Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sciences
www.jipbs.com
Original Article
Simple UV spectrophotometric assay of Furosemide
Safila Naveed*1, Fatima Qamar1 , Syeda Zainab2
1Faculty
2Faculty
of Pharmacy Jinnah University for women, Karachi
of Pharmacy, University of Karachi
Abstract
Furosemide is the most commonly used high potency loop diuretics use in clinical
practices. A least time consuming efficient and simple UV spectrophotometric method for
the assay of furosemide has been developed. Comparison of assay of four different brands
of furosemide (Furosemide, Lasix, Diuza, Diride) has also been made available in medical
store of Karachi, Pakistan. The assay is based on the ultraviolet UV absorbance maxima at
about 243nm wavelength of furosemide using water as solvent. A sample of drug was
dissolved in water to produce a solution containing furosemide. Similarly, a sample of
ground tablets of different brands were dissolved in water and various dilutions were
made. The absorbance of sample preparation was measured at 276 nm against the solvent
blank and the assay was determined by comparing with the absorbance of available brand.
Our results reveal that among all the four brands of furosemide (Furosemide, Lasix, Diuza,
Diride) Lasix and Duride shows highest percentage assay of 103.45%. Furosemide shows
percent assay of 101.72% while Diuza shows lowest value for percentage assay 94.82%.
Key words : Furosemide assay, UV spectrophotometry, Furosemide, Lasix, Diuza, Diride
*Corresponding Author: Safila Naveed, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah university for women,
Karachi. Email : [email protected]
1. Introduction
Furosemide is the most commonly
used high potency loop diuretics use in
clinical practice. It’s an organic acid and
highly bound to protein, which reaches the
proximal tubular epithelial cells and it is
secreted by the anion transporter into the
tubular lumen in active free form.
Furosemide site of action of is the thick
ascending limb of loop of Henle. The
mechanism of action is by inhibiting active
chloride transport at the Na-K-2Cl channel
which leads to impaired chloride and
sodium reabsorption resulting in free
water clearance and natriuresis [1].
Furosemide increases delivery of solutes
out of loop of Henle. It is is a sulphonamide
derivative and is the most common
diuretic used in the newborn period. If
given in excessive amounts, can lead to
electrolytic depletion and dehydration.
Furosemide
blocks
the
Na+-K+−
2Cl cotransport system in ascending limb
©JIPBS, All rights reserved
JIPBS
Innovational Publishers
Safila Naveed, JIPBS, Vol 1 (3), 97-101, 2014
and inhibit Na+, Cl− and K+ which are
entering in the tubular cell. Loop diuretics
are highly efficacious so for this reason,
they are called “high-ceiling-diuretics”.
The flux of Na+, K+ and Cl− into the
epithelial cells in the thick ascending limb
from the lumen is mediated by a Na+-K+2Cl− symporter. This symporter use to
capture
free
energy
in
the
+
Na electrochemical gradient which is
established by basolateral Na+ pump and
also provides for “uphill” transport of Cl −
and K + into the cell. Furosemide has also
weak
carbonic
anhydrase-inhibiting
activity and binds extensively to plasma
proteins and bilirubin displacement is
negligible while using normal doses of
furosemide. Delivery of this drug by
filtration to the tubules is limited; it enters
the tubules by the tubular secretion [2].
Furosemide is a rapidly acting loop
diuretic which is used in edematous states
which is associated with hepatic, renal and
particularly cardiac failure So far, the
routes of administration are oral and
intravenous. If intravenously, furosemide
is used that is in decompensate heart
failure, when we require rapid diuretic
action and intestinal absorption may be
delayed because of
gastrointestinal
oedema Thus, time to peak, lag time and
peak of serum concentration may differ in
compensated when compared with
decompensate patients after the oral
furosemide is intake, whereas elimination
half-life and area under the serum
concentration
curve
are
similar,
bioavailability of furosemide exhibits large
interindividual
variability,
primarily
because of limited absorption[3]. Our
research group did this types of assay for
different generic for quality analysis and
this study very useful for pharmacy,
medicine and health professionals[4-9]
because by this they can choose best drug
with minimum price or compare local
brands
with
www.innovationalpublishers.com
multinational
brands.
Figure1 : Structure of furosemide
2. Experimental Design
UV visible 1601 Shimadzu double
beam spectrophotometer was used to
measure spectra. The solvent which are
used for the assay was water.
Wavelength Selection
About 100 ppm of furosemide
solution was accurately prepared in water.
These solutions were scanned in the 200400 nm UV regions. The wavelength
maxima (λmax) were observed at 276 nm
and this wavelength was adopted for
absorbance measurement.
Standard Stock solution
Accurately weighed 10 mg of
furosemide standard was transferred to a
volumetric flask and added sufficient
water to produce 100 ml.
Sample Preparation
The
four
different
brands
(Furosemide, Lasix, Diuza, Diride) were
purchased from different medical store in
Karachi, Pakistan. The all tablets of each
brand had same batch number and were
labeled to conatin furosemide 10mg per
tablet. All the four brands had 5 year shelf
life.
20 tablets of four different brands
of furosemide ( Furosemide, Lasix, Diuza,
Diride) from the marketed sample were
weighed and crushed uniformly with the
help of a mortar and pestle. By calculating
98
Innovational Publishers
www.innovationalpublishers.com
Safila Naveed, JIPBS, Vol 1 (3), 97-101, 2014
the average weighed sample powder
equivalent to 10 mg of furosemide was
transferred into a volumetric flask
containing 10mL water. The solutions
were sonicated for about 5 min and then
make up volume upto 100 ml with water.
Procedure
After preparation of standard and
tablet solutions, strength of solution 100
ppm in 100 ml absorbance of the sample
preparation and standard preparation in
1cm cell at the wavelength of maximum
absorbance at about 276nm, using a
spectrophotometer, using the blank
solution was measured. Calculate the
quantity in mg, of furosemide per tablet.
3. Result and discussion
Method validation and development
The aim of the present study was to
develop a simple, economical, accurate and
sensitive UV method for the determination
of furosemide available dosage form for
separation at ambient temperature.
the percent assay of drugs and Table 2
shows regression equation with R value
which is >0.93. Table 3 shows the
absorbance of all brands and the Table 4
shows correlation between absorbance
and concentration. The results are highly
significant t value 0.00 shows linear
relation of absorbance and concentrations.
Figure 2 shows % assay of different brands
and Figure 3 to 6 shows linearity of all
brands.
Brand
Name
Furosemide
Lasix
DIUZA
Duride
Average wt
of tablet mg
163
156
143
206
Absorbance
at 276 nm
0.059
0.06
0.055
0.06
%
assay
101.72
103.44
94.82
103.44
Table 1: % assay of different brands of
Furosemide
Brand
Name
Regression
equations
y = 0.0006x +
Furosemide 0.001
y = 0.0006x Lasix
0.0045
y = 0.0006x DIUZA
0.0004
y = 0.0006x Duride
0.0046
R²
0.9786
The
absorbance
of
sample
preparation was measured at 276nm
against the solvent blank and the assay
was determined by comparing with the
absorbance of available brand. Our results
reveals that among all the four brands of
furosemide (Furosemide, Lasix, Diuza,
Diride) Lasix and Duride shows highest
percentage assay of 103.44%. Furosemide
shows percent assay of 101.724% while
Diuza shows lowest value for percentage
assay 94.82 %.This method is applicable
for daily routine quantification of
furosemide.
Table 2: Regression equations and R² of
different brands of Furosemide
The method showed good linearity
in the range of 6.25-100 μgmL-1 for all
brands of furosemide with a correlation
coefficient of 0.9999. The recovery of all
brands of furosemide (Furosemide, Lasix,
Diuza, Diride) was > 90 % . Table 1 shows
Table 3: Absorbance of different brands
Conc
ppm
100
50
25
12.5
6.25
0.9471
0.9997
0.9489
Furosemide Lasix DIUZA Duride
Abs
Abs
Abs
Abs
0.059
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.059 0.059
0.059
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.005 0.0047 0.0049
99
Innovational Publishers
Safila Naveed, JIPBS, Vol 1 (3), 97-101, 2014
conc
abs
Pearson
1
1.000**
Correlation
conc
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
6
6
Pearson
1.000**
1
Correlation
abs
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N
6
6
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01
level (2-tailed).
Table 4: Correlations
Selectivity and Specificity
The selectivity and specificity of the
method was established through the study
of resolution factor of the peak of each
brand from that of excepients. The method
demonstrated good resolutions and was
found to be free of interference from the
excipients used in formulation products
and thus, the method is specific for
individual as well as combine drugs. Figure
2.
www.innovationalpublishers.com
recovered. Thus, excepient
interfere with the estimation.
did
not
Range and linearity
Table 2 shows the regression
statistics of concentration analytical
response, the standard deviation of the
regression line and the optimum linear
range (6.25-100 μgmL-1) for each
compound. Calibration curves were
constructed in the range of expected
concentrations (6.25-100 μgmL-1) and
were found to be linear within the
quantification ranges for all the assayed
drugs using a linear regression excellent
linearity was obtained in all cases with
correlation coefficients > 0.90.
Figure 3 : Linearity of Furosemide
Figure 2 : percent assay of different brands
of furosemide
Accuracy and recovery
Data corresponding to these assays
for the assay of different brands are
presented in table 1. The data given in
table 1 shows that there is no significant
difference between the amount of drug
Figure 4: Linearity of Lasix
100
Innovational Publishers
Safila Naveed, JIPBS, Vol 1 (3), 97-101, 2014
www.innovationalpublishers.com
3. Laurent Haegeli, Hans Peter Brunner-La
4.
5.
Figure 5 : Linearity of Diuza
6.
7.
Figure 6 : Linerity of duride
4. Conclusion
It is concluded from above results
and discussion that all the available brands
of furosemide in Karachi Pakistan are
having results of assay and linerity within
the specified quality control range.
References
1. Bunyong
Phakdeekitcharoen
and Kochawan Boonyawat: (2012) The
8.
9.
Rocca, and Stephan Krähenbühl (2007)Br J
Clin Pharmacol. Sublingual administration
of furosemide: new application of an old
drug Dec; 64(6): 804–809.
Huma Dilshad, Safila Naveed and Baqir
Naqvi (2013) Assay of new formulations of
isosorbide mononitrate by using uv
spectrophotometer : BPJ0000115 - World
Research Journal of Medicine Volume : 1
Issue : 1, pg9-10
Safila Naveed, Huma Dilshad and Ghulam
Sarwar (2013) Simple spectrophotometric
assay
of
available
brands
of
Acetaminophen
tablets
and
their
comparative study Journal of pharmacy
and pharmaceutical sciences Volume 2,
Issue 1,1-4
Naveed Safila. Qamar Fatima., Sarwer
Ghulam., (2014) Percentage assay of
metformin in different medium using UVspectrophotometer BPJ0000130 - World
Research Journal of Organic Chemistry
Volume : 2 Issue : 1, 12-14
Safila Naveed (2014) Simple UV
spectrophotometric assay of Atorvastatin
API formulation and their comparative
study, Global Journal of Medical Research
.14(2):35-38.
Safila Naveed, Huda Kafeel and Ramsha
Rukh (2014) Spectrophotometric method
for
the estimation of Ciprofloxacin in
different medium. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical
Research
&
Drug
Development 1:1:27-30
Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) A
simple assay of Esomeprazole Using UV
spectrophotometer The Global Journal of
Pharmaceutical Research (TGJPR) 3(2);
1921-25
added-up albumin enhances the diuretic
effect of furosemide in patients with
hypoalbuminemic chronic kidney disease:
a randomized controlled study
BMC
Nephrol.; 13: 92.
2. Gian Maria (2013)Pacifici Clinical
Pharmacology Of Furosemide In Neonates:
A Review Pharmaceuticals (Basel). Sep;
6(9): 1094–1129.
101