ਓ ਅ ੲ ਸ
OORAA ( O ) AIRAA ( A ) EEREE ( E ) One of three VOWEL LETTERS One of three VOWEL LETTERS One of three VOWEL LETTERS ਓ ਅ ੲ Footprint Alps Eagle SASSA ( S ) SHASHSHA ( SH ) HAAHA ( H ) ਸ ਸ਼ ਹ Square top Square shot Hook KAKKA ( K ) KHAKHKHA ( KH ) KHAKHKHA ( KH ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter ਕ ਖ Cod Koffee ਖ਼ Koffee bean GAGGA ( G ) ਗ Golfer GHAGHGHA ( GH ) GHAGGA ( GH ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter ਗ਼ Golfer hole CHACHCHA ( CH ) CHACHCHA (CHH) ਘ Gully ( k at beginning of word ) JAJJA ( J ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter ਚ ਛ ਜ Chairlift Cheda Junkyard dog ZAZZA ( Z ) JHAJJA ( JH ) TAINKA ( T ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter Tongue curls back, underside of tongue touches palate behind gum ridge ਝ ਟ ਜ਼ Zapped dog Just U2( c h at beginning of word) Tank THATHTHA ( TH ) DADDA ( D ) DHADDA ( DH ) Tongue curls back, underside of tongue touches palate behind gum ridge H indicates that you exhale Tongue curls back, underside of tongue touches palate behind gum ridge Tongue curls back, underside of tongue touches palate behind gum ridge H indicates that you exhale ਠ ਡ ਢ Tea bag Dolphins Dog tounge ( t at beginning of word ) NAAHNA ( N ) TATTA ( T ) THATHTHA ( TH ) Tongue curls back, underside of tongue touches palate behind gum ridge The tip of the tongue touches the teeth The tip of the tongue touches the teeth (H indicates that you exhale ) ਣ Nose ਤ ਥ Tummy Top Hat DADDA ( D ) DHADDA ( DH ) NANNA ( N ) The tip of the tongue touches the teeth The tip of the tongue touches the teeth (H indicates that you exhale ) ਦ ਧ ਨ Dog Dump out ( t at beginning of word ) Nipper PAPPA ( P ) FHAFHFHA ( FH ) FAFFA ( F ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter ਫ਼ ਪ ਫ Pipe Football Football BHABBA ( BH ) MAMMA ( M ) BABBA ( B ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter ਬ ਭ ਮ Backwords Big belly( p at beginning of word ) Missing YAYA ( Y ) RAARA ( R ) LALLA ( L ) ਯ ਰ ਲ Yak Racetrack Lobster LALLA ( L ) VAVVA ( V/W ) RAAHRA ( R ) No English equivalent – halfway between v and w ਲ਼ Lobster ਵ VW ਡ਼ Running 3 NGANGA ( NG ) KANNA ( a ) SIHAAREE ( i ) As ‘ng’ in ‘sing’ This vowel sign follows a letter This vowel sign precedes a letter ਙ Number five (nasal n) ਾ ਿਾ ei. Ball ei. Hill BIHAAREE ( ee ) AUNKAR ( u ) DULAINKAR ( oo ) This vowel sign follows a letter This vowel sign is underneath a letter This vowel sign is underneath a letter ਾ ਾ ei. Put ei. Soon ਾ ei. Feet LAANV ( e ) DULAANV ( ai ) HORAA ( o ) This vowel sign is above a letter This vowel sign is above a letter This vowel sign is above a letter ਾ ਾ ਾ ei. May ei. Cat ei. Cone KANAURAA ( au ) ADDHAK BINDEE This vowel sign is above a letter This auxiliary sign is above a letter This nasalization sign is above a letter ਾ ਾ ਾ ei. Cow Stresses the sound of the letter that follows it (double sound) Adds a short nasal sound to the word ei. Candy (used with vowels) TIPPEE PAIREE HAAHAA PAIREE RAARAA This nasalization sign is above a letter This consonant sign is below a letter This consonant sign is below a letter ਾ ਹਹ ਰਰ Adds a brief ‘h’ sound to the word (short hand) Adds a brief ‘r’ sound to the word (short hand) Adds a nasal sound to the word ei. Link (used with consonants) YANJA ( NJ ) (nasal sound) ਞ Knuckle Flashcard Guide Name of letter BHABBA ( BH ) H indicates that you exhale while saying this letter Sound of letter Tongue position or aspiration (breathing) notes ਭ Big belly( p at beginning of word ) Memory aid (For example, Imagine the letter as a big belly. When you see it again, you will think “big belly” this is the “b”) Additional notes (For example, this letter makes a different sound at the beginning of a word)
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