1. No category

Composition of the blood
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The circulating blood is composed of plasma and cells.
The cells are red cells (or erythrocytes), white cells (or
leucocytes) and platelets.
Blood cells can be identified in blood films stained
with a mixture of basic and acidic dyes.
Normal white cells are divided into polymorphonuclear
leucocytes (or granulocytes) and mononuclear cells.
White Blood Cell
Differential Count
Definition
The relative percentage of each type of
white blood cells in peripheral blood.
This experiment is a part of blood
routine test.
Microscopic exam
 10×
(low fold): overall smear quality,
rouleaux, agglutination or parasites
 100× (oil Len): WBC Diff, RBC
morphology
tail
body
head
Observing direction:
Observe one field and record the number of WBC according to
the different type then turn to another field in the snake-liked
direction
*avoid repeat or miss some cells
Morphology of WBC
in peripheral blood
normal peripheral blood
smear
White blood cells
There are three types of
granulocyte named
according to their staining
characteristics in blood
films. They are
neutrophils,eosinophils and
basophils.
 Mononuclear cells are
divided into lymphocytes
and monocytes.
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Stab neutrophil
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Diameter:12-16
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Cytoplasm : pink
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Granules : primary &
secondary
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Nucleus : dark purple
blue
dense chromatin
Band form Neutrophils
There are smaller numbers
of cells of neutrophil lineage
with
non-segmented nuclei. They
are referred to as neutrophil
band cells or band forms.
They are less mature than
segmented neutrophils.
 An increased number of
band cells is referred to as a
left shift'.
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Segmented neutrophil
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Diameter: 12-16
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Cytoplasm: very pale blue
Granules: primary
secondary
lilac-staining (purple)
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Nucleus: dark purple blue
dense heterogeneous
chromatin
Neutrophils
The neutrophils in the
circulating blood are
mainly mature
segmented neutrophils.
 neutrophilic because
they owe their colour
to uptake of both
the acidic and the basic
components of the
stain
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Eosinophil
Diameter: 14-16
 Cytoplasm : full of granules
 Granules: large retractile
orange-red
 Nucleus: blue
dense chromatin
2 lobes like a pair of glass
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Basophil
 Diameter:
14-16
 Cytoplasm: pink
 Granules: dark blue –
black obscure nucleus
 Nucleus: blue
Lymphocyte
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Diameter: small 7-9
large 12-16
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Cytoplasm : rim, clear, pale blue
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Granules: small (a granular)
large (a variable number of
azurophilic pinkish-purple granules)
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Nucleus: dark blue \round
dense homogeneous
chromatin
Lymphocytes divided into
B(20%) &T(70%) both of them
divided into small , large
Normal lymphocytes
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Lymphocytes are the
smallest WBC.
They have large
condensed nucleus,
with a scanty pale blue
cytoplasm.
Monocyte
Diameter: 14-20(are the
largest normal blood cells)
 Cytoplasm: grey blue
 Granules: dust-like lilac
color granules(purple)
 Nucleus: blue
large irregularly shaped
and folded
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Normal monocyte
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Monocytes are the
largest WBC.
The nucleus is slightly
indented .
The cytoplasm is
abundant, sky blue in
colour.
Some have vacuoles in
the cytoplasm.
Commonly used evacuated tubes
(with the corresponding color coding and additive)
STOPPER COLOR
ADDITIVE
RED
None
Red/gray, red/black
Contains separator material
Lavender
EDTA
Orange
Thrombin
Accelerates clot formation
Blue
Na Citrate
Binds calcium
Gray
Green
a. Na flouride/K oxalate
b. Iodoacetate
Heparin
ACTION
Allows blood to clot
Material serves as a barrier
between serum & cells
Binds calcium
Inhibits glycolytic
enzyme
Inhibits thrombin
activation