Rhys Griffiths FCAI 30 July 2013  A global industry  Motorcycles are not cars  Safety / Technology in motorcycles  Challenges   In 2008 there was an estimated 301 million PTWs in regular use around the world This represents a near doubling of the figure from 2000  90% of these PTWs are found in Asia  38 million new PTWs sold in 2008  85% of all new PTWs sold in Asia  Estimated 3.5 – 4 million people employed worldwide in industry, directly & indirectly       Australian PTW estimated park in 2012 is 709,000 This represents 4.25% of all registered vehicles in Australia Globally the Australian market represents only 0.25% of total sales 92,000 PTWs sold in Australia in 2012 Motorcycle and related industries in Australia employ approximately 5,500 people Estimated contribution of $3.6 billion to Australian economy      Australian market is unique in Asia Pacific Australian market is more closely aligned with USA and Europe Market is broadly divided into three PTW segments, Off-Road (41%), Road (47%) and Scooter (12%) However within Off-road and Road segments there are several sub-categories, further dividing the market USA Significant percentage of Off-road product is not or non registrable     Motorcycles are, in a vast majority of cases, a non-essential (discretionary) purchase Motorcycles are, in a vast majority of instances, used for recreation, even on public roads The usage of motorcycles, and type of motorcycles spans all types imaginable The demographic of motorcycle riders is as broad as society itself    Motorcycles are a single track vehicle Technology that is applicable to motorvehicles may not be applicable to motorcycles Skills required to control a motorcycle are unique  Design ◦ Chassis  Powertrain ◦ Engine configuration; drive mechanism  Ergonomics ◦ Wind / weather protection; comfort; control  Suspension ◦ Suitable for different terrain; adjustable  Tyres ◦ Suitable for terrain; grip; wear; punctures  Motorcycle Brake Systems ◦ Motorcycle Brakes are usually separated into front and rear with independent actuation ◦ Requires skill and practice to achieve optimum performance ◦ If over applied cause wheel lockup and loss of stability  Antilock Braking Systems ◦ Now small, lightweight and unobtrusive ◦ High powered processing units ◦ Specifically adapted to motorcycle needs ◦ Will be mandatory fitment for motorcycles above 125cc from 2016 (for new type approvals) and for all new vehicles from 2017 (Europe) ◦ Enduro and Trials motorcycles are exempted ◦ USA appears to have little appetite to strongly pursue mandating ABS ◦ Approximately 80% of motorcycles on sale in Australia (FCAI members) have ABS either as standard fitment or as an option* ◦ ABS not appropriate for all riding conditions. Offroad trail / enduro / motocross etc. style motorcycles not suited to ABS  ABS is one technical aid that can, if used appropriately, help in some potential accident situations ◦ Research has shown that a relatively small proportion of accidents result from over application of brakes resulting on a motorcycle “overturn” (about 1% front wheel, and 8% rear wheel) (MAIDS, 2004 and Hurt et al, 1981) ◦ Some academic ABS research, using extrapolated and comparative data draws unrealistic conclusions about the potential benefits of ABS  Intelligent Transport Systems     Manufacturers are aware of the potential societal benefits of ITS (vehicles, infrastructure and traffic systems) Vehicle usage, aspects such as size, usage and exposure to environment and vehicle dynamics vary considerably, as well as from vehicle to vehicle Deployment will depend on rider acceptance Individual manufacturers working on ITS and solutions. Challenge will be harmonisation and agreement on what technology to pursue  Traction Control Systems ◦ Already in use in conjunction with ABS systems ◦ Multi adjustable to suit riding conditions ◦ Not suitable for all road conditions or riding types ◦ Needs to be able to be deactivated on motorcycles with off-road capability  Motorcycle Rider Protection ◦ Personal Protective Gear      New materials and impact absorbent protection Lightweight helmets Kevlar / Carbon fibre clothing Heated clothing Hi Visibility Clothing  Create and deliver value; ◦ Integrating technology at an affordable price  Factors to be considered; ◦ Worldwide markets ◦ Urban transport vs. recreation ◦ Design and development cycle  Understanding the issue ◦ Accident Data collection ◦ Licencing (dual challenges)  Transport Policy ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  Congestion Road Safety Protective Clothing Road Surface Training ◦ Appropriate and affordable training  Choosing the correct motorcycle ◦ Licence and usage ◦ Understanding the risk ◦ Protective Clothing  Application of knowledge ◦ Initial Training, and refresher training ◦ Minimising the risk  Understanding limitations ◦ Both Motorcycle and rider  Motorcycle industry is a global industry; ◦ Australia accounts for only 0.25% of Global Motorcycle sales ◦ Australia cannot drive Global market requirements  Industry continues to innovate; ◦ Manufacturers continue to seek competitive advantage through application of technology ◦ Driven by competition  Challenges; ◦ Rider safety; Customer mindset, understanding riders motivation to be safe  You cannot engineer a solution to a behavioural problem