Slovenski kras
in jame v preteklosti
Trevor Shaw l Alenka Čuk
PART 2
CERKNIŠKO JEZERO
AND
RAKOV ŠKOCJAN
Chapter 1
THE KARST
T
49 €
This book describes and illustrates many
aspects of the history of the Slovene karst and
its caves, from the 16th to the 20th centuries.
From the meaning of the word karst and
the characteristic surface of karst country it
moves to the underground world of caves.
Some of their exploration is detailed and
also the impression that they made on early
visitors, painters and photographers. Modern
tourism derives from the tours led by Thomas
he karst regi
ons of Slovenia
, like those
world, resu
in many oth
lt from the
er parts of the
rock being
uble in rain
limestone whi
water. This
of a long des
not only cau
ch is slightly
the presenc
criptive poe
ses a lack of
sole of caves and
m in 1537, emp
behaviour and
surface stre
undergroun
hasizing the
characteris
saying that
ams and
d rivers, but
tic of karstic
strangeness
only the wat
In later cen
also other feat
of its
landscape.
er nymphs
ing fissures
turies it was
In particular,
ures
knew the cau
in the rock
a similar sen
dre
w hundreds
solution of
se of it.
results in con
se of wonder
in which som
intersect(later million
e-shaped dep
or curiosity
e residual soil
cau
s) of people
sed others
ressions – doli
that
collects, and
farmers to
to visit kno
to explore cave
nes –
allow cultivat
wn
more is som
caves. It also
es that had
s that were
etimes add
ion. Bigger,
never been
called collapse
little known,
ed
ofte
by
seen
n
to enter pas
vertical-sid
dolines resu
before and
discover whe
saged depressions
even to des
lt when the
caves or cav
re they led.
cend deep sha
ground surf
ities formed
There is also
ace collapse
fts to
by undergr
include the
ano
s
into
ther
oun
immense pits
d streams.
sort of curiosi
explain thes
Collapse doli
at Škocjanske
ty: the desire
e strange thin
The caves
nes
to understand
jame.
gs – intermi
and spectac
tites, and the
ttent lakes,
and
ular feature
appealed to
very caves them
stalagmites
s of karst hav
visitors and
1665, but in
selves. There
and stalactravellers, as
e for centuri
that year bot
phenomena
was not muc
they do to
es
h the Philosop
have always
h of this befo
Society in Lon
tourists tod
seemed stra
hica
re
to what mos
l Transactio
don and the
ay. Karst
nge becaus
t people are
ns of the Roy
Journal des
Paris started
e
the
fam
y
Sca
al
are differen
seen from afar
iliar with. In
vans (“Schola
publication
t
. These wer
particular,
rs’ Journal”
like mountai
could scientifi
e issued regu
caves cannot
) in
ns but only
entered. Suc
c authors writ
larly so that
be
after they hav
h strangenes
e
they
abo
not
ut
wou
their discove
only
s often mea
e been actu
ld also kno
or fanciful
ries and exp
nt mystery,
ally
w that thei
might be foun
were equally
where the une
lanations;
r ideas wou
d, like the dra
of legend (Fig
interested.
ld be read
xpected
gons, kobalte
It is this sort
. 2).
by others who
was attracte
n or nibelung
of early scie
d by the inte
In the preh
ntific curiosi
en
rmittent lake
istoric bronze
Early writers
ty that
at Cerknica,
centre, the
age when Ško
were most
Cer
entrance sha
kni
cjan
because they
interested
ško jezero.
near Divača
ft of the nea
in the caves
the gateway
were strange
was a cult
rby Mušja jam
to the underw
of karst regi
and unfami
surface of the
a was regarded
ons
liar. But it was
orld, the sam
Legends hav
karst landscap
as
e underworld
the formerly
e fairies in the
those who
e that made
as in Greek
bare
cave of Vile
travelled acro
jama. There
the stronge
myth.
nica and a dra
st impression
are many oth
ss it. The mai
the Adriatic
gon at Postojn
er such folk
on
n route from
Institute of
lay
acro
ss such a regi
tales, studied
ska
central Eur
Slovene Eth
part of Italy
on in western
ope to
by members
nology in Ljub
inla
The strange
nd
of the
Slovenia (Fig
from Trieste,
ljana.
ness of cave
became wid
. 4) and a
so it was here
s not only
ple. As can
ely known.
that its cha
attracted lege
be seen, som
Indeed it was
itself became
racter first
nds but also
e karst feat
for
impressed thos
104known as
this reason
ures such as
peoKarst.
that the regi
e who saw them
Cerkniško
on
at exaggerate
in the 16th cen
jezero so
d size on map
tury that they
The Word
s (Fig. 3). The
were drawn
Karst
same lake was
This word
also the sub
‘Karst’ is of
ject
very ancient
ing has und
origin and
ergone man
its precise
y changes
meanover the yea
rs. Derived
from a
Fig. 1
The bare hills
ide,
now tree-cov
ered,
above Veliki
Otok
church. The
hill Sovič
is behind on
the left,
with Postojna
to
right. The floo its
ds
are those of
1924 or
a few years
earli
Photo. S. Grad er.
enigo.
Notranjski
muz
Postojna colle ej
ction
Cook who first came to Postojnska jama in
1868. Music in that cave has a very long history
for dancing or concerts. The relation between
caves and people is a constant theme as are
the problems facing all travellers in pre-railway
days. One of the very first women to explore
difficult caves is seen at Škocjan. Also touched
upon is Darwin’s interest in Slovene cave
animals and the mis-use of stalagmites from
the caves.
9
features of
Caves are not the only curious
ce and disapthe karst. The sudden appearan3
of the “lake”
pearance of water over 25 km
puzzled peoof Cerknica (Cerkniško jezero)
and a half
ple as early as 1537 and a century
and foreign, were
later scientists, both Slovene
behaviour.
attempting to explain this strange
land to be
the
enabled
This seasonal change
fishing. We now
used for both farming and
is the rise
on
know that the simple explanati
floodwater
the
and fall of the water table,
and then
ing out from underground passages
problem
returning into them. A practical
blocked the
occurred when tree branches
ng solution was
entrances and a civil engineeri
th
devised in the 19 century.
Slovenski
kras
in jame
v preteklosti
Slov ene Cars t
and Cave s
in the Past
Trevor Sh aw | A len k a Ču k
Fishing through
the ice at Rešeto on
Cerkniško jezero in
1714, an oil painting by
Steinberg in Narodni
muzej, Ljubljana,
inventory no. 781
Kraške jame, pa tudi posebna in zanimiva
slovenska pokrajina – kras – že stoletja
privlačijo obiskovalce. A vendar je bilo v
preteklih stoletjih le peščici dano občudo
vati najrazličnejše kraške formacije in pri
sluhniti bučečim podzemeljskim rekam.
Kar nekaj obiskovalcev je izkušnje in opaža
nja zapisalo v dnevnike in jih v tiskani obliki
celo objavilo. V knjigi, ki je plod dolgolet
nega angleško-slovenskega sodelovanja
(svetovno znanega preučevalca zgodovine
speleologije in slovenske zgodovinarke),
so povzeti njihova opažanja in vtisi, dopol
njeni z ilustracijami oziroma s fotografi
jami iz tistega časa.
Nepreklicno naročam
Nepreklicno naročam
Ime in priimek / ustanova
Naslov
Datum
Dobo modernega turizma je začel Tho
mas Cook, ki je prve organizirane skupine
v Postojnsko jamo pripeljal leta 1868. V tej
jami že vrsto let prirejajo glasbene oziroma
plesne prireditve. To je le en vidik odnosa
med človekom in jamo, ki ga obravnava
knjiga. V 39 poglavjih spoznamo na pri
mer težave, s katerimi so se spoprijemali
obiskovalci jam pred uvedbo železnice, iz
vemo, da je ena izmed pionirk – raziskovalk
jam – raziskovala prav Škocjanske jame, da
so živali, ki jih najdemo v slovenskih jamah,
pritegnile pozornost samega Darwina in
še veliko več.
izvodov knjige Slovenski kras in jame v preteklosti po ceni 30€ (po izidu 49€)
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IUvod
1Kras
2 Kraške reke na prvih
zemljevidih
3 So argonavti prečkali
slovenski kras pod zemljo?
4 Nekaj zelo nenavadnih
»načrtov« jam (okoli 1750)
5 Potovanje na kras
6 Gostilne na krasu
7 Biologi na obisku
8 Proteus in človek (in
Darwin)
9 Kapniki iz slovenskih jam,
namenjeni prodaji,
preučevanju in javnemu
predstavljanju
10Množična proizvodnja
podob – leporelli, reklamne
kartice, razglednice in
medalje
II Cerkniško jezero in Rakov
Škocjan
11 Cerkniško jezero in kako je
postalo slavno
12Prve razlage obnašanja
jezera
13Cerkniško jezero in njegove
jame
14Rakov Škocjan
15Regulacija poplavljanja
kraških polj in Viljem Putick
IIIPostojnska jama
16Raziskovanje in merjenje v
Postojnski jami
17Obiskovalci v Postojnski
jami pred letom 1818
18Obiskovalci Postojnske jame
po letu 1818
19Thomas Cook in turistični
paketi
20Postojnska jama v poljudnih
knjigah 19. stoletja
21Jamski vodiči in njihove
svetilke
22Električna razsvetljava v
Postojnski jami
23Podzemna železnica v
Postojnski jami
24Grottenfest
25Glasba in Postojnska jama
26Slikarji v Postojnski jami
27Čisto prve fotografije
Postojnske jame
28Podzemna poštna urada v
Postojnski jami
29Druge jame postojnskega
jamskega sistema: Črna
jama, Pivka jama in Otoška
jama
30Ivan Andrej Perko
IVŠkocjanske jame, Vilenica
31Škocjan in tamkajšnji
udornici
32Raziskovanje Škocjanskih
jam
33Škocjanske jame za turiste
34Škocjanske jame leta 1891
– izlet Planinskega društva
35Poldi Fuhrich v Škocjanskih
jamah med letoma 1921 in
1922
36Jama Vilenica
V Nekatere druge jame
37Planinska jama
38Jama pod Predjamskim
gradom
39Sveta jama, Križna jama in
Dimnice