1. No category

1
Smart Sustainable Cities and Communities:
Status Report of Triple Helix Projects in Norway
Annemie Wyckmans & many others
NTNU Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art
Japan-Norway Energy Science Week, Tokyo, 26-29 May 2015
http://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities LinkedIn: «Smarte byer og bygder»
Cities as polluters
Smart Sustainable Cities
=
Energy-Efficient,
Climate-Resilient,
Health-Promoting,
Inclusive & Attractive
by default
Solar
?
Smart
Grids
Industries
Energy Systems
Integration
Zero Emission
Buildings /
Neighbourhoods
Smart Sustainable Cities
Wind
?
Smart City:
From Science to Practice
(and back)
How can research contribute?
 Now
 In 20 years from now
What kind of research is needed now in order to help cities reach their longterm visions in terms of energy, greenhouse gas emissions and sustainability?
How can we contribute to develop the right indicators and assessment methods
to help cities in their transformation to a low carbon society?
How can we contribute to provide science-based information as decision
support for cities that need to make risky decisions? (i.e., not business as
usual)
Lots of definitions, some common ground
Designed as urban
innovation ecosystems
Use of ICT-enabled systems
and tools
Tackle complex
environmental and
sustainability challenges
Optimize performance of
urban infrastructures,
services & processes
Towards a low-carbon
society with high quality of
life
Smart technologies
Wireless
Trondheim
& MazeMap
Tracking
movement
patterns
indoors & outdoors
to learn more
about how
spaces are used
Contact persons
John Krogstie (NTNU) &
Thomas Jelle (MazeMap)
Smart people
What does having customised information at all times mean for our dialy lives,
for the manner in which we use buildings and the city?
Illustration: EU project «MyNeighbourhood»; Contact person Sobah Petersen (SINTEF Technology and Society)
10
Smart Design: Robust integration
When everything functions as intended we hardly notice it…
Annemie Wyckmans, 24.oktober 2013, Inneklimadagen Oslo
11
… while poor design and errors are perceived very quickly, can create severe
hindrances in our daily lives, and diminish our quality of life
Annemie Wyckmans, 24.oktober 2013, Inneklimadagen Oslo
Integrated infrastructures – Urban ecosystems
Who is
responsible
for the
integration
between
different sectors?
Energy
Water
Transport
Buildings
Green structures
ICT
Waste
Food
...
Towards Zero Emission Buildings
Powerhouse Kjørbo; Sandvika / Bærum ; Illustration SNØHETTA / MIR. www.zeb.no
Towards Zero Emission Buildings
Powerhouse Kjørbo; Sandvika / Bærum ; Illustration SNØHETTA / MIR
IEA Task 51 Solar Energy in Urban Planning
http://task51.iea-shc.org/
Photo: Gabriele Lobaccaro
Key Performance Indicators
for Smart Energy Communities
Country
Level
City
Level
Energy use per capita; Energy use per unit of GDP; Reserves-to-production ratio;
Non-carbon energy share in energy and electricity; Net energy import dependency;
Percentage of income spent on energy; Storage capacity; Security of supply, etc
Total residential electrical energy use per capita; Percentage of city populations with
authorized electrical service; Energy consumption of public buildings; Percentage from
renewables of total energy use; Impact on teh electricity network; Air pollution;
Charging networks; Intelligent transport systems; Average commuting times; Value of
fuel savings etc
District
Level
Reductions in CO2 emissions; Life cycle costs; Air pollution; Import and export of
energy; K2H/m2 per hours of occupancy; CO2/travel km; Distance to public transport
nodes; Frequency of public transport; Cycling networks; Integration of RES; Intelligent
transport facilities etc
Building
Level
Energy demand in kWh/m2 floor area; Delivered and primary energy in kWh/m2 floor
area; Power demand; CO2 emissions from materials, construction and operation; Life
cycle energy costs; Load match and grid interaction indicators; User interaction etc
SINTEF & NTNU (KPI-SEC)
COST TU0902 iaforcities.com
Integrated Assessment of Cities
Integrated
assessment methods
e.g. London
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/ceser/researchprogramme/i
ntegratedsystemsdemonstrationscities/
Contact person: Richard Dawson (Newcastle University)
RAMSES Reconciling Climate Change Adaptation,
Mitigation and Sustainable Development in Cities
www.ramses-cities.eu
ZenN Near Zero Energy Neighbourhoods. Energy Efficient
Renovation of Domestic Building Blocks www.zenn-fp7.eu
COSSMIC Collaborating Smart Solar-Powered Microgrids
www.cossmic.eu
Governance and Public Participation
1919 – 1922: Energy fficiency test buildings at NTNU campus
2014: ZEB Living Lab & Test Cell
Long-Term Planning,
Acting & Monitoring
Urban Lab Trondheim
Landuse & transportation
planning
ZEB buildings
Smart Cities
Low energy/ emission
neighborhood planning
Health promoting areas
Social inclusion & participatory
processes
Urban governance
Public space and Art
Kunnskap for en bedre verden
25
Contact person: Hogne Nersund Larsen (Asplan Viak) & Simon Loveland (Trondheim municipality)
Engagement of professional and end user
communities
Research + Industry + Public governance + Citizens + Funding organisations
+ Insurance + Politicians + ...
www.eera-sc.eu
Bodø
Norwegian
cooperation
on smart
cities
Capacity building
Trondheim
Project workshops
Bergen
Stavanger
Oslo
Skien
Kristiansand
Mobilisation
workshops
Presentation of
regional activities
Stavanger won a prestigious European Horizon 2020
project as smart city lighthouse in 2014.
Trondheim has applied, with support of NTNU, SINTEF
and a range of local companies, in 2015
Kunnskap for en bedre verden
30
Contact persons: Eivind Sommerseth (Research Council Norway) & Asgeir Jordbru (Bodø municipality)
Triple Helix
Cooperation between cities, industry & research to optimise knowledge transfer and
learning, document experiences, and avoid mistakes already made by others
www.eera-sc.eu
COST Action TU0902
Joint Program Smart Cities
A virtual centre of excellence within EERA European Energy Research Alliance
66 research centres & universities, incl 2 umbrella organizations & 5 industry partners
262 person years per year
Support transformation towards smart, energy-efficient, liveable, sustainable cities in EU
City Advisory Board
(2/deltagerland)
Norge: Trondheim & Oslo
(2014 – 2016)
EU-skyggegruppen har som formål å øke norsk deltagelse i EU-prosjekter og –nettverk tilknyttet energieffektive
bygninger / smarte byer og tettsteder. Prosjektet kjøres av NTNU og SINTEF Byggforsk,
ogpersons
er finansiert
av
Contact
in Norway:
www.eera-set.eu
Medvirkningsordningen til Norges forskningsråd, prosjektnummer 235153
Annemie. Wyckmans (NTNU)
Epost: [email protected], LinkedIN: Smarte byer og bygder; Nettside: http://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities
& Mads Mysen (SINTEF Byggforsk)
A new role for buildings in generating, distributing, consuming,
storing, and saving energy at urban scale
?
Coordination Meeting Review
JP Smart Cities, Vienna,
26 February 2013
Identifying / Measuring Added Value
What happens around 2018 – 2020 when all new buildings become NZEB? (EPBD)
When all buildings need to generate part of their own energy => interaction with the
grid, with other buildings is a core issue
What kind of added value are we looking for?
• Primary Energy
• User Services
• Quality of Energy (optimal energy use)
• Scale
•Quantification of Rebound Effect
USER
CITY
•Link to indicators
•Cities website
Level 3 Activity: Knowledge Platform
BUILDING
MOBILITY
34
KPIs for Energy-efficient Interactive Buildings in
Smart Cities (EeIB)
What is the role of buildings in Smart Cities?
KPIs
• Definition / Vision of EeIB
• Key Performance Indicators for EeIB (KPI)
• Assessment of Added Value / Cost of EeIB
Building – Energy
System Integration
Methodology for developing KPIs
• Quantitative & qualitative
• Purpose of KPI (design, evaluation, modelling, performance, informative, regulation…)
• Target group for KPI (city managers, grid operators, researchers, general public…)
• Establish priorities (core dimensions, parameters, data)
• Establish co-benefits & conflicts (e.g., efficiency vs adaptation, redundancy)
• Specify temporal and spatial level (building, neighborhood/district, municipality,…)
• Benchmarking – Transferability across cities
35
Building – Energy System Integration
Design and operation of buildings as active optimal components in the eenrgy
system of the Smart City
Optimisation parameters
KPIs
• Available flexibility (see NB!)
• Renovation-level
• Building typologies, design process
Building – Energy
System Integration
• Integration of renewables / mix of energy resources
Constraints
• Comfort/User behaviour
• Development over lifetime / usage of buildings
• Robustness of energy system
• National policies
• General lack of information/representative data
NB! The main function of the building will always be a place where people live/work –
first priority
36
KPIs
Added value
Building – Energy
System Integration
Smart buildings / cities do things for people
that they would not do themselves
• Services
• What are you optimizing for? E.g., GHG, cost, energy, comfort, resilience
(all? Service with the least amount of impact)
• Optimizing at which scale ? Building + District + City
+• How to identify potential conflicts, co-benefits, synergies?
• How to identify opportunities for intervention?
Need for Key Performance Indicators
• A way to systemize, common repository of data
• Measure towards which you can optimise, decision support
• Hierarchical approach for optimization and control structure
• Validate modelling/prediction – real-world performance
• Benchmark for comparison, improvement
37
KPIs
Feedback summary
Building – Energy
System Integration
Requirements for KPIs:
•
•
•
•
Concise – not too many KPIs
Being dynamic, how they are varying together
Correct scale (Building to neighbourhood/district, clusters, not individual
Upgrading existing policy/framework in cities, models, regulations
• KPIs linking buildings to Smart Cities (bottom up + top down)
Buildings
Smart Cities
• Representation of the rest of the system when designing buildings
(e.g., what does “flexibility” mean?)
38
KPIs
Feedback summary
Building – Energy
System Integration
KPIs should reflect how people are using buildings & the city
• Qualitative
• Quantitative (e.g count how many people use green areas/common areas/public
spaces and for how long do they use it and for which purposes (ref study in
Denmark by Jan Gehl)
• Socio technical systems, e.g. the aging society
• Energy budget for people (smart phone – cost og comfort)
• Cheap loans for EEIB
• Incentives for developers/owners
39
KPIs
Feedback summary
Building – Energy
System Integration
KPIs should assure adaptability (short / long term)
for many parameters e.g.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Climate change
Regulations
Cost issues
Different usages of the building over the lifetime, day/night etc
Demand energy response
Include innovation, e.g. in terms of RES, storage
Include probability of future events
Resilience of building – energy systems integration:
• Security – Robustness
• Flexibility – Connectivity – Cascading effects
• Responsiveness – Hierarchy
• Redundancy – Diversity
• …
40
Towards a Knowledge Platform for
Energy-Efficient Interactive Buildings
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Distinction according to beneficiaries
Cases and pilots
Data sets (open) and protocols – involvement of industry?
Business models
Information from different levels (Buildings, cities, regional and national)
Systems for forecast and load management (Production, weather and load)
Development and sharing of tools and applications
Supporting ICT structure
Systemic approach development
EU wide database on user / energy data
Level 2 Activity: Repository of all SP3 output on the EERA JP Smart Cities website
Level 3 Activity: Knowledge Platform
41
Solar
?
Smart
Grids
Industries
Energy Systems
Integration
Zero Emission
Buildings /
Neighbourhoods
Smart Sustainable Cities
Wind
?
43
Smart Sustainable Cities and Communities:
Status Report of Triple Helix Projects in Norway
Annemie Wyckmans & many others
NTNU Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art
Japan-Norway Energy Science Week, Tokyo, 26-29 May 2015
http://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities LinkedIn: «Smarte byer og bygder»