1. No category

Mineral Deposit Report
Page 1 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Ahmavaara
Alternative names:
deposit
Occurence type:
Commodity
Rank
Total Measure
Total Production
platinum group metal
1
186.83 t
0.00 t
186.83 t
palladium
2
154.91 t
0.00 t
154.91 t
nickel
2
129,561.30 t
0.00 t
129,561.30 t
copper
2
328,597.50 t
0.00 t
328,597.50 t
platinum
2
31.92 t
0.00 t
31.92 t
gold
3
18.78 t
0.00 t
18.78 t
cobalt
4
Easting EUREF:
456545
Easting YKJ:
3456700
Northing EUREF:
7331533
Northing YKJ:
7334600
Discovery year:
1986
Province:
Portimo (PGE, Cr, Ni)
District:
1,2,4,5,7,8,10
Reference:
Mineral deposit type
Group:
Metallogenic deposit
Main type:
Ultramafic (magmatic)
Sub type1:
Contact-type PGE
Sub type2:
Comments:
Evidences of extensive fluid activity resulted in Norilsk PGE-grade massive sulphides in places.
References:
2
Dimension
Expression:
exposed
Area (ha):
Form:
concordant
Dip azim:
11
Shape:
tabular
Dip:
30
Length (m):
700
Plunge azim:
Width (m):
Thickness (m):
Plunge dip:
3
Orientation method:
Depth (m):
1
NA
Total Resource
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 2 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Holder history
Current holder:
Gold Fields Arctic Platinum Oy
Years:
Holding type:
Company
Mining concession (old law)
Years
Holding type
2
Comments
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 3 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Exploration Activity
Gold Fields Arctic Platinum Oy
Years
Activity type
Geologist
Exploration result
2003-2003
subsurface exploration
Mike Botha, Juha Rissanen
NA
Ref
3
Arctic Platinum Partnership Ay
Years
Activity type
Geologist
Exploration result
2000-2003
2000-2003
2000-2003
2000-2003
regional geophysics
subsurface exploration
mining pilot
detailed geophysics
Mike Botha
Mike Botha
Mike Botha
Mike Botha
NA
NA
NA
NA
Years
Activity type
Geologist
Exploration result
1986-1999
core drilling
Ref
3
3
3
3
Outokumpu Oy
Comments:
Jarmo Lahtinen, Markku
NA
Iljina
Core drilling (reconnaissance drilling): in 1986 12 holes, ca. 1500 m; in 1995, 6 holes, ca. 750 m.
Ref
1
Intersections:
HoleID:
From-To:
copper
From-To:
copper
1986-1999
detailed geophysics
1986-1999
subsurface exploration
Length:
0.90
Length:
0.40
0.72 %
0.50 %
Jarmo Lahtinen, Markku
Iljina
Jarmo Lahtinen, Markku
Iljina
3
NA
1
NA
1
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 4 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Resources and Reserves
Most Recent:
Type:
Company:
Year:
Calc method:
Reference:
Resource
North American Palladium
2006
NI 43-101
9
Ltd
Category:
Measured, indicated and inferred mineral
Tonnage:
187.77 Mt
Tonnage:
38.20 Mt
Tonnage:
114.82 Mt
Tonnage:
34.76 Mt
resource
gold
0.10 ppm
copper
0.18 %
palladium
0.83 ppm
nickel
0.07 %
platinum group metal
1.00 ppm
platinum
0.17 ppm
Cutoff:
Category:
1.00 ppm
palladium
Measured mineral resource
nickel
0.06 %
copper
0.16 %
palladium
0.71 ppm
platinum
0.14 ppm
gold
0.09 ppm
Cutoff:
Category:
1.00 ppm
palladium
Indicated mineral resource
copper
0.18 ppm
nickel
0.07 %
platinum
0.18 ppm
gold
0.10 ppm
palladium
0.85 ppm
Cutoff:
Category:
1.00 ppm
palladium
Inferred mineral resource
platinum
0.19 ppm
gold
0.10 ppm
nickel
0.07 ppm
copper
0.17 ppm
palladium
0.87 ppm
Cutoff:
1.00 ppm
palladium
Previous calculations:
Type:
Company:
Year:
Calc method:
Reference:
Resource
Geological Survey of
2005
NA
3
Finland
4
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 5 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
NA
Category:
Tonnage:
nickel
0.90 %
palladium
5.04 ppm
copper
0.80 %
gold
0.19 ppm
platinum
0.69 ppm
Cutoff:
1.80 Mt
NA
Type:
Company:
Year:
Calc method:
Reference:
Resource
Outokumpu Oy
1986
Non-compliant resource estimate
1
NA
Category:
Tonnage:
nickel
1.12 %
palladium
6.40 ppm
copper
0.90 %
gold
0.20 ppm
platinum
0.87 ppm
Cutoff:
NA
5
1.30 Mt
Mineral Deposit Report
Geological Survey of Finland
Page 6 OF 13
9/29/2015
Figures
Structural interpretation of the Portimo Complex.
Geological map of the Suhanko and Konttijärvi area.
6
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 7 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Mining
Ahmavaara
Alternative names:
Status:
Feasibility
Previous status:
Test mining
2004 - 2004
Operating years:
Years in production:
1
0.00 t
Total ore mined:
References:
Total production:
Product
Product measure
Mining activity
Year
2004
Ore mined
Ore processed
Activity type
Production
open-pit mining
7
Other material
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 8 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Geology
Host rock
:
Pyroxenite (s.s.), Amphibolite, Gabbronorite, Serpentinite
Wall rock
:
Gabbro, Quartz diorite
Serpentinite (Host rock)
Rock Type:
Metamorphic rock (Igneous protolith-composition-texture)
Proportion:
major
Grain size:
NA
Color:
NA
References:
2
Comments:
Olivine cumulate. Totally altered peridotite.
Other Minerals:
Proportion:
Chlorite
present
Amphibole
present
Plagioclase
present
Mineral texture:
Ore Minerals:
Proportion:
Pyrrhotite
major
Chalcopyrite
major
Pentlandite
major
Pyrite
minor
Molybdenite
minor
Chromite
minor
Magnetite
minor
Galena
minor
Sphalerite
minor
Hessite
minor
Naumannite
minor
Argentopentlandite
present
Mineral texture:
Metamorphic description:
Type:
Regional
Facies:
greenschist
metamorphic
facies
Grade:
medium
metamorphic
grade
Relation to
mineralization:
NA
8
Min P- Max P
(kbar)
Min T- Max T (°C)
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 9 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Geological age:
Geological era:
Paleoproterozoic
(2500-1600 Ma)
Max age - Min
age (Ma)
2500 2000
Inferred age
(Ma)
Age of
mineralization
N
Amphibolite (Host rock)
Rock Type:
Metamorphic rock (Unknown protolith or undefined)
Proportion:
major
Grain size:
NA
Color:
NA
References:
2
Comments:
Totally altered pyroxene cumulate.
Metamorphic description:
Type:
Facies:
Grade:
Regional
greenschist
metamorphic
facies
medium
metamorphic
grade
Relation to
mineralization:
NA
Min P- Max P
(kbar)
Geological age:
Geological era:
Paleoproterozoic
(2500-1600 Ma)
Max age - Min
age (Ma)
2500 2000
Inferred age
(Ma)
Age of
mineralization
N
Pyroxenite (s.s.) (Host rock)
Rock Type:
Plutonic rock
Proportion:
major
Grain size:
NA
Color:
NA
References:
1,2,3,6
9
Min T- Max T (°C)
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 10 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Deposit represents 'contact style' sulphide-PGE mineralization. Two principal types. (i)
Comments:
Disseminated pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pentlandite ore hosted by the marginal series
lithologies. (ii) Cross-cutting massive, mainly pyrrhotite dominated sulphide veins.
Other Minerals:
Proportion:
Chlorite
present
Amphibole
present
Plagioclase
present
Mineral texture:
Ore Minerals:
Proportion:
Mineral texture:
Pyrrhotite
major
Dissemination, Vein
Chalcopyrite
major
Dissemination
Pentlandite
major
Dissemination
Pyrite
minor
Molybdenite
minor
Chromite
minor
Magnetite
minor
Galena
minor
Sphalerite
minor
Hessite
minor
Naumannite
minor
Argentopentlandite
present
Structures:
Veined
Metamorphic description:
Type:
Regional
Facies:
greenschist
metamorphic
facies
Relation to
Grade:
medium
metamorphic
grade
mineralization:
NA
Min P- Max P
(kbar)
Geological age:
Geological era:
Paleoproterozoic
(2500-1600 Ma)
Max age - Min
age (Ma)
2500 2000
Inferred age
(Ma)
Age of
mineralization
N
10
Min T- Max T (°C)
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 11 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Gabbronorite (Host rock)
Rock Type:
Plutonic rock
Proportion:
major
Grain size:
NA
Color:
NA
References:
Gabbro (Wall rock)
Rock Type:
Plutonic rock
Proportion:
major
Grain size:
NA
Color:
NA
References:
2
Comments:
Originally plagioclase-pyroxene cumulate.
Metamorphic description:
Type:
Regional
Facies:
greenschist
metamorphic
facies
Grade:
medium
metamorphic
grade
Relation to
mineralization:
NA
11
Min P- Max P
(kbar)
Min T- Max T (°C)
Mineral Deposit Report
Page 12 OF 13
Geological Survey of Finland
9/29/2015
Geological age:
Geological era:
Max age - Min
age (Ma)
2500 2000
Paleoproterozoic
(2500-1600 Ma)
Inferred age
(Ma)
Age of
mineralization
N
Quartz diorite (Wall rock)
Rock Type:
Plutonic rock
Proportion:
minor
Grain size:
NA
Color:
NA
References:
2
Comments:
Archean basement complex.
Metamorphic description:
Type:
Facies:
Grade:
Regional
greenschist
metamorphic
facies
medium
metamorphic
grade
Relation to
mineralization:
NA
Min P- Max P
(kbar)
Geological age:
Geological era:
Paleoproterozoic
(2500-1600 Ma)
Max age - Min
age (Ma)
2500 2000
Inferred age
(Ma)
Age of
mineralization
N
12
Min T- Max T (°C)
Mineral Deposit Report
Geological Survey of Finland
Page 13 OF 13
9/29/2015
References
1
Lahtinen, J. 1986. Ni-Cu-PGE-mineralisaation tutkimukset; arvio malmimahdollisuuksista. Ranua, Ahmavaara.
Outokumpu Oy unpublished report, 001/3522/JJL/87/1.
http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/001_3522_jjl_87_1.pdf
2
Iljina, M. 1994. The Portimo Layered Igneous Complex - with emphasis on diverse sulphide and platinum-group
element deposits. Acta Univ. Oul. A258, 1994.
3
Iljina, M. 2005. Portimo Layered Igneous Complex. in Alapieti, T. and Kärki, A. (Eds), 10th International
Platinum Symposium. Field Trip Guidebook. Geological Survey of Finland, Guide 51a, 77¿100.
http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/opas/op_051a.pdf
4
Iljina, M. and Lee, C. 2005. PGE deposits in the marginal series of layered intrusions. in Mungall, J. (ed.).
Exploration for Platinum-Group Element deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series,
vol. 34, pp 75-96.
http://tupa.gtk.fi/valokuva/mineraalivara/References/16_Konttijärvi/Iljina%20and%20Lee.pdf
5
Lahtinen, J. 1995. Mineral resource estimate of the Ahmavaara nickel-copper-PGE deposit, Ranua, Northern
Finland. Outokumpu Oy unpublished report, 035/3522/JJL/95.
6
Lamberg, P. ja Sotka, P. 1990. Mineraloginen tutkimus Ahmavaaran Ni-PGE-mineralisaatiosta - Suhangon
kerrosintruusion reunasarjan sulfidirikkaat kerrokset. Outokumpu Oy unpublished report, 073/Ahmavaara,
Ni-PGE/PPL,PMS/90.
7
Iljina, M. 2008. Day 1: The Suhanko-PGE prospect and the Portimo Layered Intrusion. in Ojala, J. and Iljina, M.,
(eds.) Metallogeny and tectonic evolution of the Northern Fennoscandian Shield : field trip guidebook. 33 IGC
excursion No 15, August 15th ¿ 21st 2008.
http://tupa.gtk.fi/valokuva/mineraalivara/References/9_Vaaralampi/No 15 Metallogeny Northern
Fennoscandia.pdf
8
Lahtinen, J., 1991. Suhangon-Konttijärven kerrosintruusion sekä lähiympäristön platinaetsinnöistä.
001/3522,3524,3613/JJL/91
http://tupa.gtk.fi/valokuva/mineraalivara/References/9_Vaaralampi/001_3522_3524_3613_JJL_91.pdf
9
Puritch, E., Ewert, W., Brown, F.H., Rickard, J. and King, D., 2007. Technical report, mineral resource estimate,
and preliminary economic assessment (scoping study) of the Suhanko project northern finland. For North
American Palladium Ltd by Aker Kvaerner, P&E mining consultants inc., and F.H. Brown. NI-43-101 &
43-101F1 Technical Report No 135.
http://tupa.gtk.fi/valokuva/mineraalivara/References/16_Konttijärvi/Purich et al 2007
Suhanko_scoping_study_311007.pdf
10
Iljina, M., Maier, W. D. & Karinen, T. 2015. PGE-(Cu-Ni) deposits of the Tornio-Näränkävaara belt of intrusions
(Portimo, Penikat, and Koillismaa). In: Maier, W.D., Lahtinen, R. & O'Brien, H. (eds) Mineral deposits of Finland.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 133-164.
http://tupa.gtk.fi/valokuva/mineraalivara/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012410438900005
4
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