1. No category

CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• A style of architecture begun in Greece after the
Persian Wars (400’s BC)
• This style of architecture spread through the
known world by the work of Alexander the Great
in what became known as the “Hellenistic
World”.
• The Romans were next to pick up this Greek
style and added their own touches to Classical
Architecture.
• It was revived during the Renaissance. It still is
the most influential style used today.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Classical Architecture can be divided into
three phases: Greek, Hellenistic, Roman.
• The Classical orders are ancient styles of
classical building design distinguished by
the type of column and entablature
(architrave, frieze and cornise) used.
• There are five recognized orders: Doric,
Ionic and Corinthian are Greek; Tuscan
and Composite are Roman.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Parts of a column:
– 3 parts: base, shaft, capital.
• Parts of a classical building
– Upper horizontal part: entablature (part
supported by the column).
– Entablature is divided into: architrave, frieze,
cornice.
– The capital is used to distinguish between the
orders.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Parts of a column:
– Capital: function
is to concentrate
weight of
entablature onto
the shaft
– Entablature: 3
layers:
capital
Shaft
• Architrave: bottom
• Frieze: middle
• Cornice: top
Base
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Measurement:
columns are
measured as a ratio.
It is the diameter of
the shaft at its base
compared to the
height of the column
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Greek Orders:
– Doric:
• originated on Greek mainland.
• Simplest of the orders.
• Short, heavy columns with plain,
round capitals.
• 4-8 diameters in height.
• Shaft: channeled with 20 flutes
– Frieze of Doric order is divided
into triglyphs and metopes:
• Triglyph: 3 vertical bands separated
by grooves
• Metopes: plain or carved reliefs.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Ionic: Originated in Ionia.
– Slender, fluted shaft.
– Large base
– Capital: Two volutes (scrolls).
– 24 flutes in shaft
– Doric triglyph and metope.
– Frieze: continuous ornament: carved figures.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Corinthian order:
– Most ornate of the
orders.
– Slender, fluted
column, 24 flutes
– Ornate capital
decorated with
acanthus leaves.
• Carved with two rows of
leaves and four scrolls.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Roman Orders:
– Tuscan Order:
• very plain design, with a plain shaft, and a simple
capital, base, and frieze.
• Unfluted shaft.
• In proportions it is similar to the Doric order.
– Composite Order:
• Mixed order. Combines the volutes (scrolls) of the
Ionic with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian
order.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Entablature: Upper
section of wall that is
supported by
columns. Consists of
architrave, frieze,
cornice.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Architrave: lowest
section of classic
entablature. Rests
directly on the capital
of the column.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Frieze: Part of
entablature between
the architrave and
cornice. Largely
decorative and is the
most important part of
the entablature.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Cornice: Upper most
section of entablature.
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Elements of Classical
Architecture:
• Triglyph: rectangular block
with 3 flat vertical band, often
decorates a frieze but can
decorate other places as well.
• Metope:
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Metope: part of the
frieze, plain or carved.
triglyph
metope
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
• Pediment: Triangular
space formed at the
roof on a classical
temple.
Ionic
Doric
Corinthian