Document 375904
Signal'Out'of'Noise'in'Digital' Circuits' ' Op5mized'Code'Table'Signaling Presented(to(the(RTCM/CIRM(2014( ( Lou(Halperin(BSEE,(MSEE( Chief(MarkeBng(Officer( OptCTS,(Inc.( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 1( Op5mized'Code'Table'Signaling'(OCTS) • IntroducBon( • Framework(for(OCTS( • Defining(OCTS( • ApplicaBons(for(OCTS( • LimitaBons(of(OCTS( • Summary( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 2( Introduc5on More%Data%….%Less%Noise% ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 3( Radio'Cannot'Work'Everywhere,'All' the'Time • Barriers(to(Radio(OperaBon( • Distance( • Interference( • Noise( • ConfiguraBon( • OperaBon(Enhancements( • Power( • Frequency(ShiT( • ModulaBon(VariaBon( • Antenna(Design( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 4( Op#mized)Code)Table)Signaling)(OCTS))is)a) new)technology)that)may)increase)data)flow) in)noisy)signal)environments)as)an)addi#ve) solu#on;)e.g.)OCTS)works)with)exis#ng)error) correc#on)and)noise)suppression) technologies. ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 5( Benefits'of'OCTS • Consistent(data(throughput,(especially(in(the( presence(of(noise( • Enhanced(“Quality(of(Service”(than(tradiBonal( approaches( • Less(complex(“Endpoint(AuthenBcaBon”(than( tradiBonal(approaches( • Naturally(resilient(against(unwanted(data(sniffing/ observaBon( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 6( Framework'for'OCTS More%Data%….%Less%Noise% ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 7( Communica5ons'Framework'for'OCTS • Bound(and(Unbound(Signals( • Analog(or(Digital(Data(Transmission( • Complements(Most(ModulaBon(Schemes(on(a(Carrier( • Works(with(ExisBng(Error(CorrecBon,(Noise(Suppression,( and(EncrypBon(Technologies( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 8( OCTS'in'the'Physical'Circuit • An(OCTS(Signal(ConfiguraBon(Module((SCM)(is(Required(for( Transmit((Tx)(and(Receive((Rx)( • Tx(Module(is(between(Binary(Bit(Stream(and(Tx(Modulator( • Rx(Module(is(between(Rx(Modulator(and(Binary(Bit(Stream(( Signal( GeneraBon( Processes( Binary( Bit( Stream( OCTS( SCM( MulBa Value( Signal( Transmission( Medium( MulBa( Value( Signal( OCTS( SCM( Binary( Bit( Stream( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( Signal( Receive( Processes( 9( Noise,'Interference'&'Errors • Noise(Tolerant(Performance( • Noise(is(present(in(all(communicaBon(channel(types( • Generated(by(atmospheric,(thermal,(vibraBonal,(heat,( physical,(staBc(or(other(internal(source( • Improvement(is(independent(of(source( • Reduced(SuscepBbility(to(Interference( • Environmental(a(Crossatalk,(CongesBon,(Channel(‘bleeda over’…(( • IntenBonal(–(jamming(to(inhibit(or(prevent(successful( transmission( • ReducBon(in(Error(Rates(for(Transmissions( • Fewer(retransmissions(of(data( • Less(power(consumed( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 10( Signal'to'Noise'Ra5o • Signal(to(Noise(RaBo((SNR)(is(Key(Measure(for( Performance( • Applicable(to(all(communicaBon(channels( • Expressed(in(two(forms(( • A(raBo(of(Signal(to(Noise;(i.e.(1:1,(2:1,(10:1,(etc.( • In(Decibels,(which(is(based(on(Power;(i.e.(0(db,(3.01(db,(10(db( • The(decibel(unit(is(a(raBo(of(the(measurement(to(a( reference( • Input(–(Output( • Measured(to(Reference(Standard( • Used(across(all(transmission(mediums( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 11( Op5mized'Code'Table' Signaling More%Data%….%Less%Noise% ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 12( Op5mized'Code'Table'Signaling'(OCTS) • An(emerging(technology(( • An(independent(module(operaBng(between(binary(source( Tx/Rx( • An(engineered(method(to(maintain(the(channel(capacity( • Improved(noise(tolerance( • Reduced(suscepBbility(to(interference(( • Logical(reducBon(in(transmission(errors( • Dynamic(response(to(Quality(of(Service((QOS)(measures( • Changes(to(OCTS(to(maintain(desired(performance(metrics( • Variable(adjustments(as(the(circuit(condiBon(improves(or( degrades( • Simple,(inherent(methods(to(conBnually(assure( authenBcaBon( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 13( OCTS'Design'Considera5ons The(primary(development(consideraBons(for(OCTS( were(to(improve:( • Data(Transmission(in(high(noise(and/or(high(interference( circuit(condiBons( • Maintain(Signal(SynchronizaBon(past(circuit(drop(condiBons( without(OCTS( • Maintain(Data(Flow,(albeit(at(a(slower(bit(rate,(past(circuit( drop(condiBons(without(OCTS( • Allow(for(Quality(Of(Service(measures(to(be(derived(and( used:( • The(transmioed(bit(rate(becomes(a(direct(funcBon(of(the( errorafree(received(bit(rate( • The(Quality(Of(Service(measures(can(be(‘connected’(to(both( transmioer(and(receiver(for(addiBonal(correcBve(acBons( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 14( OCTS'Theory'of'Opera5on • Input(binary(data(stream( • Translate(data(through(an( maelement(table(into(a( mulBavalued(signal( • Tables(are(dynamically( modified(based(on(QOS( and(performance( requirements( • Reverse(process(translates( mulBavalued(signal(back(to( a(binary(data(stream( • System(designed(to( achieve(the(most( consistent(and(reliable( data(throughput(on(the( channel( ( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 15( Results'of'Tes5ng • Frequency(ShiT(Keying(ModulaBon,(1(KHz(bandwidth,( Standard(CiBzen’s(Band(Radios( • (Without(OCTS,(Signal(Loss(at(a(SNR(of(15db( • (With(OCTS,(Signal(Loss(at(SNR(of(7db( ( • Quadrature(Phase(ShiT(Keying(ModulaBon,(1(KHz( bandwidth,(2.4(GHz(Frequency,(GNU(Radio( • (Without(OCTS,(Error(Rate(of(0(@(SNR(of(17db( • (With(OCTS,(Error(Rate(of(0(@(SNR(of(9db( ( Signal(Transmission(w/o(OCTS(Requires(6.3x(More(Power( (( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 16( Detailed'Results'for'GNU'Radio GMSK Bit Error Rates Without OCTS vs. With OCTS 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 -4.370340028 -11.95241713 -18.2112143 -26.25165376 -37.1924596 -46.30088715 -58.85295967 -60.96149332 -65.22379019 3.66E-001 6.38E-002 1.51E-002 2.37E-003 1.91E-004 2.34E-005 1.30E-006 8.01E-007 3.00E-007 0.00E+000 0.00E+000 With OCTS BER Error Rate -7.939506839 -16.57691314 -26.55993519 -37.99536222 -48.03698439 1.61E-001 2.20E-002 2.21E-003 1.59E-004 1.57E-005 0.00E+000 0.00E+000 0.00E+000 0.00E+000 0.00E+000 0.00E+000 0 -10 -20 BER (dB) SNR Without OCTS BER Error Rate Comparison With and Without OCTS ! No OCTS -30 OCTS -40 -50 -60 0 2 4 6 8 10 SNR (dB) ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 17( Impact'on'Performance • Latency( • • • (Dependent(upon(data(structure,(CPU,(RAM,(circuit(and(modulaBon( (Designed(to(be(lightweight(with(limited(impact(on(transmission( (Measured(latency(of(60(ms(for(batch(processing(of(a(7(Mbyte(file( • Overhead( • • • ( (Processing(cycles(for(encoding(of(a(binary(bit(stream( (Encoded(data(may(increase(in(size(by(10(–(60%( (Overhead(scales(with(noise(tolerance(and(signal(integrity(requirements( Performance(is(a(funcBon(of(system(design(requirements( ( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 18( OCTS'Summary • Complements(and(is(agnosBc(to(exisBng(technologies( • Binary(bit(stream(standards((i.e.(TCP/IP,(SD,(HD,(etc.)( • Transmission(medium(standards((i.e.(spectrum,(frequency,( modulaBon,(etc.).(( • Significant(noise(and(interference(performance( improvement( • Unbound(Circuits((6.3x(Beoer)( • Bound(Circuits((TBD)( • Performance(Improvement(defined(as:( • Improved(reliability( • Lower(power( • Higher(Signal(Integrity( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 19( Applica5ons'for'OCTS More%Data%….%Less%Noise% % ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 20( OCTS'Context • OCTS(for(Unbound(circuits(may(be(PointatoaMulBpoint( • One(transmioer(for(many(receivers( • May(be(pointatoapoint(radio( • OCTS(for(Bound(circuits(is(PointatoaPoint( • One(transmioer(for(One(receiver( • The(receiver(can(deliver(the(signal(to(many(other(receivers( • The(transmioer(can(deliver(to(many(duplicate(receivers( • OCTS(takes(an(input(binary(bit(stream(and(outputs(a( binary(bit(stream( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 21( Unbound'Networks • Public/Private(Radio( • VHF( • UHF( • HF( • Marine(Radio( • Marine(Band(VHF( • Marine(Satellite(Radio( Systems( • Private(Cellular(Systems( • Heavy(Haul(Rail( • Campus(CommunicaBons( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( • Private(Radio(Systems( • Emergency(or(First( Responder(Digital(Radio( Networks( • Cluoered(Channels( • Noisy(OperaBon( • Port(OperaBons( • Oil(&(Gas(Platorms( • Singleaoperator( Microwave(( • SCADA(Systems( • Signaling(Systems( 22( IEEE'802.nn'Networks • OCTS(equipped(802.11x( Next(GeneraBon(High(Speed(Secure(Access((WiFi)( • OCTS(equipped(802.15(UltraWideband(&(Mesh( Networks( Wireless(Personal(Area(Networks((WPAN)( • OCTS(equipped(802.16(WiMax(Advanced( Metropolitan(Area(Networks((MAN)( • OCTS(equipped(802.22(White(Space( Wireless(Regional(Area(Networks((WRAN)(in(Television( Frequency(Spectrum( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 23( Bound'Networks • Telephonic(Circuits( • Noisy(Copper(lines( • Extend(the(life(of(installed(base( • Cable(Circuits( • Increase(data(throughput(in(the(presence(of(noise( • Decrease(the(need(for(intermediate(equipment( • OpBcal( • Increase(the(distance(between(amplifiers( • Decrease(the(frequency(of(fiber(opBc(cable(replacement( • Increase(the(throughput(from(Fiber(Node(to(the(Premise( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 24( Limita5ons'of'OCTS More%Data%….%Less%Noise% ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 25( All'Networks • OCTS(does(not(break(the(laws(of(physics( • Cannot(‘jump’(an(open(circuit( • Cannot(overcome(powerful(EMF(jamming( • Cannot(‘fix’(broken(equipment( • OCTS(requires(a(digital(signal( • OCTS(was(created(to(improve(SNR(performance( • OCTS(provides(addiBonal(benefits( • Lower(power(requirements( • Integrated(authenBcaBon(technique( • Inherent(resilience(to(unwanted(observaBon( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 26( Summary More%Data%….%Less%Noise% ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 27( So'What? • OCTS(improves(performance(in(the(presence(of(noise( and(interference( • Tested(to(improve(SNR(up(to(6.3x(over(the(same(circuit( without(OCTS( • OCTS(is(complementary(and(agnosBc(to(digital(bit(stream( and(transmission(standards( • Improvement(in(network(performance(means:( • Beoer(and(more(reliable(communicaBons( • Lower(operaBonal(and(maintenance(costs( • Longer(capital(investment(cycle( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 28( Thank'You'for'Your' AXen5on Lou(Halperin((a([email protected]( ©(2014(OptCTS,(Inc.(All(Rights(Reserved( 29(
© Copyright 2024