1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

35
35
35
2
45
2
2
70
arealforbrug
45
45
vandforbrug
energiforbrug
70
70
indkøbte pesticider
arealforbrug
arealforbrug
vandforbrug
vandforbrug
energiforbrug
energiforbrug
indkøbte pesticider
indkøbte pesticider
8
90
90
90
ammoniakudledninger
ammoniakammoniakudledninger
udledninger
8
8
75
75
75 af
udledning
ozon-skadelig
udledning af
methylbromid
udledning af
ozon-skadelig
ozon-skadelig
methylbromid
methylbromid
drivhusgasudledning
drivhusgasudledning
drivhusgasudledning
40
70
1
1
1
70
nitrogenoxid
70
40
40
metan
kuldioxid
nitrogenoxid
nitrogenoxid
metan
metan
kuldioxid
kuldioxid
Vandforurening:
Vandforurening:
Vandforurening:
30*
80*
80*
80* i
nitrater
overfladevand
nitrater i
nitrater i
overfladevand
overfladevand
70*
70*
70*i
fosfor
overfladevand
fosfor i
fosfor i
overfladevand
overfladevand
70*
70*
70* i
nitrater
grundvand
nitrater i
nitrater i
grundvand
grundvand
50*
50*
50*
fosfor i
grundvand
fosfor i
fosfor i
grundvand
grundvand
Miljø og66 klima bliver ødelagt
30*
30*
nitrater i
kystfarvande
nitrater i
nitrater i
kystfarvande
kystfarvande
OeCDOeCD
6
Landbrugets påvirkning af miljøet i industrialiserede lande resulterer i forurening af vand og jord, udledning
af drivhusgasser og begrænsning af levesteder for både dyr og planter.
Kvælstof, som udledes til vandmiljøet, kan forårsage iltmangel og fiskedød. Udvaskning af nitrat kan være
sundhedsskadeligt, hvis det ender i vores grundvand. Begge eksempler er resultater af et overforbrug af
gylle og kunstgødning på landbrugsjordene. Forkert brug af gylle og kunstgødning kan også resultere i, at
næringsstofferne fordamper og ender i atmosfæren. Ifølge Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri står
landbruget i Danmark for 16% af landets samlede udledning af drivhusgasser – og så har ministeriet ikke
medregnet klimapåvirkningen fra produktion af sojafoder, kunstgødning og andre hjælpestoffer.
Stor efterspørgsel af kødprodukter – og dermed foder til dyr – kræver øget foderproduktion, hvilket resulterer
i rydning af regnskov og andre naturområder, når områderne inddrages til landbrugsjord. Konsekvensen
er tab af biodiversitet og reduceret lagring af CO2, som derfor ender i atmosfæren. Det skønnes, at alene
det danske landbrugs efterspørgsel efter foderproteiner giver anledning til udledning af drivhusgasser i en
mængde, der svarer til udledningerne fra over 80% af de danske personbiler.
Hvad kan meat
duandgøre?
be carried into consumers’ kitchens. But
of the WHO, “notorious globe-trotters”. The
imprudent use of antibiotics in one part of the
that is not the only way that humans can be exworld thus poses a threat not only to the local
posed to such superbugs. Resistant bacteria can
3 tips, hvis du vil gøre en forskel:
human population, but endangers the health of
be blown several hundred metres by exhaust fans
• Spis mindre kød og mere plantebaseret protein - få proteiner gennem fx bønner og linser
people
in other parts
the world as well.
of kød
livestock
houses.
bacteria
are abundant
in
• Spis økologisk
hvor du
undgårThe
rester
fra pesticider
og antibiotika,
støtter dyrevelfærd
ogofdyr,
manure,
which
is
spread
on
fields
as
fertilizer.
Once
der ikke har indtaget genmodificeret foder
in the soil,mad
the bacteria can be washed into rivers
• Spis lokalt produceret
and lakes. Bacteria interact both on farms and in
MEAT ATLAS
MEAT ATLAS
Bente Hessellund Andersen, Anita Geertsen og
Nanna by
Langevad
Clifforth,
juni type
2014, of
opdateret
How far we are – antibiotic resistance
pathogen
and
meat juni
in 2015
Germany
Forfatterne kan kontaktes på NOAHs Sekretariat,
tlf.: +45 3536 1212
Percentage of samples. Many pathogens in these groups
of bacteria
can Böll
in humans
leadogtoFriends
serious diarrhoea
and Europe
even death
Figurer:
Heinrich
Stiftung
of the Earth
100
NOAH – Friends of the Earth Denmark
Nørrebrogade 39, 2200 København N
www.noah.dk
[email protected]
80
Salmonella
60
5041
0339
TRYKSAG
eMA
* maksimal værdi
* maksimal værdi
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
OeCD
* maksimal værdi
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
408
Cyprus
Factory farms
are inevitably
breeding dangerous
new strains of
bacteria
KØDatlas
Fakta og figurer om de dyr vi spiser
BVL
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
Theofcause
of was
this marine
desolation
lies
in the
a lack
oxygen
interfering
with their
enzyme
European sales of antimicrobial agents for food-producing animals
balance.
over-fertilization
of the Mississippi basin, where
balance.
The cause of this marine desolation lies in the
6
almost
the United
States’ desolation
feed production
The all
cause
of this marine
lies in and
the
over-fertilization of the Mississippi basin, where
Sales in milligrams per kilogram of meat stock
industrial
farms of
arethe
concentrated.
and
over-fertilization
Mississippi nitrogen
basin, where
almost all the United States’ feed production and
24
biomass, 2011, including horses
phosphorus
washed
down
theproduction
river into and
the
almost all theare
United
States’
feed
industrial farms are concentrated. nitrogen and
Gulf.
There
thesearenutrients
stimulate
the growth
industrial
farms
concentrated.
nitrogen
and
Finland
phosphorus are washed down the river into the
of
algae, aquatic
plants and
bacteria,
which
phosphorus
are washed
down
the river
into use
the
Gulf. There these nutrients stimulate the growth
66
up
theThere
oxygen
dissolved
in the
seawater.
litre of
Gulf.
these
nutrients
stimulate
theA growth
of algae, aquatic plants and bacteria, which use
seawater
holdsand
around
7 milligrams
of
of algae, commonly
aquatic plants
bacteria,
which use
antibiotika anvendes systematisk til
up the oxygen dissolved in the seawater. A litre of
35 Estonia
dissolved
oxygen;
aroundin
thethe
mouths
of theAMissisup the oxygen
dissolved
seawater.
litre of
at bekæmpe sygdomme i landbruget
seawater commonly holds around 7 milligrams of
Latvia
sippi
it holds
less thanholds
2 milligrams.
only organseawater
commonly
around The
7 milligrams
of
dissolved oxygen; around the mouths of the Missisisms
active
here
are
those
that
do
not
depend
on
42
dissolved oxygen; around the mouths of the Missis120
sippi it holds less than 2 milligrams. The only organoxygen
to live.
sippi it holds
less than 2 milligrams. The only organisms active here are those that do not depend on
Lithuania
Us here
marine
Peter
Thomas
says
ismsThe
active
are biologist
those that
do not
depend
on
bakterier forsvarer sig selv ved
oxygen to live.
that around
250,000 square kilometres of coastal
oxygen
to live.
at mutere, og bliver således resisThe Us marine biologist Peter Thomas says
waters
suffer
from severe
seasonalsays
oxTheworldwide
Us marine
biologist
Peter Thomas
tente over for antibiotika
that around 250,000 square kilometres of coastal
ygen
deficiency.
In Asia,
pig kilometres
and poultryoffarms
in
that around
250,000
square
coastal
waters worldwide suffer from severe seasonal oxcoastal
China, Vietnam
and Thailand
pollute the
waters worldwide
suffer from
severe seasonal
ox44
ygen deficiency. In Asia, pig and poultry farms in
south
China sea In
with
nitrogen.
Thepoultry
northern
part of
ygen deficiency.
Asia,
pig and
farms
in
coastal China, Vietnam and Thailand pollute the
Slovakia
the
Caspian
seaVietnam
is loadedand
withThailand
nitrogen that
comes
coastal
China,
pollute
the
resistente bakterier kan trænge
south China sea with nitrogen. The northern part of
down
Volga.
of the seas
south the
China
seaMany
with nitrogen.
Thesurrounding
northern parteuof
ind i menneskets krop, når man
the Caspian sea is loaded with nitrogen that comes
rope
are affected:
the Baltic
the Black
sea,
the Caspian
sea is loaded
withsea,
nitrogen
that comes
spiser kød
192
down the Volga. Many of the seas surrounding euthe
Irish
the
spanish
the Adriatic
down
the sea,
Volga.
Many
of thecoast
seas and
surrounding
europe are affected: the Baltic sea, the Black sea,
104
all
have
zones.
problems
are Black
causedsea,
not
rope
aredead
affected:
theThe
Baltic
sea, the
the Irish sea, the spanish coast and the Adriatic
Hungary
only
by nitrogen
and
phosphorus
also
the Irish
sea, the
spanish
coastpollution,
and the but
Adriatic
all have dead zones. The problems are caused not
antibiotika der anvendes
by
potassium,
drug residues,
disease-causing
orall have
dead zones.
The problems
are caused not
Bulgaria
only by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, but also
til behandling af menneganisms
and heavy
only by nitrogen
andmetals.
phosphorus pollution, but also
by potassium, drug residues, disease-causing orsker
er
ineffektive
mod
It is not justdrug
the residues,
seas: industrialized
livestock
by potassium,
disease-causing
organisms and heavy metals.
de resistente bakterier
production
harms
land too. slurry and manure
ganisms and
heavythe
metals.
It is not just the seas: industrialized livestock
fromIt livestock-producing
are applied,
often
is not just the seas:areas
industrialized
livestock
production harms the land too. slurry and manure
indiscriminately,
the land
soil. They
can pose
even
production harmstothe
too. slurry
and an
manure
from livestock-producing areas are applied, often
greater
threat than the overuse
of applied,
mineral often
fertifrom livestock-producing
areas are
indiscriminately, to the soil. They can pose an even
lizer,
especially on
well-drained
nitrates
are
indiscriminately,
to the
soil. They soils.
can pose
an even
greater threat than the overuse of mineral fertiwashed
down into
thethe
groundwater,
can fertilead
greater threat
than
overuse ofwhich
mineral
lizer, especially on well-drained soils. nitrates are
to
contamination
of our
drinking water
damage
lizer,
especially on
well-drained
soils. and
nitrates
are
washed down into the groundwater, which canKød,
lead mejeriprodukter og æg fra konventionelle husdyr kan indeholde rester af medicin og pesticider, hvilket
our
health.
In our
they can bewhich
converted
into
washed
down
intobodies
the groundwater,
can lead
to contamination of our drinking water and damage
er
skidt for din sundhed.
af antibiotika
for atanimal
undgå receives
sygdomme og
hurtig vækst
thefremme
environment.
Theyi husdevelop further and reprosibleOverforbruget
to ensure that
every single
nitrosamines,
which
aredrinking
suspected
to cause
cancer
to contamination
of our
water
and damage
our health. In our bodies they can be converted into
dyr
resistens
over
for
medicin
til
behandling
af
infektioner
hos
mennesker.
of
oesophagus
and they
stomach.over-fertilization
ourthe
health.
In our bodies
can be converted
intogør, at bakterier udvikler
duce, exchanging genetic information. In doing so,
a sufficient dose of the drug. Diagnostic tests are
nitrosamines, which are suspected to cause cancer
threatens
the which
habitatare
of suspected
nearly all the
endangered
nitrosamines,
to cause
cancer
of the oesophagus and stomach.over-fertilization
they enlarge the pool of bacteria that is resistant to
rarely used to check whether the right kind of antispecies
on the Red and
List stomach.over-fertilization
compiled by the Internaof the oesophagus
Huller i forskningen betyder, at der er uvished om, hvilken effekt sprøjtegiften Round-up har på vores helbred.
threatens the habitat of nearly all the endangered
once-powerful antibiotics.
biotic is being used.
tional
Union
Conservation
nature.
excessive
threatens
theforhabitat
of nearlyofall
the endangered
species on the Red List compiled by the InternaRound-up
bliver brugt bl.a. ved dyrkning af genmodificerede sojabønner. Disse sojabønner udgør så godt
use
of chemical
fertilizers,
pesticides
andInternaherbispecies
on the Red
List compiled
by the
The production of animals and meat is globally
Resistant bacteria can pass from animals to
tional Union for Conservation of nature. excessive
som
cides
harms for
organisms
in theofsoil
and water,
andalt proteinfoderet i det konventionelle landbrug i Danmark.
tional Union
Conservation
nature.
excessive
use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbiconnected
with trade and transport links spanning
humans
in
many
ways.
An
obvious
link
is
the
food
damages
ecosystems.
use of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides harms organisms in the soil and water, and
the
globe.
These
links enable resistant bacteria
chain.
When
the
animals
are
slaughtered
and
procides harms organisms in the soil and water, and
damages ecosystems.
damages ecosystems.
MEAT ATLAS
to spread rapidly. superbugs are, in the words
cessed in an abattoir, the bacteria can colonize the
Tryk: Frederiksberg Bogtrykkeri A/S
the Mississippi, some 20,000 square kilometres of
Escherichia coli
Number of classes
of antibiotics to
which pathogens are
resistent :
4 or more
3
2
Forbrug i den vestlige verden
OeCD/FAO
kødindtag per indbygger, kilogram, gennemsnit 2010–12 (estimat) og 2022 (forventet)
33.7
32.6
20.2
18.2
16.7
15.8
45.6
44.4
0.9 0.8
11.1
11.0
Canada
26.5
24.7
21.1
20.8
0.4 0.3
USA
contamination by antibiotics from the large amounts
of drugs used in factory farms, and the lowering of
the water table in much of Asia because of pumping from wells. Dry wells have to be deepened, and
they may tap into rocks that have a high content
of fluoride and arsenic; substances that can harm
32.3
31.7
both people and animals.
If meat consumption
continues to rise rapidly,
15.3
21.2
the amount14.9
of water12.8
needed to grow animal feed
20.8
12.7
will double
by the middle of this century, accord6.8 7.3
0.2 0.2
ing to the Worldwatch Institute.
Human populaJapan
2.0 1.7 tion growth alone means we have to find ways to
use water more economically, because the same
39.6of water will have to go around for more
EU
amount
38.8
people. Global warming through climate change is
likely to reduce water availability further. It is questionable whether we should continue to pump an
22.9
21.5ever scarcer resource into the raising of livestock
22.1
20.0
. some 2.5 billion people already live in areas subject to water stress; by 2025, it will be over half of
8.6
humanity, and
over water are expected to
8.4 conflicts 32.5
become more acute.31.6
Virtuelt vand
Vandforbrug til produktion af 1 kg eller 1 liter:
Dyr slagtet globalt
Officielle og estimerede data, 2011, antal dyr
58
oksekød
517
15,455 L
296
000 000
ost
24
5,000 L
ris
æg
000 000
000 000
bøfler
kvæg
geder
får
svin
3,400 L
3,300 L
1 383
000 000
430
000 000
kyllinger
ænder
kalkuner
gæs og
perlehøns
654
000 000
2 817
000 000
Australien
10.2
8.8
Water use by Nippon Ham, the world’s 6th-largest meat company,
2011, 100 percent =New
12.5 Zealand
million m3
1.5
9.7
would be cheaper.
that communicate certain animal-welfare standards
For meat production to be sustainable, rich
and food-safety issues to consumers. They do this
consumers have to eat less meat. And we must
rather than adopting one of the existing certifica32
56.8
eat differently. We have to reduce our consumption
tion schemes. Civil society organizations warn that
of intensively reared livestock, while shifting to the
these new “standards” might confuse consumers
production and consumption of meat from grazing
rather than improve the quality of the meat. organic
animals. These have a healthier balance of fats
production would be an alternative that takes conIn the
and micronutrients than animals fed on grain,
sumer doubts into account. organically produced
industrialized
and they can turn something we cannot eat,food plants
animals may not be fed with genetically modified
livestock breeding
world, it’s easier
to
grass, into milk and meat.
soy; a high percentage of their feed has to come
fresh meat
facilities and feedlots
processing plantsgrab a burger
other
from the home farm; and antibiotics are completely
forbidden, or allowed on a very restricted basis only.
than a salad
Despite this, less than 2 percent of the meat sold
in most industrialized countries is organically proMEAT ATLAS
Past the peak in the USA
duced.
one reason for this may be price: organically
Meat consumption per capita, kilograms, without waste and pet food
produced meat costs nearly twice as much as
2013 and 2014: estimates
conventional meat. Conventional meat is cheap
to buyKødforbruget
because someerofenormt
its costsi de
are industrialiserede
hidden from
lande, og det globale forbrug stiger. Danskerne spiser ca. 85
85
the public.
These include
subsidies
to factory
kg kød/person
omtax
året,
mens det
gennemsnitlige forbrug i de industrialiserede lande er ca. 95 kg/person
farmers,
external
environmental
costs,
or
harm
to
pr. år. I udviklingslandene er forbruget ca. 30 kg/person
pr. år, men efterspørgslen på kød vokser i takt med,
80
consumers due to low-quality diets. In times of risat flere flytter til byerne og får flere penge mellem hænderne. For at imødekomme efterspørgslen opdyrkes
ing poverty and big income differences between the
mere og mere jord for at skaffe foder. FN estimerer,
at 70% af landbrugsjorden bruges til husdyrproduktion.
75
rich and the poor, many people find it hard to spend
Oksekød
har samtidig
en større
negativ
more on
food. schools
and canteens
serve
meat effekt på klimaet end andre typer kød. En ændring af vores madva70 at landbrugsarealet øges.
at flere kan
blive mætte,
uden
every ner
day vil
andkunne
have sikre,
few vegetarian
offerings,
further raising our expectation of a daily dose of meat.
0
A high-pressure lifestyle is making us lose our taste
1966
1978
1990
2002
2014
for vegetables, and we are forgetting how to cook
them, even though a vegetarian or low-meat diet
CMe
hvede
1,300 L
Slagtning per land, de fire største, 2011, antal dyr
15.7
A thirsty industry
15.5
Kødforbruget vokser
1,500 L
mælk
35 108 100
USA
kvæg og
bøfler
1,000 L
æbler
700 L
øl
300 L
kartofler
255 L
tomater
184 L
gulerødder
131 L
46 193 000
Kina
21 490 000
Indien
8 954 959 000
USA
5 370 102 000
Brasilien
39 100 000
Brasilien
59 735 680
Tyskland
110 956 304
USA
Et badekar indeholder ca. 140
liter vand
svin
649
11 080 000 000
Kina
fjerkræ
000 000
2 049 445 000
Indonesien
273 080 000
661 702 976
Kina
44 270 000
Vietnam
får og
geder
84 110 000 Kina
Indien
38 600 000
28 980 000
Nigeria
Bangladesh
FAOStAt
19.1
16.8
sukker
WAteRFOOtPRINt.ORG
okse, kalv
svin
fjerkræ
får, geder
NIPPON HAM
2010–
2012 2022
Finally, the treatment of animals in slaughterand are largely defenceless against the compahouses is subject to criticism on two fronts. The
nies’ demands. Back in the 1960s, labour unions
animal welfare movement objects to frequent vioin the meat industry were still strong; in the last
lations of regulations and cruelty to animals, such
two decades they have had a much harder time.
as long transports, inadequate anaesthesia, or
Workers have little say in their work conditions, and
the beatingaf
of alle
animals
theyCrown
are driven
thedem og er verdens største svine­
collective
are unknown
most
Vandforbruget stiger dobbelt så meget som befolkningstilvæksten, og hvis forbruget ikke begrænses,
er der wage agreements
10 firmaer
står for in
88%
af slagtningen
svin.when
Danish
er etin af
of the world.
risiko for, at vandforsyningen kollapser. Landbruget bruger 70% af jordens tilgængelige ferskvand,parts
og især
kødseksportør. Mange stederslaughterhouse.
foregår slagtning af dyr – ofte på brutal vis – væk fra byerne, så folk bliver
The animal rights movement, on the other
In most industrial countries, the slaughterhousproduktionen af animalske fødevarer bruger meget vand. Det kræver omkring 15.500 liter vand at produskånet for brutaliteten. Antallet af slagtedyr er enormt, og især antallet af høns, der We
må lade
livet, er tårnhøjt.
severed
hand, criticizes the mass-slaughter of animals
es have been relocated from the cities to the rural
cere bare et enkelt kilo konventionelt oksekød. En konventionel ko bruger mere vand end en ko, der går på
Dyrevelfærden i konventionelt landbrug bliver ofte kritiseret, fordi dyrene lever
et link
sørgeligt
liv under kumthe
between
as a matter of principle: it says that meat properiphery. The cruelty of slaughtering and images
græs, og den har også en større negativ klimaeffekt. Samtidig mangler 1,1 mia mennesker adgang
til
rent
merlige
forhold.
Mange
af
dem
ser
aldrig
dagslys,
de
har
ingen
plads
at
bevæge
sig
på,
bliver
living animals and kastreret
duction is always associated with violence
of blood and squealing animals have to be hiddrikkevand.
udenand
bedøvelse,
fårrefl
afklippet
hale oganimals.
næb, bliver
får sår,
lever på kolde beton- eller trægulve,
against
Animalmishandlet,
rights activists
do not
den from consumers’ eyes
ears. This
ects
the packaged
transporteret
sammenklemt
opreform
til flereslaughter;
timer, bliver
og vokser så hurtigt, at deres skelet ikke
wanti to
theystressede
want to abolish
a modern social norm:bliver
violence
is banished
from
products
kanand
følge
med. are made it altogether. They say that the meat industry republic view. slaughtering
butchery
gards animals as mere products, whereas society
invisible for the majority. The connection between
should recognize their individuality and capacity for
the meat and the living animal that is trucked to
suffering.
town and dies in the slaughterhouse has been severed. What most consumers now see is only a vac-
Løber vi tør for rent vand?
11
Mindre dyrevelfærd
Forbrug i den vestlige verden
OeCD/FAO
kødindtag per indbygger, kilogram, gennemsnit 2010–12 (estimat) og 2022 (forventet)
33.7
32.6
20.2
18.2
16.7
15.8
45.6
44.4
0.9 0.8
11.1
11.0
Canada
26.5
24.7
21.1
20.8
0.4 0.3
USA
contamination by antibiotics from the large amounts
of drugs used in factory farms, and the lowering of
the water table in much of Asia because of pumping from wells. Dry wells have to be deepened, and
they may tap into rocks that have a high content
of fluoride and arsenic; substances that can harm
32.3
31.7
both people and animals.
If meat consumption
continues to rise rapidly,
15.3
21.2
the amount14.9
of water12.8
needed to grow animal feed
20.8
12.7
will double
by the middle of this century, accord6.8 7.3
0.2 0.2
ing to the Worldwatch Institute.
Human populaJapan
2.0 1.7 tion growth alone means we have to find ways to
use water more economically, because the same
39.6of water will have to go around for more
EU
amount
38.8
people. Global warming through climate change is
likely to reduce water availability further. It is questionable whether we should continue to pump an
22.9
21.5ever scarcer resource into the raising of livestock
22.1
20.0
. some 2.5 billion people already live in areas subject to water stress; by 2025, it will be over half of
8.6
humanity, and
over water are expected to
8.4 conflicts 32.5
become more acute.31.6
Virtuelt vand
Vandforbrug til produktion af 1 kg eller 1 liter:
Dyr slagtet globalt
Officielle og estimerede data, 2011, antal dyr
58
oksekød
517
15,455 L
296
000 000
ost
24
5,000 L
ris
æg
000 000
000 000
bøfler
kvæg
geder
får
svin
3,400 L
3,300 L
1 383
000 000
430
000 000
kyllinger
ænder
kalkuner
gæs og
perlehøns
654
000 000
2 817
000 000
Australien
10.2
8.8
Water use by Nippon Ham, the world’s 6th-largest meat company,
2011, 100 percent =New
12.5 Zealand
million m3
1.5
9.7
would be cheaper.
that communicate certain animal-welfare standards
For meat production to be sustainable, rich
and food-safety issues to consumers. They do this
consumers have to eat less meat. And we must
rather than adopting one of the existing certifica32
56.8
eat differently. We have to reduce our consumption
tion schemes. Civil society organizations warn that
of intensively reared livestock, while shifting to the
these new “standards” might confuse consumers
production and consumption of meat from grazing
rather than improve the quality of the meat. organic
animals. These have a healthier balance of fats
production would be an alternative that takes conIn the
and micronutrients than animals fed on grain,
sumer doubts into account. organically produced
industrialized
and they can turn something we cannot eat,food plants
animals may not be fed with genetically modified
livestock breeding
world, it’s easier
to
grass, into milk and meat.
soy; a high percentage of their feed has to come
fresh meat
facilities and feedlots
processing plantsgrab a burger
other
from the home farm; and antibiotics are completely
forbidden, or allowed on a very restricted basis only.
than a salad
Despite this, less than 2 percent of the meat sold
in most industrialized countries is organically proMEAT ATLAS
Past the peak in the USA
duced.
one reason for this may be price: organically
Meat consumption per capita, kilograms, without waste and pet food
produced meat costs nearly twice as much as
2013 and 2014: estimates
conventional meat. Conventional meat is cheap
to buyKødforbruget
because someerofenormt
its costsi de
are industrialiserede
hidden from
lande, og det globale forbrug stiger. Danskerne spiser ca. 85
85
the public.
These include
subsidies
to factory
kg kød/person
omtax
året,
mens det
gennemsnitlige forbrug i de industrialiserede lande er ca. 95 kg/person
farmers,
external
environmental
costs,
or
harm
to
pr. år. I udviklingslandene er forbruget ca. 30 kg/person
pr. år, men efterspørgslen på kød vokser i takt med,
80
consumers due to low-quality diets. In times of risat flere flytter til byerne og får flere penge mellem hænderne. For at imødekomme efterspørgslen opdyrkes
ing poverty and big income differences between the
mere og mere jord for at skaffe foder. FN estimerer,
at 70% af landbrugsjorden bruges til husdyrproduktion.
75
rich and the poor, many people find it hard to spend
Oksekød
har samtidig
en større
negativ
more on
food. schools
and canteens
serve
meat effekt på klimaet end andre typer kød. En ændring af vores madva70 at landbrugsarealet øges.
at flere kan
blive mætte,
uden
every ner
day vil
andkunne
have sikre,
few vegetarian
offerings,
further raising our expectation of a daily dose of meat.
0
A high-pressure lifestyle is making us lose our taste
1966
1978
1990
2002
2014
for vegetables, and we are forgetting how to cook
them, even though a vegetarian or low-meat diet
CMe
hvede
1,300 L
Slagtning per land, de fire største, 2011, antal dyr
15.7
A thirsty industry
15.5
Kødforbruget vokser
1,500 L
mælk
35 108 100
USA
kvæg og
bøfler
1,000 L
æbler
700 L
øl
300 L
kartofler
255 L
tomater
184 L
gulerødder
131 L
46 193 000
Kina
21 490 000
Indien
8 954 959 000
USA
5 370 102 000
Brasilien
39 100 000
Brasilien
59 735 680
Tyskland
110 956 304
USA
Et badekar indeholder ca. 140
liter vand
svin
649
11 080 000 000
Kina
fjerkræ
000 000
2 049 445 000
Indonesien
273 080 000
661 702 976
Kina
44 270 000
Vietnam
får og
geder
84 110 000 Kina
Indien
38 600 000
28 980 000
Nigeria
Bangladesh
FAOStAt
19.1
16.8
sukker
WAteRFOOtPRINt.ORG
okse, kalv
svin
fjerkræ
får, geder
NIPPON HAM
2010–
2012 2022
Finally, the treatment of animals in slaughterand are largely defenceless against the compahouses is subject to criticism on two fronts. The
nies’ demands. Back in the 1960s, labour unions
animal welfare movement objects to frequent vioin the meat industry were still strong; in the last
lations of regulations and cruelty to animals, such
two decades they have had a much harder time.
as long transports, inadequate anaesthesia, or
Workers have little say in their work conditions, and
the beatingaf
of alle
animals
theyCrown
are driven
thedem og er verdens største svine­
collective
are unknown
most
Vandforbruget stiger dobbelt så meget som befolkningstilvæksten, og hvis forbruget ikke begrænses,
er der wage agreements
10 firmaer
står for in
88%
af slagtningen
svin.when
Danish
er etin af
of the world.
risiko for, at vandforsyningen kollapser. Landbruget bruger 70% af jordens tilgængelige ferskvand,parts
og især
kødseksportør. Mange stederslaughterhouse.
foregår slagtning af dyr – ofte på brutal vis – væk fra byerne, så folk bliver
The animal rights movement, on the other
In most industrial countries, the slaughterhousproduktionen af animalske fødevarer bruger meget vand. Det kræver omkring 15.500 liter vand at produskånet for brutaliteten. Antallet af slagtedyr er enormt, og især antallet af høns, der We
må lade
livet, er tårnhøjt.
severed
hand, criticizes the mass-slaughter of animals
es have been relocated from the cities to the rural
cere bare et enkelt kilo konventionelt oksekød. En konventionel ko bruger mere vand end en ko, der går på
Dyrevelfærden i konventionelt landbrug bliver ofte kritiseret, fordi dyrene lever
et link
sørgeligt
liv under kumthe
between
as a matter of principle: it says that meat properiphery. The cruelty of slaughtering and images
græs, og den har også en større negativ klimaeffekt. Samtidig mangler 1,1 mia mennesker adgang
til
rent
merlige
forhold.
Mange
af
dem
ser
aldrig
dagslys,
de
har
ingen
plads
at
bevæge
sig
på,
bliver
living animals and kastreret
duction is always associated with violence
of blood and squealing animals have to be hiddrikkevand.
udenand
bedøvelse,
fårrefl
afklippet
hale oganimals.
næb, bliver
får sår,
lever på kolde beton- eller trægulve,
against
Animalmishandlet,
rights activists
do not
den from consumers’ eyes
ears. This
ects
the packaged
transporteret
sammenklemt
opreform
til flereslaughter;
timer, bliver
og vokser så hurtigt, at deres skelet ikke
wanti to
theystressede
want to abolish
a modern social norm:bliver
violence
is banished
from
products
kanand
følge
med. are made it altogether. They say that the meat industry republic view. slaughtering
butchery
gards animals as mere products, whereas society
invisible for the majority. The connection between
should recognize their individuality and capacity for
the meat and the living animal that is trucked to
suffering.
town and dies in the slaughterhouse has been severed. What most consumers now see is only a vac-
Løber vi tør for rent vand?
11
Mindre dyrevelfærd
Forbrug i den vestlige verden
OeCD/FAO
kødindtag per indbygger, kilogram, gennemsnit 2010–12 (estimat) og 2022 (forventet)
33.7
32.6
20.2
18.2
16.7
15.8
45.6
44.4
0.9 0.8
11.1
11.0
Canada
26.5
24.7
21.1
20.8
0.4 0.3
USA
contamination by antibiotics from the large amounts
of drugs used in factory farms, and the lowering of
the water table in much of Asia because of pumping from wells. Dry wells have to be deepened, and
they may tap into rocks that have a high content
of fluoride and arsenic; substances that can harm
32.3
31.7
both people and animals.
If meat consumption
continues to rise rapidly,
15.3
21.2
the amount14.9
of water12.8
needed to grow animal feed
20.8
12.7
will double
by the middle of this century, accord6.8 7.3
0.2 0.2
ing to the Worldwatch Institute.
Human populaJapan
2.0 1.7 tion growth alone means we have to find ways to
use water more economically, because the same
39.6of water will have to go around for more
EU
amount
38.8
people. Global warming through climate change is
likely to reduce water availability further. It is questionable whether we should continue to pump an
22.9
21.5ever scarcer resource into the raising of livestock
22.1
20.0
. some 2.5 billion people already live in areas subject to water stress; by 2025, it will be over half of
8.6
humanity, and
over water are expected to
8.4 conflicts 32.5
become more acute.31.6
Virtuelt vand
Vandforbrug til produktion af 1 kg eller 1 liter:
Dyr slagtet globalt
Officielle og estimerede data, 2011, antal dyr
58
oksekød
517
15,455 L
296
000 000
ost
24
5,000 L
ris
æg
000 000
000 000
bøfler
kvæg
geder
får
svin
3,400 L
3,300 L
1 383
000 000
430
000 000
kyllinger
ænder
kalkuner
gæs og
perlehøns
654
000 000
2 817
000 000
Australien
10.2
8.8
Water use by Nippon Ham, the world’s 6th-largest meat company,
2011, 100 percent =New
12.5 Zealand
million m3
1.5
9.7
would be cheaper.
that communicate certain animal-welfare standards
For meat production to be sustainable, rich
and food-safety issues to consumers. They do this
consumers have to eat less meat. And we must
rather than adopting one of the existing certifica32
56.8
eat differently. We have to reduce our consumption
tion schemes. Civil society organizations warn that
of intensively reared livestock, while shifting to the
these new “standards” might confuse consumers
production and consumption of meat from grazing
rather than improve the quality of the meat. organic
animals. These have a healthier balance of fats
production would be an alternative that takes conIn the
and micronutrients than animals fed on grain,
sumer doubts into account. organically produced
industrialized
and they can turn something we cannot eat,food plants
animals may not be fed with genetically modified
livestock breeding
world, it’s easier
to
grass, into milk and meat.
soy; a high percentage of their feed has to come
fresh meat
facilities and feedlots
processing plantsgrab a burger
other
from the home farm; and antibiotics are completely
forbidden, or allowed on a very restricted basis only.
than a salad
Despite this, less than 2 percent of the meat sold
in most industrialized countries is organically proMEAT ATLAS
Past the peak in the USA
duced.
one reason for this may be price: organically
Meat consumption per capita, kilograms, without waste and pet food
produced meat costs nearly twice as much as
2013 and 2014: estimates
conventional meat. Conventional meat is cheap
to buyKødforbruget
because someerofenormt
its costsi de
are industrialiserede
hidden from
lande, og det globale forbrug stiger. Danskerne spiser ca. 85
85
the public.
These include
subsidies
to factory
kg kød/person
omtax
året,
mens det
gennemsnitlige forbrug i de industrialiserede lande er ca. 95 kg/person
farmers,
external
environmental
costs,
or
harm
to
pr. år. I udviklingslandene er forbruget ca. 30 kg/person
pr. år, men efterspørgslen på kød vokser i takt med,
80
consumers due to low-quality diets. In times of risat flere flytter til byerne og får flere penge mellem hænderne. For at imødekomme efterspørgslen opdyrkes
ing poverty and big income differences between the
mere og mere jord for at skaffe foder. FN estimerer,
at 70% af landbrugsjorden bruges til husdyrproduktion.
75
rich and the poor, many people find it hard to spend
Oksekød
har samtidig
en større
negativ
more on
food. schools
and canteens
serve
meat effekt på klimaet end andre typer kød. En ændring af vores madva70 at landbrugsarealet øges.
at flere kan
blive mætte,
uden
every ner
day vil
andkunne
have sikre,
few vegetarian
offerings,
further raising our expectation of a daily dose of meat.
0
A high-pressure lifestyle is making us lose our taste
1966
1978
1990
2002
2014
for vegetables, and we are forgetting how to cook
them, even though a vegetarian or low-meat diet
CMe
hvede
1,300 L
Slagtning per land, de fire største, 2011, antal dyr
15.7
A thirsty industry
15.5
Kødforbruget vokser
1,500 L
mælk
35 108 100
USA
kvæg og
bøfler
1,000 L
æbler
700 L
øl
300 L
kartofler
255 L
tomater
184 L
gulerødder
131 L
46 193 000
Kina
21 490 000
Indien
8 954 959 000
USA
5 370 102 000
Brasilien
39 100 000
Brasilien
59 735 680
Tyskland
110 956 304
USA
Et badekar indeholder ca. 140
liter vand
svin
649
11 080 000 000
Kina
fjerkræ
000 000
2 049 445 000
Indonesien
273 080 000
661 702 976
Kina
44 270 000
Vietnam
får og
geder
84 110 000 Kina
Indien
38 600 000
28 980 000
Nigeria
Bangladesh
FAOStAt
19.1
16.8
sukker
WAteRFOOtPRINt.ORG
okse, kalv
svin
fjerkræ
får, geder
NIPPON HAM
2010–
2012 2022
Finally, the treatment of animals in slaughterand are largely defenceless against the compahouses is subject to criticism on two fronts. The
nies’ demands. Back in the 1960s, labour unions
animal welfare movement objects to frequent vioin the meat industry were still strong; in the last
lations of regulations and cruelty to animals, such
two decades they have had a much harder time.
as long transports, inadequate anaesthesia, or
Workers have little say in their work conditions, and
the beatingaf
of alle
animals
theyCrown
are driven
thedem og er verdens største svine­
collective
are unknown
most
Vandforbruget stiger dobbelt så meget som befolkningstilvæksten, og hvis forbruget ikke begrænses,
er der wage agreements
10 firmaer
står for in
88%
af slagtningen
svin.when
Danish
er etin af
of the world.
risiko for, at vandforsyningen kollapser. Landbruget bruger 70% af jordens tilgængelige ferskvand,parts
og især
kødseksportør. Mange stederslaughterhouse.
foregår slagtning af dyr – ofte på brutal vis – væk fra byerne, så folk bliver
The animal rights movement, on the other
In most industrial countries, the slaughterhousproduktionen af animalske fødevarer bruger meget vand. Det kræver omkring 15.500 liter vand at produskånet for brutaliteten. Antallet af slagtedyr er enormt, og især antallet af høns, der We
må lade
livet, er tårnhøjt.
severed
hand, criticizes the mass-slaughter of animals
es have been relocated from the cities to the rural
cere bare et enkelt kilo konventionelt oksekød. En konventionel ko bruger mere vand end en ko, der går på
Dyrevelfærden i konventionelt landbrug bliver ofte kritiseret, fordi dyrene lever
et link
sørgeligt
liv under kumthe
between
as a matter of principle: it says that meat properiphery. The cruelty of slaughtering and images
græs, og den har også en større negativ klimaeffekt. Samtidig mangler 1,1 mia mennesker adgang
til
rent
merlige
forhold.
Mange
af
dem
ser
aldrig
dagslys,
de
har
ingen
plads
at
bevæge
sig
på,
bliver
living animals and kastreret
duction is always associated with violence
of blood and squealing animals have to be hiddrikkevand.
udenand
bedøvelse,
fårrefl
afklippet
hale oganimals.
næb, bliver
får sår,
lever på kolde beton- eller trægulve,
against
Animalmishandlet,
rights activists
do not
den from consumers’ eyes
ears. This
ects
the packaged
transporteret
sammenklemt
opreform
til flereslaughter;
timer, bliver
og vokser så hurtigt, at deres skelet ikke
wanti to
theystressede
want to abolish
a modern social norm:bliver
violence
is banished
from
products
kanand
følge
med. are made it altogether. They say that the meat industry republic view. slaughtering
butchery
gards animals as mere products, whereas society
invisible for the majority. The connection between
should recognize their individuality and capacity for
the meat and the living animal that is trucked to
suffering.
town and dies in the slaughterhouse has been severed. What most consumers now see is only a vac-
Løber vi tør for rent vand?
11
Mindre dyrevelfærd
35
35
35
2
45
2
2
70
arealforbrug
45
45
vandforbrug
energiforbrug
70
70
indkøbte pesticider
arealforbrug
arealforbrug
vandforbrug
vandforbrug
energiforbrug
energiforbrug
indkøbte pesticider
indkøbte pesticider
8
90
90
90
ammoniakudledninger
ammoniakammoniakudledninger
udledninger
8
8
75
75
75 af
udledning
ozon-skadelig
udledning af
methylbromid
udledning af
ozon-skadelig
ozon-skadelig
methylbromid
methylbromid
drivhusgasudledning
drivhusgasudledning
drivhusgasudledning
40
70
1
1
1
70
nitrogenoxid
70
40
40
metan
kuldioxid
nitrogenoxid
nitrogenoxid
metan
metan
kuldioxid
kuldioxid
Vandforurening:
Vandforurening:
Vandforurening:
30*
80*
80*
80* i
nitrater
overfladevand
nitrater i
nitrater i
overfladevand
overfladevand
70*
70*
70*i
fosfor
overfladevand
fosfor i
fosfor i
overfladevand
overfladevand
70*
70*
70* i
nitrater
grundvand
nitrater i
nitrater i
grundvand
grundvand
50*
50*
50*
fosfor i
grundvand
fosfor i
fosfor i
grundvand
grundvand
Miljø og66 klima bliver ødelagt
30*
30*
nitrater i
kystfarvande
nitrater i
nitrater i
kystfarvande
kystfarvande
OeCDOeCD
6
Landbrugets påvirkning af miljøet i industrialiserede lande resulterer i forurening af vand og jord, udledning
af drivhusgasser og begrænsning af levesteder for både dyr og planter.
Kvælstof, som udledes til vandmiljøet, kan forårsage iltmangel og fiskedød. Udvaskning af nitrat kan være
sundhedsskadeligt, hvis det ender i vores grundvand. Begge eksempler er resultater af et overforbrug af
gylle og kunstgødning på landbrugsjordene. Forkert brug af gylle og kunstgødning kan også resultere i, at
næringsstofferne fordamper og ender i atmosfæren. Ifølge Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri står
landbruget i Danmark for 16% af landets samlede udledning af drivhusgasser – og så har ministeriet ikke
medregnet klimapåvirkningen fra produktion af sojafoder, kunstgødning og andre hjælpestoffer.
Stor efterspørgsel af kødprodukter – og dermed foder til dyr – kræver øget foderproduktion, hvilket resulterer
i rydning af regnskov og andre naturområder, når områderne inddrages til landbrugsjord. Konsekvensen
er tab af biodiversitet og reduceret lagring af CO2, som derfor ender i atmosfæren. Det skønnes, at alene
det danske landbrugs efterspørgsel efter foderproteiner giver anledning til udledning af drivhusgasser i en
mængde, der svarer til udledningerne fra over 80% af de danske personbiler.
Hvad kan meat
duandgøre?
be carried into consumers’ kitchens. But
of the WHO, “notorious globe-trotters”. The
imprudent use of antibiotics in one part of the
that is not the only way that humans can be exworld thus poses a threat not only to the local
posed to such superbugs. Resistant bacteria can
3 tips, hvis du vil gøre en forskel:
human population, but endangers the health of
be blown several hundred metres by exhaust fans
• Spis mindre kød og mere plantebaseret protein - få proteiner gennem fx bønner og linser
people
in other parts
the world as well.
of kød
livestock
houses.
bacteria
are abundant
in
• Spis økologisk
hvor du
undgårThe
rester
fra pesticider
og antibiotika,
støtter dyrevelfærd
ogofdyr,
manure,
which
is
spread
on
fields
as
fertilizer.
Once
der ikke har indtaget genmodificeret foder
in the soil,mad
the bacteria can be washed into rivers
• Spis lokalt produceret
and lakes. Bacteria interact both on farms and in
MEAT ATLAS
MEAT ATLAS
Bente Hessellund Andersen, Anita Geertsen og
Nanna by
Langevad
Clifforth,
juni type
2014, of
opdateret
How far we are – antibiotic resistance
pathogen
and
meat juni
in 2015
Germany
Forfatterne kan kontaktes på NOAHs Sekretariat,
tlf.: +45 3536 1212
Percentage of samples. Many pathogens in these groups
of bacteria
can Böll
in humans
leadogtoFriends
serious diarrhoea
and Europe
even death
Figurer:
Heinrich
Stiftung
of the Earth
100
NOAH – Friends of the Earth Denmark
Nørrebrogade 39, 2200 København N
www.noah.dk
[email protected]
80
Salmonella
60
5041
0339
TRYKSAG
eMA
* maksimal værdi
* maksimal værdi
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
OeCD
* maksimal værdi
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
408
Cyprus
Factory farms
are inevitably
breeding dangerous
new strains of
bacteria
KØDatlas
Fakta og figurer om de dyr vi spiser
BVL
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
Theofcause
of was
this marine
desolation
lies
in the
a lack
oxygen
interfering
with their
enzyme
European sales of antimicrobial agents for food-producing animals
balance.
over-fertilization
of the Mississippi basin, where
balance.
The cause of this marine desolation lies in the
6
almost
the United
States’ desolation
feed production
The all
cause
of this marine
lies in and
the
over-fertilization of the Mississippi basin, where
Sales in milligrams per kilogram of meat stock
industrial
farms of
arethe
concentrated.
and
over-fertilization
Mississippi nitrogen
basin, where
almost all the United States’ feed production and
24
biomass, 2011, including horses
phosphorus
washed
down
theproduction
river into and
the
almost all theare
United
States’
feed
industrial farms are concentrated. nitrogen and
Gulf.
There
thesearenutrients
stimulate
the growth
industrial
farms
concentrated.
nitrogen
and
Finland
phosphorus are washed down the river into the
of
algae, aquatic
plants and
bacteria,
which
phosphorus
are washed
down
the river
into use
the
Gulf. There these nutrients stimulate the growth
66
up
theThere
oxygen
dissolved
in the
seawater.
litre of
Gulf.
these
nutrients
stimulate
theA growth
of algae, aquatic plants and bacteria, which use
seawater
holdsand
around
7 milligrams
of
of algae, commonly
aquatic plants
bacteria,
which use
antibiotika anvendes systematisk til
up the oxygen dissolved in the seawater. A litre of
35 Estonia
dissolved
oxygen;
aroundin
thethe
mouths
of theAMissisup the oxygen
dissolved
seawater.
litre of
at bekæmpe sygdomme i landbruget
seawater commonly holds around 7 milligrams of
Latvia
sippi
it holds
less thanholds
2 milligrams.
only organseawater
commonly
around The
7 milligrams
of
dissolved oxygen; around the mouths of the Missisisms
active
here
are
those
that
do
not
depend
on
42
dissolved oxygen; around the mouths of the Missis120
sippi it holds less than 2 milligrams. The only organoxygen
to live.
sippi it holds
less than 2 milligrams. The only organisms active here are those that do not depend on
Lithuania
Us here
marine
Peter
Thomas
says
ismsThe
active
are biologist
those that
do not
depend
on
bakterier forsvarer sig selv ved
oxygen to live.
that around
250,000 square kilometres of coastal
oxygen
to live.
at mutere, og bliver således resisThe Us marine biologist Peter Thomas says
waters
suffer
from severe
seasonalsays
oxTheworldwide
Us marine
biologist
Peter Thomas
tente over for antibiotika
that around 250,000 square kilometres of coastal
ygen
deficiency.
In Asia,
pig kilometres
and poultryoffarms
in
that around
250,000
square
coastal
waters worldwide suffer from severe seasonal oxcoastal
China, Vietnam
and Thailand
pollute the
waters worldwide
suffer from
severe seasonal
ox44
ygen deficiency. In Asia, pig and poultry farms in
south
China sea In
with
nitrogen.
Thepoultry
northern
part of
ygen deficiency.
Asia,
pig and
farms
in
coastal China, Vietnam and Thailand pollute the
Slovakia
the
Caspian
seaVietnam
is loadedand
withThailand
nitrogen that
comes
coastal
China,
pollute
the
resistente bakterier kan trænge
south China sea with nitrogen. The northern part of
down
Volga.
of the seas
south the
China
seaMany
with nitrogen.
Thesurrounding
northern parteuof
ind i menneskets krop, når man
the Caspian sea is loaded with nitrogen that comes
rope
are affected:
the Baltic
the Black
sea,
the Caspian
sea is loaded
withsea,
nitrogen
that comes
spiser kød
192
down the Volga. Many of the seas surrounding euthe
Irish
the
spanish
the Adriatic
down
the sea,
Volga.
Many
of thecoast
seas and
surrounding
europe are affected: the Baltic sea, the Black sea,
104
all
have
zones.
problems
are Black
causedsea,
not
rope
aredead
affected:
theThe
Baltic
sea, the
the Irish sea, the spanish coast and the Adriatic
Hungary
only
by nitrogen
and
phosphorus
also
the Irish
sea, the
spanish
coastpollution,
and the but
Adriatic
all have dead zones. The problems are caused not
antibiotika der anvendes
by
potassium,
drug residues,
disease-causing
orall have
dead zones.
The problems
are caused not
Bulgaria
only by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, but also
til behandling af menneganisms
and heavy
only by nitrogen
andmetals.
phosphorus pollution, but also
by potassium, drug residues, disease-causing orsker
er
ineffektive
mod
It is not justdrug
the residues,
seas: industrialized
livestock
by potassium,
disease-causing
organisms and heavy metals.
de resistente bakterier
production
harms
land too. slurry and manure
ganisms and
heavythe
metals.
It is not just the seas: industrialized livestock
fromIt livestock-producing
are applied,
often
is not just the seas:areas
industrialized
livestock
production harms the land too. slurry and manure
indiscriminately,
the land
soil. They
can pose
even
production harmstothe
too. slurry
and an
manure
from livestock-producing areas are applied, often
greater
threat than the overuse
of applied,
mineral often
fertifrom livestock-producing
areas are
indiscriminately, to the soil. They can pose an even
lizer,
especially on
well-drained
nitrates
are
indiscriminately,
to the
soil. They soils.
can pose
an even
greater threat than the overuse of mineral fertiwashed
down into
thethe
groundwater,
can fertilead
greater threat
than
overuse ofwhich
mineral
lizer, especially on well-drained soils. nitrates are
to
contamination
of our
drinking water
damage
lizer,
especially on
well-drained
soils. and
nitrates
are
washed down into the groundwater, which canKød,
lead mejeriprodukter og æg fra konventionelle husdyr kan indeholde rester af medicin og pesticider, hvilket
our
health.
In our
they can bewhich
converted
into
washed
down
intobodies
the groundwater,
can lead
to contamination of our drinking water and damage
er
skidt for din sundhed.
af antibiotika
for atanimal
undgå receives
sygdomme og
hurtig vækst
thefremme
environment.
Theyi husdevelop further and reprosibleOverforbruget
to ensure that
every single
nitrosamines,
which
aredrinking
suspected
to cause
cancer
to contamination
of our
water
and damage
our health. In our bodies they can be converted into
dyr
resistens
over
for
medicin
til
behandling
af
infektioner
hos
mennesker.
of
oesophagus
and they
stomach.over-fertilization
ourthe
health.
In our bodies
can be converted
intogør, at bakterier udvikler
duce, exchanging genetic information. In doing so,
a sufficient dose of the drug. Diagnostic tests are
nitrosamines, which are suspected to cause cancer
threatens
the which
habitatare
of suspected
nearly all the
endangered
nitrosamines,
to cause
cancer
of the oesophagus and stomach.over-fertilization
they enlarge the pool of bacteria that is resistant to
rarely used to check whether the right kind of antispecies
on the Red and
List stomach.over-fertilization
compiled by the Internaof the oesophagus
Huller i forskningen betyder, at der er uvished om, hvilken effekt sprøjtegiften Round-up har på vores helbred.
threatens the habitat of nearly all the endangered
once-powerful antibiotics.
biotic is being used.
tional
Union
Conservation
nature.
excessive
threatens
theforhabitat
of nearlyofall
the endangered
species on the Red List compiled by the InternaRound-up
bliver brugt bl.a. ved dyrkning af genmodificerede sojabønner. Disse sojabønner udgør så godt
use
of chemical
fertilizers,
pesticides
andInternaherbispecies
on the Red
List compiled
by the
The production of animals and meat is globally
Resistant bacteria can pass from animals to
tional Union for Conservation of nature. excessive
som
cides
harms for
organisms
in theofsoil
and water,
andalt proteinfoderet i det konventionelle landbrug i Danmark.
tional Union
Conservation
nature.
excessive
use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbiconnected
with trade and transport links spanning
humans
in
many
ways.
An
obvious
link
is
the
food
damages
ecosystems.
use of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides harms organisms in the soil and water, and
the
globe.
These
links enable resistant bacteria
chain.
When
the
animals
are
slaughtered
and
procides harms organisms in the soil and water, and
damages ecosystems.
damages ecosystems.
MEAT ATLAS
to spread rapidly. superbugs are, in the words
cessed in an abattoir, the bacteria can colonize the
Tryk: Frederiksberg Bogtrykkeri A/S
the Mississippi, some 20,000 square kilometres of
Escherichia coli
Number of classes
of antibiotics to
which pathogens are
resistent :
4 or more
3
2
35
35
35
2
45
2
2
70
arealforbrug
45
45
vandforbrug
energiforbrug
70
70
indkøbte pesticider
arealforbrug
arealforbrug
vandforbrug
vandforbrug
energiforbrug
energiforbrug
indkøbte pesticider
indkøbte pesticider
8
90
90
90
ammoniakudledninger
ammoniakammoniakudledninger
udledninger
8
8
75
75
75 af
udledning
ozon-skadelig
udledning af
methylbromid
udledning af
ozon-skadelig
ozon-skadelig
methylbromid
methylbromid
drivhusgasudledning
drivhusgasudledning
drivhusgasudledning
40
70
1
1
1
70
nitrogenoxid
70
40
40
metan
kuldioxid
nitrogenoxid
nitrogenoxid
metan
metan
kuldioxid
kuldioxid
Vandforurening:
Vandforurening:
Vandforurening:
30*
80*
80*
80* i
nitrater
overfladevand
nitrater i
nitrater i
overfladevand
overfladevand
70*
70*
70*i
fosfor
overfladevand
fosfor i
fosfor i
overfladevand
overfladevand
70*
70*
70* i
nitrater
grundvand
nitrater i
nitrater i
grundvand
grundvand
50*
50*
50*
fosfor i
grundvand
fosfor i
fosfor i
grundvand
grundvand
Miljø og66 klima bliver ødelagt
30*
30*
nitrater i
kystfarvande
nitrater i
nitrater i
kystfarvande
kystfarvande
OeCDOeCD
6
Landbrugets påvirkning af miljøet i industrialiserede lande resulterer i forurening af vand og jord, udledning
af drivhusgasser og begrænsning af levesteder for både dyr og planter.
Kvælstof, som udledes til vandmiljøet, kan forårsage iltmangel og fiskedød. Udvaskning af nitrat kan være
sundhedsskadeligt, hvis det ender i vores grundvand. Begge eksempler er resultater af et overforbrug af
gylle og kunstgødning på landbrugsjordene. Forkert brug af gylle og kunstgødning kan også resultere i, at
næringsstofferne fordamper og ender i atmosfæren. Ifølge Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri står
landbruget i Danmark for 16% af landets samlede udledning af drivhusgasser – og så har ministeriet ikke
medregnet klimapåvirkningen fra produktion af sojafoder, kunstgødning og andre hjælpestoffer.
Stor efterspørgsel af kødprodukter – og dermed foder til dyr – kræver øget foderproduktion, hvilket resulterer
i rydning af regnskov og andre naturområder, når områderne inddrages til landbrugsjord. Konsekvensen
er tab af biodiversitet og reduceret lagring af CO2, som derfor ender i atmosfæren. Det skønnes, at alene
det danske landbrugs efterspørgsel efter foderproteiner giver anledning til udledning af drivhusgasser i en
mængde, der svarer til udledningerne fra over 80% af de danske personbiler.
Hvad kan meat
duandgøre?
be carried into consumers’ kitchens. But
of the WHO, “notorious globe-trotters”. The
imprudent use of antibiotics in one part of the
that is not the only way that humans can be exworld thus poses a threat not only to the local
posed to such superbugs. Resistant bacteria can
3 tips, hvis du vil gøre en forskel:
human population, but endangers the health of
be blown several hundred metres by exhaust fans
• Spis mindre kød og mere plantebaseret protein - få proteiner gennem fx bønner og linser
people
in other parts
the world as well.
of kød
livestock
houses.
bacteria
are abundant
in
• Spis økologisk
hvor du
undgårThe
rester
fra pesticider
og antibiotika,
støtter dyrevelfærd
ogofdyr,
manure,
which
is
spread
on
fields
as
fertilizer.
Once
der ikke har indtaget genmodificeret foder
in the soil,mad
the bacteria can be washed into rivers
• Spis lokalt produceret
and lakes. Bacteria interact both on farms and in
MEAT ATLAS
MEAT ATLAS
Bente Hessellund Andersen, Anita Geertsen og
Nanna by
Langevad
Clifforth,
juni type
2014, of
opdateret
How far we are – antibiotic resistance
pathogen
and
meat juni
in 2015
Germany
Forfatterne kan kontaktes på NOAHs Sekretariat,
tlf.: +45 3536 1212
Percentage of samples. Many pathogens in these groups
of bacteria
can Böll
in humans
leadogtoFriends
serious diarrhoea
and Europe
even death
Figurer:
Heinrich
Stiftung
of the Earth
100
NOAH – Friends of the Earth Denmark
Nørrebrogade 39, 2200 København N
www.noah.dk
[email protected]
80
Salmonella
60
5041
0339
TRYKSAG
eMA
* maksimal værdi
* maksimal værdi
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
OeCD
* maksimal værdi
Industrielle lande (OeCD medlemmer), 2007–9, %
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
408
Cyprus
Factory farms
are inevitably
breeding dangerous
new strains of
bacteria
KØDatlas
Fakta og figurer om de dyr vi spiser
BVL
Landbrugets andel af den samlede miljøpåvirkning
Theofcause
of was
this marine
desolation
lies
in the
a lack
oxygen
interfering
with their
enzyme
European sales of antimicrobial agents for food-producing animals
balance.
over-fertilization
of the Mississippi basin, where
balance.
The cause of this marine desolation lies in the
6
almost
the United
States’ desolation
feed production
The all
cause
of this marine
lies in and
the
over-fertilization of the Mississippi basin, where
Sales in milligrams per kilogram of meat stock
industrial
farms of
arethe
concentrated.
and
over-fertilization
Mississippi nitrogen
basin, where
almost all the United States’ feed production and
24
biomass, 2011, including horses
phosphorus
washed
down
theproduction
river into and
the
almost all theare
United
States’
feed
industrial farms are concentrated. nitrogen and
Gulf.
There
thesearenutrients
stimulate
the growth
industrial
farms
concentrated.
nitrogen
and
Finland
phosphorus are washed down the river into the
of
algae, aquatic
plants and
bacteria,
which
phosphorus
are washed
down
the river
into use
the
Gulf. There these nutrients stimulate the growth
66
up
theThere
oxygen
dissolved
in the
seawater.
litre of
Gulf.
these
nutrients
stimulate
theA growth
of algae, aquatic plants and bacteria, which use
seawater
holdsand
around
7 milligrams
of
of algae, commonly
aquatic plants
bacteria,
which use
antibiotika anvendes systematisk til
up the oxygen dissolved in the seawater. A litre of
35 Estonia
dissolved
oxygen;
aroundin
thethe
mouths
of theAMissisup the oxygen
dissolved
seawater.
litre of
at bekæmpe sygdomme i landbruget
seawater commonly holds around 7 milligrams of
Latvia
sippi
it holds
less thanholds
2 milligrams.
only organseawater
commonly
around The
7 milligrams
of
dissolved oxygen; around the mouths of the Missisisms
active
here
are
those
that
do
not
depend
on
42
dissolved oxygen; around the mouths of the Missis120
sippi it holds less than 2 milligrams. The only organoxygen
to live.
sippi it holds
less than 2 milligrams. The only organisms active here are those that do not depend on
Lithuania
Us here
marine
Peter
Thomas
says
ismsThe
active
are biologist
those that
do not
depend
on
bakterier forsvarer sig selv ved
oxygen to live.
that around
250,000 square kilometres of coastal
oxygen
to live.
at mutere, og bliver således resisThe Us marine biologist Peter Thomas says
waters
suffer
from severe
seasonalsays
oxTheworldwide
Us marine
biologist
Peter Thomas
tente over for antibiotika
that around 250,000 square kilometres of coastal
ygen
deficiency.
In Asia,
pig kilometres
and poultryoffarms
in
that around
250,000
square
coastal
waters worldwide suffer from severe seasonal oxcoastal
China, Vietnam
and Thailand
pollute the
waters worldwide
suffer from
severe seasonal
ox44
ygen deficiency. In Asia, pig and poultry farms in
south
China sea In
with
nitrogen.
Thepoultry
northern
part of
ygen deficiency.
Asia,
pig and
farms
in
coastal China, Vietnam and Thailand pollute the
Slovakia
the
Caspian
seaVietnam
is loadedand
withThailand
nitrogen that
comes
coastal
China,
pollute
the
resistente bakterier kan trænge
south China sea with nitrogen. The northern part of
down
Volga.
of the seas
south the
China
seaMany
with nitrogen.
Thesurrounding
northern parteuof
ind i menneskets krop, når man
the Caspian sea is loaded with nitrogen that comes
rope
are affected:
the Baltic
the Black
sea,
the Caspian
sea is loaded
withsea,
nitrogen
that comes
spiser kød
192
down the Volga. Many of the seas surrounding euthe
Irish
the
spanish
the Adriatic
down
the sea,
Volga.
Many
of thecoast
seas and
surrounding
europe are affected: the Baltic sea, the Black sea,
104
all
have
zones.
problems
are Black
causedsea,
not
rope
aredead
affected:
theThe
Baltic
sea, the
the Irish sea, the spanish coast and the Adriatic
Hungary
only
by nitrogen
and
phosphorus
also
the Irish
sea, the
spanish
coastpollution,
and the but
Adriatic
all have dead zones. The problems are caused not
antibiotika der anvendes
by
potassium,
drug residues,
disease-causing
orall have
dead zones.
The problems
are caused not
Bulgaria
only by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, but also
til behandling af menneganisms
and heavy
only by nitrogen
andmetals.
phosphorus pollution, but also
by potassium, drug residues, disease-causing orsker
er
ineffektive
mod
It is not justdrug
the residues,
seas: industrialized
livestock
by potassium,
disease-causing
organisms and heavy metals.
de resistente bakterier
production
harms
land too. slurry and manure
ganisms and
heavythe
metals.
It is not just the seas: industrialized livestock
fromIt livestock-producing
are applied,
often
is not just the seas:areas
industrialized
livestock
production harms the land too. slurry and manure
indiscriminately,
the land
soil. They
can pose
even
production harmstothe
too. slurry
and an
manure
from livestock-producing areas are applied, often
greater
threat than the overuse
of applied,
mineral often
fertifrom livestock-producing
areas are
indiscriminately, to the soil. They can pose an even
lizer,
especially on
well-drained
nitrates
are
indiscriminately,
to the
soil. They soils.
can pose
an even
greater threat than the overuse of mineral fertiwashed
down into
thethe
groundwater,
can fertilead
greater threat
than
overuse ofwhich
mineral
lizer, especially on well-drained soils. nitrates are
to
contamination
of our
drinking water
damage
lizer,
especially on
well-drained
soils. and
nitrates
are
washed down into the groundwater, which canKød,
lead mejeriprodukter og æg fra konventionelle husdyr kan indeholde rester af medicin og pesticider, hvilket
our
health.
In our
they can bewhich
converted
into
washed
down
intobodies
the groundwater,
can lead
to contamination of our drinking water and damage
er
skidt for din sundhed.
af antibiotika
for atanimal
undgå receives
sygdomme og
hurtig vækst
thefremme
environment.
Theyi husdevelop further and reprosibleOverforbruget
to ensure that
every single
nitrosamines,
which
aredrinking
suspected
to cause
cancer
to contamination
of our
water
and damage
our health. In our bodies they can be converted into
dyr
resistens
over
for
medicin
til
behandling
af
infektioner
hos
mennesker.
of
oesophagus
and they
stomach.over-fertilization
ourthe
health.
In our bodies
can be converted
intogør, at bakterier udvikler
duce, exchanging genetic information. In doing so,
a sufficient dose of the drug. Diagnostic tests are
nitrosamines, which are suspected to cause cancer
threatens
the which
habitatare
of suspected
nearly all the
endangered
nitrosamines,
to cause
cancer
of the oesophagus and stomach.over-fertilization
they enlarge the pool of bacteria that is resistant to
rarely used to check whether the right kind of antispecies
on the Red and
List stomach.over-fertilization
compiled by the Internaof the oesophagus
Huller i forskningen betyder, at der er uvished om, hvilken effekt sprøjtegiften Round-up har på vores helbred.
threatens the habitat of nearly all the endangered
once-powerful antibiotics.
biotic is being used.
tional
Union
Conservation
nature.
excessive
threatens
theforhabitat
of nearlyofall
the endangered
species on the Red List compiled by the InternaRound-up
bliver brugt bl.a. ved dyrkning af genmodificerede sojabønner. Disse sojabønner udgør så godt
use
of chemical
fertilizers,
pesticides
andInternaherbispecies
on the Red
List compiled
by the
The production of animals and meat is globally
Resistant bacteria can pass from animals to
tional Union for Conservation of nature. excessive
som
cides
harms for
organisms
in theofsoil
and water,
andalt proteinfoderet i det konventionelle landbrug i Danmark.
tional Union
Conservation
nature.
excessive
use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbiconnected
with trade and transport links spanning
humans
in
many
ways.
An
obvious
link
is
the
food
damages
ecosystems.
use of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides harms organisms in the soil and water, and
the
globe.
These
links enable resistant bacteria
chain.
When
the
animals
are
slaughtered
and
procides harms organisms in the soil and water, and
damages ecosystems.
damages ecosystems.
MEAT ATLAS
to spread rapidly. superbugs are, in the words
cessed in an abattoir, the bacteria can colonize the
Tryk: Frederiksberg Bogtrykkeri A/S
the Mississippi, some 20,000 square kilometres of
Escherichia coli
Number of classes
of antibiotics to
which pathogens are
resistent :
4 or more
3
2