Current concept in intraoperative neuromonitoring

Current concept in intraoperative
neuromonitoring
Federico Bilotta, MD, PhD University of Rome “Sapienza”
48th National Congress of Turkish Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation / Ankara - TURKEY
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No conflicts of interest
Clinical evidence
European Society of Anaesthesiology
Berlin May 30-June 2, 2015
Pre Congress Course on Intraoperative Brain Monitoring
Join Course of the General Anaesthesia and Neuroanesthesia
SubCommitees. Limited to 60 registrants
Massimo Lamperti & Federico Bilotta
Honorato C
Pandin P
Avitsian R
Absalom A
Velly L
Pandit J
Czosnvka M
[email protected]
EEG
Evoked Potential
NIRS
Cerebral Oximetry
BIS
TIVA or volatiles
TCD
Electrophysiology:
Electroencephalogram (EEG), Bispectral Index (BIS), Quantitative EEG (QEEG)
Sinking of the hospital ship «Centaur», II-WW
The B-Aware trial showed that anesthetic administration guided by
bispectral index (BIS) reduces the incidence of intraoperative awareness
Observational study in 2662 patients: >/≤ 5 min EEG suppression
90 days post op mortality similar in 2 groups: 6.3% vs. 3.0% (OR2.19, NS);
EEG suppression + hypotension (MAP<55mmHg) IS predictive (OR2.93!!)
Conclusion:
- Low BIS values are associated with increased post op mortality.
- EEG is a predictor of increased post op mortality ONLY if coincident
with low MAP
Multimodal monitoring index compared with BIS alone.
263 patients undergoing General Anesthesia.
Multimodal index showed a tighter relation with wake status as
compared with BIS alone.
Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring,
effects of peripheral nerve stimulation on
burst suppression (BS) patterns.
In 9 patients BS was measured before and
after ulnar nerve stimulation.
The use of techniques reviewed in these guidelines may reduce
perioperative neurological morbidity and mortality
Electrophysiology
Evoked Potentials
Sung-­‐Min Kim,1 Seung Hyun Kim,2 Dae-­‐Won Seo,3 and Kwang-­‐Woo Lee1 Indications:
-  Cerebral tumor surgery
-  Brainstem surgery
-  Spinal surgery
-  Vascular surgery (CEA)
-  Thyroid/Parathyroid/Esophagus
-  Peripheral nerves
In 89 patients undergoing MCA
aneurysm surgery.
Abolish 50% of MEP and SSEP.
In 15 patients changes in MEP
were independent prognostic for
long term motor outcome (31mo).
MEP reliably identify ischemic
intraoperative complications.
Jason S. Cheng, M.D.,1 Michael E. Ivan, M.D.,1 Christopher J. Stapleton, M.D.,1 Alfredo Quinones-­‐
Hinojosa, M.D.,2 Nalin Gupta, M.D., Ph.D.,1,3 and KurMs I. Auguste, M.D.1 Retrospective data analysis from
12 patients with intramedullary
spinal cord tumor resection.
Intraoperative MEP changes in 6,
accurately predicted
postoperative motor changes.
Spinal cord had limited tolerance
to SSEP decrease.
Near-Infrared Spectrometry (NIRS)
Microdialysis
In 32 SAH patients undergoing coiling,
NIRS and NR monitoring (every 10-15 min).
No association with BL rSO2 and side of
the aneurysm or WFNS grade.
Angiographic spasm was associated with a
Trend in ispilateral NIRS reduction In 27 patients undergoing ascending aorta replacement
monitored with NIRS cerebral rSO2 and left radial artery
antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP).
In 2 patients temporary post op neurological deficits.
No permanent Pos top neurological deficits.
Conclusions: NIRS-cerebral rSO2 and left radial ACP provide
accurate measurment of cerebral perfusion. In 200 patients assigned to INVOS interventional (rSO2> 80%) or
control.
POCD on post op day 7th: 28% VS. 52% (p<0.002)
CONCLUSION: Postoperative cognitive outcome was significantly
better in patients with intraoperative cerebral oximetry
monitoring. Prolonged rSO2 desaturation is a predictor of
cognitive decline and has to be avoided.
Observational series of 120
retrospective cases undergone infra
inguinal by pass surgery.
Monitored with CO, BIS and NIRS.
Use of multimodal intraoperative
monitoring, aimed to build up of O2
debt should be subject to RCT control
Review of 133 articles
Neurosurgery
Maxillfacial
Thoracic
Vascular
Urology…etc
Conclusions: certain non-cardiac surgical procedures
are associated with an increased risk of rScO2
(thoracic, major abdominal, laparoscopic, hip).
Evidence for an association between cerebral
desaturation and postoperative outcome parameters
needs to be established.
The available evidence for the validity of cerebral microdialysis
as a diagnostic tool during brain surgery is of low scientific
quality.
In order to develop cerebral microdialysis as a valid instrument
for monitoring of brain metabolism during surgery, standardized
clinical prospective studies in homogeneous patient populations
are required
Cerebral Blood Flow
Transcranial Doppler and color Doppler
Conclusions
- EEG burst suppression was considered to be “neuroprotective”, now we
know that it is associated with increased mortality;
- BIS monitoring reduces episodes of awareness;
-  Extreme BIS values are associated with higher risk of POD;
-  Peripheral nerve stimulation affects BIS values;
-  Multimodal monitoring is more accurate than BIS in the evaluation of
anesthesia depth, COULD be effective in reducing postoperative deficits.
-  Evoked potentials provide insights in brain surgery and EFFECTIVELY
reduce peripheral deficits after spinal procedures.
-  Ultrasound (2D & Doppler) provide effective information on CBF
Monitoring systems –per se- do not interfere with the clinical
course unless appropriate data evaluation and coherent
therapeutic/management initiatives are undertaken;
Thank you
Microdialysis