1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

Teledyne Analytical Instruments
TELEDYNE AAQMS Systems
TELEDYNE
TELEDYNE Technologies International Corp (Appx: 2.5 Billion ) formed in1960.
Teledyne Analytical Instruments (TAI) is a company under Teledyne Corp, world
leader in the design and manufacturing of high quality process gas and liquid
analyzers. With over 51 years of experience, Teledyne’s product line includes
electrochemical sensors, analyzers, and custom systems which combine expertise
in electronics, chemistry and engineering. TAI provides scientific solutions for
chemical analysis problems & water quality measurements.
Detailed attention to customer needs and dedication to the highest standards of
performance and quality are company priorities. Teledyne Analytical Instruments is
an ISO 9001/ 14001 certified company.
TELEDYNE
TAI has over 15 sensing technologies to continuously monitor a variety of
process gas and liquid parameters.
What We Offer
 Oxygen analyzers using electrochemical, paramagnetic, and zirconium oxide
sensing technologies in an array of configurations from the lightest portable to
the most rugged explosion proof system
 A complete line of industrial oxygen sensors, each designed for fast response,
specific measurement ranges, tough background gases and other unique
requirements
 Medical oxygen monitors and oxygen sensors
 Oxygen monitors for OEM applications in the automotive, diving, medical, safety,
and food transport industries
 Oxygen monitors for mixed gas diving
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Teledyne Analytical Instruments
TELEDYNE AAQMS Systems
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Systems
Scope of Supply : AQMS Project
 CO
 NOx
 SO2
 VOC (BTEX)
 O3
 PM 10 & 2.5
 WMS : Rain gauge, Wind speed, Wind direction, Solar Radiation, Relative
Humidity sensors
 DAS ( Data Acquisition System)
 Mobile Trailer fitted with AQMS Station
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AAQMS Mobile Shelter

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AAQMS Cabinets
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Analytical Instruments for AQMS
 CO – GFC7001E
– Gas Filter Correlation NDIR Sensor
 NO2 – 9110E
– Chemiluminescence
 SO2 – 6400E
– UV Fluorescence
 VOC – 4060
– GC Speciation
– Flame Ionization Detector
 Ozone – 400E
– UV Absorption Sensor
 Particulate Matter (2.5 & 10) – Beta Ray Attenuation
 Zero Air Generator – 701
 Mass Flow Calibrator – 702E
 DAS – Win collect
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AQMS – Sample System
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AAQMS – Operation Philosophy.
 The DIVAC sample pump will draw the sample gas from ambient air and fed to the
sample manifold. From the sample manifold the air is distributed to sample inlet port of
each analyzer. Each Analyzer will analysis the sample air and display the actual reading.
 Each analyzer data is transferred to DAS Distributed antenna system for reporting and
further analysis .
 The analog put from each analyzers and WMS will be connected to centralized DAS
system for final data analysis and reporting.
 Each Analyzers were calibrated for Zero & Span via ZAG and MFC calibrator.
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AAQMS Analyzer Panel
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Mobile AAQMS Station
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Useful Terminology
Gas Filter Correlation
comparing infrared energy absorbed by a sample to that absorbed by a reference gas according
to the Beer-Lambert law.
the Beer-Lambert law
The law states that there is a logarithmic dependence between the transmission T of light
through a substance and the product of the absorption coefficient of the substance, α, and the
distance the light travels through the material ℓ.
where I is the light intensity after it passes through the sample and Io is the initial light intensity.
the absorption coefficient α is absorption cross section, σ, time the (number) density N' of
absorbers
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Useful Terminology
–
Gas Filter Correlation
comparing infrared energy absorbed by a sample to that absorbed by a reference gas according
to the Beer-Lambert law.
This is accomplished with a Gas Filter wheel which alternately allows a high energy light source
to pass through a CO filled chamber and a chamber with no CO present. The light path then
travels through the sample cell, which has a folded path of 14 meters.
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Useful Terminology
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SO2 Analyzer – Model 6400E
PARAMAGNETIC MEASUREMENT OF O2
The oxygen sensor used in the 6400E utilizes the fact that oxygen is attracted into strong magnetic field while
most other gases are not, to obtain fast, accurate oxygen measurements.
The sensor’s core is made up of two nitrogen filled glass spheres, which are mounted on a rotating suspension
within a magnetic field . A mirror is mounted centrally on the suspension and light is shone onto the mirror that
reflects the light onto a pair of photocells. The signal generated by the photocells is passed to a feedback loop,
which outputs a current to a wire winding (in effect, a small DC electric motor mounted on the suspended mirror)
Oxygen from the sample stream is attracted into the magnetic field displacing the nitrogen filled spheres and
causing the suspended mirror to rotate. Therefore, the amount of light reflected onto the photocells and
therefore the output levels of the photocells. The feedback loop increases the amount of current fed into the
winding in order to move the mirror back into its original position. The more O2 present, the more the mirror
moves and the more current is fed into the winding by the feedback control loop.
A sensor measures the amount of current generated by the feedback control loop which is directly proportional
to the concentration of oxygen within the sample gas mixture.
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SO2 Analyzer – Model 6400E
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Useful Terminology
–
Gas Filter Correlation
comparing infrared energy absorbed by a sample to that absorbed by a reference gas according
to the Beer-Lambert law.
This is accomplished with a Gas Filter wheel which alternately allows a high energy light source
to pass through a CO filled chamber and a chamber with no CO present. The light path then
travels through the sample cell, which has a folded path of 14 meters.
The energy loss through the sample cell is compared with the span reference signal provided
by the gas filter .The signal produced is proportional to concentration, with little effect from
interfering gases within the sample.
This design produces excellent zero and span stability and a high signal to noise ratio allowing
extreme sensitivity.
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Useful Terminology
–
–
NDIR Sensor
A nondispersive infrared sensor is a simple spectroscopic device often used as gas detector.
It is called nondispersive because wavelength which passes through the sampling chamber is
not pre-filtered instead a filter is used before the detector.
The main components are an infrared , a light tube, a wavelength sample chamber, and gas
concentration is measured electro-optically , means the absorption of a specific wavelength in
the infrared (IR) is mesured by electroic component.
The IR light is directed through the sample chamber towards the detector. In parallel there is
another chamber with an enclosed reference gas, typically nitrogen. The detector has an optical
filter in front of it that eliminates all light except the wavelength that the selected gas molecules
can absorb.
Transducer
Transducer is a device that converts a signal in one form of energy to another form of energy.
Flow Transducer: convert mecanical energy ( flow velocity) into electrical ( electronic signal)
Pressure transducer: Convert mecanical energy ( pressure) into electrical ( electronic signal)
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Useful Terminology
– UV Fluorescence
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or
other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence (emission of light
by a substance not resulting from heat. In most cases, the emitted light has a
longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation.
The most striking examples of fluorescence occur when the absorbed radiation
is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, (UV Fluorescence ) and thus invisible
to the human eye, and the emitted light is in the visible region
– Chemiluminescence (sometimes called "chemoluminescence") is the
emission of light as the result of a chemical reaction. There may also be limited
emission of heat
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Useful Terminology
–
GC Speciation: Gas Chromatography Speciation
Speciation is the process by which new substance and matters come to exist. The common use
for speciation is biological where new species arise. In Gas Chromatography, speciation is
changing the compound structure of the element by either breaking organic compound or
adding Hydrogen.
–
Flame Ionization Detector FID
The operation of the FID is based on the detection of ions formed during combustion of organic
compounds in a hydrogen flame.
The generation of these ions is proportional to the concentration of organic species in the
sample gas stream. In order to detect these ions, two electrodes are used to provide a potential
difference
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Useful Terminology
Beta Ray Attenuation
At the beginning of the sampling period, beta ray transmission is measured across a clean section of
filter tape.
This section of filter tape is then mechanically advanced to the sampling inlet. Particulate matter is
then drawn into the sample inlet and deposited on the filter paper. At the completion of the sampling
period, the filter tape is returned to its original location and the beta ray transmission is re-measured.
The difference between the two measurements is used to determine, with exceptional accuracy, the
particulate concentration.
Distributed antenna system, or DAS
Distributed antenna system is a network of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to a
common source via a transport medium that provides wireless service within a geographic area or
structure. DAS antenna elevations are generally at or below the clutter level and node installations
are compact.
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Useful Terminology
–
MFC calibrator :
Mass flow controller is a device used to measure and control the flow of fluids and gases. A
mass flow controller is designed and calibrated to control a specific type of fluid or gas at a
particular range of flow rates. The MFC can be given a setpoint from 0 to 100% of its full
scale range but is typically operated in the 10 to 90% of full scale where the best accuracy is
achieved. The device will then control the rate of flow to the given setpoint. MFCs can be
either analog or digital, a digital flow controller is usually able to control more than one type
of fluid or gas whereas an analog controller is limited to the fluid for which it was calibrated.
– Data Acquisition System: DAS or DAQ
Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical
conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be
manipulated by a computer. Data acquisition systems typically convert analog waveforms
into digital values for processing. The components of data acquisition systems include:
- Sensors that convert physical parameters to electrical signals.
- Signal conditioning circuit to convert sensor signals into a form that can be converted to
digital values.
- Analog-to-digital converters, which convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values.
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Useful Terminology
Trace gases
– CO (currently a Criteria Pollutant)
– SO2 (currently a Criteria Pollutant)
– NO/NOy
– NH3 (PM2.5 precursor )
– HNO3 (roles in PM2.5 & O3 formation)
Particulate Matter (2.5 & 10)
Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets. We
divide particles into two major groups. These groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is
size, we call the bigger particles PM10 and we call the smaller particles PM2.5
PM10 are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human
hair). PM10 (which stands for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size) cause less severe
health effects.
PM2.5 are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair).
Photo Multiplier Tube or PMT : The amount of fluoresced UV produced in the sample
chamber is much less than the intensity of excitation UV source lamp. Therefore a much
more sensitive device is needed to detect this light with enough resolution to be meaningful.
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Therefore the 6400E uses a PMT for this purpose.
Useful Terminology
–
–
–
zero and span stability :
First we need to talk about Zero and Span Calibration
For example, if we calibrate the level transmitter for 4 to
20 mA with the range of 0 mmH2o (The millimeter of water (mmH2O) to 5000 mmH20, for 0
mmH2o we must get 4 mA and if it not 4 mA(say 4.5mA) means, we start to adjust the zero
adjustment to make 4 mA for 0 mmH2o. And for 5000 mmH2o we must get 20 mA and if it not
20 mA (say 19.69 mA) means, we start to adjust the span to 20 mA
Once Calibration is done then the stability of this calibration is very important.
high signal to noise ratio:
Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and
engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. It is
defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power
Scrubber
Scubber systems are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove
some particulates and/or gases .
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Useful Terminology
Instrument Specifications

Range: The limit of measurement values that an instrument is capable of reading. The dimension being measured
must fit inside this range. In our instruments the range are measured either by PPM (Parts per million or milligrams
per liter) PPB (parts per billion)
PPM/PPB=1000

Noise is made up of extraneous information that is unwanted because it degrades the accuracy and precision of an
analysis. the zero and the span are characteristics of the noise, the span is a percentage of the signal at near full
range and the zero is the offset value. Notice the zero is specified as an absolute value, while the slope is specified
as a percentage. The RMS (root mean square) defines the noise measurement as an averaged value over time,
rather than a peak, and also take into account slow or long term.

Span Noise is the variability of the analyzer while measuring a gas whose concentration is 80% of the analyzer’s
range (span gas).

Span Gas Span gas is a gas specifically mixed to match the chemical composition of the type of gas being
measured at near full scale of the desired measurement range.

Zero Noise is the variability of the analyzer’s response when you input zero gas (gas without any of
the target gas in it.)

Lower Detectable Limit (also called LDL, Detection Limit, or Sensitivity) is defined as twice the noise. This gives a
Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 2:1 at the LDL.
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Useful Terminology
Instrument Specifications

ZERO DRIFT: The change in the instrument output of a continuous monitoring instrument over a
stated time period during which the instrument is not recalibrated when the input signal remains at
zero. caused by factors such as temperature, humidity, pressure....
 SPAN DRIFT: The change in the instrument output of a continuous monitoring instrument over a
stated time period during which the instrument is not recalibrated. It is the percentage of drifts (offset
of the error)compare to the signal at near full range
 Span-Gas : A gas of known concentration that is used routinely to calibrate the output level of an
analyzer.
 Sensitivity The sensitivity of an instrument is the smallest amount it can measure, of whatever it's
built to measure. Anything smaller than the sensitivity of the instrument, and the instrument doesn't
even notice it. For example, a laboratory scale can measure the weight of a hair, but a truck scale
can't. We say that the laboratory scale's sensitivity is much smaller (or lower) than the truck scale's
sensitivity.
 LINEARITY: is the amount of deviation from an instrument's ideal straight line relationship between
the instrument’s output and the measured variable. Linearity in other word, is the closeness of a
curve that approximates to a straight line throughout measurement range. Due to imperfections in
pipe ID, coefficient of expansion of metals used in instruments, even the precise measurements have
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a built-in error in measurements of flow.
ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE
ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE
Modern electronic devices such as the types used in the various electronic assemblies of your
analyzer, are very small, require very little power and operate very quickly. Unfortunately, the
same characteristics that allow them to do these things also make them very susceptible to
damage from the discharge of static electricity. Damage to components occurs when these
static charges come into contact with an electronic device.
Temporary anti-ESD work area

Always wear an Anti-ESD wrist strap when working on the electronic assemblies of your
analyzer.
 Simply touching a grounded piece of metal is insufficient. While this may temporarily bleed off
static
 Always store sensitive components and assemblies in anti-ESD storage bags or bins
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES please refer to P 214 of the manual
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Company Confidential
TELEYNE Team Thank you All
Company Headquarters: City of Industry,
California USA
Facility: 60,000 sq. ft. / ISO-9001:2008
Founded: 1945
Core Capabilities: Manufacturer of high
quality measurement and control
instrumentation.
Website: www.teledyne-ai.com