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Swedish trends for source separating systems
Erik Kärrman
SP Urban Water Management
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20 years of source separation systems in Sweden
- Blackwater gravity systems
- Blackwater vacuum systems
- Collective pipe-systems
- Vacuum to tank
- Urine separation systems
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Same driving forces now and then
- Recycling of nutrients
- Environmental protection
- (Water savings)
Future national regulations and goals
- Requirements to appy source separation
in areas with sensitive recipients (?)
- Nutrient recycling (both P and N) in
national environmental goals (?)
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Blackwater systems - examples
Skogaberg, Göteborg
-
-
-
130 households
connected, built in 2002 –
2005
Separate gravity
blackwater system with
conventional toilets and insink-erators
Concentration of nutrients
have been tested
The sewer system is still
running
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Munga, Västerås (279 households)
Slamavskiljare ‐
gemensam
slamavskiljt
BDT vatten
Markbädd ‐
gemensam
behandlat
BDT vatten
Mälaren
BDT vatten
Hushåll ‐
Vattenverk ‐
lokalt
Fordon
BDT
slam
Kungsängens ARV
Markarbete
biogas
renvatten
rötat
slam
klosettvatten
Sluten tank ‐
gemensam
Lagring & hygienisering
klosett‐
vatten
Åkermark
hygieniserat
klosett‐
vatten
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Other blackwater systems
Vibyåsen, Sollentuna.
- Built for 130 households in early 1990th
with a gravity system. The system was
removed in 2002.
Bälinge, Uppsala
- collective vacuum system, built in late
1960th, with appx 1000 vacuum toilets.
Still running, but around half of the toilets
have been removed
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Separating system in H+, Helsingborg
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How?
Blackwater
through vacuum toilets
Food waste
through In-sink-erators
with vacuum or gravity
Greywater
gravity system
Avfallsslagen leds separat till uppsamlingstankar
på Öresundsverket. Möjlighet till separat
behandling av varje avfallsslag eller i
kombinationer.
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Why?
Food waste and
wastewater with
nutrients and energy
recycling
The resources can be
handled efficiently
with a separating
system
A sustainable recycling
system
Minimisation of
hazardous substances
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Waste to resource
Increased production of
biogas for fuels
Increased recycling of
nutrients to agriculture
Potential use of
greywater
Dagens kostnader blir morgondagens resurs!
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Blackwater vacuum to tank
•
•
•
•
Today around 1000
applications in 5
Swedish municipalities
with a growing trend
Can be used in existing
buildings
More problems with new
installations
Good experiences from
the users but need for
service contracts
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Hygienization with liquid composting
- Hygienization with liquid composting
and urea added
- Use as a fertiliser in agriculture
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Urine separation
- Many applications in
the 1990th
- A few remains: e.g.
Understenshöjden
with 44 appartments
in Stockholm. Built in
1995
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Summary of trends
- Blackwater systems have been installed in
Sweden sporadically since late 1960th.
- The trend is an increasing numbers of systems
for single houses (vacuum to tank)
- A couple of new applications of collective
systems are planned (H+ and Västerås)
- Most of the installations of urine separation
systems were made in the 1990th. Many are
today removed.
- New beginning with urine separation?
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THANK YOU!
… and special thanks to
Marinette Hagman, SWR/NSVA
Lena Blom, Göteborg’s stad
Marika Palmér Rivera, Knivsta kommun
Ebba af Petersens, WRS
Mats Johansson, Ecoloop