Remove this Foil Prior to Customer or Fellow Traveler Discussion
IMPORTANT: The “optimization notice” slide MUST be included in ANY
presentation which discusses in any form the following:
Any mention of Intel compilers, libraries or Intel products containing Intel compilers or libraries.
Note that libraries include, but are NOT limited to, the Intel® Threading Building Blocks (Intel®
TBB), Intel® Math Kernel Library (Intel® MKL), Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives (Intel®
IPP), Intel® Media SDK and Intel® MPI Library.
Performance of compiled code, including benchmarks, when Intel compilers or libraries were
involved.
When in doubt, include the “optimization notice” slide.
This applies to any presentation in which Intel is involved. This means any presentation in which
is completely or partially created by, or presented by, Intel.
Do not change the text in a disclaimer.
You may refer any questions regarding this to Intel Legal, or Intel SSG software development
products marketing. As of March 2014, James Reinders (Intel SSG DPD) and Mike Sirtori (Intel
Legal) are key contacts who will know how to help with an inquiry.
1
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Remove this Foil Prior to Customer or Fellow Traveler Discussion
PowerPoint Quick Tips
This presentation template requires that the Intel
Clear font be installed.


Get it by downloading the DPD presentation template
located in the DPD sharepoint. This file contains 16x9 and
4x3 wide DPD templates and the Intel Clear fonts.
How to add the date and presentation footer

Here is how to access the footer


To install the fonts, go into the IntelClear_TTF folder, select
all six fonts in the folder, right click on the selection and
choose ‘Install fonts’
To make this your default PowerPoint template
PowerPoint 2007 & 2010: Insert > Header&Footer
Here are the recommended text for nonpublic foils in the
footer:

Intel Confidential – NDA presentation; presentation
contains Intel confidential information presented to
customers with a non-disclosure agreement.

Intel Internal Use Only – Do Not Distribute - Material is not
intended to be distributed outside of Intel

Click the ‘File’ Tab and choose ‘Save As’

Set the filename to ‘blank’
To share presentations externally, save the
presentation as a PDF.

Set “Save as type’ to ‘PowerPoint Template (*.potx)


Press the ‘Save’ button.

If it asks if you want to replace the file ‘blank.potx’, say ‘Yes’.
Do this by choosing File>Save As>Select PDF in the ‘Save As
Type’ dropdown and click ok
More helpful Quick Tips for PowerPoint are at the end
of this document.
2
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
DPD Presentation Cover Sheet - Include this slide at start of all presentations to
DPD Staff including DPD Staff Meeting, SRD and BRCs
Presentation Summary
Topic
What is the topic of today’s presentation?
What is the purpose of this presentation? Inform, Decision, Discussion, other?
Purpose
Desired Outcome
Briefly describe the high level summary of the content to be presented; 1-2 sentences only. Include the desired outcome. If the purpose is a decision,
include the high level recommendation as well
Instructions:
Complete the appropriate sections of the cover sheet, removing the existing text to make room for your info. Note: If no
Name of Person(s) (hint: remove the text below)
Status/Notes
decision is needed, the RAPID section does not apply and can be left blank or deleted, same goes for the Communication Plan.
RAPID Decision-Making Template
Role
Recommender
Individual who leads process to develop recommendation, doing majority of analysis and makes the proposal
Usage:
Typical answer is NA, used only in extraordinary circumstance. Strictly limited to regulatory bodies like finance and legal,
or toslide
P&L owners
by a decision.
• Present this
firstmaterially
duringimpacted
all SRD,
BRC, DPD Staff Ops Reviews, F2F and Staff meetings (other forums may use it too).
• Discussion is an expected and valued part of your presentation time. Include only an appropriate number of slides that
Individual accountable for implementing the decision, e.g. a project manager
Performer
allow sufficient
time for discussion
Name
of
individual(s)
or body who ask for decision, provide
to recommendation
on datadecisions,
about the issue and
Inputer
• Expect to end
your
presentation/discussion
withinput
time
remainingbased
to recap
ARs and communication plans, and to
proposed solutions. People who need to be consulted before the decision is made
ensure we end the meeting on time (about 10 min for a 60 min timeslot).
Agreer
Decider
Name of individual who is empowered to make decision. Accountable for the decision once made
Communication Plan
Who owns communicating the decision?
Method of communication (e.g. email, presentation, pass downs)
Date by which communication will be complete
Audience (e.g. forum, PDL, list of names)
3
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Intel® Energy Profiler power analysis training
Agenda
• Introduction to SocWatch and the Intel® Energy Profiler
• Processor power states
• Intel® Energy Profiler power data collection techniques
• Optimizing for power
• Deep dive into power analysis
5
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Introduction to SocWatch and the Intel® Energy
Profiler
SoC Watch & Intel® Energy Profiler
SoC Watch collects platform power-relevant metrics
 Sleep state residencies, energy, thermals, idle/wakeup analysis, timer
resolution change, bandwidth, etc.
 Command-line tool with text output
Energy Profiler provides correlated views of these metrics
 Feature of VTune® Amplifier for Systems included in Intel System
Studio
Support
 Platforms:
No extra H/W needed during collection
Intel Confidential
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10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
7
SoC Watch Usage Overview
• Command line tool for collection/reporting
• Generates CSV-formatted reports
• Select metrics in groups or individually
• Available metrics vary per platform
 If some requested metrics are not available on a platform, tool collects what is available
& warns about what is not
Intel Confidential
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
8
Quick Start – Collect
Collect data:
socwatch –t 60 –f sys –m –o myResults
 Collects broad range of system metrics for 60 seconds,
storing results in files with base name myResults
 Gather most detailed data with –m
 Specify 60 seconds via –t 60
 Specify system metrics via –f sys
Intel Confidential
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
9
Quick Start - Results
View summary resu
Results in myResults.csv
Summary report
samples
Intel Confidential
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10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
10
Quick Start - Results
You can also view data on temperature and D-states
Intel Confidential
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
11
Quick Start - Results
NDA required – GPU and bandwidth data
Intel Confidential
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10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
12
Quick Start – Detailed Analysis
Produce detailed results files:
socwatch –r raw -m –f sys –o test1
 Specify that we want to produce a txt file using the
qualfier –r raw
 Specify max detail using –m
On host process the file using the following command.
socwatch_advanced_v1_4.py -f test1.txt
–csv –o test_summary
Intel Confidential
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10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
13
Quick Start – Detailed Results
Find CPU wakeup and idle analysis in test_summary.csv
Detailed
text report
samples
Intel Confidential
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
14
Data Collection Model (THIS PAGE IS WIP)
SoC Watch reports data
 H/W Sources
 Designated registers (MSR, IOSF sideband), MMIO, VISA
 Read at OS context switch points (no added wakeu
Low overhead, generally < 2%
 No extra wakeups when reading H/W data
 Analysis done after collection ends
Results corroborated by data collected using external H/W measuring device (NiDAQ)
Intel Confidential
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
10/25/2014
Optimization Notice
15
Processor power states
CPU C-States / P-States
 P0 - CPU active at highest frequency (HFM)
C0
Power
Higher
 C0 - CPU active (In any P-state)
C1
C2
P0 CPU
P1 Active
Pn
CPU
Sleep
 C1 - Core clock is Off
C3
 C3/C4 - Reduced Voltage, Partial L2 cache flush
C4
 C6 - Core Off, L2 cache flush, state saved to SRAM
C5
C6
Intel Confidential
The deeper the sleep state
more power saving
but longer to wake up
17
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Latency
Greater
 Pn - CPU active at lowest frequency (LFM)
CPU Sleep States
Flexible C-States to Select Idle Power Level vs. Responsiveness
Active state
C0
C1
C3
C4
C6
off
off
off
off
off
off
off
flushed
flushed
off
partial flush
off
Core voltage*
Core clock
PLL
L1 caches
L2 cache
Wakeup time*
active
Idle power*
* Rough approximation
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Selecting the right sleep state
Breakeven for
current state
Cx Sleep Duration
Next deeper sleep
state
C(x+1) BreakEven
Clock Ticks
Cx BreakEven
Current state
selected by OS
Wasted-Power
Good Decision
Opportunity
10/25/2014
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
19
Optimization Notice
Processor Power and Processor Frequency
Power vs. Frequency Curve for Single Architecture
359
309
Power (w)
259
209
Small Increases in Processor Speed
Results in Large Increases in Power
159
109
59
9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Frequency (GHz)
20
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names
and brands
may be
claimed
as the property
of others.
Copyright
© 2004
Intel
Corporation.
All rights
reserved.
2.5
Optimization Notice
3
3.5
Components of power analysis
Idle vs. Active

Do nothing efficiently

Hurry up and get idle.
e.g. Multi-threading (distributing work evenly across cores)
Optimize Sleep Behavior

Minimize sporadic wakeups.

Schedule all periodic activities from the app into same wakeup period.

What is waking h/w from low power states? Why?
Optimize Utilization

What is active? Why is it active?

Minimize Polling Loops. Use event driven framework when possible.

Turn devices off. Open devices can prevent the system from entering power saving state.
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Why Minimize Wakeups?
Long uninterrupted
Idle period, is the key
Consolidate
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
Platform Power
Frequency of software
activity makes big
difference
Solid Activity
Fragmented Activity
0%
2%
4%
6%
CPU Utilization
8%
22
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
10%
Types of Analysis
Expert analysis of results
Comparison of results by non-experts
Focus on area of expertise:
Look for differences:
• Wakeup frequency
• P/C state changes
• etc…
Two flavors of SoCWatch use cases:
• A specific SoC device
• A specific driver module
• A specific application
• etc…
Best to have a baseline for comparison in all cases
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Power Analysis with VTune™
Amplifier for Systems
24
Intel® VTune™ Amplifier
Tune Applications for Power Performance
Power Analysis
 Analyze the behaviors that potentially cause unnecessary power consumption. This
analysis type collects platform-wide information that can be used to find and eliminate
unnecessary power consumption .
Collection methods for Android
 Socwatch

Baytrail, Haswell, Merrified, Moorefield
 Wuwatch

Medfield and Clovertrail+
10/25/2014
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25
Optimization Notice
Summary View
10/25/2014
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
26
Optimization Notice
C/P States Tab
10/25/2014
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27
Optimization Notice
C - states
10/25/2014
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28
Optimization Notice
Analyze Wakeups
Find dominant
wakeups
Intel Confidential
29
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
What C-State residency numbers tell you
Residency in the deepest C-state should be >95% @ idle
If you see high residency in C0 state
 CPU is executing instruction
 Next Step: Active Analysis
If you see high residency in the intermediate C-states
 Frequent active/idle transition is keeping CPU from entering deepest
C-state. Possible causes are:
 Application scheduling periodic timer with short period activity
 Application waits for interrupts (from device, IPI) very frequently
30
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Component Device States
Find Components Wasting Power
Intel Device States:
 DOi0 = On
 DOi1-DOi2 = Intermediate
 D0i3 = Off
Find:
Which Devices are on/off?
•
•
For this MP3 Playing
video encoder is not used?
When they got turned on/off?
•
•
When a device is not in use…
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
31
Optimization Notice
Find Android WakeLock
keeping the system from sleeping
Class Overview
 Class lets you say that you need to have the device on.
 Call release when you are done and don't need the lock anymore.
 Do not acquire WakeLocks unless you really need them, use the minimum
levels possible, and be sure to release it as soon as you can.
Android APP API
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/PowerManager.WakeLock.html
32
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Correlate Metrics
to find patterns
See all the metrics at once
Find patterns
Find the cause
33
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Potential Collections
Depends on the SoC
 C-States
 P-States (CPU frequency)
 SOi States (System State)
 Android Wakelocks
 Temperature (Core, Skin, SoC, PMIC)
 S(outh) C(luster) Device States
 N(orth) C(luster) Device States
34
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Example Command Line Usage
./socwatch –f sys –f wakelocks –t 10
 -f sys
 -t 10
// collects all metrics
// defines duration of collection
 Snapshots , Traces PStates for 10 seconds, create default SocWatchOutput files
Import into VTune on Host via:
adb pull <path-on-target>/SocWatchtOutput.sw1
amplxe-runss --import-socwatch-data ./SocWatchOutput.sw1
More details in SoCWatchForAndroid_v1_3_0.pdf
35
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Wuwatch 3.1 Collection Usage
In adb root shell on target device:
 Get Help
>./wuwatch --help
 Execute wuwatch command on Android target
>./wuwatch -cs –ps –kb –ss –ds -dn -wl -t 60 –o /data/results/test
 Execute Benchmark (usually via Android UI)
Import into VTune Amplifier GUI
 adb pull /data/wuwatch/results/test.ww1
 amplxe-runss --import-socwatch-data ./test.ww1 [-r testresults]
More details in WakeUpWatchForAndroid.pdf
36
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Power Analysis Use Cases
37
Use cases: Idle
Comparison of system running at Idle with a system running at idle without the
ability to go to sleep.
10/25/2014
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38
Optimization Notice
Use cases: Idle
Percentage of time in C6
 Core 1: 62.7%
 Core 0: 63.3%
Reasons for waking up

Kernel Timer: 4347

User Timer: 4120

IRQ 46: 570

IRQ 93: 557
Frequency is almost 100% at .8 GHz
10/25/2014
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39
Optimization Notice
Use case: Idle – No sleep
If we don’t sleep we
will not get good
battery performance
Minimizing wakeups is critical
but it is important to remember
that if the system is not going
to sleep in the first place you
won’t see the wakeups!
We have forced the
target to never
sleep!
10/25/2014
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40
Optimization Notice
Use case: Video playback
1080p playback
10/25/2014
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41
Optimization Notice
Use Case: Video playback
Percentage of time in C6
 Core 1: 2.4%
 Core 0: 2.7%
Reasons for waking up

Kernel Timer: 1421

User Timer: 630

IRQ 46: 111

IRQ 93: 906
Frequency almost 58.9% at 2 GHz
42
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Use case: Video playback
Video starts here,
you can filter and
only see wakeups
during playback.
Most of the
time we spend
in C0 during
video
playback.
10/25/2014
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
43
Optimization Notice
Use case: Android Workload Suite (AWS) - Fish tank test
Percentage of time in C6
 Core 1: 47%
 Core 0: 48%
Reasons for waking up

Kernel Timer: 4347

User Timer: 4120

IRQ 46: 570

IRQ 93: 557
10/25/2014
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44
Optimization Notice
Use case: AWS Fish tank test
The Browser is
actively drawing fish
only in the light
green region.
Otherwise the
frequency drops
and we have a
regular periods
where the
processor is in
C6.
10/25/2014
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45
Optimization Notice
Use Case: AWS An3DBenchXL
Dragon
Flowers
Walking
Man
10/25/2014
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46
Optimization Notice
Use Case: AWS An3DBenchXL
Compare OpenGL ES 1.1 with ES 2.0
10/25/2014
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47
Optimization Notice
Use Case: Audio playback
Mp3 Audio playback scenario
Initial view
Filtered and zoomed
Freq = 47ms
VTune Amplifier can help find causes for wakeups and their frequencies
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Use Case: Audio playback
Audio playback –Another scenario
mp3-nousb-screen-off
150 wakeups/sec
mp3-screen-off
197 wakeups/sec
With no usb connection intel_pmu_driver can put platform in s0i3 state
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Expert Analysis
Video Recording on CLT+ - Summary
Check if these are within expected range are not
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Use Case: Video recording
Video Recording on CLT+ - Display Driver
Filter+Zoom
Wakeups
Why is display driver waking up both the CPUs ?
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons/Regression Tests
VTune Amplifier Views
WAKEUPS
C6 Residency
Pn Residency
Wakelocks
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Native Video Playback vs 3rd Party Application
Native Video Playback
3rd Party Application
Which is “Better”?
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Native Video Playback vs 3rd Party Application
Native Video Playback
3rd Party Application
Which is “Better”?
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Native Video Playback vs 3rd Party Application
Native Video Playback
3rd Party Application
Much more time spent in C0 for the 3rd part application
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Adding a new Kernel Driver
Idle Workload
Note the Wake-up Counts
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Adding a new Kernel Driver
New Driver
Note the Wake-up Counts
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Adding a new Kernel Driver
Reduce the kernel logging (printk) in driver
void my_timer_callback( unsigned long data )
{
int i,j,ret;
for (i=0;i<5000000;i++) {
for (j=0;j<5000000;j++) {
sum=sum+i;
printk( "my_timer_callback called %d\n", count );
}}
// setup the timer again to fire 500ms
if (count <50) {
setup_timer( &my_timer, my_timer_callback, 0 );
ret = mod_timer( &my_timer, jiffies +
msecs_to_jiffies(500) );
if (ret) printk("Error in
my_timer_callback\n");
count++;
}
}
void my_timer_callback( unsigned long data )
{
int i,j,ret;
for (i=0;i<5000000;i++) {
for (j=0;j<5000000;j++) {
sum=sum+i;
//printk( "my_timer_callback called %d\n", count );
}}
// setup the timer again to fire 500ms
if (count <50) {
setup_timer( &my_timer, my_timer_callback, 0 );
ret = mod_timer( &my_timer, jiffies +
msecs_to_jiffies(500) );
if (ret) printk("Error in my_timer_callback\n");
count++;
}
else {
printk( "callback called %d times\n",count);
}
}
VTune Amplifier Comparison Feature
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
Comparisons
Adding a new Kernel Driver
Reduce the kernel logging (printk) in driver
Reduced total C0 time
VTune Amplifier Comparison Feature
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Optimization Notice
References
https://lesswatts.org
10/25/2014
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60
Optimization Notice
Legal Disclaimer & Optimization Notice
INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO
ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND
INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO THIS INFORMATION INCLUDING LIABILITY OR
WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT,
COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors.
Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software,
operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other
information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of
that product when combined with other products.
Copyright © 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel, Pentium, Xeon, Xeon Phi, Core, VTune, Cilk, and the Intel logo are
trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
Optimization Notice
Intel’s compilers may or may not optimize to the same degree for non-Intel microprocessors for optimizations that are not unique to Intel
microprocessors. These optimizations include SSE2, SSE3, and SSSE3 instruction sets and other optimizations. Intel does not guarantee the
availability, functionality, or effectiveness of any optimization on microprocessors not manufactured by Intel. Microprocessor-dependent
optimizations in this product are intended for use with Intel microprocessors. Certain optimizations not specific to Intel microarchitecture
are reserved for Intel microprocessors. Please refer to the applicable product User and Reference Guides for more information regarding the
specific instruction sets covered by this notice.
Notice revision #20110804
61
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Optimization Notice