1. education

MDG: Progress in India
Framework

Introduction

Monitoring at international level

Monitoring at national level

What is monitored?

MDG: Progress in India
Goal 1
Goal 2
Goal 3
Goal 4
Goal 5
Goal 6
Goal 7
Goal 8

Challenges

References
Introduction


Sept 2000-Millennium Summit -New York
Millennium Development Goals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.


Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/ AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
Ensure environmental sustainability and
Develop a global partnership for development
To be achieve by 2015
Mid-term evaluation - 2007
Who is monitoring?
At International level
 United Nations, Inter-Agency & Expert Group on MDG

Supporting Agencies
*WHO *World Bank *International labour organization,
*International monetary fund *Food & agricultural organization
of UN *Economic commission of Africa, *UNICEF,
*International telecommunication union *UNs environment
programme * UNs development fund for women, *UNs
development programmes, *WTO, *UNs population fund, *Joint
UNs programme of HIV/AIDS …..etc.

UN’s Statistics Division
www. mdgs.un.org.
Who is monitoring?

At national level
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
Inter ministerial expert committee - Nov 2004

Source agencies
Planning commission, Deptt of Education,
Registrar general & census commissioner,
National sample survey organization,
Ministry of health & family welfare
Ministries of finance, Agriculture, Coal, Petroleum & natural gas,
Power, Urban development & Poverty Alleviation, Rural
development, Water resources, Environment & forests, Health &
family welfare, Human resource development, Communication &
Information technology …….. etc
What is monitored?


18 Targets & 48 Indicators
8 Targets & 18 Indicators directly related to health.
Health related millennium development goal
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Indicator 4. Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
Indicator 5. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Indicator 13: Under-five mortality rate
14: Infant mortality rate
15: Proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Indicator 16: Maternal mortality ratio
17: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Indicator18: HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years
19: Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate
20. Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged
10-14 years
21: Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria
22: Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria prevention
and treatment measures
23. Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
24. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Indicator 29: Proportion of population using solid fuels
30: Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source,
urban and rural
31: Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural
Goal 8: Develop global partnership for development
Indicator 46: Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on sustainable basis.
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose
income is less than one dollar a day
 Indicator 1: Proportion of population below $1 purchasing power parity
(PPP) per day
 Indicator 2: Poverty gap ratio
Indicators related to poverty & hunger
Indicator
Poverty headcount ratio
Poverty gap ratio
Overall
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
198788
38.9
39.1
38.2
1993-94
36.0
37.3
32.4
8.5
8.1
19992000
26.1
27.1
23.6
5.3
5.2
Source: planning commission & Ministry of health & family welfare,2005
Goal 1

Target 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who
suffer from hunger

Indicator 4. Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
NFHS –II (1998-99)- 47% under 3 children underweight
NFHS III (2005-06) - 43% under five children underweight.
Steps for Goal 1
For rural area
1.
Wage employment programme
2.
Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(1999)
3.
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana(2001)
4.
Indira Awas Yojana
5.
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
For Urban area
1.
National slum development programme
2.
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
3.
Valmiki Ambedkar Yojana (VAMBAY)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Public distribution system
Targeted public distribution system:
1.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (2000)
2.
ICDS (1975)
3.
Mid-day meal scheme (1995) Revised 2004
4.
Food for work programme
5.
Annapurna scheme
National nutrition mission (2003)
National guideline on infant & young feeding 2004
NRHM (2005-2012)
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Target 3 Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls
alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
 Indicator 6: Net enrolment ration in primary education
 Indicator 7: Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5
 Indicator 8: Literacy rate of 15- 24 years old
Indicator
199293
Gross enrolment ratio in Overall 84.6
primary education
Male
95.0
Female 73.5
Proportion of children starting overall 55.0
Grade 1 who reach grade 5
Male
56.2
Female 53.3
Adult literacy rate(7 years & overall 52.2*
above)
Male
64.1
female 39.3
200001
95.7
104.9
85.9
59.3
60.3
58.1
64.84
75.26
53.67
Source: Selected educational statistics,2002-03, GOI. *Census of India,1991 & 2001
2004-05
108.56
111.41
105.48
Steps for achieving goal 2















Compulsory free primary education.
Policies are been made
Legislatation
Intervention to support literacy
Bridge gender disparity
1986 – National policy on education made –revised 1992
1992 – Programme of action –Universalizing elementary education.
1995-National programme of nutritional support (expanded 2002, 2004 revised)
1997-98 – Education guarantee scheme (EGS)
2000 – Sarva shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
2002 – Canstitutional 86th amendment act
2004-Cess on taxes for funding basic education.
Programmes of early childhood come & education
Many experimental & innovative project
2004-Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Scheme
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower
women
Target 4 Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education,
preferably by 2005, and at all levels of education no later than 2015




Indicator 9: Ratio of girls to boys in primary , secondary & tertiary
education
Indicator 10: Ratio of literate women to men 15-24 years old
Indicator 11: Share of women in wage employment in the
non-agricultural sector
Indicator 12: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
Proportion of girls(per100 boys) in primary, secondary & higher education
Indicator
Primary education
Secondary
Higher
1991
71
49 %
50 %
2001
78%
63 %
58 %
Literacy ratio in women to men (Age 7 +)
0.72
0.7
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.6
0.58
0.56
0.71
0.61
1991
2001
Share of women’s in wage employment in non agricultural sector
National level - 16%.
Rural -15 %
Urban-16.6%.
Proportion of seats held by women in national
parliament (Lok Sabha)
12
10.61
9.2
10
8
8
6
4.4
4
3.8
2
0
1st
6th
13th
14th
15th
Ministry of human resource development
Steps for achieving goal 3







Free & compulsory primary education for girls
Schemes by UGC
1) Grants to women’s university for teaching courses
2)Construction of women’s hostels,
3)Setting up women study centers in 34 universities.
World bank assisted programme for technical education
43% - women.
No. of women in colleges, universities, professional college increasing
1996 - 97 - 2.14 million
2002 - 03 - 3.81 million
1988 – Total literacy campaign of the national literacy mission (NLM)
1989 – Mahila Samakhya Programme
1999 – NLM revised  goal 75% literacy by 2007 in non literate
15-35 age group.
 Laws




Factory act (1948)
Plantation labour Act (1951)
Contract labour (Regulation and abolition act) 1970)
Inter state migrant workers (Regulation of employment and condition
of services act 1979)
 Minimum wage act – 1948

1993 – Reservation for women

73rd and 74th constitution amendment - 33.3% reservation
Karnataka 45%, Kerala – 36.4% , WB – 35.4% , Tamil Nadu Sarpanch –
36%, UP – 54 % of ZP President were women.

Hindu succession act amendment – equal rights in property.

2004-2009-National common minimum programme
Gender & Poverty


Micro-credit initiatives SHG
Rastriya Mahila Kosh
Initiatives by Dept. of Women & Child development
 STEP programme: Support to Training & employment programme for
women
 Swawlamban programme
 Swayamsiddha project
 Swashakti project
 Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana, Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozger
Yojana - 40% of benefit are for women
 Public sector banks 5% bank credit for lending
Dec. 2004 – aggregate lending was 5.47%.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the
under-five mortality rate
◦ Indicator 13: Under-five mortality rate
◦ Indicator 14: Infant mortality rate
◦ Indicator 15: Proportion of one-year-old children immunized
against measles
Under five mortality
120
109
103.7
100
40
20
0
63.1
60
82
74.6
80
95
74
51.7
119
42
Rural
Urban
Total
Infant Mortality Rate
IMR
80
80
60
40
20
0
74
72
68
60
57
55
IMR
27
IMR
Immunization of child < 12 month against measles
Immunization of child < 12 month
against measles
60
50
50.7
48.4
NFHS 2
NFHS 3
42.2
40
30
20
10
0
NFHS 1
Initiative for goal 4










CSSM (1992)
RCH I( 1997)
RCH II (2005)
New Born care scheme
National Neonatology Forum
Prevention of macro nutrient deficiency
Border district cluster stragety
To reduce IMR and MMR by 50% by 2007
Initiative under immunization programme:
 Mobility support
 Vaccine delivery
 Increased annual expenditure
 Out reach session by AWW & PRI’s
 Auto disabled syringes
IMNCI
Community IMNCI
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Target 6: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the MMR
Indicator 16: Maternal mortality ratio
Indicator 17: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

WHO estimates : 529,000 maternal deaths globally
25.7% in India.
Maternal mortality ratio
500
450
437
407
400
350
301
300
254
250
200
150
109
100
50
0
1991
1998
SRS 2003
SRS 2004-06
2015
Indicator 17: Proportion of births attended by skilled
health personnel
250
76
200
67
150
54
76.9
100
62.3
T.T. injections
65.4
Any ANC visit
Safe delivery
50
34.2
42.3
48.8
0
NFHS 1
NFHS 2
NFHS 3
Initiative for goal 5



CSSM(1992)
RCH (1997)
National Population Policy (2000)
 RCH camps(2001)
 Traning of Dais




RCH II (2005)
Essential obstetrics care
Emergency obstetrics care
Janani Suraksha Yojana(2005)
Vandemataram Scheme
NRHM- ASHA, Streghthening
Goal 6:Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases
Target 7: Have halted by 2015 & begun to reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS
Indicator 18: HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years
19: Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate
20. Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance
of non-orphans aged 10-14 years
Target 8 Have halted by 2015 & begun to reverse the incidence of
malaria & other major Diseases
Indicator 21: Prevalence & death rates associated with malaria
22. Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using
effective malaria prevention & treatment measures
23. Prevalence & death rates associated with tuberculosis
24. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected & cured under
DOTS
Indicator 18: HIV prevalence among pregnant women
aged 15-24 years
8
2.8
7
6
4.4
5
4.5
4
3
2
1
0
1.8
2.4
0.74
0
2001
2002
Condom usage
among non-regular
sex partner
HIV Prevelance
among women 1524yrs
0.86
2003
2006
Ministry of health & Family welfare,BSS 2001 & 2006
•National AIDS Control Programme (1987)
•NACP I(1992 - 1999)
•NACP -II (1999 – 2006)
•NACP-III (2006-2011)
•ART Centers

Target 8 Have halted by 2015 & begun to reverse the incidence of
malaria & other major Diseases
Indicator 21: Prevalence & death rates associated with malaria
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
2.91
2.57
2.44
2.08
1.8
1.75
1
Annual Parsitic
Incidence (Per 1000)
Death per 100000
0.5
0
0.13
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.05
1990
1994
1998
2002
2004
2008
Ministry of health & Family welfare
22:Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using
effective malaria prevention and treatment measures
Ministry of health & Family welfare
23. Prevalence and death rates associated with
tuberculosis
TB deaths /10000 population
60
57
50
37
40
33
28
30
20
10
0
1990
2002
2003
2006
24. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured
under DOTS
Case detection rate- 70% (2007, 2008)
Cure rate 86%
(2005 - 86%)
(RNTCP status report,2009)
100% coverage by RNTCP March 2006 - 2nd Largest DOTS programme in world
WHO Stop TB Strategy, (2006)
Principal components
Pursuing high quality DOTS expansion and enhancement
Addressing TB/HIV, MDR-TB and other challenges
Contributing to health system strengthening
Engaging all care providers
Empowering patients and communities
Enabling and promoting research
DOTS Plus – 2007 Gujarat & Maharashtra
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Proportion of the population with access to an improved water sources
100
80
60
40
20
0
87
81
82
85
62
56
1991
Rural
Urban
Total
2001
Proportion of the population with access to sanitation
80
63
60
47
32
40
20
Rural
Urban
9
0
1991
2001
Ministry of rural development,Urban development, Registrar general of India
Steps for urban water supply & sanitation







•
Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium
Towns (UIDSSMT)
VAMBAY
National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) 1996-97
National Urban Renewal Mission
73rd Constitutional Amendment – Decentralized planning,
implementation & management of water supply
Community based Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance
Programme
Sector Reform Project(1999)Scalled up as Swajaldhara programme
Village Level Water and Sanitation Committee
District water & Sanitation committee
State Water & Sanitation Mission
Communication & capacity Development (CCD) Units
Rural Sanitation
Total Sanitation Campaign(1999)
NRHM
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
 In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to
affordable essential drugs in developing countries
Proxy indicator “ percentage of population with access to essential drugs”
Tenth five year plan
NRHM
Eleventh five year plan
Table:1 National goals &MDG
X FY NPP XI FY NRH
Plan
2010 Plan M
2007
2012 2012
Infant MR
45
<30
Maternal MR
200
<100
Total fertility R
Institutional
deliveries
80%
2.1
80%
MDG Current
2015
27
100
2.1
301
(SRS
01-03)
2.9
40.7
(NFHS
III)
References
1.
Millenium development goal report-2008. United Nation, New York 2008. MDG Monitor:
Tracking the Millennium Development Goal. Copyright United Nations Development Programme,
2007.email: http://www.mdgmonitor.org/factsheets_00.cfm?c=IND&cd=356
2.
Progress- so far. [Online]. [cited 2009 May 8]. Available from:
URL:http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/Documents/NRHM_The_Progress_so_far.pdf
3.
Government of India. Ministry of statistics & progamme implementation, central statistical
organization. Millenium development goal India country report 2005. Available from URL:
www.mospi.nic.in
4.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Annual Report 2007. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare; [Online] 2008 [Cited Mar 08, 2009] Available from: [Online] 2008 [Cited Mar
08, 2009] Available from: http://www.nfhsindia.org/NFHS-3%20Data/VOL1/India_volume_I_corrected_17oct08.pdf
5.
Wada na todo Abhiyaan. Measuring India’s progress on MDG-A citizens report. 2007 Dec.
6.
National Health Policy- 2002. ‘Box-1 : Achievements Through The Years 19512000’.[Online].[cited 2009 June 12]. Available from: URL:http://mohfw.nic.in/np2002.htm
7.
Global progress on the Millennium Development Goals: Are we on track to meet the MDGs by
2015? [Online].[cited 2009 June 22]. Available from:
URL:http://www.undp.org/mdg/basics_ontrack.shtml
8.
MDG Monitor: Quick Facts, India’s Current Progress Status. [Online]. [cited 2009 May 30].
Available from: URL:http://www.mdgmonitor.org/country_progress.cfm?c=IND&cd=356
9.
India to meet Millennium Goals Early. [Online].[cited 2009 May 8]. Available from:
URL:http://data.undp.org.in/media/mdg/MDGs.pdf
10.
International Institute of Population Sciences and Macro International. 2007. National Family
Health Survey (NFHS – 3), 2005-2006: India: Volume 1. Mumbai: IIPS [Online] 2008 [Cited June
08, 2009] Available from: http://www.nfhsindia.org/NFHS-3%20Data/VOL-1/India_volume_I_