1. No category

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MWh-roadmap
• The objective of MWh–roadmap is to describe and to create
procedures to define the heat value and energy content at the
different stages in the supply chain from the harvesting site to the
plant.
– Present supply chains for small size stem wood (karsittu ja karsimaton ranka),
logging residues and stumps and their proportions are presented.
– Present measuring methods and measurement needs at the different stages in the
supply chain are presented.
– Potential measuring methods to the future terminal concept and supply chain are
presented (needs to develop measuring and estimation methods of moisture
content, incl. soft sensor methods).
• Developing methods to monitoring quality of the raw material during the supply chain.
• Developing calculation of MWh during supply chain and realtime controlling of heat
value.
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Energy wood supply chains 2013
Harvesting site
Total amount of
forest chips
16.6/17.4 TWh,
8.3/8.7 milj. m3
(2012/2013)
Summary
66 %
Small trees
Residues
Stumps
8444 GWh
5510 GWh
2384 GWh
76 %
15 %
Chipping at the
roadside
(Decayed round wood)
1050 GWh
16 % (2013)
26 %
45 %
12 %
Chipping at the
terminal
56.3 %
61 %
8%
12 %
40 %
23 %
Chipping at the plant
27.3 %
16.4 %
Plant
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Supply chains of small-sized stem wood
and potential measuring points
Harvesting
site
Roadside
Loading terminal
Bioterminal
Plant
Chipping at
the roadside
69 %
A
!
Chipping at
the terminal
22 %
B
!
Chipping at
the plant
9%
C
!
MWhest
= Chipping
= Harvester measurement
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MWhMeasured MWhest
MWhest MWhMeasured
MWhMeasured MWhMeasured
MWhMeasured
= Weighing by crane scale (forwarder
or truck) or material handlers or wheel
loaders etc.
= Measuring of moisture content
= Weighing by weight bridge
= Measuring result is used as a
basis of payments
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= Estimation of moisture content
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Optimal measuring points
1) At the stand (incl. preliminary information of the stand)
2) At the roadside
(in forwarders during unloading)
3) In reception of the terminal
(incoming material, feedback to the supplier)
4) In reception of the plant
(incoming material, feedback to the supplier)
Estimation of moisture content throughout supply chain.
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Measurements at the Bioterminal
• In VTT’s bioterminal concept, terminal functionalities of the terminals
are divided into four categories, each of which have several size classes
(1-4):
1)
2)
3)
4)
Transshipment terminal (Siirtokuormausterminaali)
Feed–in terminal (Syöttöterminaali)
Satellite terminal (Satelliittiterminaali)
Fuel upgrading terminal (Jalostusterminaali)
Bioterminal
• When observing potential measurements in terminals in the future,
terminal size and how raw materials are supplied to the terminal and
shipped from the terminal will be increasingly important. For this
reason, potential methods of measurement of different terminals is
presented by size class using the following size distribution:
– Small – 0.1 TWh
– Medium size – 0.3 TWh
– Large – 1.0 and 0.7 TWh
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Measurements at the Bioterminal
• Small terminal- 0.1 TWh/a
– Weighing during material handling by using timber scales, loader scales and
material handlers (no weight bridge)
– Estimation and prediction of moisture based on drying models.
– Chipping before delivery – feedback from plant’s reception to the
entrepreneur (measured MWh’s and weight from weight bridge)
– For example small transshipment terminal
• Medium size terminal- 0.3 TWh/a
– Weighing during material handling by using timber scales, loader scales and
material handlers (no weight bridge)
- Weighing in the conveyor belt during chipping and measuring frame volume
of forest chips in the conveyor belt (applied also for mobile chippers) or
alternatively measuring of frame volume of the forest chips in the truck –
Moisture content is measured by using soft sensor → moisture estimate
- Stock accounting
- For example medium size feed–in terminal
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Measurements at the Bioterminal
• Large terminal- 1.0 TWh/a
– Weighing of incoming and outcoming material with a weight bridge
– Weighing and measuring frame volume of forest chips in the conveyor belt or
measuring of frame volume of the forest chips in the truck – Moisture content
is measured by using soft sensor → moisture estimate
– Online measurement of the moisture content
– Online measurement of the foreign matter
– Stock management system
– For example large fuel upgrading terminal
• Large terminal- 0.7 TWh/a
– As above, but does not include e.g. the online detection of foreign matter
– No automatic material sorting based on quality
– For example large satellite terminal
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Measurements at the Bioterminal
Medium size terminal, 0,3 TWh/a
For example medium size Feed – in
terminal (Syöttöterminaali)
Large terminal, 0,7 TWh/a
For example large Satellite terminal
(Satelliittiterminaali)
Large terminal, 1,0 TWh/a
For example large Fuel upgrading terminal
or Satellite terminal
(Jalostus- tai satelliittiterminaali)
Weighing by weigh bridge
Weighing by weigh bridge
(Online measuring of frame volume of the (Online measuring of frame volume of the
load, Moisture based on soft sensor
load, Moisture based on soft sensor
methods)
methods)
Reception
-
-
Unloading
Weighing by timber scale or log handler
scale (Kuormain- tai kurottajavaaka)
Weighing by timber scale or log handler
scale (Kuormain- tai kurottajavaaka)
-
-
Whole wood storage
(small-sized stem wood,
logging residues, stumps)
Moisture based on drying models
Moisture based on drying models
Moisture based on drying models
Moisture based on drying models
Crushing/Chipping
Mobile crusher/chipper
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume
→ moisture
Mobile crusher/chipper
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume
→ moisture
Mobile crusher/chipper
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume
→ moisture
On-line measuring of foreign
matter and moisture
Crusher / Chipper
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume
→ moisture
On-line measuring of foreign
matter and moisture
Other processing or upgrading
-
-
Sorting based on moisture.
Sieving of foreign matter.
Sorting based on moisture.
Sieving of foreign matter. Other processing
(drying, sealing, blending)
Storing as forest chip or
crushed material
(Wireless sensors for moisture and
temperature estimation of storages and
chip piles)
(Wireless sensors for moisture and
temperature estimation of storages and
chip piles)
Wireless sensors for moisture and
temperature estimation of storages and
chip piles
Wireless sensors for moisture and
temperature estimation of storages and
chip piles
Loading
Chipping straight on to the truck
- weighing by timber scale
From chip storage - weighing by loader
scales/wheel loader
(pyöräkuormaajavaaka)
Chipping straight on to the truck
- weighing by timber scale
From chip storage - weighing by loader
scales/wheel loader
(pyöräkuormaajavaaka)
Weighing by weigh bridge
Weighing by weigh bridge
Online measuring of frame volume
and moisture
Measuring devices (cost
estimate)
Timber scale (5000 e),
Log handler scale (15000 -20000 e),
Loader scale/Wheel loader
(15000 -20000 e),
Moisture sensor 10 e/kpl ,
Weighing (conveyor belt)
+ frame volume (50 000 e)
Timber scale (5000 e),
Log handler scale (15000 -20000 e),
Loader scale/Wheel loader
(15000 -20000 e),
Moisture sensor 10 e/kpl ,
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume
(50 000 e)
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Weigh bridge (120000-150000 e)
Weigh bridge (120000-150000 e)
Volume estimation (20000-30000 e)
Volume estimation (20000-30000 e)
On-line measuring of foreign
On-line measuring of foreign
matter (250 000 e)
matter (250 000 e)
On-line measuring of moisture (60 000 e) On-line measuring of moisture (60 000 e),
Moisture sensor, 10 e/kpl,
Moisture sensor 10 e/kpl
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume
(50 000 e)
(50 000 e)
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Feedback from plant to the supplier for every delivery (energy wood lot)
Small terminal, 0,1 TWh/a
For example small transhipment terminal
(Siirtokuormausterminaali)
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Transshipment terminal
Infeed
Weighing by
crane scales
(kuormainvaaka)
Loader scale
unloading)
(while
©VTT, Matti Virkkunen
0.1 to 0.3 TWh/a =
50 000 to 150 000
solid m3/a
Mostly stemwood
Season storage
Mobile crusher/chipper
Load to truck
(Mass measurement with loader scale)
Moisture estimation based
on drying models
Weighing during
chipping/crushing +
measuring of frame
volume → Estimation of
moisture content
Weighing by loader scales
Transport
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Moisture based on drying models
©VTT, Matti Virkkunen
Moisture based on drying models
Moisture based on
soft sensor
methods, frame
volume
Stemwood only!
Online measuring of foreign matter
Weighing (conveyor belt) +
frame volume → moisture
Wireless sensors
(moisture)
Weighing by
loader scales
Online measurement
of frame volume and
moisture
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Feed-in terminal
©VTT, Matti Virkkunen
Moisture based on drying models
Weighing by
crane scales
(kuormainvaaka)
Infeed:
road, railway
Stemwood only!
Buffer storage
Loader scale
(Weigh bridge in large ones)
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume → moisture
Wireless sensors
(moisture)
Mobile crusher
Chip/hog fuel storage:
Mobile chipper
”Clean” material only
(Measuring of foreign matter)
storage piles for short term storage of chips/hog fuel.
Load to truck
0.7 to 1 TWh/a =
350 000 to
500 000 solid m3/a
Loader scale
Weighing by
loader scales
(Weigh bridge in large ones)
Transport
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©VTT, Matti Virkkunen
Moisture based on drying models
(Measuring of
frame volume,
Moisture based on
soft sensor
methods)
Weighing (conveyor belt) + frame volume → moisture
Measuring of foreign
matter
Wireless sensors
(moisture)
Weighing by loader scales
(Online measurement of
frame volume and
moisture)
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Remarks
This work was carried out in the Sustainable Bioenergy
Solutions for Tomorrow (BEST) research program coordinated
by FIBIC Ltd. and CLEEN Ltd. with funding from the Finnish
Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Tekes.
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