End of Semester Review Fall 2011 Round 1 Ecology, biochemistry What is immigration? • What is emigration? • Who helped disprove the idea of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from fly eggs and NOT from meat? • A) Francesco Redi • B) John Needham • C) Lazzaro Spallanzi • D) Louis Pasteur Answer • A) Francesco Redi • A hospital patient had a serious bacterial infection that required treatment with strong anitbiotics. The patient recovered from the infection, but experienced side effects, including oral fungal infections and digestive problems. What is the most probable reason for the side effects? • A) The patient experienced an allergic reaction to the antibiotics • B) The patient had not fully recovered from the infection. • C) The anitbiotic killed both harmful and beneficial bacteria • D) The anitbiotic encouraged an overgrowth of beneficial bacteria Answer • C) The anitbiotic killed both harmful and beneficial bacteria • Draw a Logistic Growth curve. • When a new volcanic island forms, the pioneer species is the first species to successfully inhabit the island. Which organism is the most likely candidate for a pioneer species? • A) A seagull hatched from an egg laid on the island • B) A palm tree grown from a coconut that washed onto shore • C) Algae spores deposited on rocks by the wind • D) Insects larvae carried on a piece of driftwood Answer • C) Algae spores deposited on rocks by the wind • Louise places 1 bacterium in a Petri dish at time 0. The population increases exponetially, doubling every hour, and there are no limiting factors. How many bacteria will be in the Petri dish after 6 hrs ? • A) 6 • B) 16 • C) 32 • D) 64 • D) 64 • A flagellated protozoan lives within the intestines of a termite and helps it digest wood. What type of relationship most likely exists between the protozoan and the termite? • A) competitive • B) Mutualistic • C) Parasitic • D) Predatory Answer • B) Mutualistic • Draw an exponetial growth curve. • Which level of organization best describes a group of living organisms and their abiotic environment? • A) community • B) ecosystem • C) niche • D) population • B) ecosystem • Which path best illustrates one way energy travels through a forest ecosystem consisting of mouse owl, plant, snake, and sun? • A) SunPlantOwlSnakeMouse • B) SunPlantMouseSnakeOwl • C) PlantSunSnakeOwlMouse • D) MouseOwlSnakePlantSun Anwswer • B) SunPlantMouseSnakeOwl Answer • B • What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that can form between a single carbon atom and 1 or more hydrogen atoms? • A) 1 • B) 2 • C) 3 • D) 4 Answer • D) 4 • Jenna’s favorite breakfast food, papaya, contains significant amounts of the enzyme papain (a protease). What substance does papain help digest? • A) carbohydrates • B) fatty acids • C) nucleic acids • D) proteins Answer • D) proteins • Breaking which type of bond would require the most energy? • A) covalent • B) Electrostatic • C) Hydrogen • D) intermolecular Answer • A) Covlaent • What are the four Macromolecules? Answer • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Proteinds • Nucleic acids • Which solution has the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)? • A) Urine (pH 6.0) • B) Rainwater (pH 5.5) • C) Tomato (pH 4.0) • D) Gastric juice (pH 2.0) • A) Urine (pH 6.0) • How do enzyme speed up chemical reactions? • A) By reducing activation energy • B) By reducing energy produced by the reaction • C) By increasing activation energy • D) By increasing energy producing by the reaction Answer • A) By reducing activation energy Round 2 Cell structure and function, osmosis and diffusion respiration and photosynthesis, • Breathing heavily after running a race is your bodies way of : • A) Making more ATP • B)Repaying the oxygen debt • C) restarting glycolysis • D) recharging the electron transport chain Answer • B) Repaying an oxygen debt http://files.myopera.com/sandrazurcher/bl og/WOC%20sprint2_Will%20Smith.jpg • Unlike photosythesis, cellular respiration occurs in: • A) animal cells only • B) Plant cells only • C) All but plant cells • D) All Eukaryotic cells Answer • D) ALL Eukaryotic cells • The Starting molecule for Kreb Cycle is: • A) Glucose • B)NADH • C) Pyruvic acid • D) Coenzyme A Answer • C) Pyruvic Acid http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_gfJNTQHDtXs/TGRQcZR4eGI/AAAAAAAA AkI/5h-eWnf3oz4/s640/tropical_island_screensaver1.jpg • Why do most plants appear green because chlorophyll? Answer • Because they do not absorb green light they reflect it. • Plant cells contain both a cell wall and a cell membrane. What is the composition of the cell wall and where is it located in relation to the cell membrane? Answer • Cellulose, outside of the cell membrane • The light-collecting units of a chloroplast are the: Answers: Photosystems • Energy is released from ATP when: • A) a phosphate group is added • B) adenine bonds to ribose • C) ATP is exposed to sunlight • D) a phosphate group is removed Answer • D) A phosphate group is removed • A scienctist add an specific antibody to the actin protein to a prepared culture of macrophages. The macrophages exhibit active movement before, but not after, treatment. What is the most accurate conclusion about the function of actin? • A) Actin depolymerizes mircrotublar arrays • B) Actin plays a role in the function of pseudopodia • C) Actin disrupts cellular activities in the cytoskeleton • D) Actin guides the movement of chromosomes in macrophages. Answer • B) Actin plays a role in the function of pseudopodia • Red blood cells have a salt content of 0.9%. When a mircrobiologist places red blood cells in pure water, osmosis occurs. What net movement of a substance occurs in this instance of osmosis? • A) Water molecules move out of the cells • B) Water molecules move into the cells • C) Salt ions move out of the cells • D) Salt ions move into the cells Answer • B) Water molecules move into the cells • Megan examines a liver cell and observes an organelle with many smooth-sided channels. Which activity would identify this organelle as the Golgi apparatus? • A) Digestion of macromolecules and old organelles • B) Detoxificaiton of poisionous molecules within the cell • C) Harvesting of energy from organic molecules to make ATP • D) processing and packaging of cellular materials prior to export Answer • D) processing and packaging of cellular materials prior to export • By what process does a sodium ion exit the cell through the plasma membrane? • A) Active transport • B) Exocytosis • C) Facilitated Diffusion • D) Osmosis Answer • A) Active transport • A Paramecium lives in an environment that is hypotonic to its cytoplasm. How does the Paramecium maintain homeostasis under these conditions? • A) It expels water using contractile vacuoles • B) It expels excess water using the sodium-potassium pump • C) It absorbs additional water through osmosis • D) It absorbs additional sodium through facilitated diffusion Answer • A) It expels water using contractile vacuoles • Which process generates most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration? • A) Electron transport chain • B) Fermentation • C) Glycolysis • D) Krebs cycle Answer • A) Electron Transport Chain • While investigating yeast respiration, a researcher detects ethanol in the yeast culture. Which molecules does the yeast culture also contain? • A) Lactic acid and ATP • B) Oxygen and lactic acid • C) Carbon dioxide and ATP • D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide Answer • C) Carbon dioxide and ATP • The presence of which structure indicates that cells are NOT photosynthetic bacteria? • A) Cell wall • B) Chloroplast • C) DNA • D) Ribosomes Answer • B) Chloroplast Round 3 Mitosis and meiosis, Genetics, DNA/RNA, Evolution • What combines with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide? • A) Amino acid • B) Deoxyribose • C) Glycerol • D) Nitogenous Base Answer • D) Nitrogenous Bases • DNA and RNA have many structual similarities.Which structure in DNA and RNA is similar? • A) Prine bases • Be) Pyrimidine bases • C) Type of sugar • D) Attached protein Answer • A) pruine bases Bellwork • The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs, and the resulting mRNA sequence is AUU/ What amino acid will replace Thr? • A) Val • B) Met • C) Ile • D) Ala Answer • C) Ile • Which is the RNA sequence for a section of protein composed of Val-Glu-Ser? • A)GUA-GGG-AGU • B)GUA-GGG-AGC • C) GUG-GAC-GGU • D) GUG-GAG-AGC Answer • D) GUG-GAG-AGC • Which type of evolution exemplifies biological evolution? • A) size of individuals • B) size of population • C) gene pool of a population • D) outward appearance of individuals Answer • C) Gene pool of a population This would be an example of a ____________ in DNA Answer • Mutation • Which criterion is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection? • A) It is heritable • B) It varies among individuals • C) It increases individuals’ life spans • D) It influences individuals’ reproductive success Answer • C) It increases individuals life spans • When comparing 2 populations of animals, which statement most likely indicates that they are the same species? • A) They produce fertile offspring • B) They inhabit the same general area • C) Their outward appearance is similar • D) They consume the same type of diet Answer • A) They produce fertile offspring • What characteristic of early autotrophs gave them an advantage over early heterotrophs? • A) The ate heterotrophs • B) they produced spores • C) They made their own food • D) They reproduced asexually Answer • C) They made their own food In humans, pigmented skin is dominant to nonpigmented skin(albinism). What is the genotype of an individual with albinism? • A) carrier • B) Heterozygous • C) Homozygous Dominant • D) Homozygous recessive Answer • D Homozygous recessive A) B) C) D) AA or Aa AA Aa aa Answer • C) Aa • One of her daughter are affecting meaning they are (XaXa)and one son meaning he would have these alleles (XaY) So the mother had to give them each at least one of the recessive alleles since she had two children which didn’t show the trait and she herself doesn’t show it so she has to have a dominant allele. • A punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT: • A) all possible results of a genetic cross. • B) the genotypes of the offspring. • C) the alleles in the gametes of each parent. • D) the actual results of a genetic cross. • A trisomy of chromosome 21 causes what condition? • A) Albinism • B) Dwarfism • C) Down Syndrome • D) Color blindness Answer • C) Down Syndrome • Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a sex-linked recessive trait that afects the nervous system. In one family, the father, mother, daughter, and elder son do not have ALD, While the younger son has ALD. Who must be a carrier of the ALD allele? • A) Father • B) Mother • C) Daughter • D) Elder Sone Answer • B) Mother In humans, red-green color blindness is a recessive, se-linked trait. The chromosomes and alleles associated with color blindness are represented in this chart Which child could NOT be born to these parents: a female (XBXb) and a male(XBY)? A) color-blind daughter B) Color-blind son C) Daughter with normal vision D) Son with normal vision Answer • A) color-blind daughter Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease in which excess mucus accumulates in the lungs and digestive system of affected individuals. Males and females must inherit 2 alleles with the mutation to have the disease. What is the mode of inheritance of cystic fibrosis? • A) Autosomal dominant • B) Autosomal recessive • C) Sex-linked dominant • D) Sex-linked recessive Answer B) Autosomal recessive • What phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of it’s time in? • Interphase • As a cell becomes larger it’s: • Volume increases faster than its surface area • What is a tumor? • A mass of cancer cells • What is the purpose of mitosis? • To produce 2 cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes • http://www.wiusd.org/wpcontent/uploads/2010/03/img-what-is-downsyndrome.jpg • http://wisciblog.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/02/down-syndrome.png • http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cystic_fibrosi s_inheritance.gif • http://www.pinupsart-n-style.com/images/almondeyes.jpg