1. technology and computing

Martin Brynskov
Det Danske Smart City-Netværk
Connected Smart Cities Network
@brynskov
AU
AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
To smart cities
KLASSISK
HOLISTISK
To smart cities
KLASSISK
HOLISTISK
AU
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UNIVERSITY
Smart Cities
Emerged Late 1990s
Digital Cities
Komninos, 2002
Plug-in City
Wired City
Virtual City
u-City
Intelligent City
Digital City
Emerged early 1990s
In order for ‘digital’ cities to
become ‘smart’ cities they
therefore need to incorporate
a new category of applications; that of the real
community of people and
producers characterised by a
high level of knowledge and
innovation use.
Graham S. (1997)
Digital cities can be considered as an attempt to build
new secure public spaces and
regain some characteristic of
the cities as places for
communication, interactions,
economic opportunities, and
social and cultural activities.
Digital City
Besselaar P.
The first Digital City
(DDS) was launched in
Amsterdam in 1993.
The name was chosen to
emphasize the idea of a
digital public space
where people would
meet and communicate.
Komninos N. (2002)
All intelligent cities are digital
cities, but all digital cities are
not intelligent. The difference
is in the problem solving
capability of intelligent cities,
while the ability of digital cities
is in the provision of services
via digital communication.
Layered City
MIT, 2004
Transdisciplinary research
group that studies the
interface between cities,
people and technologies and
investigates how the ubiquity
of digital devices and the
telecommunications networks
that augment our cities are
impacting urban living.
Smart City
Thompson S. (1994)
Ron Herron, 1964
Walking City imagines a future in
which borders and boundaries are
abandoned in favour of a nomadic
lifestyle among groups of people
worldwide.
Walking City
1960
To differentiate the ‘digital’
city from the ‘smart’ city,
every digital city is not
intelligent, but every
intelligent or ‘smart’ city has a
digital component
Senseable City
1970
Plug-in City
The city is “both a social and
spatial ‘coming together’ of
difference and diversity, chaos
and order, fascination and
intrigue - a sensual delight, at
the same ´time challenging
notions of tolerance and
feelings of belonging.
Comprehensive web‐based
representation, or reproduction, of several aspects or
functions of a specific real city,
open to non‐experts.
Late
1991
80s 1990
1980
Livable Cities
European Digital Cities
programme launched in
1996 Caire P. (2009)
Embedding of CCTV
technology into urban
areas
Virtual City
Wired City
Invisible City
Cyberville
Informational City
Castlells M. (1992)
The city is an image of society,
with all its diversities, ongoing
processes, contradictions,
struggles and asymmetries,
and 'The Informational City' is
therefore 'the global society'
of the information age.
Late
90s
1993
Ubiquitous Computing
Ambient Cities
The term was coined by Mark
Weiser in his 1991 article “The
computer for the 21st century”
Emerged late 1990s
CCTV
Roberts P. (1980s)
The Plug-in City is set up by
applying a large scale
network-structure, containing
access ways and essential
services, to any terrain.
Smart Communities, 2001
It is a community that has
made a conscious effort to
use information technology to
transform life and work within
its region in significant and
fundamental, rather than
incremental, ways.
Couclelis H. (2004)
1980s
Peter Cook, 1964
A Smart Community
Intelligent Cities (ICs)
Emerged late 1980s
Initially ICs have been defined as
virtual reconstructions of cities,
as virtual cities. (Droege, 1997)
The term ICs has been used
broadly as an equivalent of:
TeleCity
Siembab (1997)
Incorporates the capabilities of
information technologies in
order to support a high amenity
life style that is economically and
environmentally sustainable
Teletopia
Eger (2005)
Telecommunications Utopia is a term first
coined by the Japanese Ministry of Posts
and Telecommunications to describe
what 21st Century Japan would look like
when its new broadband communications infrastructure was in place.
ISTAG (1999)
People will be surrounded by
intelligent and intuitive
interfaces embedded in everyday
objects around us and an
environment recognizing and
responding to the presence of
individuals in an invisible way.
Crang and Graham, 2007
The ambient city can be seen as
an urban environment which
contains different ubiquitous
computing technologies
Late
90s
2000
Urban Gaming
The first Urban Gaming Club
was founded in 2006.
2003 2005
> 100 Digital Cities in
20 EU countries in 2003
Caire P. (2009)
Urban
Computing
The term first used in
2003 by Eric Paulos
2013
2013
Smart Grid
Wollenberg B. (2005)
Term ‘Smart Grid’ is
born in September
2005.
Urban Media
Façades
Smarter Planet
An umbrella term for
installations in which
displays are integrated
into architectural
structures
2008
Ubiquitous Cities
Emerged in 2005
Myung‐Je (2009)
The term ubiquitous city was first
used by South Korea after
adopting the ubiquitous
computing concept from the US
and deciding to create the world’s
first U‐City.
Korean U‐City Association (2003)
U‐Cities to help all residents,
everywhere, not just private
customers, or residents using
personal computers at home,
with the aim of enriching life,
reducing congestion and
enhancing environmental
sustainability
Amplified City
Falk (1999)
The use of ubiquitous
technology in public spaces
also enables the city to move
beyond mixed or augmented
reality environments towards
an amplified city, where
objects express additional
information about
themselves to other objects,
residents and users.
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Det Danske Smart City-Netværk
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Connected Smart
Cities Network
CSC Network Board
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C–Martin Brynskov – DK / Network / Aarhus
VC–Katalin Gallyas – NL / Amsterdam
VC–Jarmo Eskelinen – FI / Network / Helsinki
Martin Serrano – IE / Galway
Dan Hill – UK / Network / London
Luis Muñoz – ES / Santander
Juanjo Hierro – ES / Network / FIWARE
VC–Pieter Ballon – BE / Brussels, Ghent
Álvaro de Oliveira – PT / Network
Open & Agile Smart Cities
Finland
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...
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politiske visioner
organisering på
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mobilitet
jura
(selv-)overvågning
ressourcedeling/fællesskaber
IT-infrastruktur
værktøjer til
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Community og stakeholder-inddragelse
Experimenter (urban prototyping)
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