1. health and fitness
2. disease

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
in accordance with ISO 14025, ISO 21930 and EN 15804
Owner of the Declaration:
E.A. Smith AS
Program operator:
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Publisher:
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Declaration number:
NEPD-321-200-EN
Issue date:
09.04.2015
Valid to:
09.04.2020
Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as
well as straight and shaped
E.A. Smith AS
www.epd-norge.no
NEPD-321-200-EN Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars, Smtih Stål AS
1
Umwelt Produktdeklaration Name des Herstellers – Name des Produkts
General information
Product:
Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of
mesh as well as straight and shaped bars
Owner of the declaration:
E.A. Smith AS
Contact person:
Terje Hals
Phone:
+47 33 37 25 19
e-mail:
[email protected]
Program operator:
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo, Norway
Phone:
+47 23 08 82 92
e-mail:
[email protected]
Manufacturer:
E.A. Smith AS avd. Smith Stål
Heggstadmoen 13, 7080 Heimdal
Phone:
+47 72 59 25 00
e-mail:
[email protected]
Declaration number:
NEPD-321-200-EN
Place of production:
Norway
ECO Platform reference number:
-
Management system:
ISO 14001
ISO 9001
EN 1090-2-CE
This declaration is based on Product Category Rules:
CEN Standard EN 15804 serves as core PCR
NPCR 013 Steel as Construction Material Rev 1 (08/2013)
Organisation no:
816051142
Statement of liability:
The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the
underlying information and evidence. EPD Norway shall
not be liable with respect to manufacturer information, life
cycle assessment data and evidences.
Issue date:
09.04.2015
Valid to:
09.04.2020
Declared unit:
-
Year of study:
2014
Declared unit with option (A1-A3 + A4):
Per kg steel
Comparability:
Functional unit:
-
The EPD has been worked out by:
Michael Myrvold Jenssen
Annik Magerholm Fet
EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they
not comply with EN 15804 and seen in a building context.
Verification:
The CEN Norm EN 15804 serves as the core PCR.
Independent verification of the declaration and data,
according to ISO14025:2010
internal
external
Third party verifier:
Approved
Kari Sørnes, SINTEF
Independent verifier approved by EPD Norway
NEPD-321-200-EN Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars, Smtih Stål AS
2
Product
Product description:
Reinforcement steel is prefabricated at European steel works in
the form of ribbed bars and shaped reinforcement bars and mesh.
The reinforcement steel is then shaped according to customer
specifics by cutting and bending at the manufacturer in Norway,
without the need for welding.
Technical data:
The product certified is in accordance with standards:
NS 3576-1, NS 3576-3 and NS 3576-4.
Recycled content of steel:
>99% steel scrap.
Reinforcement steel is used in the construction of buildings and
civil structures, and is used to strengthen concrete by keeping it in
tension.
Product specification:
Typical product compostion for reinforcement steel is
described in the table below:
Materials
Iron
Carbon
Manganese
Silicone
kg
0,98-0,99
0,005-0,002
0,03-0,07
0,02
%
98 - 99
0,05-0,02
0,3-0,7
0,2
Market:
Norway
Reference service life, product:
Not relevant.
LCA: Calculation rules
Declared unit:
Per kg steel
System boundary:
Cradle to gate (A1-A3) including transport from manufacturer to customer (A4). System boundaries are shown in the flowchart.
Waste flows, especially cut-offs from the steel manufacturing in A3, are treated within the module they occur via system expansion.
Data quality:
General requirements and guidelines concerning use of
generic and specific data and the quality of those are as
described in EN 15804: 2012, clause 6.3.6 and 6.3.7. The
data is representative according to temporal, geographical
and technological requirements.
Cut-off criteria:
All major raw materials and all the essential energy is
included. The production process for raw materials and
energy flows that are included with very small amounts (<1%)
are not included. This cut-off rule does not apply for
hazardous materials and substances.
Temporal:
Data for use in module A3 is supplied by the manufacturer
and consists of the recorded amount of specific material and
energy consumption for the product studied. Specific data has
been collected in 2014. Generic data has been created or
updated within the last 10 years.
Allocation:
The allocation is made ​in accordance with the provisions of EN
15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production inhouse is allocated equally among all products through mass
allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials
allocated to the main product in which the material was used.
The recycling process and transportation of the material is
allocated to this analysis.
NEPD-321-200-EN Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars, Smtih Stål AS
3
Geographical:
The geographic region of the production sites included in the
calculation is Europe.
Technological:
Data represents technology in use.
Data for module A1 consists of specific data derived from
environmental product declarations from suppliers. This data
is then weighted according to the specific contribution in the
final production mix in module A3. All other data are gathered
from GaBi 6.
LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information
The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD.
The scenario for transport distances and transportation modes from suppliers to manufacturer represents both recorded and
calculated routes and distances from factory gates in Europe to Smith Stål Øst in Holmestrand, Norway.
Transport from suppliers to producer (A2)
Type of vehicle
Type
Capacity utilisation (incl. return) %
85
40
48
65
Truck
Railway
Boat
Barge
Distance km Fuel/Energy
consumption
Truck, Euro5, 28-34t
2000t gross tonne train
1200-10000 dwt
Canal, 1500t capacity
Transport from production place to user (A4)
Type of vehicle
Type
Capacity utilisation (incl. return) %
Truck
88
2335
620
2760
700
l/tkm
kWh/tkm
l/tkm
-
Distance km Fuel/Energy
consumption
600
-
Truck, Euro4, 20-16t
Value
(l/t)
-
Value
(l/t)
-
Transport in A4 represents a flat average calculated from 2013 fuel consumption and freight data from Smith Stål Øst.
LCA: Results
The results shows that the most significant impacts comes from the production of steel, given in A1. The steel is shipped from
European manufacturers, giving a high impact in A2. Module A3 includes heating of the manufacturer's warehouse, cutting and
bending of reinforcement steel, as well as the treatment of wastes.
System boundaries (X=included, MND= module not declared, MNR=module not relevant)
Replacement
B3
B4
X
X
X
X
MND
MND
MND
MND
Reuse-Recovery-Recyclingpotential
Repair
B2
Disposal
Maintenance
B1
Waste processing
Use
A5
Transport
Assembly
A4
De-construction demolition
Transport
A3
Operational water use
Manufacturing
A2
Operational energy use
Transport
A1
Beyond the
system
boundaries
End of life stage
Refurbishment
Use stage
Assemby stage
Raw materials
Product stage
B5
B6
B7
C1
C2
C3
C4
D
MND
MND
MND
MND MND
MND MND MND
NEPD-321-200-EN Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars, Smtih Stål AS
MND
4
Environmental impact
Parameter
GWP
ODP
POCP
Unit
A1-A3
A41
kg CO2 -eqv
kg CFC11-eqv
kg C2H4 -eqv
5,19E-01
2,81E-02
7,24E-08
1,92E-13
AP
kg SO2 -eqv
1,94E-03
1,28E-04
EP
kg PO43--eqv
kg Sb-eqv
MJ
3,86E-04
3,24E-05
1,17E-04
-4,27E-05
-2,94E-08
7,65E+00
1,30E-09
3,86E-01
ADPM2
ADPE
1
There is inherent flaw in the POCP results in the GaBi 6 software when datasets for trucks have been used with CML 2001. Negative impact results in this
category essentially means that the use of transport will in effect clear smog formation. A4 recalculated with the ReCiPe impact assessment methodology
gives 5,04E-05 kg NMVOC.
2
The negative numbers here is traced back to supplier EPD data used in A1. A similar negative result in ADPM has been seen in other steel EPD’s where
Worldsteel datasets has been used. The consensus is that the ADP Elements impact category has some uncertainties, and the negative result is due to system
expansion and crediting of by-products (EAF Dust – dust from recycled material in an electric arc furnace) in the Worldsteel data set.
GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric
photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non
fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources
Resource use
Parameter
RPEE
RPEM
TPE
NRPE
NRPM
TRPE
SM
RSF
NRSF
Unit
MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ
kg
MJ
MJ
3
A1-A33
1,10E+00
1,09E+00
2,19E+00
9,43E+00
4,02E-05
9,43E+00
5,45E-03
2,56E-05
2,37E-04
A4
2,18E-01
3,03E-14
2,18E-01
3,88E-01
1,13E-13
3,88E-01
-
m
W
2,35E-01
2,10E-03
3
There is a discrepancy between TRPE and ADPE for A1-A3. The difference is traced back to the EPDs used as background data for A1.
RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; TPE
Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non
renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary
materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; W Use of net fresh water
End of life - Waste
Parameter
HW
NHW
RW
Unit
kg
kg
kg
A1-A3
A4
6,71E-02
1,46E-01
8,42E-04
1,84E-07
0,0000557
8,09E-07
HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed
End of life - Output flow
Parameter
CR
MR
MER
EEE
ETE
Unit
kg
kg
kg
MJ
MJ
A1-A3
4,89E-02
2,86E-04
-
A4
-
CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported
thermal energy
Reading example: 9,0 E-03 = 9,0*10-3 = 0,009
NEPD-321-200-EN Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars, Smtih Stål AS
5
Additional Norwegian requirements
Greenhous gas emission from the use of electricity in the manufacturing phase
The elecricity mix (NO) represents the average country or region specific electricity supply for final consumers, including electricity
own consumption, transmission/distribution losses and electricity imports from neighboring countries.
Data source
GaBi v6.4.x
Amount
0,0465
Unit
kg CO2-eqv/kWh
Dangerous substances
The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list
The product contains substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list that are less than 0,1 % by
weight.
The product contain dangerous substances, more then 0,1% by weight, given by the REACH Candidate List or the
Norwegian Priority list, see table.
The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list. The product is
classified as hazardous waste (Avfallsforskiften, Annex III), see table.
Indoor environment
No tests have been carried out on the product concerning indoor climate - Not relevant
Carbon footprint
Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product.
Bibliography
ISO 14025:2010
Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and
procedures
ISO 14044:2006
Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
EN 15804:2012+A1:2013
Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declaration - Core rules for the
product category of construction products
ISO 21930:2007
Sustainability in building construction - Environmental declaration of building products
LCA Report
Life Cycle Assessment Report:
Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and
shaped bars (NTNU SISVI Report 2015-03)
NPCR 013-2013
Product Category Rules Steel as Construction Material
Environdec EPD no.:
S-P-00306 (2012)
Celsa Steel Service AS:
Steel reinforcement products for concrete (Norway)
ift Rosenheim GmbH
EPD-BMG-10.1 (2013)
Baustahlgewebe GmbH:
Betonstahlmatten und Gitterträger
ift Rosenheim GmbH
EPD-BS-10.0 (2013)
Badische Stahlwerke GmbH:
Betonstahl zur Bewehrung von Beton
GlobalEPD
001-002.12 rev. 0
SN Seixal, S.A. Grupo Megasa
Productos largos de acero no aleado para construcción laminados en caliente
procedentes de horno eléctrico: barras corrugadas.
Program operator
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo
Norway
Publisher
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo
Norway
Owner of the declaration
E.A. Smith AS
Heggstadmoen 13
7080 Heimdal
Author of the Life Cycle Assessment
Michael M. Jenssen and Annik M. Fet
NTNU
Institutt for industriell økonomi og
teknologiledelse, 7491 Trondheim
Phone:
+47 23 08 82 92
e-mail:
web
Phone:
[email protected]
www.epd-norge.no
+47 23 08 80 00
e-mail: [email protected]
web
www.epd-norge.no
Phone:
+47 72 59 25 00
Fax
e-mail:
[email protected]
web
www.smithstal.no
Phone: +47 73 59 35 11
e-mail:
[email protected]
web
[email protected]
www.ntnu.no/iot
NEPD-321-200-EN Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars, Smtih Stål AS
6