 U. of Mississippi  Brooklyn Dodgers  Discrimination  U. of Alabama  N.C. A&T  segregation  Young  Aggressive  Segregation, ?   Black power Others then integrate  Self-determination,  Black  Panthers Oakland neighborhood help  1961  Violence  Mississippi,  Suffrage 1964 Police dogs attacked a seventeen-year-old civil rights demonstrator for defying an antiparade ordinance in Birmingham, Alabama, May 3, 1963. He was part of the “children’s crusade” organized by SCLC in its campaign to fill the city jails with protesters. More than 900 Birmingham schoolchildren went to jail that day. SOURCE:Photo by Bill Hudson.AP/Wide World Photos. MAP 28.2 Impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Voter registration among African Americans in the South increased significantly between 1960 and 1971.  Mexicans  Puerto Ricans  Japanese  Influence?  ++ workers  Problems?  discrimination, exploitation  Social  patriarchy Exploitation, war, racism  Radical  White  Ethnic middle-class  “Chicano”   – young Mexican-Americans, 1960’s Ethnic nationalism Equality  9/16/69  – National boycott “walkout”  Young  Brown Berets  Nationwide  Govt. Species Air, water    April 22, 1970 › First Earth Day  Violence  “Gay  1973 Power” – APA, homosexuality normal sexual orientation MAP 29.1 Urban Uprisings, 1965–1968 After World War II urban uprisings precipitated by racial conflict increased in African American communities. In Watts in 1965 and in Detroit and Newark in 1967, rioters struck out at symbols of white control of their communities, such as white-owned businesses and residential properties.  Watts   1965 Black-White relations FIGURE 29.4 Public Opinion on the War in Vietnam By 1969 Americans were sharply divided in their assessments of the progress of the war and peace negotiations. The American Institute of Public Opinion, founded in 1935 by George Gallup, charted a growing dissatisfaction with the war in Vietnam. SOURCE:The Gallup Poll:Public Opinion,1935 –74 (New York:Random House,1974),p.2189. MAP 29.2 The Southeast Asian War The IndoChinese subcontinent, home to long-standing regional conflict, became the center of a prolonged war with the United States.  Longest  Communism  North vs. South  Vietnamization  April 30, 1975 The massive bombing and ground combat created huge numbers of civilian casualties in Vietnam. The majority killed were women and children. SOURCE:BlackStar/Stockphoto WQXQZ4TN. African American troops in Vietnam, 1970. Serving on the front lines in disproportionate numbers, many black soldiers echoed the growing racial militancy in the United States and increasingly chose to spend their off-duty time apart from white soldiers. SOURCE:Mark Jury, The Vietnam Photo Book . On May 8, 1970 New York construction workers surged into Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, violently disrupting an antiwar rally and attacking the protesters with lead pipes and crowbars. Known as the “hard hat riots,” the well-publicized event was followed later in the month by a march, 100,000 strong, of hard-hat workers unfurling American flags and chanting “All the way U.S.A.” SOURCE:Associated Press,AP photo 6297753. Protests  College students   Violence  Vietnamese refugees  Communism  Diffusion: U.S. and other places  Orange County  50’s – Beat generation  60’s – Hippies Men  Women  Communal  Sexual experimentation – pill  Drugs: LSD  Marijuana   Sexual  revolution Hippies, youngsters  Liberal free speech policies  Penthouse, Hustler  Porn movies  S.F. Valley  Beatles  Bob Dylan   Protest, freedom Motown New Black R&B  Detroit   Music, drugs, youth  Fania    All-Stars “Salsa” N.Y. Caribbean 1972 election: Nixon  CREEP     Wiretap Democratic headquarters: Watergate Caught by security 1974, resigns Richard Nixon bid a final farewell to his White House staff as he left Washington DC on August 9, 1974. The first president to resign from office, Nixon had become so entangled in the Watergate scandal that his impeachment appeared certain. He was succeeded by Vice-President Gerald Ford. After taking the oath of office later that day, President Ford remarked that the wounds of Watergate were “more painful and more poisonous than those of foreign wars.” SOURCE:Bettmann/Corbis BE 023919.