Forensic Kinesiology An Introduction

Forensic Kinesiology
An Introduction
Forensic Kinesiology
COURSE OUTLINE
Introduction
Broader Perspective
History
History of Forensic Kinesiology
Definition
Interdisciplinary approach to accidents and crime
Forensic Kinesiology
INTRODUCTION
Erin Y. Oliver, R.Kin, CRSP
President & CEO of Barantas Inc
Former Exec of the Ontario Kinesiology Association
14 Yr member of the Canadian Registered Safety Professionals
20 yr member of the OKA
Degree in Kinesiology, minor in Forensics
Working on post grad in Behavioural Forensics
Provided expert reports and testimony in Court
Have acted as the investigator of record for fatal accidents
Forensic Kinesiology
BROADER PERSPECTIVE
PYROTECHNOLOGY
ENTOMOLOGY
SOCIAL
TOXICOLOGY
WORK
ANTHROPOLOGY
ENGINEERING
NURSING
WHY NOT KINESIOLOGY
ODONTOLOGY
ARTIST
ACCOUNTING
MEDICINE
PATHOLOGY
COMPUTING/IT
PHARMACOLOGY
BIOMECHANICS
PSYCHOLOGY
DOCUMENT
VETERINARY
ARCHEOLOGY
GEOPHYSICS
PHOTOGRAPHY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CRIMINAL
Forensic Kinesiology
HISTORY OF FORENSICS
Pre-700 BC – Fingerprints are used on clay tablets for
business transaction in ancient Babylon. 287-212 BC – Archimedes talks about being able to prove the
crown was not made of gold using density and buoyancy.
250 BC – Erasistratus, an ancient Greek physician, discovers
that his patients’ pulse rates increase when they are telling
lies. Allegedly the first lie detection test.
1235 – Story of Sung Tzu and the bloody sickle. A murder was
committed using a sickle. All those in the village who owned a
sickle were made to bring them out and lay them in the sun.
Eventually flies gathered on one particular sickle, identifying it
as the murder weapon.
1248 – The Chinese book His Duan Yu (The Washing Away of
Wrongs) describes how to distinguish drowning from
strangulation. The first recorded application of medicine to
help solve crimes.
Forensic Kinesiology
HISTORY OF FORENSICS
1302 – Bartolomeo da Varignana performs a medico-legal autopsy
in the case of suspected murder of a nobleman.
!
1447 – The missing teeth of the French Duke of Burgundy are used
to identify remains.
1590 – The first microscope is developed.
1609 – Francois Damelle publishes the first treatise on systematic
document examination.
1658 – English physician, biologist, philosopher and historian Sir
Thomas Browne discovers adipocere. What he describes as a fatty,
waxy, soap-like substance formed on human corpses buried in
moist, air-free places.
Forensic Kinesiology
HISTORY OF FORENSICS
1686 – Professor of anatomy Marcello Malpighi notes in his treaties
the ridges, spirals and loops in fingerprints.
1786 – John Toms of Lancaster, England is convicted of murder on
the basis of a torn wad of paper found in a pistol matching a
remaining piece in his pocket. One of the first documented uses of
physical matching.
1830s – Adolphe Quetelet of Belgium proves the foundation of
Bertillon’s work by stating his belief that no two human bodies are
exactly alike.
1831 – Leuchs first notes amylase activity in human saliva.
1854 – English physician Massox develops dry plate photography.
This was used in photographing inmates for prison records.
1855 – Ambroise August Tardieu first draws attention to petechial
haemorrhages occurring in asphyxial deaths.
Forensic Kinesiology
HISTORY OF FORENSICS
1883 – Alphonse Bertillon identifies the first repeat offender based on
his invention of anthropometry.
1901 – Sir Edward Richard Henry is appointed head of Scotland Yard
and forces fingerprint identification to replace anthropometry. –
Professor R. A. Reiss sets up one of the first academic curricula in
forensic sciences.
1905 – US president Theodore Roosevelt establishes the Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
1932 – The FBI crime laboratory is created.
1975 – The Federal rules of Evidence are enacted as a congressional
statute, based on the relevancy standard in which scientific evidence
that is deemed more prejudicial than probative may not be admitted
1977 – The FBI introduces the beginnings of its Automated
Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with first computerized scans
of fingerprints.
Forensic Kinesiology
HISTORY OF FORENSICS
1985 – UK police first use forensic DNA profiling.
1986 – DNA is used for the first time to solve a crime. Jeffreys
uses DNA profiling to identify Colin Pitchfork as the murderer of
two young girls in the English Midlands.
1987 – DNA profiling is introduced for the first time in a US
criminal court.
2007 - shoe print database was developed and used in court
!
Courtesy of: Forensic Science Central www.forensicsciencecentral.co.uk
Forensic Kinesiology
HISTORY OF FORENSIC KINESIOLOGY
First Coined by Dr. Larry Holt of Dalhousie University
Dr. James Kent from California has opened a practice specific to
Forensic Kinesiology
Only 3 known journal articles the topic
First declared in court in Canada in Calgary and again in recently
discussed and cited in Toronto*
Only part of the multi-factor investigation including kinetics and
kinematics of movement
DEFINITELY in its infancy but Kinesiologists are in the courts
regularly for their expertise.
Regulatory considerations within and around the profession
Competent vs Competencies
Forensic Kinesiology
SCOPE OF PRACTICE
The official scope of prac/ce for kinesiologists as outlined in the kinesiology act is as follows: “The prac)ce of kinesiology is the assessment of human movement and performance and its rehabilita)on and management to maintain, rehabilitate or enhance movement and performance. 2007, c. 10, Sched. O, s. 3.” The OKA version of the Scope of Prac/ce is as follows and is essen/ally an enhanced version of the official scope: “The prac)ce of Kinesiology is the assessment of movement, performance and func)on and the rehabilita)on, preven)on and management of disorders to maintain, rehabilitate or enhance movement, performance and func)on, in the areas of sport, recrea)on, work, exercise, and ac)vi)es of daily living.” Courtesy of the Ontario Kinesiology Associa)on Website www.oka.on.ca
Forensic Kinesiology
A DEFINITION
Although there are a few definitions this is the BARANTAS definition
Definition: “The deconstruction into fundamental components of the human
movement factors that contributed to a accident condition by
utilizing assessment, measurement, analysis, and synthesis of those
conditions, alone or in combination, through the sciences within the
discipline of Kinesiology including anatomy, physiology, motor
control, biomechanics, psychology, motivation and pathology to
determine contribution and causation.”
Forensic Kinesiology - looks at the contribution of Human
Movement to the situation.
Forensic Kinesiology
CORE CONCEPTS & SKILLS
Concepts:
Arts - Film, photo, drawing
Life sciences - biology, anatomy
Hard Sciences - physics, math, chemistry
Social - psychology, sociology, justice
Skills:
Testing
Measuring
Evaluating
Describing of human movement
Forensic Kinesiology
FORENSIC MODEL
ARCHITECTURE
WEATHER
ENVIRONMENT
CIVIL DESIGN
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
LIGHT/TEMPERATURE/NOISE
WEAR & TEAR
BUILDING CODE
PUBLIC HEALTH & SAFETY
HIGHWAY TRAFFIC ACT
WORKPLACE H&S
FIRE CODE
DRIVING H&S
ETHICS
LANDLORD TENANT
HOME H&S
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
ANATOMY
SCOPE OF PRACTICE
BIOMECHANICS
CRIMINAL CODE
FACTS
MOTOR CONTROL/LEARNING
REASONS
DATA
PATHOLOGY
TORT
MOTIVATION/COACHING
KINESIOLOGY ACT
PROVINCIAL COURT
FITNESS
CRIMINAL CODE
FEDERAL COURT
INJURY REHABILITATION
POWERS & PROCEDURES ACT
OFFENCES COURT
ERGONOMICS
WSIA
!
INSURANCE ACT
JUSTICE
PROFESSION
RHPA
SYSTEM
Forensic Kinesiology
THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST
Forensic Kinesiology
THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST
Forensic Kinesiology
THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST
Forensic Kinesiology
THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST
Forensic Kinesiology
THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST
Forensic Kinesiology
SOURCES
Ontario Kinesiology Association, www.oka.on.ca
Ontario College of Kinesiologists, www.cko.ca Laurence E. Holt , Thomas W. Pelham & Jason Holt (2011) A Proposed Interdisciplinary Curriculum
in Forensic Kinesiology, Quest, 63:2, 197-208
Thomas W. Pelham, Laurence E. Holt, & Jason Holt (2011) Forensic Kinesiology: Foundations of An
Inter-discipline for Accident/Crime Investigation, American Journal of Forensic Medical Pathology,
Vol 31, No 2., 200-203
Appleby, Timothy (2013) Forensic Kinesiology Still Seeking Better Recognition in the Courts; Globe
and Mail.
Forensic Kinesiology and its Role in the Courtroom; Advocate Daily (2014)
History of Forensic Science, Forensic Science Central, 2014, www.forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/
history.shtml
Forensic Kinesiology
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS AND FEEDBACK
!
ERIN OLIVER
!
1-855-FUL-SAFE
[email protected]