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SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Shelter after disaster…
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What is shelter
Emerging trends & challenges – the big picture
Phases in shelter
Shelter as a process not a product
Shelter in emergency operations
The shelter tools
Time: 90 minutes
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Defining “shelter”…
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Shelter concept on a disaster response…
Shelter and Settlements
Emergency, early recovery, recovery
Community
participation
Organisational
Development
Cross-cutting
issues…
Housing and Urban issues
Land and
housing
property rights
Construction
Camp Management
Coordination with
others
Other issues…
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
Infrastructures
Safe
Construction
Appropriate
technologies
Construction
Management
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Some shelter numbers…
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66 million – people with houses damaged by 2007 Asia floods
(Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, DPRK, Vietnam, India)
1.8 million – homes destroyed or damaged in Pakistan by the last
Floods in 2010
47.9% - housing as a percentage of total cost of tsunami damage in
Indonesia
CHF 100 million - IFRC spend on Aceh transitional shelter
programme
140,000 HH helped by RCRC in Haiti with Emergency Shelter
(covering kit, tents & STK)
CHF 310 - cost of a family tent to international specifications
CHF 100 – cost of air freighting one family tent
CHF 60 – cost of IFRC Shelter Kit
CHF 600 – cost of building materials, tools, fixings etc. for Pakistan
earthquake transitional shelter 2006
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Disaster trends…
Climate change
+
urbanisation
+
social & economic marginalisation
=
INCREASED SHELTER RISK
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
IFRC and shelter…
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IFRC is the leading agency in the shelter sector
for natural disasters– and few other agencies
have shelter in their mandate
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National Societies implement a wide range of
emergency, transitional and permanent housing.
However only since 2006 IFRC has created a
Shelter Department.
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
The process of sheltering…
Before disaster
Before disaster
over time households
build, extend and
upgrade houses
using materials,
cash, contracted
local labour or selfhelp
Disaster
& emergency
response
Beyond emergency
response
Beyond emergency
response
households will over time
extend and upgrade
shelter solutions provided
using materials, cash,
contracted local labour
or self-help
Emergency response should support the sheltering process
providing materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help +
technical support as appropriate
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Recovery
shelter/housing
Emergency
shelter
Self
recovery
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
Early
Recovery
shelter
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Product vs. process…
Product / Phase
Approach
Tent
Container
Process/ Needs
Approach:
Support
Money
Guidance
Materials Tools
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
House
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Shelter Operations…
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Assessments
 Programming and Coordination
 Implementation
 Monitoring and Evaluation
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Informed assessments
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Assessments: Rapid, detailed, ongoing
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What are affected households doing themselves
to meet their shelter needs and how can we assist
them? (use Sphere 2011 Shelter Checklist – adapt
as needed)
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Consider separate needs of:
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Those displaced temporarily or permanently
From those who can return to the site of their
damaged/destroyed home
The issues of tenure
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Displaced and non-displaced population
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Shelter Programming
Emergency Shelter (live saving) – 3 options:
1. Coverage kit: (2 tarps + rope)
2. Shelter Kit: (2 tarps + tools (includes rope + fixings))
3. Family tent (tents can delay recovery process)
+ basic/simple technical advice
+ complemented with NFIs + new HH kit.
Early recovery Shelter – 5 options:
1. Transitional shelter (T-shelter)
2. Construction material (roofing, walling, flooring)
3. Tools
4. Cash & Voucher/ credit card
5. Technical support/ awareness campaign (safe shelter)
Get Emergency Shelter going & move to Early Recovery ASAP
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Coverage Kit
Contents:
 2 tarpaulins (to specs) + 20 metres of rope (10 kg)
 Technical advice (one pager on how to fix tarp to rope,
wood, and bamboo)
Cost: 40 CHF
Challenges: Rope has to be bought locally.
When to use:
• Need for quick, low cost response
• There are other materials available (salvaged…)
Plastic Sheeting Guidelines, Shade Nets Guidelines
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
IFRC Shelter Kit
Contents:
 2 tarps + Shelter Toolkit (20Kg)
 Technical advice (one flyer on how
to fix tarp to rope, wood, and
bamboo)
Cost: 60 CHF
Challenges:
Bulkier than coverage kit. Machetes.
When to use:
• Variety of situations, versatile
• There are other materials
available (salvaged…)
Shelter kit guidelines + SK training
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Use of “Shelter Kit”…
Repair or build
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Family tent
Contents:
 16m2 family tent (64 kg)
 Technical advice (one-pager
on where to put the tent, how
to prepare the ground and how
to erect it)
Cost: 310 CHF
Challenges: difficult to combine, evolve, adapt
When to use:
• Life-saving need for quick answer and no materials available
• Big emergencies (all solutions are needed)
• Non-technical reasons
• Political issues (Gvmt/ HNS)
Tent guidelines (available with assembly instruction)
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Implementation Shelter response…
Shelter FACT
STT
(Shelter Technical Team)
Logistic FACT -> ERU
SUPPORT SERVICES
Relief FACT -> ERU
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
• Initial assessment – Initial POA
• Identification needs STT
• Shelter Movement Coordination
• Shelter Programme Manager IFRC
• Technical support to shelter
implementation
• Coordinate/provide logistic support
technical programmes.
• Coordinate/implement relief response,
including Emergency shelter/NFIs.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Implementation EMERGENCY Shelter
response…
ACTIVITY
WHO DOES
WHO
SUPPORTS
COORDINATES
WITH
WHO APPROVES
Define EMERGENCY Shelter
Response
- Initial assessments
- identifying technical solution
- target beneficiaries caseload
- working plan & budget
Shelter FACT/
HNS
Counterpart
STT
IFRC ZO/HQ
(technical line)
Relief ERU
Relief FACT
Logistic FACT
FACT members
RC/RC Movement
Shelter CLUSTER
FACT TL/HoOp/HNS
PROCUREMENT
- national/international
Logistic FACT/
RLU/ HNS
Counterpart
IFRC ZO/IFRC HQ
(logistic
departments)
Shelter FACT/
STT TL
FACT TL/HoOp/HNS
<50.000 Log FACT
>50.000<400.000 RLU
>400.000 IFRC HQ
DELIVERY
- HH assessment for
distribution
- registration & ticketing
- volunteers training
- distribution and M&E
Relief ERU/
HNS
Counterpart
Relief FACT
Shelter FACT/STT
Logistic ERU
Relief FACT
Shelter CLUSTER
RC/RC Movement
FACT TL/HNS
AWARENESS
-develop material
- volunteers training
- awareness campaign and M&E
STT/ HNS
Counterpart
Relief ERU/ HNS
distribution
teams
Shelter CLUSTER
RC/RC Movement
Shelter FACT/ STT TL/
HNS Counterpart
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Implementation EARLY RECOVERY
Shelter response…
ACTIVITY
WHO DOES
WHO
SUPPORTS
COORDINATES
WITH
WHO APPROVES
-Define EARLY RECOVERY
Shelter Response
- technical solution
- target beneficiaries
- working plan & budget
Shelter FACT
or shelter
programme
coord/ HNS
Counterpart
STT
IFRC ZO/HQ
(technical line)
MDAT (recovery
surge capacity)
Relief FACT/ERU
Logistic FACT/ERU
FACT members
RC/RC Movement
Shelter CLUSTER
FACT TL/HoOp/ HNS
PROCUREMENT
- national/international
Logistic
FACT/RLU
IFRC ZO/IFRC HQ
(logistic
departments)
Shelter FACT/
STT TL
FACT TL/HoOp/ HNS
<50.000 Log FACT
>50.000 <400.000 RLU
>400.000 IFRC HQ
DELIVERY
-Need/damage assessments
- registration
- community mobilization
- volunteers training
- implementation
STT/ HNS
Counterpart
Logistic FACT/ERU
Relief FACT/ERU
Shelter staff
Beneficiaries
Shelter CLUSTER
RC/RC Movement
FACT members
(integrate
approach)
Shelter FACT/shelter
programme
coordinator/HNS
AWARENESS
-develop material
- volunteers training
- awareness campaign
STT/ HNS
Counterpart
Shelter staff
Shelter CLUSTER
RC/RC Movement
Shelter FACT/ STT TL/
HNS Counterpart
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Other aspects to consider…
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Lack of shelter counterpart within HNS
Shelter response should be linked with watsan, health,
livelihood (integrated approach) and general relief
programming.
Shelter is often a key component of recovery
programming – consider household livelihood activities
and potential local economic impact of shelter response.
Procurement & Logistics and relief are key to
successful shelter.
Gender and crosscutting issues
Include monitoring & evaluation of the solution in
budget.
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Shelter resources and support
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Globally pre-positioned tarps, shelter kits and
tents in Regional Logistics Units
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Emergency Items Catalogue (ERIC) online
www.ifrc.org/emergency-items
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FedNet & DMIS: tools and resources, guidelines,
videos, documents, examples
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Technical focal points within Secretariat (ZO &
GVA) to support shelter response, specifications,
programming tools, guidance, and longer term
programming
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Shelter & Settlement TECHNICAL support
IFRC HEAD QUARTER (GVA)
Sandra D’URZO
Graham SAUNDERS
IFRC ZONE OFFICES
Carmen FERRER
Policy
Americas
Americas Zone , Panama
Ela SERDAROGLU
Gregg MCDONALD
Capacity Building
Asia Pacific & MENA
Asia Pacific DMU,
Kuala Lumpur
Head of Department
Corinne TREHERNE
Rea IVANEK
Technical Support
Africa
Senior Assistant
Marta PEÑA
Support Ops & Trainings
Europe & Central Asia
Pablo MEDINA
Global Shelter Cluster
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
Alberto MONGUZZI
Europe Zone, Budapest
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
For more information…
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
SHELTER
Session for
trainings
Questions?
Thanks for your interest !
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.