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Chapter 14
Leadership, Ethics,
and Responsibility
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Purpose of This Chapter
To help you explore the important roles
that leadership and ethics play in our
society as well as in your life as a student,
an employee, and in your personal life.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
A
R
E
A leader is a dealer in hope.
(Napoleon Bonaparte)
Y
O
U
R
E
A
D
Y
?
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Learning Outcomes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Identify leadership traits, skills, styles, and
theories.
Examine how ethics and responsibility affect
your interpersonal relationships as well as your
academic and professional life.
Explore varying concepts of teamwork and its
importance in the classroom and in the
workplace.
Use ethical principles to guide your personal,
academic, and professional life.
Appreciate a balance of student rights and
responsibilities to create the best opportunity
for learning and success.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Leadership—Group Think
1.
List 1–2 people whose leadership you
appreciate. (consider anyone—classmate,
teacher, boss, politician, community leader)
2.
List 2–3 reasons why you believe each is a
good leader.
3.
Quickly share the leaders you chose and why.
(Record the whys.)
4.
From this, compose a group definition stating
what you think: “A good leader is _______.”
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Leadership Discussion
1.
What difficulties did you have in deriving
your definition of a good leader?
2.
Now share your group definition with the
class.
3.
Note similarities and differences among
the definitions.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Some Successful Leadership Traits
(from your textbook)
•
•
Intelligence
Ability to organize thoughts and articulate ideas
• Ability to motivate others
• Sense of fairness
• Helpfulness
• Creativity
• Good problem solver
• Ability to compromise


Are there other traits you would add to this list?
Name a leader you know of that posseses most of
these traits. (Please respect all contributions.)
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Developing Leadership Skills
1.
The next three slides identify six different
types of leaders.
2.
After reviewing the six, which one or two
would you aspire to be?
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Six Leadership Theories
Which Do You Prefer?
1.
Behavioral theories—This theory of leadership
assumes people lead because they care about
people, respond to other people’s needs, are
genuinely interested in other people, can
select the best approach to a problem, and are
able to be decisive in crisis situations.
2.
Contingency theories—This theory suggests
that leadership is variable, that it depends on
the particular situation, the characteristics of
the people involved, the context of the
particular group, the style of the leader, and
whether the leader is trusted or not.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
6 Leadership Theories continued
3.
Situational theories—Leaders choose the best
course of action based upon situational
variables. Different styles of leadership may be
more appropriate for certain types of decisionmaking.
4.
Participative leadership theories—Leaders
take the input of others into account. They also
help group members feel more relevant and
committed to the decision-making process.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
6 Leadership Theories continued
5.
Relationship (Transformational)—Leaders
motivate and inspire people by helping group
members see the importance and higher good
of the task. They are focused on the
performance of group members, but also want
each person to fulfill his or her potential.
6.
Management (Transactional) theories—These
theories base leadership on a system of
reward and punishment. When employees are
successful, they are rewarded; when they fail,
they are reprimanded or punished.

Of course, there are many more leadership theories.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Think about it!
1.
Do you believe leaders are born, or can
leadership be learned?
2.
What can you do to develop leadership skills?
3.
How does the Golden Rule play a role in
leadership?
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Leadership is
a Developmental Process
“The leadership instinct you are born with is
the backbone.
You develop the funny bone and the
wishbone that go with it.”
—Elaine Agather
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
As you can see there are many
theories of leadership, and this
means there are also many
roles adopted by leaders.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Role of the Leader
1.
2.
3.
The role of the leader may be to guide,
support, or direct those he/she leads.
Group members also take on roles or patterns
of behavior.
Two theorists on group behavior were Kenneth
Benne and Paul Sheats, who wrote an
influential article titled “Functional Roles of
Group Members” back in the 1940s, and their
work remains relevant today.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Three Categories of Group Roles
Defined by Benne and Sheats
1.
Task roles—relate to getting the work done.
Roles needed to take a project step-by-step
from initial conception through to action.
2.
Personal/social roles—contribute to the
positive functioning of the group.
3.
Dysfunctional or individualistic roles—disrupt
group progress and weaken its cohesion.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
What roles as a group member do you
play most often?
 As we review the following roles,
reflect on which roles you have
played as a group member.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Task Roles
(Benne and Sheats)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Initiator/Contributor—Proposes original ideas or
different ways of approaching group problems or goals.
This role initiates discussions and move groups into
new areas of exploration.
Information Seeker—Requests clarification of
comments in terms of their factual adequacy. Seeks
expert information or facts relevant to the problem.
Determines what information is missing and needs to
be found before moving forward.
Information Giver—Provides factual information to the
group. Is seen as an authority on the subject and
relates own experience when relevant.
Opinion Seeker—Asks for clarification of the values,
attitudes, and opinions of group members. Checks to
make sure different perspectives are spoken.
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Task Roles continued
(Benne and Sheats)
5.
6.
7.
8.
Opinion Giver—Expresses his or her own opinions
and beliefs about the subject being discussed. Often
states opinions in terms of what the group “should” do.
Elaborator—Takes other people’s initial ideas and
builds on them with examples, relevant facts and data.
Also looks at the consequences of proposed ideas and
actions.
Coordinator—Identifies and explains the relationships
between ideas. May pull together a few different ideas
and make them cohesive.
Orienter—Reviews and clarifies the group’s position.
Provides a summary of what has been accomplished,
notes where the group has veered off course, and
suggests how to get back on target.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Task Roles continued
(Benne and Sheats)
Evaluator/Critic—Evaluates the proposals against a
predetermined or objective standard. Assesses the
reasonableness of a proposal and looks at whether it is
fact-based and manageable as a solution.
10. Energizer—Concentrates the group’s energy on
forward movement. Challenges and stimulates the
group to further action.
11. Procedural Technician—Facilitates group discussion
by taking care of logistical concerns like where
meetings are to take place and what supplies are
needed for each meeting.
12. Recorder—Acts as the Secretary or Minute-Keeper.
Records ideas and keeps track of what goes on at each
meeting.
9.
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Personal and/or Social Roles
(Benne and Sheats)
Encourager—Affirms, supports and praises
the efforts of fellow group members.
Demonstrates warmth and provides a positive
attitude in meetings.
2. Harmonizer—Conciliates differences between
individuals. Seeks ways to reduce tension and
diffuse a situation by providing further
explanations or using humor.
3. Compromiser—Offers to change his or her
position for the good of the group. Willing to
yield position or meet others half way.
1.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Personal and/or Social Roles continued
(Benne and Sheats)
4.
5.
6.
Gatekeeper/Expediter—Regulates flow of
communication. Makes sure all members have a
chance to express themselves by encouraging the shy
and quiet members to contribute their ideas. Limits
those who dominate the conversation and may suggest
group rules or standards that ensure everyone gets a
chance to speak up.
Observer/Commentator—Provides feedback to the
group about how it is functioning. Often seen when a
group wants to set, evaluate, or change its standards
and processes.
Follower—Accepts what others say and decide even
though he or she has not contributed to the decision or
expressed own thoughts. Seen as a listener, not a
contributor.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Dysfunctional and/or Individualistic Roles
1.
(Benne and Sheats)
Aggressor—Makes personal attacks using belittling
and insulting comments, for example, “That’s the most
ridiculous idea I’ve ever heard.” Actions are usually an
attempt to decrease another member’s status.
2.
Blocker—Opposes every idea or opinion that is put
forward and yet refuses to make own suggestions, for
example, “That’s not a good idea.” The result is that the
group stalls because it can’t get past the resistance.
3.
Recognition Seeker—Uses group meetings to draw
personal attention to him or herself. May brag about
past accomplishments or relay irrelevant stories that
paint him or her in a positive light. Sometimes pulls
crazy stunts to attract attention like acting silly, making
excess noise, or otherwise directing members away
from the task at hand.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Dysfunctional and/or Individualistic Roles
continued
4.
5.
6.
(Benne and Sheats)
Self-confessor—Uses the group meetings as an avenue
to disclose personal feelings and issues. Tries to slip these
comments in under the guise of relevance, such as “That
reminds me of a time when…” May relate group actions to
his or her personal life. For example, if two others are
disagreeing about something, the Self-confessor may say,
“You guys fight just like me and my wife.”
Disrupter/Playboy or Playgirl—Uses group meetings as
fun time and a way to get out of real work. Distracts other
people by telling jokes, playing pranks, or even reading
unrelated material.
Dominator—Tries to control the conversation and dictate
what people should be doing. Often exaggerates his or her
knowledge and will monopolize any conversation claiming
to know more about the situation and have better solutions
than anybody else.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Dysfunctional and/or Individualistic Roles
continued
(Benne and Sheats)
7.
Help Seeker—Actively looks for sympathy by
expressing feelings of inadequacy. Acts helpless, self
deprecating and unable to contribute, e.g. “I can’t help
you; I’m too confused and useless with this stuff.”
8.
Special Interest Pleader—Makes suggestions based
on what others would think or feel. Avoids revealing his
or her own biases or opinions by using a stereotypical
position instead, for example, “The people over in
Admin sure wouldn’t like that idea” or “You know how
cheap our suppliers are, they won’t go for that.”
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Teamwork
1.
Leading teamwork is increasingly becoming
an expectation in the classroom and in the
workplace.
2.
Teamwork is working together as a group
toward a common goal.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Team Discussions
TASK: Each Team will discuss one of the following 7 quotes
and determine what the quote means to the group. Upon
completion your group will share your meaning.
• Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common
vision—the ability to direct individual accomplishments
toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows
common people to attain uncommon results. (Andrew
Carnegie)
• People have been known to achieve more as a result of
working with others than against them. (Dr. Allan Fromme)
• In order to have a winner, the team must have a feeling of
unity; every player must put the team first—ahead of
personal glory. (Paul Bear Bryant)
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
More Quotes

Without forgiveness, there can be no real freedom to
act within a group. (Max DePree)

Effective teamwork is all about making a good, wellbalanced salad—not whipping individuals into a single
batch of V8. (Sandra Richardson, OD Consultant)

Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins
championships. (Michael Jordan)

Conflict is inevitable in a team ... in fact, to achieve
synergistic solutions, a variety of ideas and
approaches are needed. These are the ingredients for
conflict. (Susan Gerke, IBM, Leadership Development)
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Team Process Discussion
1.
List difficulties your team experienced in
determining the meaning of the quote.
2.
What type of leadership would have
helped your team complete the task
more effectively?
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
ESSENCE OF TEAMWORK
 “Teamwork
is the deliberate surrender and
giving up of a member’s personal interest
for the benefit of the whole team.”
 “The
strength of the chain lies in its
weakest point.”
Quotes from: TEAMWORK: AN INDISPENSABLE VALUE IN THE
WORKPLACE by Dr. Eddie R. Babor, LL.B.
 Reflect on the two quotes above.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Ethics and Responsibility
We expect our leaders
as well as all people
we live and work with
to be ethical.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Ethics
1.
2.
3.
Ethics are a set of values.
Ethical principles provide a framework
that we can use to resolve ethical issues
in our daily lives.
These principles can be applied to our
interpersonal relationships as well as to
our academic or professional lives.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (from the text)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Respect autonomy.
Do no harm.
Benefit others.
Be just.
Be faithful.
Note: regardless of differences, these principles
are generally accepted by most cultures.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
How do we use the ethical principles
to guide our lives?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In the classroom
In dating
In marriage/partnerships
At the workplace
Other places or situations
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Class Share
 What challenges have you faced in trying
to uphold/observe these ethical principles
while in college?
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Value Systems
 Values
are what we choose to be
worthwhile or believe to have merit, such
as truthfulness, respect for others,
confidentiality, etc.
 Value
systems are the way we organize,
prioritize, and make decisions based on
our values.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Class Discussion
1.
Consider the value systems of today’s
youth.
2.
What is different now as compared to
when the parents of today’s youth were
growing up?
3.
What social factors impact the ethics and
values of youth today?
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Our School’s Honor Code
 What is our school’s honor code?
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Student Rights
and
Responsibilities
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Having both rights and responsibilities
as a student creates the best
opportunity for student
learning and success.
—Janet Amos
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Student Bill of Rights
1.
2.
3.
4.
Review the Student Bill of Rights listed in
the text.
Think about a conflict or challenge you
experienced with your rights as a
student.
How did you react?
OR How did you overcome this
conflict/challenge?
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Student Responsibilities
1.
2.
3.
Review the Student Responsibilities
listed in the text.
Which responsibilities do you want to
improve on?
OR Which responsibilities do you wish
others would improve on?
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Key Chapter Points
1.
2.
3.
Successful leadership traits include
intelligence, ability to organize and articulate
thoughts and ideas, motivate others, be fair, be
helpful, be creative, solve problems, and
compromise.
It is important to understand the various facets
of leadership in order to determine how you
will develop your leadership style.
Leading teamwork is increasingly becoming
an expectation in the classroom and in the
workplace.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Key Chapter Points
4.
5.
6.
continued
Leadership is a developmental process.
Ethical principles provide a framework
that we can use to resolve ethical issues
in our daily lives.
Having both rights and responsibilities as
a student creates the best opportunity for
student learning and success.
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.
Help others get ahead. You will always stand taller
with someone else on your shoulders.
—Bob Moawad Business Leader
Copyright © 2010 by Tapestry Press, Ltd.