India :
Information and Communication Technology
for Growth & Development
2011
Shashank Ojha
ICT SECTOR UNIT
THE WORLD BANK
NEW DELHI
Contents
2
 India - Country Background

Current Status, Development Indicators, Goals and Strategies for growth and poverty
reduction etc)
 ICT Industry in India

Current status, Trends and indicators, Contribution to GDP, Employment in the Sector,
Govt. Policies, Role of Private sector etc.)
 ICT for Development
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Human Development ( Education, Health, Social & Livelihood etc)
Infrastructure ( Roads, Water, Power etc)
Rural development & Agriculture
Governance
 Challenges & Impediments

Technology, Govt. Policy, Capacity Building, Change management, Business environment,
Donor and Financing
 Suggestions for way-forward
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
India Country Background – Overview
3
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With a population of just over 1.2 billion, India is the largest democracy in the world.
In the past decade, the country has seen sustained high growth and has made progress on most of the
Millennium Development Goals.
India is in now the midst of a historic transformation. It has emerged as a global power and a leading
player in information technology, telecoms and business outsourcing, with the world’s 4th largest
economy in purchasing power parity terms.
However, beneath India’s impressive growth is a tale of ‘two Indias’. While one India is on a rapid
development trajectory, the other has 300 million people living below the poverty line.
To address these disparities, the Government of India’s Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) outlines a
development agenda that targets significant investments for :
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generating employment,
providing quality education and health for all,
improving the welfare of women and children, developing infrastructure, and conserving the environment.
Major investments are being made in into a set of very ambitious programs to deliver services to the
poor. These programs -- to provide elementary education, basic health care, health insurance, rural
employment, rural roads and rural connectivity, and other services -- aim at realizing the fundamental
rights of the people.
The programs are achieving partial results on the ground.
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Between 2003 and 2010, the no. of out-of-school children declined from 25 to 8 million (less than 5% of
the 6-14 age group).
Leprosy, polio, and TB are almost eradicated and the spread of AIDS has been kept in check.
Large no. of women have been mobilized into self-help groups to generate new livelihood opportunities.
Large investments are being made to improve the infrastructure
Massive new initiatives are being pioneered that are revolutionizing the way services are being delivered to
low-income groups.
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
India - Country Background
4
Key Development Indicators
 GROWTH:
Population ( 2011) : 1.21 billion
50 % population below 25 years of age
 GDP Growth (2010- 11): 8.5%
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Poverty (Below National Poverty Line) :
Rural: 28 % and Urban: 26 %
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Fertility rate: 2.5 births per woman
Life expectancy at birth: 64 years
37%
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Infant mortality (per 1000 live births): 57
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000 live births):450
Children Underweight (below 5 years): 46%
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Primary school enrollment, net: 90% ;
Male Adult literacy (age 15 and older): 73% and
Female Adult literacy (age 15 and older): 48%
Access to improved water source (% of pop): 89%
Access to improved sanitation: 33%
……………………………………………………………………………………
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT Industry in India
5
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India’s ICT Sector is a global leader is IT Services and IT- enabled Services
Exports Revenues : US $ 50.1 billion ( FY 2010)
Exports contribution to total revenues - 70 %
Service lines :
1. IT Services ( US $ 27. 3 billion) - application development, maintenance,
testing, infrastructure services, consulting and systems integration etc.
2. BPO ( (US $ 12.4 billion)
3. Engineering Design and Product development ( US $ 10 billion)
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT Industry in India
6
ICT Sector - key indicators

Aggregate Revenues in FY 2010 :
US $ 73.1 billion
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Direct Employment : 2.3 million
Indirect additional employment : 8.2 million
( 30% employment for Age group 18-25 years;
4 % employment to economically backward classes,
60 % co.s employ differently-abled,
58 % employment from Tier II & III cities).
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Contribution to GDP in FY 2010-11 : 7 %
( In FY 98 - 1.2 %)
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Innovation ( FY 2005 -09) : 29 fold increase in patents
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Avg. R&D Spend : 1 % of Total Revenues
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT Industry in India
7
India’s ICT Sector - VALUE PROPOSITION
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Strong fundamentals, a robust enabling environment and enhanced value delivery capability are
the hallmarks
Enjoys a cost advantage of around 60-70 per cent as compared to source markets.
Timely Government policies have played a key role
Govt.’s focus on education has helped create the large talent base from where the ICT industry
draws its workforce.
Government’s proactive approach towards the IT Sector through actions such as the IT Act
Amendment, extension of tax incentives by a year, removal of the SEZ Act anomalies and the
introduction of progressive telecom policies.
Indian ICT Companies are now focusing trying to adopt a culture that encourages innovation,
embrace new trends such as Green IT, and deliver solutions that are focused on Re-engineering
and Transformation.
India is emerging as a ‘Innovation Hub’ with increasing number of patents being filed /granted
Economic downturn is the opportunity for the industry to enhance its overall efficiency - clients
increasingly looking inwards and focusing on process benchmarking, enhanced utilization of
infrastructure and talent, increasing productivity and greater customer engagement
Source : NASSCOM
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT Industry in India - Telecom
8
Telephones per 100 persons
Telecom Sector
 Telecom Access
2011 ( May)
(per 100 persons)
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Fixed line
Mobile
Internet users
34. 40 million
840 million
88 million
Population covered by mobile - 73 %
Total internet users - 6.9 %
Fixed line tariff ($/pm)
Mobile tariff ( $/pm)
3.5
1.6
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT Work Program- India
9
WB’s - India Program ( June 2011)
Total No. of Projects
Size of the portfolio
: 81
: US $ 25.6 billion
ICT - Key Activities

ICT Support to Sector Projects
e-Government Projects
Telecom TA Projects
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ICT’s Participation : 21 Sector projects + NeGP Project ( FY 11)
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ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT Work Program - India
10
Project Support
Small Grants –
Experimental /
Pilots
Medium – MIS
Components in
Sector Projects
Large –
eGovernment
Projects
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT for Development Projects
11
ICT for Development Projects
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Innovative ICT for Development Projects in India
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Mobile – based Innovative Solutions
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World Bank India - Projects
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E-Governance Projects
ICT in Development Sectors ( Education, Health, Social & Livelihood,
Rural development & Agriculture etc.)
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ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Innovative Projects
12
ICT for Development - Innovative Projects
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e-Sewa Govt of AP ( Citizen e-Services)
http://www.esevaonline.com
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Bhoomi - GoK ( Land Records)
http://bhoomi.karnataka.gov.in
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MCA 21 ( Corporate affairs)
http://www.mca.gov.in/MCA21/
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ITC’s e-Choupal ( Agriculture Supply Chain)
http://www.itcportal.com/rural-development/echoupal.htm
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Kerala’s Fisheries ( Mobile solutions for Fishermen)
Lifelines ( Agriculture and Education Voice based Services)
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Mobile –based Solutions
13
Mobile – based solutions
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Reuters Market Light ( Agr. Mkt Prices)
SMS-One ( Community Newsletter - Local news, Local
Advertisements etc.)
Nokia Life Tools ( Agriculture Info, Education,
Entertainment )
Ng Pay ( mobile based payments, shopping etc)
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India - Water Sector
14
Water Sector Projects
 UP- WSRP
 Rajasthan –WSRP
 Maharashtra- WSRP
 AP Water Sector
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects - Water
15
Water / Irrigation Sector Solutions
Application Framework
Decision Support Systems & Knowledge Systems
Water Resources Planning
Data Collation, Analysis, Planning
Water Resource Management
Basin Database
Network maintenance
Maintenance planning
Condition monitoring
Real Time Distribution
and Control
Dams
Database &
Dams Safety
GIS
Database
Enterprise Information / Decision Support Systems
Procurement and Contracts Management
Contracts and Contractors Management
Tendering and Procurement
HR
Stakeholders Management
Financial
Projects
Portal/Web Site for ID
Human
Resources
Payroll
Mgmt
Assets
Project
Mgmt.
AR
AP
Gen Ledger
Planning /
Budgeting
Cash Management
ID Intranet with Messaging, Groupware, Workflow
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
WUA/Farmers
Info System
Revenue Billing
ICT India Projects - M&E
16
Monitoring & Evaluation Systems
Water & Sanitation Project
Two major ICT Initiatives under the Project :
• Computerization of the Fund Board
• Creating and automating the M&E Framework for the entire water
sector in the country.
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects - Transport
17
Assam PWD Computerisation
Project (APCP)
Transport Sector
· Business Process Reengineering of
Financial, HR, etc.
modules developed
by GOA
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Project Life Cycle &
Cost-Benefit &
Analysis module
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PWD.
Building the system software by
customizing packaged application OTS.
Networking 20 sites with hub at C.E’s
office.
Developing master database and
incorporation of historical data.
Project preparation system
Project management
Document Management System
Intensive training.
Vendor management & payment system.
Quality control system.
Stores & inventory management
Employee Information system
Interfaces with engineering intensive
modules.
 Assam Roads
Project specific modules
like OMMS (PMGSY)
 TN Roads
 Kerala Roads
 Punjab Roads
 HP Roads
 National Highways
Disaster Management
System (DMS)
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Authority of India
Assam PWD Computerization Project
18
ICT Solution Framework - Road
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Projects
ICT India Projects - Health
19
Health Mgt. Systems Core Modules
Health Sector Projects
 IDSP
 Food & Drug Control
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Source : Rajasthan Health Project
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Capacity ( Closed)
Malaria Control ( Closed)
AIDS (Closed)
Karnataka State Health
Project
Tamil Nadu State Health
Project
Rajasthan Health Project
ICT India Projects - Education
20
Education Projects
o Pilot ICT Project in Rural Pune
o e-Class & Teacher- Student
Portal for Govt. of Uttarakhand
o Bihar TEMIS
o Vocational Education
o Technical Education II
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT in Education
21
ICT Pilot Project in Rural Districts of Pune
Mobile Computer Van
53 schools in about 40 villages
scattered around Baramati
Computer Education for approx
6300 students of Classes 5-6-7
5 Mobile Computer Vans with 18
computers on each van
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India – Agriculture & RD
22
Agr. & Rural Devp. Projects
 Sodic Lands Project
(Closed)
 UP Forestry (Closed)
 ICT in Rural Districts of
Pune (Closed)
 National Agriculture
Innovation Project
Source : AGROPEDIA , NAIP Project
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects – Rural Development
ICT Pilot Project in Rural Pune
Micro Finance Cooperatives
23
Poultry Cooperatives
Milk Cooperatives
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India – e-Governance
24
EIMS
UMS
MMIS
Education
CMS
APNET
SMS
Data Centre
VASTIS
Revenue
Excise
FAST
PKI
eCOPS
e-Health
HRMS
IFIS
Healthcare
DIMS
CARD
ICPS
e-Seva
HIMS
MAS
Civic
PRISM Services CGRS
Telemed
smartcard
FACTS
Police
e-Proc
eACB
CCMS
Core
Applications
OLTP
Portal
SBMS
GIS
Welfare
Payment
Gateway
Datawarehouse
WCMS
JUDIS
SmartGov
Kiosks
Judiciary
e-Government Blueprint
.. an ‘inside out’ view
FIS
AGRIS
AnSys
Agriculture
PAX
CopSys
MarkNet
LIFE
InSys
Business
eCRM
e.Biz
@pfirst
PMS
Engineering
APIIS
AP Govt.’s e-Government Project Framework
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects e-Governance
25
India – National E- Governance Action Plan
NeGP
CENTRAL (7)
STATE-LEVEL (9)
INTEGRATED (9)
Income tax
Central Excise
Passport, visa & immigration
MCA 21
Agriculture
Comprehensive Modernization of Land Records
Transport
Treasuries
Unique ID
Pensions
Industry Initiative:
Banking
Insurance
Commercial Taxes
Panchayati Raj Institutions
Municipalities
Police
Employment Exchange
Public Distribution System (PDS) – State-defined.
e-Biz
EDI
India Portal
Common Service Centers
(CSCs)
e-Gateway
e-Courts
e-Office
e-Government Procurement
e-Districts
PROGRAM COMPONENTS (8)
Core Technology Policies and Standards
Core Infrastructure:
State Wide Area Networks (SWANs)
State Data Centers (SDCs)
Technical Assistance
HRD & Training
Awareness & Assessment
Program Management Structures
R&D
NeGP Mission Mode Projects & Program Components
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects – NeGP
26
E-Delivery of Public Services Development Policy Loan
Pillar I. Higher emphasis on coordination
1.1 Strengthening state institutions in e-Governance.
1.2 Development of technical standards for e-Governance
1.3 Improved inter-agency coordination and monitoring of e-governance.
Pillar II. Increased reach out to the “common man.”
2.1 Improving access to services by using the mobile platform
while increasing the pace of internet penetration
2.2 Facilitating increased participation of citizens in design and
evaluation of e-governance projects.
2.3 Improving service orientation of Govt. Processes and officials.
2.4 E-Services Delivery Act (ESD Act)
2.5 Uniform and predictable verification of e-Service users.
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects - Governance
27
e-HR Project (Govt. of Karnataka)
 Computerized Human Resource Function of GoK
to support :
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ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Civil Service Restructuring
Promote Human Resources Development - career
counseling
Facilitate Functional Reviews
Lead to right-sizing of the workforce, if necessary
Management of Pensions
Provide information for decision making (day-today as well
as forward planning)
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Pilot Implementation Successfully completed.
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Scale up in progress through government funds.
ICT India Projects - e-Government
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Govt. of Uttarakhand – eGovernment Pilots
.
• Establishment of IT Devp. Authority.
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Agriculture Portal
Tourism Portal Project.
Social Welfare DBMS Project.
Citizen Data Vault Project /
• Multipurpose Household survey
• Citizen Data Vault.
• Smart Card for Public Distribution
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•
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
HRMS Project
Urban Development Project
Public Works Department Project.
Teacher Student Portal
e-Class Content Development
ICT India Projects - Urban Devp.
29
Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project II
System
s
ByProjectOwn
Total
CollectionFacilities
W
ithinOffice W
ithinULB Bank
ULBs Urban Devp Project II & III
Tamilnadu
Municipalities
Corporation
TownPanchayats
Aggregate
102
5
611
718
Coimbatore
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
718
202
655
1575
374
116
0
490
1092
318
655
2065
85
25
0
110
14
34
0
48
Total
7
34
0
41
106
93
0
199
ICT India Projects - Urban
30
Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project II
Services
1.
Others
Birth and Death
registration
Building Plan Registration/
Approval
3. Dangerous and Offensive &
PFA
Financial Management
1.
Financial Accounting
System
2. Inventory Control
3. Movable Property
4. Vehicle Inventory
5. Immovable Property
Revenue Management
1.
Non-Tax
2. Professional Tax
3. Water Charges
4. Property Tax
1.
Census
2.
3.
Personal Management
System
Electoral rolls
4.
Family Enumeration
5.
Solid Waste management
6.
Hospital Information
2.
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
ICT India Projects - Urban
31
Tamilnadu UDP II - impact
Increasing Demand from staff and citizens - (ULB’s on their own have
invested in 1575 PCs from the project, additional 490 by ULBs)
A 10-15% improvement in collections have been recorded as against manual
systems. (Roughly an increase in revenue of about US $ 7-8 million).
An issue especially in terms of closure of subsidiary revenue registers has
been of collection greater than demand… (about 10 % of errors in demand
registers rectified - $ 2 million )
Birth and death certificates issued in 15 minutes (2-7 days).
The impact, closure of accounting books by 5.30-6 PM as against months
before automation.
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Main Challenges
32
Challenges & Impediments
 ICT Sector strengthens have had limited impact on ICT for
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Development
ICT has not yet been mainstreamed as tool for growth, efficiency and
development
Large disparities in State and department capabilities
Inadequate Policy and Legislative push
Support infrastructure remains a major challenge
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Power
Connectivity
Literacy and Language
 Funding and financing strategy
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Main Challenges
33
 High Risk – High Returns projects !
 Limited Human Resources in e-Governance
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100+ Pilots in states not scaled –up
Implementation approach / lack of BPR / inadequate policy support
Lack of HR and tech capacity – no cadre
Very complex projects / require continuous upgrade and monitoring
Inadequate awareness / lack of capacity in policy & decision makers
 Project Management -Difficulties abound
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Delayed, limited functionality, budget over-runs
 Financial Sustainability - Rarely achieved ?
 Grassroots consultation
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Top down approach rarely works !
 IT Policy & Law
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Main Challenges continued . . .
34
 Standardization / Policy Framework
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Standalone efforts, Islands !
 Sector level Solutions !
 Local language / Locally relevant content
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English content, illiteracy, target audience ?
 Reinventing the Wheel !
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Duplicate efforts - wasted cost, time and funds
 Wiring India – last mile solutions
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Need for low cost connectivity ?
ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Suggestions
35
Suggestions for way-forward
Promote Policy for Investment in ICTs
 Capacity Building & HR – especially at state level
 Development for Core Solutions
 Targeted ICT Initiatives for social and financial inclusion
 Mainstreaming Mobile based solutions
 Support for Project Development & Pilots
 Improved Research and Analytical underpinning for
impact measurement
 PPP Approach & Financing Models
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ICT Sector Unit - The World Bank
Thank you.
Shashank Ojha
ICT SECTOR UNIT
THE WORLD BANK
NEW DELHI
[email protected]