Yellow Fever Virus By Wendy Buahin Cheryl Lamptey Objectives      Background on Yellow Fever History of Yellow Fever What type of virus is it? Current events and topics Questions and Comments What is Yellow Fever?  Acute viral disease  Caused by an aborvirus  RNA virus  Mosquitoes are the 1̊ vector  Human and Monkeys are affected Life Cycle of Yellow Fever Mosquito Parasite Environment Humans & Monkeys Aedes aegypti Aedes simpsoni Aedes africanus Mosquito Anatomy www.insecta-inspecta.com/ mosquitoes/malaria/ An Electron Micrograph of YFV http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/cdc/2176.html YFV History Outbreak in Philadelphia Spanish American War-1898 Virginia Outbreaks Dr. Walter Reed Dr. Carlos Finlay Dr. Walter Reed Bold Experiment Dr. Carlos Finlay YFV Vaccine    Used since the 1930’s Scientists at the Rockefeller Foundation in New York developed a live vaccine (17D) The 17D vaccine was first tested in 1936 in New York and in 1937 in Brazil. Endemic Zones Classification     Group:Group IV ((+)ssRNA) Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Species: Yellow fever virus YFV Complete Genome http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=genome&gi=10413 Accession: NC_002031 Total Bases Sequenced: 10862 bp Completed: Jan 14, 2003. Karyotype Comparative Virology of YFV    Mosquito borne flaviviruses Tick-borne flaviviruses NS5 and interferon Current Issues & Topics  Minas Gerias, Brazil -Between January and March 2001, an outbreak of jaundice and hemorrhagic fever occurred in the state of Minas Gerias, Southeast region of Brazil, in which a mortality rate of 53% was reported. Seroconversion, virus isolation, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identified yellow fever virus (YFV) as the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak. Partial nucleotide sequence analysis from a fragment of the YFV genome spanning parts of nonstructural (NS) 5 gene and 3’ noncoding region (3’ UTR) showed that the YFV involved in this outbreak belongs to South American genotype 1 and differs from the Brazilian virus identified in 1966. J Med. Virol. 68:620-627, 2002  Norfolk, Virginia- The steamer Ben Franklin en route to NY from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands which had a YF epidemic raging, made an emergency stop at Hampton Roads. Her cargo contained the larvae of the Aedes aegypti and was a “Pandora’s Box”. By beginning of the winter frost 2,000 people had perished. http://www.norkolkhistorical.org/highlights.36.html References       http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.scholar.google.com http://www/cdc.gov http://www.astdhpphe.org Journal of Medical Virology 68:680-627 (2002) Questions & Comments