1. No category

Wood chips and pellets utilization tendency in
bioenergy production in Finland, Sweden and
some other European countries 2000-2016
Research Scientist Dr. Johanna Routa, Natural
Resources Institute Finland
Barents Forest Forum, September 17-18, 2015,
Joensuu Science Park, Joensuu, Finland
1
Teppo Tutkija
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Content:
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Total Energy use
Forest chips
Solid wood fuel
Pellets
Energy Peat
Conclusions
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Total energy use in Finland (source: Statistics Finland)
100 %
90 %
80 %
70 %
other
60 %
wood ‐based fuels
50 %
peat
hydro and wind power
40 %
imported electricity
nuclear power
30 %
natural gas
20 %
coal
10 %
oil
0 %
Renewables
32%
Peat 5%
Nuclear 18%
Source: Statistics Finland
Fossil fuels 40%
Other 5%
3
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Energy prices in Finland (source: Statistics Finland)
50
45
Price €/MWh
40
35
30
Peat
Forest chips
25
Coal
20
Gas
15
10
5
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
4
Source: Statistics Finland
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Use of forest chips in Finland
€/t
230
220
210
200
190
180
Price of
coal €/t
2011
milj. m3
2012
2013
Year
2014
€/MWh
25
12
Small houses
10
20
Powerplants
8
15
Price
6
10
4
5
2
0
0
* estimate
5
Source: Luke
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Anttila et al.
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In EU-area Finland and Sweden are the biggest users of
Forest chips.
In Sweden the use of forest chips was around 7 million cubic
meters in 2014
In Sweden the same problems occurs than in Finland , price
of coal…
Competitiveness of forest chips has to increase, that use of
forest chips can continue increasing
The raw material base is different between Finland and
Sweden
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
10
Finland
9
8
Small scale housing
6
Stumps
5
Defect round wood
4
Small trees
3
Logging residues
2
1
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
10
Sweden
9
8
7
Milj. m3
Milj.m3
7
6
Stumps
5
Defect round wood
4
Small trees
3
Logging residues
2
1
0
2009
7
2010
2011
2012
Source: Luke, & Skogforsk
2013
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Solid wood fuel consumption in heating and power
plants in Finland and Sweden
TWh
50
45
40
35
Other
Industrial chips
30
sawdust
Bark
25
Stumps
20
Defect round wood
Small trees
15
Logging residues
10
5
0
Sweden
Finland
Source: Luke, & Skogforsk
8
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Use of Pellets in Finland
1000 t
400
350
300
Domestic production
250
Domestic
consumption
200
150
100
50
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* 2016*
9
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© Luonnonvarakeskus
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With a consumption of about 17.5 million tonnes of pellets in 2013,
the EU is already the world’s largest wood pellets market.
The EU-28 is the large global producer of wood pellets; 13.3 million
tonnes in 2014
It is also a net importer of wood pellets import from non-EU Member
States was 6.55 million tonnes
25
EU-28
20
million tonnes
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15
Production
Consumption
10
5
0
2007
10
2008
Source: AEBIOM, GTIS, Luke
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 2014* 2015*
© Luonnonvarakeskus
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Germany produced 2.4 million tonnes of pellets 2014, and
Sweden 1.4 million tonnes.
Main pellet producers
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Million tonnes
* Estimation
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 2014*
Germany
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
Sweden
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
France
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.2
Latvia
0.5
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
Austria
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Portugal
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Poland
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
Production capacity of eastern European pellet industry is
raising by almost 2 million tonnes per year by the beginning of
next year
Source: AEBIOM, GTIS, Luke
11
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Main pellet consumers
2009
UK
0.2
Italy
0.85
Denmark
1.4
Germany
1.1
Sweden
1.92
France
0.3
Austria
0.55
Belgium
0.92
Netherlands
0.9
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2010
0.176
0.58
1.6
1.2
2.28
0.4
0.66
0.92
0.913
Million tonnes
2011
2012
1
1.4
1.5
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.7
1.88
1.7
0.55
0.6
0.72
0.785
1.2
1.7
1
1.25
2013 2014*
3.8
2.5
2.3
2
1.9
0.89
0.9
0.8
0.5
*
Estimation
5
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.1
1
0.5
0.5
The United Kingdom had the highest level of wood pellet
imports
Imported pellets to EU-28 comes mainly from North America
Source: AEBIOM, GTIS, Luke
12
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
International production of energy peat 2013
Finland
Denmark
Ireland
Estonia
Latvia
Russia
Sweden
Ukraina
Others
Belarus
9%
23 %
19 %
9%
10 %
5%
21 %
4%
13
Source:U.S. Geological Survey, Peat 2013
(Minerals Yearbook)
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Energy peat in Finland
100
90
80
70
PJ
60
Production
50
Consumption
40
30
20
10
0
2009
14
2010
Source: Luke & Bioenergia Ry
2011
2012
2013
15.9.2015
2014
2015*
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Conclusions:
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Finnish targets (2020) to use of renewables will be achieved,
use of industrial by-products will increase
In Finland the target of using forest chips has been set to 25
TWh = 13.5milj.m3 wood
It is possible to achieve, we have enough potential, but..
The price competitiveness of forest chips will be the
determining issue of utilization level
- efficiency in supply chains has to improved
- quality issues should be adressed
Use of pellets will increase in Finland
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
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Growing stock volume in European countries are increasing
4000
Growing stock volume
3500
3000
milj. m3
2500
2002
2000
2014
1500
1000
500
0
Finland
16
Source:Luke
Germany
Latvia
Sweden
15.9.2015
Spain
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Kiitos!
17
15.9.2015
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Teppo Tutkija
15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus