Scottish Building Standards
- 2010 Changes -
Building Standards Division
Today - aims
• Provide awareness of the ‘2010 changes’
• Highlight the main issues
• Allow feedback from stakeholders
Today - format
• 2009 changes – January/May
• Main theme – ‘2010 changes’
– From 1 October 2010
• Future developments
January 2009 changes
• Energy performance certificates (EPCs) for
existing buildings
– Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland)
Regulations 2008
• Schedules 1 and 3 – ‘hardstanding’ areas
• Discount on warrant fee for intention to use
a certifier of construction
May 2009 changes
• Crown immunity removed
• New schedule 3 types 2A-2C introduced
• Specific Crown guidance produced
• Updated ‘radon affected areas’ maps
• Identified additional areas
2010 Changes
• Building (Scotland) Amendment
Regulations 2010
• Technical Handbooks
• Published early April 2010
– BSD website/TSO hardcopy
• In force 1 October 2010
2010 Changes - legislation
• Schedule 3 ‘work not requiring a warrant’
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Standards - 2.11; 2.12; 2.13; 2.15
Standards - 3.14; 3.15
Standards - 4.13
Standards - 5.1; 5.2
Standards - 6.1; 6.6; 6.10
• Schedule 6 ‘conversions’
2010 Changes - guidance
• Updated guidance in handbooks
• Testing – noise/air-tightness
• Certification references introduced
2010 Changes – to follow
• Further guidance documents including
– Alternative fire safety strategies
– Conservatories guidance
– Accredited construction details
• Procedure regulations being reviewed for
– 42 day rule
– Extending warrant validity
Scottish Building Standards
Section 0 : General
Building Standards Division
Section 0
• Reflects changes to building regulations
– Schedule 3; Standards; Schedule 6
• Defined terms (Appendix A)
– ‘Traditional building’ - new
• Updated to reference Eurocodes
Any questions?
Section 5: Noise
Building Standards Division
Today
• Background
• New defined term - Traditional Building
• Revised Standard 5.1
• Design Performance Levels and Example
Constructions
• Post-completion Testing
• New Standard 5.2 and Generic Internal
Constructions
Background
• First major review in over 20 years
• Increase in noise complaints
• Lifestyle changes
• Change in construction practice
Revised Standard 5.1
‘Every building, which is divided into more than
one area of different occupation, must be designed
and constructed in such a way to limit the
transmission of source noise from normal
domestic type activities, between such areas, to a
level that will not threaten the health of, or cause
inconvenience to the building occupants’
Applies to attached domestic and non-domestic
buildings in different occupation
e.g. dwellings or residential buildings
and now includes roofs
Traditional Building
Traditional building means a building or part of a
building of a type constructed before or around 1919:
a) using construction techniques that were
commonly in use before 1919; and
b) with permeable components, in such a way that
promotes the dissipation of moisture from the
building fabric
New Build and Conversions
Performance Levels
Airborne sound (min DnT,w)
Current
2010
Increase
New Build and New Build and
Conversions
Conversions
(dB)
(dB)
(dB)
Mean
Ind
Walls
53
49
56
+3
Floors
52
48
56
+4
Impact sound (max L’nT,w)
Floors
61
65
56
+5
Conversion of Traditional Buildings
Performance Levels
Airborne sound (min DnT,w)
Current
Conversions
2010
Increase
Conversions of
Traditional
Buildings
(dB)
(dB)
(dB)
Mean Ind
Walls 53
49
53
Floors 52
48
53
Impact sound (max L’nT,w)
Floors
61
65
58
+0
+1
+3
Example Constructions
• Developed from field test evidence
• Separating Walls
- Dense block solid or Cavity walls
- Timber or Metal frame twin stud wall
• Separating Floors
- In-situ concrete or Precast concrete slab
- Timber floor with solid joists or I-joists
Timber Frame Walls Comparison
Dense Solid Walls Comparison
Cavity Walls Comparison
Timber Floors Comparison
with solid joist
Precast Slab Floors Comparison
with isolated screed and BRC
Example Construction
Post-completion Testing
No. of
No. of tests for No. of tests for
attached
separating
separating
dwellings
walls
floors
New Build
[houses, flats or
[flats or
maisonettes]
maisonettes]
2 – 20
2
2
Example
21- 40
3
3
Constructions Over 40
1 extra for
1 extra for
every 20
every 20
2 – 10
2
2
Other
11 – 20
3
3
constructions
21 – 30
4
4
Over 30
1 extra for
1extra for every
every 10
10
Post-completion Testing
No. of
No. of tests for No. of tests for
attached
separating
separating
dwellings
walls
floors
formed by [houses, flats or
[flats or
conversion
maisonettes]
maisonettes]
Conversions
1-5
6 - 10
Over 10
2
3
1 extra for
every 5
dwellings
2
3
1 extra for
every 5
dwellings
Post-completion Testing
Phased introduction of testing:
• 1 May 2011 – flats / maisonettes and residential
buildings
• 1 October 2011 – houses and conversions
• Testing carried out by persons with relevant
recognised expertise in acoustics for sound
insulation testing
Doors and Services
• Entrance doors in domestic only - provision of a
perimeter seal to doors in separating walls
• Services in common areas – plant, lifts,
ventilation systems, drainage pipes
• Design of building services - their position in the
building in relation to rooms used for sleeping
Standard 5.2
‘Every building, must be designed and constructed in
such a way to limit the transmission of source noise
from normal domestic type activities, through a wall
or floor, between a room and internal space where
noise is likely to occur, to a level that will not cause
inconvenience to the building occupants’
Excludes hospitals, places of lawful detention,
walls between en-suite bathrooms and the
room it serves
Guidance to 5.2
• Internal insulation to walls and intermediate
floors
- apartments in dwellings; and
- rooms in residential buildings used for sleeping
• Level 43 dB Rw
• Generic Internal Constructions
• Internal doors in non-domestic buildings only
- seal and door density of 25kg/m2
Summary of Key Changes
• Standard 5.1 - now applicable to non-domestic
• Increase in Design Performance Levels – New
Build and Conversions, Conversions of Traditional
Buildings
• Example and Generic Internal Constructions
• Post-completion Testing
• Doors and Services
• New Standard 5.2 – internal sound
insulation to rooms used for sleeping
Any Questions?
2010 Building Standards
Section 6 : Energy
Building Standards Division
Section 6 : Energy 2010
Topics:
• 2010 - Background and Headlines
• Delivering Low Carbon Buildings - key
changes to Handbooks
• Information supporting revisions methodologies, additional guidance
• Summary
Section 6 - Background
• New Section 6 - May ’07
• The Sullivan Report - Dec ‘07
• Recommendation of staged improvements
to energy standards
• Ministerial Announcement - Feb ‘09
• Consultation - June ‘09
• Climate Change (Scotland) Act - Aug ‘09
Section 6 - Background
Summary of Key Changes
• Methods retained, content of section and
actions needed remain familiar
• Review focused on target setting for new
buildings, revised SAP & SBEM
• Improvements to energy efficiency
• Efficient services, effectively controlled,
role of LCE
• Improving existing buildings
… for New Buildings?
• 30% reduction in emissions
• Aggregate 30% for dwellings, flat 30% for
non-domestic
• Improvements in performance of fabric
and services
• Role of Low Carbon Equipment
• Post-completion testing
…Alter, Extend and Convert?
• Retain elemental approach
• Improvements in performance of fabric
and services
• Flexibility for older buildings
• NEW - improving performance of existing
buildings – extensions to dwellings;
improving services in non-domestic
buildings
CO2 Targets - 6.1 Domestic
• Amendments to fuel package table
• Improvement sought will vary with
dwelling type and fuel used
• Improved fabric and infiltration
• Additional parameters - thermal mass,
thermal bypass
• Low carbon element
CO2 Targets - 6.1 Non-domestic
• 30% flat improvement
• 2002 Notional building specification
retained but ‘tweaked’
• Moderation of Cnotional for cooling load
• Carbon emission factors & choice of
heating fuel – parity with 2007
• Improvement factor - 30%
Shell - 6.1 Non-domestic
• Calculating emissions performance under
shell warrant
• Avert problems arising under fit-out warrant
• Facility provided within SBEM
• Assess project early as may influence
warrant procedure adopted
Insulation - 6.2 Fabric
• Limiting energy demand –
‘fabric first’
• Backstops improved by
10 to 15%
• Reducing linear thermal
bridging – new calculation
• ‘Thermal bypass’ in cavity
party walls
• Alternative when extending
Infiltration - 6.2 Fabric
• Extending post-completion testing
• Sample testing of all buildings
• Guidance on testing and on testers develop further?
• Phased introduction of testing from
April 2011
• New guidance on ventilation in
Section 3 under Standard 3.14
Older Buildings - 6.2 Fabric
• Improvement when converting - heated
buildings
• Guidance on traditional buildings
Alternative guidance –
review of Historic Scotland guide
to conversions
Building Services - Overview
• Standards 6.3 to 6.6
• Issues developed and addressed on UK
basis - referring to 2010 CLG Building
Services Compliance Guides
• Review and updating of minimum
efficiencies and controls
• Supporting improvement and
delivery of the 30% target
Building Services - Key Changes
• Domestic guidance on performance of heat pumps
and solar thermal systems; lighting
efficiency; ventilation and cooling guidance
expanded
• Non-domestic minimum lighting efficiency and controls;
flags for improvement of
existing buildings
Low Carbon Equipment
• Recognising expanded role
from 2010
• Using where suitable and effective
• Relation to other legislation, such
as Scottish Planning Policy
• Low Carbon Equipment guides publication in progress
Operation / EPCs / Metering
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Commissioning (6.7) - unchanged
User information (6.8) - scope extended
EPCs (6.9) - unchanged
Metering (6.10 ND) - scope extended to
enable fuller metering strategy
Improving Existing Buildings
• New for 2010
• Recognition of the role building regulations
can play – evidence elsewhere in UK
• Triggered by building work
• Relation to s.63 & 64 of the Climate
Change (Scotland) Act 2009
Improving: Domestic Extensions
• Focus on fabric performance
• Simple assessment of existing dwelling –
wall and roof U-values
• Better fabric values cited where extending
poorer performing dwellings
• Encourages improvement of dwelling
before extension
Improving: Non-dom Services
• As with Climate Change work, focus is on
building services
• Why not fabric?
• Considers systems covered by standards
6.3 to 6.6
• A proportionate approach to improvement
• Develop guidance & examples
Annexes - Other Changes
• Revised guidance on modular and portable
buildings (6.C ND)
• Heating efficiency credits in existing
buildings (6.F ND)
• Improving existing buildings (6.G ND)
Calculation Methodologies
• SAP 2009 - key changes for 2010
• SBEM 2010 – recent developments and
changes since 2007
• NCM Modelling Guide for Scotland
• Provide more information on SAP &
SBEM on BSD web pages
• Flag forthcoming developments
New Web-based Documents
• Accredited Construction Details
• Airtightness testing in Scotland
• Implementing improvement to ND building
services
• Installation/commissioning of ventilation
systems
• Historic Scotland - Conversion of
Traditional Buildings
Summary of Key Changes
• S6 - familiar form and content
• New buildings - target setting to deliver
30% CO2 improvement
• All work - improved backstops for fabric
and service efficiency
• Role for Low Carbon Equipment
• Improving existing buildings when
carrying out work
Questions?
Scottish Building Standards
Section 1 : Structure
Building Standards Division
Key objective of review
• Introduction of
Structural
Eurocodes
• Improve
competitiveness
Background
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European Directives
25 years to develop
Co-existed with British Standards since 2007
Eurocodes will become the primary design
codes
• British Standards – an alternative approach
Structural Eurocodes - 1
• BS EN 1990 – Basis of structural design
• Design code + National Annexe
• Non-Conflicting Complimentary
Information
Structural Eurocodes - 1
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BS EN 1990 Basis of structural design
BS EN 1991 Actions on structures
BS EN 1992 Design of concrete structures
BS EN 1993 Design of steel structures
BS EN 1994 Design of composite steel
and concrete structures
Structural Eurocodes - 2
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BS EN 1995 Design of timber structures
BS EN 1996 Design of masonry structures
BS EN 1997 Geotechnical design
BS EN 1998 Design of structures for
earthquake resistance
• BS EN 1999 Design of aluminium
structures
BS EN 1991 Actions on
structures
• BS EN 1991-1-1
Densities, self
weight and imposed
loads
• BS EN 1991-1-3
Snow loads
• BS EN 1991-1-4
Wind loads
BS EN 1997 Geotechnical
design
EC 7 Geotechnical
design
• BS EN 1997-1
General rules
• BS EN 1997-2
Geotechnical
investigation
BS EN 1990 Basis of
structural design
6 assumptions in Clause 1.3:•
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design competence
construction competence
supervision and quality control
construction materials and
products
• maintenance
• use of structure
Technical Handbooks - 1
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No change to Standard 1.1 (structure)
Basis of structural design BS EN 1990
BSs replaced by Eurocodes
Alternative approaches
Jargon change e.g. loadings - actions
Technical Handbooks - 2
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Procurement
Certification
Fixings
New Annex 1A – list of Eurocode and
corresponding BS
Technical Handbooks - 3
Disproportionate Collapse
• No change to Standard 1.2
• BS EN 1991-1-7
• Risk group 2B
Small Buildings Structural
Guidance
• Consultation question
• Removed from Technical Handbooks
• Research
- masonry
- timber
• BS 8103-3 : 2009. Structural design of
low-rise buildings. Code of practice for
timber floors and roofs for housing
Useful websites - 1
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www.eurocodes.co.uk
www.istructe.org
www.ice.org.uk
www.scoss.org.uk
www.communities.gov.uk
www.bsigroup.com
Useful websites - 2
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www.trada.co.uk
www.concretecentre.com
www.steel-sci.org
www.brick.org.uk
www.masonry.org.uk
Summary of Key Changes
• Eurocodes
• Alternative approaches
• Small buildings structural guidance
Questions ?
Scottish Building Standards
Section 3 : Environment
and
Section 4 : Safety
Building Standards Division
Site Preparation / Flooding
• 3.1 - Additional guidance
on contaminants
• 3.3 - Improved guidance
for flooding and
groundwater
3.14 Ventilation
• Change to the wording of the
standard
• Guidance within 3.14.2 revised
• Guidance within 3.14.10 revised
3.15 Condensation
• Now applies to nondomestic buildings
• Provision of supporting
guidance to this standard
Standard 3.17 and 3.21
• 3.17 - Biomass guidance introduced
• 3.21 - Guidance provided on
flueless gas appliances installation
and ventilation
Standard 4.13
• Introduction of a new standard for
‘Security’
• supporting guidance on improving the
physical security of dwellings
• Escape and Security
4.13 – Security
Design Solutions
• Secured by Design
• Using Doors and windows tested and
certified by a notified body
• Using Doors and windows
manufactured to recognised product
standards
Standard 4.5 Electrical Safety
• Professional expertise
• Approved Certifiers of Construction for
electrical installations
Minor changes
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British and European Standards
Other publications
Format and presentation
Cross referencing
www.scotland.gov.uk/bsd
Summary of Key Changes
• Standard 3.1 new guidance - contaminants
• Standard 3.3 guidance – flooding/groundwater
• Standard 3.14 changes to standard - guidance
on natural ventilation (trickle vents)
• Standard 3.15 apply to non-domestic buildings
• Standard 3:17 new guidance - biomass
• Standard 3.21 new guidance - flueless gas
appliances
Summary of Key Changes
• Standard 4.13 - new standard
security - dwellings
• Standard 4.5 - new guidance
professional expertise & certification
Any Questions?
Scottish Building Standards
Section 2 : Fire
Building Standards Division
Key Objectives of review
• Improve life safety of people in and
around buildings following the outbreak
of fire
• Improve assistance to the fire and rescue
service
• Further the achievement of sustainable
development
2.0 Introduction
• Background
• Scope
• Alternative
approaches
2.9 – Escape (Domestic)
• No change to Standard
• Complete re-write
- Escape within dwellings
- Escape routes
2.9 – Escape within dwellings
• General principles
• Options - table
- Basement storeys
- Escape windows
- Protected enclosures
- Alternative exits
- Open plan
houses and maisonettes
flats
2.9 – Open plan (Domestic)
Remove Protected
Enclosure
Sprinkler Protection, plus
enhance fire detection
and alarm system (LD1)
Sprinkler
Smoke detector
2.9 – Escape Routes (Domestic)
Escape routes
• General principles
• Options – table
- protected enclosures
- automatic life safety fire suppression
- ventilated protected lobbies
• Diagrams – 10m single direction travel and
30m in two directions
2.9 - Escape routes (Domestic)
2.9 - Escape routes (Domestic)
• Smoke ventilation (natural)
• Smoke ventilation (mechanical)
- depressurisation systems
- pressurisation systems
• Fire hazard rooms and services
• Refuge within the building
2.9 – Escape (Domestic)
• Curle Street Fire
Glasgow
2.9 Escape (Domestic)
• Fire broke into
protected lobby
• 60 mins FR Sc
Door in high rise
flats
2.9 Escape (Domestic)
• Safe refuge
within adjoining
dwellings
2.9 Escape (Non-Domestic)
• Simultaneous and phased
evacuation
• Discount largest exit
• Residential buildings
• Locks
2.9 Escape (Non-Domestic)
• Enhanced auto-detection and alarm
systems as an alternative to protected
lobbies in non-residential buildings
• Galleries
• Guide to safety at sports grounds
• Measures to protect occupants using an
escape route beyond final exit
2.9 Escape (Non-Domestic)
• Temporary waiting
spaces
• Emergency voice
communication
system
• Final exits
2.11 - Communication
(Domestic)
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Standard amended (limitation removed)
Smoke alarm – principal habitable room
Heat alarm – kitchen
Inner room
Choice of fire detector
Radio linked systems
2.11 Communication
(Non-Domestic)
• Supporting guidance
re-written
• Risk assessment
approach
2.13 Fire and rescue service
water supply
• Standard amended – limitation removed
for domestic buildings
• Water supply
- public
- private
• Existing hydrant may be used
2.14 Fire and rescue
service facilities
• Title of Standard amended to Fire ‘and
rescue’ service facilities
• Complete re-write
• New table
• Drawings
2.14 Fire and rescue
services facilities
• Access level
• Physiological effects on
fire-fighters
• 45m from riser outlets
in non-sprinklered
buildings
• Wet riser – 50m
2.15 Automatic Fire
Suppression Systems
• Standard amended
- schools
• 2 heads actuation in
dwellings
• Water supply to domestic
buildings
• Suppression in tall buildings
Minor changes - 1
• High rise domestic buildings
• BS 7273-4 – actuation for the release
mechanism of doors
• Fuel pipes
Minor changes - 2
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British and European Standards updated
Other publications
Tables and Drawings
Some text re-written to add clarity
Cross referencing
More detail - www.scotland.gov.uk/bsd
Summary of key changes
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Open plan > 4.5m [D]
Water supply for FRS [D]
Phased evacuation [ND]
Automatic fire detection and alarm systems
Building Disaster Assessment Group
Suppression in schools [ND]
Questions?
Scottish Building Standards
Future Developments
Building Standards Division
Future developments
• Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009
– Existing non-domestic buildings
• Sustainability
– ‘New’ Section 7 for Technical Handbooks
– Recognition of higher levels of design
Future developments
• Europe
– Recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings
Directive (EPBD2)
– Construction Products Regulations (CPR)
– Promotion of the use of energy from
renewable sources
Compliance
• Government manifesto commitment to
improve enforcement of building regulations
• ‘Sullivan Report’ December 2007
• Consultation carried out 2009
Compliance - consultation
• Compliance gap and imbalance between
design approvals and construction
• More emphasis on construction
• Guidance on reasonable inquiry
• Roles, responsibilities not clearly defined
Verification
• Appointments required from May 2011
• Research - study brief
– To evaluate the audit process so far
– To research alternative verification models
• Report published January 2010
Certification – new scheme
• Certification of Construction (Drainage,
Heating and Plumbing) Scheme
• SNIPEF (Scottish and Northern Ireland
Plumbing Federation)
• Approved December 2009
• Launched May 2010
Procedural Guidance on
Certification
• Published BSD website
March 2010
• Developed with liaison groups
• Includes
– Amendments – new certificate?
– Level of information to be
submitted with a warrant
application
Procedural Guidance on
Certification
• Level of information with BW application
• Annex A: structure
– Houses (inc. timber frame)
– Other buildings
• Annex B: energy
Guidance available at - www.scotland.gov.uk/bsd
Go to - ‘certification’ section
Questions?