews and opinion while
constantly searching for the twenty second comment
that could provide the sound-bite for the day.
2 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
The observation of a Higgs boson would confirm
the existence of the Higgs mechanism, which gives a
mass to some or all of the (currently) known fundamental particles. While the discovery of a Higgs-like
particle was consequently one of the most celebrated
events in the history of physics, the work of the Discovery Center covers a much wider range of topics
than finding the Higgs Boson.
We have already made great progress towards the determination of the spin and parity of this new particle, both of which will be crucially important in the
final confirmation of the discovery of a Higgs Boson.
We are also working full time on an analysis aiming
to observe the decay of the new particle into a pair of
what are known as tau-leptons. The Discovery Center has a leadership role in the study of such tau-leptons within the ATLAS experiment at CERN’s Large
Hadron Collider (LHC), where one of our scientists
is the convener of the dedicated tau working group.
While the discovery of the Higgs Boson caught the
public’s imagination and brought attention to our
centre, the unseen work carried out behind the scenes
is just as important as the headline-grabbing analyses.
After three years, the centre has reached a size and
strength that far surpasses our original expectations
when we began in 2010. Discovery Center scientists are now working on the very latest data from
the Planck satellite, analysing heavy ion collision data
from CERN at ground-breaking energy densities,
and determining new limits and bounds on theories that extend beyond the Standard Model. One
feature that is common to all of these topics is the
participation of the theory group, which is now fullyintegrated into the centre and interacts with all of the
other research areas.
The theory group also has a research programme of its
own, and has in the past year made significant progress towards a formalism for what are known as twoloop perturbative calculations. These calculations
will provide greatly improved theoretical predictions
for many of the important underlying processes that
occur at the LHC. Such predictions are vital to the
proper understanding of the LHC data.
A particularly striking example of the synergy that
has emerged at the Discovery Center is a new formalism for analysing high particle-multiplicity heavy-ion
collisions using highly optimised statistical tools taken from analyses of cosmological data. Although the
first paper using such techniques was published during 2012, the expertise necessary to perform such an
analysis currently only exists at the Discovery Center.
The next step for this analysis will therefore be to
publish a set of software tools that will allow others
to more easily use our new techniques.
There have been many other very impressive original
developments at the centre, but rather than attempting to review them all here, I invite you to read about
them yourself in the rest of this report. In doing
so you will encounter topics at the cutting edge of
scientific endeavour, topics in which the excitement
and enthusiasm of the centre’s scientists is clear. You
should also gain a small taste of our daily lives at the
centre; we are very privileged to have the opportunity
to carry out the research that we love, and we are always very happy to share it with you.
January 2013
Peter H. Hansen
Director of the Discovery Center
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 3
EXPLORING THE UNIVERSE
At the Discovery Center we are addressing some of
the most fundamental questions about the Universe:
from the grandest to the smallest scales, from billions
of years to fractions of a second. We cover physics
from the inflationary era at the beginning of time,
the creation of particles, baryogenesis and the mysterious absence of anti-matter, the state of Quark
Gluon Plasma in the hot infancy of the Universe, to
the imprint of the birth of the Universe into the last
scattering surface—observed today as the Cosmic
Microwave Background. We study the first and the
last of these using cosmological investigations, while
the other subjects are explored through experimental
and theoretical sub-atomic physics.
In order to investigate the Cosmic Microwave Background, we must observe it. To this end the Discovery Center is involved in the on-going Planck mission. 2012 has been a year during which cosmologists
from all over the world have eagerly awaited the of-
ficial Planck data on the Cosmic Microwave Background which will be released in 2013. Much work
has been done in preparation for this release which
will be able to shed light on long-standing questions
and fundamental issues in cosmology.
Planck and parity
In 2012, we have focused on subjects, which will
be highly interesting to investigate with the coming
Planck data. These include parity asymmetry of the
Cosmic Microwave Background (that there might
be a preferred direction in the Universe), foreground
contamination from the galaxy or solar system which
obscure the signal we are interested in, a new method
for reconstruction of incomplete maps of the sky, and
of course participation in official Planck research.
Galactic Loops and correlation map - possible foregrounds
A full understanding of foreground contamination is
crucial for obtaining a clean picture of the primordial
signal—and thus all research connected to the Planck
data. The Discovery team is investigating multiple
possible foregrounds, some of which could also be
linked to the parity asymmetry.
The cross disciplinary project on the application of
cosmological methods and tools to heavy ion collisions data was finalized in 2012 with a publication in
Phys.Rev.C. and a master thesis on the subject.
Planck satellite
4 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
Planck meeting in Copenhagen
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 5
Planck Haze
The research at Discovery Center into the parity
properties of the Cosmic Microwave Background
is of such importance that it is now part of an official working group within the Planck experiment—
”Fundamental physics with Planck”—with Discovery scientist Pavel Naselsky as coordinator. In light
of this, an official meeting of Planck scientists, “Fundamental Physics with Planck”, was held at the Discovery Center in June.
6 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
Coffee and discussions in the lounge
In 2012 Planck found a peculiar signature in the galaxy named the “Planck Haze”. Although this Haze is
known to be synchrotron radiation from the region
around the galactic centre, it has very different characteristics to other known sources of synchrotron emission. Many possible explanations have been suggested,
but none have been confirmed yet. One of the most
interesting explanations is connected to dark matter.
Dark matter annihilations are predicted to produce
radiation of this nature within the galactic centre.
However, the answer to the question of whether we
have found a dark matter signature will have to wait
for the release of the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarisation data, which is
expected to spread more light on the subject.
During the year the Discovery collaborator Subir
Sarkar has joined the center, adding an interesting link between cosmology and high energy particle physics. His involvement in neutrino physics
(through the IceCube experiment) also opens up for
more research into “beyond standard model” physics.
The miracle of matter
The great questions of physics are simple. One
such question is “Where did matter come from?”
The world around us is made of protons, neutrons,
and electrons—but we have known for more than
80 years that anti-protons, anti-neutrons and antielectrons exist. This initiates the question why there
are so many particles, but very few anti-particles. Astronomers have searched the cosmos for galaxies or
galactic clusters made of antiparticles, with no success. We conclude that for some reason more par-
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 7
One of the first proton-lead collisions at the LHC, as observed by
ALICE.
ticles than anti-particles were produced in the early
Universe, but we do not know why. This problem is
known as baryogenesis, and although physicists have
conceived of several possible solutions, none have
been confirmed.
genesis to the Center. The program was intense, with
23 talks over 2-3 days. We are now in the process of
analysing LHC data in order to compare it to models
of baryogenesis.
ementary particles were closer together than they are
today inside nuclei. Understanding in full the properties of the QGP has many very interesting research
perspectives. To produce a QGP on Earth we collide
heavy nuclei at relativistic speeds.
Creating a quark-gluon plasma
The Discovery Center is an ideal place to work on the
conundrum of baryogenesis., and we aim to confront
theories with data from the LHC. Indeed, already
this year, we organised a conference on baryogenesis,
which brought 30 experts on the theory of baryo-
8 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
Another striking era is that of Quark-Gluon Plasma
(QGP). About 1 microsecond after the Big Bang, the
entire Universe was small enough to fit between the
Earth and the Sun today. With all the matter in the
Universe compressed into such a small space, the el-
In the last months of 2010 and 2011, the LHC collided lead-ions at energies more than ten times higher
than any previous accelerator. A wealth of new results
has already emerged from analysing these collisions.
A test with proton-lead collisions in the autumn of
2012 has also already yielded exciting new results.
With more proton-lead collision data coming in the
first months of 2013, the LHC is sure to uncover
new knowledge about the early universe.
The Copenhagen contribution to the ALICE experiment is the Forward Multiplicity Detector, which
provides a unique angular coverage that none of the
other LHC experiments can match. Using this detector we have measured some of the basic properties
of lead-lead collisions, such as the number of pro-
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 9
duced particles (the multiplicity) and azimuthal correlations among these particles, known as azimuthal
anisotropic flow. These measurements were presented
at the Quark Matter 2012 conference.
The multiplicity measurement tells us about the energy density in the collisions. A conservative estimate
is that it exceeds 16 GeV/fm3, which is much higher
than predictions from lattice QCD. The anisotropic
flow results can be described in terms of a model
based on hydrodynamics which allows us to put limits on the viscosity-entropy of the matter. Measurements thus far put the viscosity-entropy very close
to zero, making the QGP one of the most perfect
liquids ever studied. Furthermore, by looking at these
observables in the rest frame of one of the colliding
nuclei, we found an agreement with previous experiments at collision energies down to 1/100th that of
the LHC. This effect is known as limiting fragmentation, and can be explained by assuming that the
reaction partners are highly transparent and particle
productions occurs due to the colourfields between
the interacting partons.
A major subject of heavy-ion analysis is the study of
particle correlations. At the Discovery Center, new
techniques utilising multi-particle correlations have
provided us with more than 100 new observables.
We are juggling enormous datasets on a daily basis.
10 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 11
Jet quenching, first observed by ATLAS at the LHC. One jet is clearly visible, while the other is smeared out in the opposite direction, as a
result of the energy being absorbed by the hot matter created in the collision.
These new observables allow us to place much better limits on models of the early period of nuclear
collisions. As such this is an important step in understanding the details of the physics governing the time
immediately after the collision.
Discovering new phenomena
The heavy ion collisions at the LHC have also brought
us entirely new observations,.One such observation is
the jet quenching reported by ATLAS. A jet is a spray
12 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
of highly correlated particles, and due to momentum
conservation, a jet in one direction is usually accompanied by a jet in the opposite direction. However, at
the LHC, ATLAS observed collisions with just one
jet, with the remnants of a jet on the opposite side of
the detector. This is known as jet quenching, and the
physical interpretation is that the energy of one of the
jets is absorbed by the QGP as it traverses the matter
created in the collision.
At heavy-ion experiments it is important to also collide a relatively small particle, like a proton, with the
heavy nuclei. This allows us to disentangle effects
present in binary collisions from the collective effects
that we attribute to the QGP. From a small protonlead test in 2012 during which only 2 million collisions were recorded, ALICE and ATLAS have already
been able to find signs of azimuthal anisotropic flow
by performing an analysis of correlations. This has
not previously been observed in such a small system,
and work is currently ongoing to understand the na-
ture of this effect. Millions of proton-lead events will
be recorded at the beginning of 2013.
The results from studying heavy-ion collisions not
only tell us about the QGP state of the Universe, but
also give us fundamental new knowledge about the
strong force at very small distances, helping us better
understand an important part of the Standard Model. At the high energies available at the LHC we are
even able to observe heavy particles such as the Z and
W bosons, which are associated with the weak force.
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 13
From the Strong to the Weak Force
Despite knowing the underlying theory of the strong
and other forces, the experimental consequences are
nevertheless not easily extracted. The challenge lies
in taking into account the infinite series of quantum
corrections. The link between theory and experiment
is provided by scattering amplitudes, which describe
the relative probabilities of different possible experimental outcomes. These amplitudes are therefore of
crucial importance for the LHC. For example, at the
LHC the amplitude for producing low mass particles
such as pions, protons and neutrons is much larger
than the amplitude for making Higgs bosons; this is
one of the reasons why it is so hard to find the Higgs.
14 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
A major theme of interest in theoretical research on
scattering amplitudes is that these amplitude calculations are much simpler than had previously been
thought. This simplicity leads to an important consequence for physics at the LHC—the amplitudes
can be calculated with a higher precision than we had
hoped. Therefore we are able to make more precise
predictions for LHC physics processes, allowing us to
find more subtle signs of hidden new physics. On the
theme of simplicity in scattering amplitude, Discovery Center members showed this year how a simple
mathematical object, namely a group of symmetries,
is linked to the computation of a class of amplitudes.
SMat LHC meeting in Copenhagen in April, hosted by the Center.
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 15
LEGO model of the ATLAS detector, designed by Discovery Center postdoc Sascha Mehlhase.
We are also proud to report on a real technological
breakthrough for performing precision computations
of LHC processes. Namely, we described a simple
new algorithmic method for computing subtle corrections to scattering amplitudes, which we believe
will become important in the future of the LHC program.
16 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
The structure of the proton is a result of the strong
force, and is described very accurately by structure
functions. A speciality at the Discovery Center is the
measurement of structure functions in heavy nuclei
which differ from those in protons due to interactions between the nucleons. This is an ongoing collaboration between theorists and ALICE scientists, as
well as involvement from ATLAS.
Looking into the future
The Center is thriving in a new era in which physics is once again dominated by experimental data.
However, we also have an eye on the future. We are
playing a role in shaping the future of experiments
at CERN. One proposal for the future is the Large
Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC). The idea of the
LHeC is to add to the LHC’s physics capabilities by
building a new apparatus, which will allow us to collide accelerated protons and nuclei with electrons.
The LHeC will complement and extend the LHC
physics program. Key physics results will include a
more detailed understanding of the Higgs boson as
well as unprecedented new information on the structure of the proton (the so-called parton distribution
functions or PDFs.) Because the LHC collides pro-
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 17
tons, it is of crucial importance for us to understand
PDFs. The centre has considerable expertise in this
area, and has been contributing throughout the year,
not only on the LHC, but also on the first steps towards the LHeC.
A good understanding of the strong force is vital
to the ATLAS research programme, including the
search for new physics. Searches and precision measurements related to the weak force (including the the
discovery of the Higgs particle—see middle pages)
require good knowledge of the overwhelming backgrounds that arise from the strong force. The Dis-
18 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
covery Center has been leading the measurement of
Triple Gauge Couplings from very rare events, which
could potentially lead to discoveries of new phenomena that would otherwise be very hard to uncover. At
the same time, the weak force carrying particles, the
W and Z, are fantastic tools for studying the strong
force.
Beyond the Standard Model
While the discovery of the Higgs completes the
Standard Model, there remain several questions that
cannot be answered within the framework of that
model. Notable among these are an explanation for
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 19
the observed tiny neutrino masses as well the origin
and nature of the dark matter and dark energy observed today in the Universe. Despite the similar
names, these latter two of these concepts are quite
separate, and searches are being performed in data
taken by the ATLAS experiment for possible dark
matter candidate particles. These searches may also
reveal further fundamental symmetries in the known
laws of nature or, failing that, perform the equally
important function of eliminating the possibility that
such symmetries exist. Scientists from the Discovery
Center are actively involved in many of these search
analyses.
We are also using the recent LHC data to search
for other possible new features beyond the Standard Model. Such features include structure within
quarks, which would indicate that they are not elementary particles, and lepto-quarks, which would
mediate interactions between quarks and electrons.
We have also been searching for evidence of Supersymmetry (SUSY), which under some conditions can
provide a candidate for the origin of the dark matter
that is known to dominate the Universe. We have
been leading the search within ATLAS for such stable
massive particles.
Another area in which the Discovery Center performs
research into physics beyond the Standard Model is
the study of neutrinos, both theoretically and experimentally. Christine Hartmann, one of the younger
20 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
All the youngsters of the Discovery Center.
Discovery Youngsters
members of the centre, performs research into the
behaviour of neutrinos. Christine studies the pattern
of mixing that occurs between the three different flavours of neutrino. We have a poor understanding of
the origin of this mixing, and Christine’s work pursued the idea that a particular symmetry may explain
how the neutrino mixing arises.
Students are a key asset for the centre. During 2012
several events were arranged by students for students,
and with the full support of the centre. Three Discovery Youngster Symposia have been held for master
and PhD students. During these Symposia, participating students gave short 15 to 20 minutes talks on
a topic of their choice; the topic was usually related
to their thesis or current work. The setting for these
talks was informal, and they were delivered in such a
way that students from other areas of physics could
understand.
Events such as these have given students an unique
opportunity to improve their presentational skills
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 21
and practise the communication of their results to
others. Students also gained insight into the wide
range of research that is carried out at the centre,
shared knowledge with other students and developed
their social and scientific networks. At these symposia
visiting PhD students and post docs have also given
talks.
Another forum for informal networking and conversation has been frequent coffee meetings for youngsters of the center. These have been very popular during the year, sparking many interesting discussions
about a broad range of subjects, from the origin of
the Universe to monopoles in the LHC.
Announcements of events and ad hoc communication between students of the center takes place on a
separate mailinglist as well as a facebook group for
“Discovery Youngsters”. The Discovery Center itself
has a facebook page where photos of events, recent
discoveries, graduations etc. are posted and reach a
broad audience (e.g. over 375 people were engaged
through the post of the Discovery group photo).
22 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 23
DISCOVERY PEOPLE 2012
Scientific Staff
Alberto Guffanti
Alejandro Alonso
Anders Tranberg
Ante BIlandizc
Björn Stefan Nilsson
Børge Svane Nielsen
Casper Nygaard
Carsten Søgaard
Christian Holm Christensen
Donal Francis O’Connell
Florian Loebbert
Frederik Orrellana
Guido Marcorini
Hans Bøggild
Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard
Hao Liu
Ian Bearden
Jaiseung Kim
James Holmes
Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje
John Renner Hansen
Joyce Myers
Jørgen Beck Hansen
Jørn Dines Hansen
Kim Splittorf
Konstantin Zoubous
Kristjan Gulbrandsen
Marek Chojnacki
24 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
Marger Simonyan
Matti Herranen
Mogens Dam
Nele M. Philomena Boelaert
Niels Emil J. Bjerrum-Bohr
Pavel Naselsky
Per Rex Christensen
Peter Henrik Hansen
Poul Henrik Damgaard
Ricardo Monteiro
Richard Corke
Sascha Mehlhase
Simon Caron-Huot
Simon David Badger
Stefania Xella
Tristan Dennan
Troels C. Petersen
Valery Yundin
Yang Zhang
Wen Zhao
PhD students
Alexander Hansen
Almut Pingel
Anne Mette Frejsel
Ask Emil Løvschall-Jensen
Carsten Søgaard
Christine Hartmann
Hjalte Frellesvig
Kristian Anders Gregersen
Lars Egholm Petersen
Laura Jenniches
Lotte Ansgaard Thomsen
Mads Søgaard
Martin A. Kirstejn Hansen
Peter Rosendahl
Rijun Huang
Simon J. Franz Heisterkamp
Sune Jakobsen
Thomas Søndergaard
Valentina Zaccolo
Master students
Alexander Karlberg
Anders Møllgaard
Anne Mette Frejsel
Asger Ipsen
Bastian Poulsen
Bjørn Peter Sørensen
Christian Bierlich
Christian Caeser
Christian Holm Christensen
Christian Marboe
Christine Hartmann
Christine O. Rasmussen
Esben Bork Hansen
Gorm Galster
Ingrid Deigaard
Joachim Sandroos
Karina Marie Schifter-Holm
Kristoffer Levin Hansen
Lars Egholm Pedersen
Mads Søgaard
Maria Hoffmann
Mikkel Skaarup
Mitzio Spatafora Andersen
Morten Ankersen Medici
Niraj Thapa
Rasmus Normann Larsen
Simon Stark Mortensen
Silvia Arghir
Therkel Zøllner Olesen
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 25
SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATES
ADVISORY BOARD
Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, University of Oxford
Anupan Mazumdar, Lancaster University
Bo Feng, Zhejiang University
Else Lytken, Lund University
Guilia Zanderighi, Oxford University
Harald Ita, UCLA
Ian Hinchliffe, Lawrence-Berkeley Univ.
Igor Novikov, Moscow University
James Nagle, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
Jürgen Schukraft, CERN
Katri Huitu, University of Helsinki
Leif Lönnblad, Lund University
Lung-Yih Chang, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
Maxim Perelstein, Cornell University
Oleg Verkhodanov, SAO, Russia
Peter Coles, Cardiff University
Peter Skands, CERN
Pierre Vanhove, IHES & Saclay
Raju Venugopalan, Brookhaven Nat. Lab.
Richard Ball, University of Edinburgh
Ruth Britto, Saclay
Slava Mukhanov, Ludwig-Maximillian Univ,
Munich
Stefano Forte, University of Milano
Subir Sarkar, University of Oxford
Urs Wiedemann, CERN
Valery Rubakov, Brookhaven Nat lab.
Zvi Bern, UCLA
Andrei Linde, Stanford University
Chris Quigg, Fermilab
Jurgen Schukraft, CERN
Nick Ellis, CERN
26 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
DISCOVERY VISITORS
Jonathan Pritchard, Imperial College, UK,
February 2012
Carlo Burigana, INAF, Bologna, IT, February 2012
Mads Frandsen, Oxford, UK, February 2012
Tristan Dennen, UCLA, USA, March 2012
Zvi Bern, CERN, March 2012-07-10
Gabriele Travaglini, University of London, UK,
April 2012
V. Parameswaran Nair, City College CUNY, USA,
April – June 2012
Carlo Burigana, INAF, Bologna, IT, April 2012
Giulia Zanderighi, Oxford University, UK,
April 2012
Chandrasekhar Chatterjee, Chennai, India,
May 2012
Rob Schabinger, Madrid University, ES, May 2012
Subir Sarkar, Oxford University, UK, May 2012
Philipp Mertsch, Stanford, USA, May 2012
Andreas Hoecker, CERN, May 2012
Nigel Glover, Durham University, UK, May 2012
Jonathan Heckman, IAS, Princeton, USA,
May 2012
Juan Garcia-Bellido, University of Madrid, Spain,
May 2012
Babis Anastasiou, ETH, Zürich, SW, May 2012
Bo Feng, Chejiang University, China,
June-August 2012
Goran Senjanovic, Trieste, IT, June 2012
Reinke Iserman, DESY, Germany, June 2012
Rutger Boels, DESY, Germany, June 2012
Richard Ball, University of Edinburgh, UK,
June 2012
Harald Ita, UCLA, USA, July 2012
Zvi Bern, UCLA, USA, July 2012
Alessandro Gruppuso, INAF, Bologna, IT, July 2012
Peter Coles, Cardiff University, UK, August 2012
Thomas DeGrand, University of Colorado, USA,
August 2012
John Richard Bond, CITA, CA, August 2012
Stefano Forte, INFN, IT, August 2012
Zomar Komargodski, Weizmann Institute,
August 2012
G. Korchemsky, CEA/Saclay, August 2012
Chris Quigg, Fermilab, USA, September 2012
Peter Skands, CERN, September 2012
Anupam Mazamdar, September 2012
Paul Steinhardt, September 2012
Stephan Stieberger, September 2012
Gabriele Travaglini, September 2012
Frank Wilczek, September 2012
Rose Lerner, University of Helsinki, FI,
October 2012
Brian Wecht, Queen Mary, UK, October 2012
Nima Arkani-Hamed, Princeton, USA,
October 2012
Seshadri Nadathur, University of Bielefeld, DE,
November 2012
Anne Schukraft, University of Aachen,
November 2012
Guido Festuccia, IAS Princeton, November 2012
Arman Shafieloo, APCTP, Korea, November 2012
Philipp Mertsch, December 2012
SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS AND COURSES
Nordic Conference on Particle Physics,
January 2-7, 2012
Conference on Standard Model @ LHC,
April 10-13, 2012
Workshop on Fundamental Physics with Planck,
June 6-8, 2012
Conference on Baryogenesis and Quantum Field
Dynamics, August 28-30, 2012
PhD course in Detector Technology
for Particle Physics, October 22-26, 2012
PhD course in Advanced Statistics,
5-9 November 2012 – continued January 7-11,
2013
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 27
THE HIGGS DISCOVERY
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SPORT Side 13
WORLD’S BEST DESIGNED
NEWSPAPER
Verdens
rigeste kvinde
vil styre pressen
INTERNATIONALT
Side 9
Ny film
åbner
legendens
skuffer
KULTUR Forsiden
Foto: Daniele Badolato/AP,
Torsdag
Krisen får
fødselstal
til at falde
’Guds partikel’ Her ser du
en historisk milepæl
I
dag skruer årets Roskilde
Festival op for musikken, når
den
ikoniske Orange Scene åbner.
Roskilde Festivalen har for
længst
slået sin status som en kulturbæ
rende søjle fast. Hvert år introduc
eres
nye generationer af unge
for et
bredt spektrum af den ypperste
kvalitet i rytmisk musik netop
nu og
opdrages til at forstå, at det
musikalske univers er langt dybere
end
tyggegummipop og pladesel
skabernes nyeste teenagefænomen
.
Det er heldigvis stadig musikke
n,
der er i centrum. Men Roskilde
Festival er kulturbærende i
langt videre forstand end rent musikals
k. I en
tid, hvor det politiske parnas
er enige om, at kun skattelettelser
og økonomiske incitamenter kan
motivere mennesker, er en festival
båret af
frivillige kræfter en vigtig
erindring
om, at alt ikke passer ind
i matematiske modeller.
Det er også derfor, at Roskilde
Festival virker grænseløst provoke
rende på avantgarden i tidens
nyborgerlige bølge, der i foråret
gik voldsomt til angreb mod Roskilde
Kommunes ekspropriation af
en nabogrund, som sikrer, at festivale
n også
i fremtiden har plads at boltre
sig
på. Magtmisbrug. Bestikke
lse. Ingen
anklage var for langt ude.
Men kommunen blev pure frikendt
af statsforvaltningen.
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uddannelse
PERNILLE MAINZ
the Stan-U
The Higgs discovery not only solidifies
models,
e
dard Model and rejects many alternativ
both in
rch
but also opens a new window of resea
of the
s
origin
particle physics and also into the
Universe and creation of matter.
der har en humanistisk
bachelor og vil
have en samfundsvidensk
abelig kandidatgrad. Men også unge
med en professionsbachelor som lærer
eller sygeplejerske, der vil tage en kandida
tgrad. Kurset
tager ofte et halvt år ekstra
og er uden SU,
fordi det ikke er et fuldtidss
tudium.
»Helt tåbeligt«, siger formand
for Danske Studerendes Fællesrå
d Torben Holm.
Uddannelsesminister Morten
Østergaard (R) vil rydde op i antallet
af kurser:
»Jeg vil den her supplering
til livs, så den
bliver fjernet, hvor den er
unødvendig«.
Og de kurser, der er særligt
fagligt begrundet, skal fremover
kunne tages parallelt med den nye kandida
tuddannelse.
pernille.ma
nge, der vil skifte uddanne
lsesretning efter en bachelor tvinges
til
at tage et suppleringskursu
s, inden de må fortsætte. Dermed
bliver cirka
800 årligt forsinket et halvt
år – stik imod
[email protected]
regeringens hensigt om
at få unge hurtigere igennem uddannelsessyste
met.
Studerende får frataget SU’en
Det rammer blandt andre
på ...
studerende, 1. sektion side
5
5 708730 910143
00027
VEJRE T Nogen eller
en del sol. 19 til 24
grader. Let til jævn vind
fra øst og nordøst
politiken mener
Festivalen beviser, at fællesskab skaber dynamik.
flere børn end året før. Mest
markant er
faldet i blandt andet Spanien,
Grækenland, Estland, Ungarn og
Island. Lande,
der har det til fælles, at de
er blevet ramt
hårdt af den økonomiske
krise.
Seniorforsker Mogens
Christoff
fra SFI – Det Nationale Forsknin ersen
gscenter
for Velfærd – er heller i
tvivl om, at den
økonomiske usikkerhed
fertilitet
har fået mange
unge til at overveje deres
fremtidsplaner.
»Hvis du har svært ved at
PETER G. H. MADSEN
finde et job og
et sted at bo, så er du også
mere tilbageholdende med at stifte familie«,
siger han.
Mogens Christoffersen
år den økonomiske krise
fortæller, at
ram- samme udvikling
kunne ses i 1930’erne,
mer, og fyresedlerne flyver
i virk- hvor datidens unge
ventede med at få
somhederne, skrues der
op for børn på grund af
præventionen.
den økonomiske og politiske usikkerhed. Til gengæld
Spørg bare i Letland. Da den
kom der
finansielle så et boom
i fødselstallene efter Anden
krise skyllede ind over den
vestlige ver- Verdenskrig.
den i efteråret 2008, gik landets
økonomi
Om vi kommer til at se
i koma. Og kort efter holdt
den udvikling
lettiske kvin- gentaget,
når og hvis økonomien vender
der nærmest op med at føde
i
børn, og fer- Europa, er
svært at sige. Men der er en
tiliteten – som er antallet
risiaf børn en kvin- ko for, at
de kvinder, der i dag venter
de får i sit liv – styrtdykkede
med
fra 1,44 i 2008 at få børn,
bliver fanget af det biologisk
til 1,14 sidste år. Et enormt
e
fald i demogra- ur og aldrig
kommer
fiens verden, hvor ændring
til at ligge i barselser ofte måles i sengen, påpeger
mikroskopiske decimale
Mogens Christoffersen.
r.
Også Danmark er ramt af
Letland er langt fra unik.
fødselsrecesI mange af de sionen. Fra
2008 til 2011 faldt fertilitet
lande, herunder Danmar
en
k, hvor den øko- herhjem
me fra 1,89 til 1,76.
nomiske krise har sat sit
spor i ledighedsIfølge professor Jørgen Goul
tal og nationalregnskab
Andersen
er, er der blevet fra Aalborg
Universitet handler den
længere mellem de glade
faldforældre på lan- ende fertilitet
i Danmark dog mere om
dets fødestuer. Det fortæller
seniorfor- den politik, der
sker Tomas Sobotka fra Vienna
føres på Christiansborg,
Institute of end om den
økonomiske udvikling.
Demography.
Resultatet er dog det samme.
»Det er en klar trend. Efter
Nemlig at Dankrisen ramte, mark, såfremt
udviklingen fortsætter
er fertiliteten faldet i Europa,
i
USA og en 2012, vil se et
langtidsfald i arbejdsudbudrække andre af verdens rigeste
lande. Jeg det på 10.000-12
.000. Hvilket giver færre
mener, forklaringen er, at
i
den økonomi- den erhvervs
aktive alder til at forsørge
ske krise, og den usikkerh
ed og frygt for det stigende
antal ældre.
arbejdsløshed, der følger
med, får mange
»De danske tal for 2011 er skræmm
unge til at vente med at stifte
ende.
familie«, si- Hvis udviklin
gen fortsætter, vil det få meger han.
get stor betydning for den
Tomas Sobotkas data taler
fremtidige arogså deres bejdsstyrke«,
siger han.
eget tydelige sprog. I 2008
havde 30 ud af peter.g.ma
[email protected]
de 31 lande, som han har
undersøgt, stigende fertilitet. I 2011 er
fertiliteten fald- Færre
børn er politikernes skyld
ende i 25 lande, og kun i 5
lande fødes der 1. sektion
side 10
the Higgs.
Borberg
Er I der,
Roskilde?
Før den økonomiske krise
steg fertiliteten, men nu
falder den i 25 ud af 31
vestlige lande, viser nye
tal.
Danmark er hårdt ramt.
a quest in
The hunt for the Higgs particle has been
the priof
particle physics for decades, and one
erator.
accel
mary reasons for building CERN’s LHC
now Studerende
the
for
tvinges
Its discovery marks a final triumph
- til et halvt års
analy
t
quen
pause
complete Standard Model, as subse
Forsinkende kurser skal
the Dis- stopp
es nu, siger
sis of further data (pioneered in part by
is indeed uddannelsesministeren.
covery Center) strongly suggests, that it
Søren Sielemann, Thomas
5. juli 2012
Årgang 128. Nr. 275
Pris 25,00
Kundecenter
Politiken 70 15 01 01
1. udgave
www.politiken.dk
Fundet af Higgspartikle
et videnskabeligt gennembrn er
ud,
der på sin vis svarer til
opdagelsen af Amerika
Troels C. Petersen, partikelfysiker
ved Niels Bohr Institutet
DAGENS TEMA Side
4
Forskere ved det internatio
nale atomforskningscenter
Cern har sendt to protonst
en milliarddel af et sekund
råler mod hinanden for
efter Big Bang for 13,7 milliarde
at genskabe situationen
r år siden. Det var præcist
partikler opnåede fast form
i det øjeblik, at sværmen
gennem forbindelse med
e af vildt flyvende
Higgspartiklen. Og det var
starten på universet, som
vi kender det. Foto: Atlas
Narko Politikere er vrede
over politiets
NÅR ANGREBET bliver så
hårdt, er
det fordi festivalen er en umuligh
ed
i det nyborgerlige verdensb
illede.
For de ved jo, at de bedste
løsninger
altid skabes af det frie marked.
At al
initiativ skabes i jagten på
private
profitter, og at effektivitet
er umulig
uden markedets usynlige
hånd.
Tanken om, at tusindvis af
frivillige arbejder for at stable festivale
n
på benene, passer ikke ind
i cost-benefit-analyserne. Tanken
om, at en
nonprofitorganisation kan
skabe et
professionelt arrangement,
stemmer dårligt overens managem
entkursets visdomsord.
Men det er virkelighed hvert
eneste år på Dyrskuepladsen
i Roskilde.
At det er fællesskab og ikke
ulighed,
der skaber dynamik.
CEPOS OG dets efterbyrd
af borgerlige meningsdannere har forsøgt
at
forklare paradokset om festivale
ns
succes med, at den selv er
blevet til
big business. Så passer verdensb
illedet igen, og de kan også selv
med
god samvittighed blive en
del af fællesskabet i nogle få sorgløse
dage.
For som alle andre er de velkomn
ei
Roskilde.
Realiteten er, at det er lykkedes
festivalen at bevare kernen
af den
ånd, der i 1971 for første gang
samlede nogle hippier på en pløjema
rk,
og at udbrede og moderni
sere denne ånd uden at komprom
ittere den.
Det er derfor, det hedder
deltagere
snarere end kunder i Roskilde
. For
uden den enkeltes deltagels
e i fællesskabet var der slet ingen
festival.
Derfor er der grund til at
takke de
tusinder af mennesker, der
igen i år
viser, at fællesskabet kan
skabe store
resultater. Tak for musikke
n – og tak
for deltagelsen. km
gode råd om stoffer på festi
val. 1. sektion side 3
“HISTORICAL events recede in importance with every passing
decade. (...) The laws of physics, though, are eternal and universal. Elucidating them is one of the triumphs of mankind.
And this week has seen just such a triumphant elucidation.”
[The Economist, July 2012]
“The discovery of the Higgs particle reached the front page of most newspapers and magazines in the world. ATLAS spokes­person, Fabiola Gianotti
was selected as runner-up for Time Magazine person of the year.”
DISCOVERY PUBLICATIONS 2012
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30 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
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G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “A search for tt resonances with the ATLAS detector in 2.05 fb^-
1 of proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV,” Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 2083
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section in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector,” Physics Letters B 717 (2012) 330
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collisions at s = 7 TeV and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Lett. B 717 (2012) 49
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Measurement of the W boson polarization in top quark decays with the ATLAS detector,” JHEP 1206 (2012) 088
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s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 081801
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diphoton decay channel with the ATLAS detector,” Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 2157
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G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Measurement of polarization in W-> tau v decays with the AT
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ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 31
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Search for supersymmetry with jets, missing transverse momentum and at least one hadronically decaying lepton in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Lett. B 714 (2012) 197
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying via H+ -> tau v in top quark pair events using pp collision data at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector,” JHEP 1206 (2012) 039
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32 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
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production in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector,” Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 2039
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G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], \Search for FCNC single top-quark production at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Lett. B 712 (2012) 351
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], \Measurement of the azimuthal ordering of charged hadrons with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 052005
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 33
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], \Search for down-type fourth generation quarks with the ATLAS detector in events with one lepton and hadronically decaying W bosons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 032001
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], \Search for same-sign top-quark production and fourth-generation down-type quarks in pp collisions at s = 7TeV with the ATLAS detector,” JHEP 1204 (2012) 069
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], \Measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector using nal states with two high-pt leptons,” JHEP 1205 (2012) 059
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ATLAS detector based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV,” Eur. Phys. J. C 72 (2012) 1993
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34 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
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G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Search for the Higgs boson in the H -> WW(*) -> lvlv decay channel in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 111802
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proton collisions with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Lett. B 710 (2012) 538
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Measurement of the WZ production cross section and limits on
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ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 35
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Search for Diphoton Events with Large Missing Transverse Momen
tum in 1 fb-1 of 7 TeV Proton-Proton Collision Data with the ATLAS Detector,” Phys. Lett. B 710 (2012) 519
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Measurement of the production cross section for Z/gamma* in associa
tion with jets in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector,” Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 032009
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Kshort and production in pp interactions at s = 0:9 and 7 TeV
measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC,” Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 012001
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using the ATLAS detector at the LHC,” Phys. Lett. B 709 (2012) 322
G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “A study of the material in the ATLAS inner detector using secondary hadronic interactions,” JINST 7 (2012) P01013
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G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Measurement of the ZZ production cross section and limits on anoma
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G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], “Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in pp col
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B. Abelev et al. [ALICE Collaboration]. “Measurement of Event Background Fluctuations for Charged Particle Jet Reconstruction in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 2:76 TeV” JHEP 1203, 053 (2012)
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M. Hansen, J. Kim, A. M. Frejsel, S. Ramazanov, P. Naselsky, W. Zhao and C. Burigana, “Can residuals of the Solar system foreground explain low multipole anomalies of the CMB ?,” JCAP 1210 (2012) 059
V. Mukhanov, J. Kim, P. Naselsky, T. Trombetti and C. Burigana, “How accurately can we measure the hydrogen 2S->1S transition rate from the cosmological data?,” JCAP 1206 (2012) 040
J. Kim, P. Naselsky and N. Mandolesi, “Harmonic in-painting of CMB sky by constrained Gaussian realization,” Astrophys. J. 750 (2012) L9
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P. Naselsky, W. Zhao, J. Kim and S. Chen, “Is the CMB asymmetry due to the kinematic dipole?,” Astro phys. J. 749 (2012) 31
S. R. Ramazanov and G. I. Rubtsov, “Statistical anisotropy of CMB as a probe of conformal rolling scenario,” JCAP 1205 (2012) 033
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C. Hartmann, “The Frobenius group T13 and the canonical see-saw mechanism applied to neutrino mixing,” Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 013012
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DISCOVERY FINANCING
EXTERNAL GRANTS
The Discovery budget for 2012 from the Danish
The Lundbeck Junior Group Leader grant kicked in
National
Research
Foundation
is
9.109.224
DKK
during 2012, where it was used to make new postDISCOVERY FINANCING (including overhead). This amount was also in 2012
doc hires. Also the Villum Young Investigator Grant
The Discovery budget for 2012 from the Danish National Research Foundation is 9.109.224 supplemented by a large number of other grants and
was used to make the first post-doc hire in addition
DKK (including overhead). This amount was also in 2012 supplemented by a large number of other grants and by Copenhagen University contributions. In the figure below overhead is not by Copenhagen University contributions. In the figto providing salary for the young P.I. himself. Two
included. ure below overhead is not included.
young post-docs (from UCLA and IAS in Princeton)
both received grants from the Danish Science Research Council which will pay for their salaries for
Salaries PhD the next two years. A young post-doc was granted
1.550.200
a STENO stipend to cover 4 years salary. The Dis(24%)
covery theory group also received a framework grant
from the Danish Science Research Council through
its association with the Niels Bohr International
Salaries staff
3.925.650
Academy. One of our PhD-students was awarded an
(62%)
EU fellowship to spend 9 months at CERN. Finally,
Travels +workshops
Professor Subir Sarkar, one of our Scientific Associ730.000
ates, received a most prestigious grant (Niels Bohr
(12%)
Equipment
Professorship) from the Danish National Research
120.000
(2%)
Foundation for the next five years.
EXTERNAL GRANTS BY DISCOVERY SCIENTISTS IN 2012 The Lundbeck Junior Group Leader grant kicked in during 2012, where it was used to make new post‐doc hires. Also the Villum Young Investigator Grant was used to make the first post‐doc hire in addition to providing salary for the young P.I. himself. Two young post‐docs (from UCLA and IAS in Princeton) both received grants from the Danish Science Research Council which will pay for their salaries for the next two years. The Discovery theory group also received a framework grant from the Danish Science Research Council through its asso‐
ciation with the Niels Bohr International Academy. One of our PhD‐students was awarded an EU fellowship to spend 9 months at CERN. Finally, Professor Subir Sarkar, one of our Scien‐
tific Associates, received a most prestigious grant (Niels Bohr Professorship) from the Danish National Research Foundation for the next five years. 42 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 43
44 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 | 45
46 | DISCOVERY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
Cover layout: Morten Dam Jørgensen
Grafisk opsætning: Hofdamerne ApS