1. society
2. welfare
3. healthcare
4. hospital

ÅPENT KVARTAL
Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen I OSLO (AHO) TEAM
TEAM LEADER: Bryony Roberts
CRITICS: Erik Langdalen and Jorge Otero-Pailos
PHD ADVISERS: Christian Parreno, Guttorm Ruud
STUDENTS: Nina Gjersoe, Hauk Lien, Eva Bakke Negård,
Ida Nordstrøm, Liv Mari Oppebøen, Rebecca Schulz
RECENT GRADUATES: Helle Bendixen, Liv Hanstad
With Craig Konyk and students from Columbia University, GSAPP, New York:
STUDENTS: Pari Agarwal, Stephanie Jones, Wesley LeForce,
Michael Middleton, Andre Stiles.
OPEN QUARTER
INNHOLDSFORTEGNELSE
DESIGN PROPOSAL
BACKGROUND
History
p. 4 - 8
p. 9 - 11
Viksjø sin arkitektur
Monumental Field
p. 12 - 14
p. 15 - 16
Fremtid og debatt
p. 28 - 34
Urban Connections
p. 35 - 41
Common Ground
p. 42 - 51
Felles grunn
p. 17 - 19
Minnesmerke
Future and Debate
Lowered Density
Urbane forbindelser
Gjeldende forhold
Memorial
p. 25 - 27
Senket tetthet
Monumentale felt
Current Condition
Open Quarter
Åpent kvartal
Historie
Viksjø’s Architecture
CONTENT
New History
Ny h istorie
p. 20 - 23
p. 52 - 58
BAKGRUNN
BACKGROUND
HISTORIE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
HISTORY
Norway’s first official
architecture competition
for The Trinity Church at
Hammersborg announced.
The Empire Quarter lanned
by Grosch; The first buildings
in National Hospital Quarter
built.
1300’s
1807
Competition of the expansion
1826
1858
1849
1860
The Empire Quarter
National Hospital completed.
The Military Hospital
completed, the
first
building in what
became the State University
Hospital complex.
The Trinity Church
completed.
The Deichmanske
Library completed
1883
1887
The State University Hospital
moved to Pilestredet, and the
Government moved in and
used some of the buildings in
the Empire Quarter.
Y-blokka completed.
Bomb attack
in the Government Quarter.
The first headquarter for the
newspaper Aftenposten built
in the street Akersgata.
1845
Vertical axis
between Akershus
Fortress and Old
Aker Church
Competition for the
Government Quarter
launched.
1906
The last buildings
in the Empire
Quarter was
demolished.
1931
1933
Arne Garborgs Plass
The south wing of
Gamleblokka built, the first
building in the Government
Quarter, designed by
Stener Lenschow and
completed by Henrik Bull.
1958
1939
S-blokka completed
1970
1962 1969
1990
1978
Erling Viksjø’s
competition entry
“Vestibyle” /
Høyblokka completed
2011
Høyblokka is extended
with two floors, placing the
Priministers office at the top.
Lid over Arne Garborgs Plass
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
5
OLD AKER CHURCH, 1080
1300’s
1807
1845
1826
1858
1849
1860
1883
1887
Old Aker Church is the oldest standing building
in Oslo. The construction of the present
church dates back to early 12th century, and
was allegedly built by King Olav Sverre. The
grounds on which it stands on were originally
likely the place of the regional thing. 1861 the
church was renovated by the architects H.E.
Schirmer an W. von Hanno who also added
a new central tower, replacing the old one. It
was constructed on the old farm of Aker that
stretched all the way down to the fiord, also
giving the name to the fortress situated there.
AKERHAUS FORTRESS, 1290
Vertical axis between
Akershus Fortress and
Old Aker Church
Originally it was constructed as a medieval
castle and strategically situated on top of
the headland of Aker, Akershus Fortress
is the most significant fortress in Norway.
Construction was first started in 1299 by king
Håkon V Magnusson. In the 17th century it was
rebuilt into a rennaisance castle surrounded
by a bastion fortress. It was used for military
purposes up until the 20th century. Parts of
the facility was also used as a prison. Today it
houses the Ministry of Defence, and after the
2011 terrorist attacks, the Prime Ministers Office.
OSLO CATHEDRAL, 1697
Oslo Cathedral, former Our Saviour’s Church,
is the main church for the Church of Norway
Diocese of Oslo, as well as the parish church
for downtown Oslo. The cathedral was
built 1694-1697 under king Christian IV. The
Cathedral was rebuilt between 1848-1850
after a plan by the German architect, Alexis
de Chateauneuf which was completed by H.E.
Schirmer an W. von Hanno, the same architect
who did the reconstruction of Old Aker
Church. The Norwegian Royal Family and the
Norwegian Government use the Cathedral for
public events.
NATIONAL HOSPITAL, 1826
PRE-19th CENTURY
With epidemics and wars around Europe during
the 1800s, the need for hospitals became
urgent. In 1807, the architects Jens Bang and
Johan Raphael Pousette built a military hospital
at the site. The first building in the new Hospital
Quarter was completed in 1826 by Christian
Heinrich Grosch. Because of limited resources,
the next buildings in the quarter were not
completed before 1845. By that time, both
population grew and new technologies were
developed, making the new buildings in the
Hospital Quarter rapidly outdated.
ÅPENT KVARTAL
6
ROYAL PALACE, 1849
The Royal Palace of Oslo was built for the king
Karl III Johan in the years 1824 to 1849. The
design was made by architect Hans Ditlev
Franciscus von Linstow. The castle is situated
on the Bellevue height, surrounded by the
Royal Palace Park, in the end of the axis of Karl
Johan parade street. The palace is the main
residence for the Norwegian Royal Family.
1300’s
1807
1845
1826
1858
1849
1860
1883
1887
HAMMERSBORG &
TRINITY CHURCH 1858
Horizontal axis established
between the Parliament
and the Royal Palace
Hammersborg was in the 1800s an area for
the farmers of Christiania. Hay and grain
were stored in barns, and the families were
living in small two-floor wooden houses. The
Norwegian State decided to build a church
at the top of the hill and, in 1849, after 24
submitted works, Alexis de Chateauneuf’s
neo-gothic church was picked by the jury.
Chateauneuf’s Trinity Church was completed
in 1858.
STORTING BUILDING, 1886
Stortinget is the Parliament of Norway
Building, opened in 1866. is the supreme
legislature of Norway, established in 1814
by the Constitution of Norway. In 1855 there
was an architectural competition for the new
parliament building which was won by the
Swedish architect Victor Langlet. Langlets
design was original and innovative to the
general parliament architecture at the time
with its inviting form marking the open
democracy and the connection to the people.
GAMLEBLOKKA, 1874
19th CENTURY
In 1874, a committee decided to build a new
Government in Norway. Stener Lenschow’s
project “Kosmopolit” won, a H-formed complex
in neo-Renaissance style. Henrik Bull’s “Blaa
Stjerne” came second, and they were both
asked to develop their project further. In 1898
Lenschow was named the winner, but soon
became ill, so Bull was asked to take over
Lenschow’s project. However, because of the
1899 crash Bull had to cut down costs, interrupting the constrcution of the whole complex;
only the south wing was built.
ÅPENT KVARTAL
7
DEICHMAN LIBRARY, 1921
1906
1931
1933
1958
1939
1970
1962 1969
The competition for a library housing the
book collection of Carl Deichman was
announced in 1921, and the Norwegian
architect Nils Olaf Reiersen won with the
project “Ved monumentparken”. Completed
in 1933, Oslo had finally its own Parthenon,
a book temple with Greek columns in a
neo-classical suit. Oslo’s Acropolis was
completed.
1990
1978
2011
ARNE GARBORGS PLASS, 1936
Completion of the
Government quarters
Named after the Norwegian writer of the
national idiom, Arne Garborgs Plass was
created in 1936. Originally paved and
meant to be a pedestrian area the plass
was created in the area formed by the
separation of two roads in Oslo’s main Ring
Road. When the Oslo Main Fire and Rescue
Headquarters was built, the space became
only a discharge point for fire trucks. When
Erling Viksjø placed a lid over the plass he
intended to typographically connect the
buildings of the Government Quarter with
the Deichmanske Library and St. Stephen’s
HØYBLOKKA, 1957
Previously serving as the site forNorway’s
Rikshospitalet, Hammersborg was slated
to become the location of Norwegian
government in 1874. In 1939, Erling Viksjø
won the competition to design the new
Government Quarter with modern buildings
that would replace the 19th century
Rikshospitalet. During construction of the
Høyblokka in 1957 the buildings were kept
in place and the new high-rise was built
among the still functioning ministry buildings.
Between 1954 and 1962 all the buildings of
the Rikshospitalet were demolished to make
Y-BLOKKA, 1969
21st CENTURY
As a part of the project for a new
Gouvernment Quarter of Norway, plans for
the Y-block was already made in 1950’s by
Erling Viksjø. The building has it’s name from
it’s clear Y-shape, which it was given to create
a seperation between the Trinity Church and
the Deichman Library, two buildings of two
very distinct architectural styles. The building
has the same raster facade as the H-block,
and it was the architects intention that they
belong together. The Y-block also contains
integrated art of sandblasted concrete, made
by Pablo Picasso and Carl Nesjar.
ÅPENT KVARTAL
8
VIKSJØ SIN ARKITEKTUR
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
VIKSJØ’S ARCHITECTURE
an international patent. Viksjø’s ultimate goal for nat
in which the art was literally ingrained into the b
NATURBETONG
began to surround himself with the artist community of N
Viksjø dedicated a huge part of
his life to the experimenting with
the concrete and in collaboration
with Sverre Jystad and Carl Nesjar
they patented the sandblasted
injection concrete and named it
“Naturbetong” He creates a trinity
of engineering, architecture and
visual arts in the experimental
process of creating the
government quarter.
design and execute sandblasted naturbetong designs fo
collaborations that Viksjø would forge would be with the
fulfilling the designs for the naturbetong murals of the Hø
the 20th century master Pablo Picasso. Indeed the Høyb
naturbetong technique would be used, giving the rather
character. The Høyblokka was Viksjø’s first major projec
Acid washed surface
Born on July 4, 1 910 Erling Viksjø is undoubtedly Norway’s most
famous and influential post-war architect having designed some of
the most culturally important in the nation. Viksjø was among the first
students to receive a modernist education at the Norwegian Institute
of Technology, from where he graduated in 1935. The following
year in 1936 Viksjø was hired by Ove Bangs, a very forward thinking
architect much in touch with international trends and modern
political architecture, whom undoubtedly left a great mark on Viksjø
aesthetically and intellectually. It was while working for Bangs and
probably under his mentorship that Viksjø entered into and won the
competition for the design of the Government Quarter in 1939 but
with the Nazi invasion the following year all plans were put on hold.
Viksjø would take over Ove Bang’s practice after the latter’s death
in 1942 but because of the “radical” architectural philosophy and
aesthetics of the firm Viksjø would be arrested and interred in a Nazi
concentration camp until the end of the war. In 1946 Viksjø left his
partners at Ove Bang’s office and opened his own practice which is
still in existence today under the leadership of his son Per Viksjø.
ERLING VIKSJØ
Ch
Sandblasted surface
CARL NESJAR
Viksjø dedicated a huge part of
his life to the experimenting with
the concrete and in collaboration
with Sverre Jystad and Carl Nesjar
they patented the sandblasted
injection concrete and named it
“Naturbetong” He creates a trinity
of engineering, architecture and
visual arts in the experimental
process of creating the
government quarter.
BAKKEHAUGEN KIRKE, 1959
Viksjø’s Bakkehaugen Kirke
outside of Oslo was the
first building to receive the
Betongtavlen Award issued by
the National Associations of
Norwegian Architects. The
award celebrates environmental,
aesthetic, and technical
excellence in the use of concrete.
Høyblokka
Carl Nesjar sandblasting Picasso’s “The Beach” in the Høyblokka
ÅPENT
KVARTAL
Bakkehaugen
10 1959
Kirke
Marcel Breuer &
Bernard Zehrfuss,
UNESCO HQ, Paris.
1953-1958
Oscar Niemeyer,
Ministry of
Education & Health,
Rio de Janeiro.
1936 -1943
These projects served as inspiration to Viksjø and are remarkably similar to
the Government Quarter in Oslo. Much of Viksjø´s inspiration comes from
Le Corbusier’s principles of architecture. Both the ministry of education and
UNESCO headquarters were supervised by Le Corbusier during the design
and building prcess. Below is a comparison of the Ministry in Rio de Janeiro
and H-block.
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
11
MONUMENTALE FELT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
MONUMENTAL FIELD
A
AKERSGAT
A
AKERSGAT
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
S
KEYSER
GATE
HAMMERSBORG TORG
HS
NC
MU
HS
NC
MU
HAMMERSBORG TORG
GRUBBEGATA
GRUBBEGATA
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
GATE
S
KEYSER
TE
GA
TE
GA
HAMM
ERS
HAMM
ERS
BORGG
BORGG
ATA
GATA
TEATER
RG
APO
TEKE
RG
ATA
HøY
GR
UB
EN
SE
AT
A
M
øL
LE
RG
BEG
AT
A
ATA
AK
LA
SS
GR
EN
ESTE
RE
TTSP
M
øL
LE
RG
GR
UB
BEG
ATA
AK
LA
SS
GR
HøY
ER
SG
ATA
ESTE
RE
TTSP
ER
SG
ATA
ATA
Mø
LL
ER
GA
TA
Fire Station
Mø
LL
ER
GA
TA
APO
TEKE
SE
N
N
1969
1866
A
AKERSGAT
A
AKERSGAT
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
S
KEYSER
GATE
HAMMERSBORG TORG
CH
N
MU
CH
N
MU
HAMMERSBORG TORG
GRUBBEGATA
GRUBBEGATA
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
GATE
S
KEYSER
E
AT
SG
E
AT
SG
HAMM
ERS
HAMM
ERS
BORGG
BORGG
ATA
GATA
TEATER
ATA
ESTE
RE
TTSP
ER
LA
SS
EN
RG
LE
M
øL
UB
GR
GR
SE
AT
A
ATA
BEG
AT
A
RG
LE
M
øL
GR
UB
BEG
ATA
AK
ER
AK
EN
HøY
SG
ATA
ESTE
RE
TTSP
LA
SS
GR
Mø
LL
RG
HøY
SG
ATA
ATA
ER
APO
TEKE
Mø
LL
RG
GA
TA
GA
TA
Fire Station
ER
APO
TEKE
SE
N
N
1978
1906
A
AKERSGAT
A
AKERSGAT
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
GATE
S
KEYSER
GATE
HAMMERSBORG TORG
N
MU
E
AT
E
AT
SG
SG
CH
CH
N
MU
HAMMERSBORG TORG
GRUBBEGATA
GRUBBEGATA
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
S
KEYSER
HAMM
ERS
HAMM
ERS
BORGG
BORGG
ATA
GATA
TEATER
Mø
LL
ATA
SG
HøY
ESTE
RE
TTSP
LE
ATA
BEG
UB
GR
EN
N
M
øL
AK
M
øL
LE
RG
AT
A
ATA
EG
GR
SE
1939
RG
AT
A
LA
SS
ER
LA
SS
UB
B
EN
ATA
ESTE
RE
TTSP
GR
GR
RG
HøY
AK
ER
SG
ATA
ATA
GA
TA
APO
TEKE
Mø
LL
RG
ER
GA
TA
Fire Station
ER
APO
TEKE
ATA
GATA
TEATER
Fire Station
SE
N
1988
A
AKERSGAT
A
AKERSGAT
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
GATE
S
KEYSER
GATE
HAMMERSBORG TORG
SG
CH
N
MU
SG
CH
N
MU
HAMMERSBORG TORG
GRUBBEGATA
GRUBBEGATA
Deichmans Library
Trinity Church
S
KEYSER
E
AT
E
AT
HAMM
ERS
HAMM
ERS
BORGG
BORGG
ATA
GATA
TEATER
ETTS
EN
N
RG
AT
A
BEG
UB
GR
GR
SE
LE
ATA
ASS
M
øL
ER
RG
AT
A
LE
ATA
BEG
UB
GR
Hø
YE
STER
PL
AK
ASS
M
øL
ER
EN
ATA
ATA
ETTS
PL
AK
GR
Mø
LL
RG
Hø
YE
STER
SG
SG
ATA
ATA
GA
TA
APO
TEKE
Mø
LL
RG
ER
GA
TA
Fire Station
ER
APO
TEKE
ATA
GATA
TEATER
Fire Station
1958
ATA
GATA
TEATER
Fire Station
CONSTRUCTING OF MONUMENTAL FIELD
ATA
GATA
TEATER
Fire Station
SE
N
1996
ÅPENT KVARTAL
13
The Government area is open for
the public, but function wise, it is
still invert.
Youngstorget, is named the area
for the people. Surrounding it
are buildings housing different
political parties.
Left Party
(Venstre)
The departments are surrounding
a square of their own, with little
connection to Youngstorget.
Visual connection
with the H-block
Møllergata no. 19 is the only
building which has a physical
connection with the public as well
as the parties.
Labour Party
(Arbeiderpartiet)
The Workers Federation
FIELD FOR THE PEOPLE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
14
gjeldende forhold
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
CURRENT CONDITIONS
BARRIERS TO URBAN MOBILITY
ABSENCE OF ACTIVITY
1_3000
0
25m
50m
100m
250m
With the tunnel system all government buildings are connected in under
ground. The rest of the relations are happening above. There are a few
different situations, caused by several types of houses and streets at
different places. For example from Youngstorget you can see the top of the
H-Block. Between the H-Block and S-Block is an open space, but it is not
really connected. The square in front of the Y-Block is hardly recognizable
from somewhere else. To get from the H-Block to the R5-building
pedestrians have to walk a detour.
N
EN
One of the main problems of the Government Quarter is the lack of space.
High density and narrow streets prevent a flow of pedestrians through it.
Squares are split by streets or buildings. Government buildings are not
accessible for pedestrians. That is the reason why those usually have to
walk around the buildings and visual contact is not guaranteed. Moreover
the traffic system also does not support the flow.
CHALLENGES OF ACCESS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
16
MINNESMERKE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
MEMORIAL
INFORMAL ALTERS
An informal memorial site has
been created at a bus stop at
Hole Council. People have left
flowers, small tokens, and messages to remember those victims
of the attack. These are preserved
and collected by the National
Archive.
UTOYA MEMORIAL
A permanent memorial will be
facing Utoya at Hole Council.
It must take into consideration
the surrounding nature and
inhabitants. The Swedish artist
Jonas Dahlberg recently won an
open competition. His proposal
envisaged a three-and-a-halfmeter wide “wound” within the
landscape. It reproduces the
physical experience of taking
away, reflecting the abrupt and
permanent loss of those who
died.
HØYBLOKKA MEMORIAL
With its cracked glass and
newspaper from July 22 2011
this object bore witness to the
bombing of the Government
Quarter. The display case will be
used as the foundation for the
temporary art project Relocating
the Past: Ruins for the Future,
which will be displayed at the bus
shelter across the street from the
original location of the display
case.
RELOCATING THE PAST
ÅPENT KVARTAL
18
MEMORIAL AT THE
GOVERNMENT QUARTER
Proposed Site for
the Memorial
II.
Relocating the
past memorial
Government
Quarters
These memorials will be seen
as a symbol of Norway’s grief
and should be related to
one another. The memorial
will feature a permanent and
temporary structure currently
proposed between the Deichman
Library and Y-Block bordering
Grubegatta. The temporary
memorial will face planning
difficulties as the area will be a
building site for a considerable
period of time . This should be
considered when designing
the experiential quality of the
memorial.
Oslo Cathedral Area
for the Rose March
I.
MEMORIAL FOR THE
ATTACKS AT UTOYA
Karl Johansgate
Route of historic
significance
Current proposed site for the
Temporary Memorial
Current proposed site for the
permanent Memorial for Utoya
Hole Council
In addition to the proposed memorial at Hole Council, another
memorial is intended to be built
on the island of Utoya specifically
for family and friends. The design of the memorial must reflect
a sense of national identity, but
address the act of remembrance
that can distill collective memory
and impression in the future.
Utoya
Oslo
The research looks specifically at Norwegian memorial culture
before and after the 22nd July attack. It then goes on to the wider
scope of memorial versus monument in order to explore their
differing design criteria in relation to the H-Block.
A REPRESENTATIVE DISTRICT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
19
FREMTID OG DEBATT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
FUTURE AND DEBATE
DEMOLITION
PRESERVATION
KVU-en
The concept study concludes that
the difference in costs between the
rehabilitation of the H-block and
equivalent new construcion accounts
for about 400 million nok, and for the
Y-block approximately 250 million.
Adding to this, the Y-block is less
space efficient than the H-block.
Former Prime Minister Willoch
The former Prime Minister’s
statements are mostly concerning
safety basis of the H-block
rehabilitation. According to him,
Grubbegata should have been closed
earlier.
Former Minister Storberget
Storberget speaks out mostly about
over security matters, being skeptical
to move back to the H-block.
Minister Aasrud
Aasrud has made statements about
the extensive damage that the
Government Quarter received and
about the possibility of its relocation
and redesign.
Paul E. Lødøen
Development Company, Oslo
Even though he has made statements
both for and against demolition,
Lødøen believes that it can be twice
as expensive to refurbish the three
buildings H-block, R4 and S-block
rather than building again.
“[H-Block and Y=block] are
quite unlike anything that
had been built in Norway. (...)
The Two buildings contrast
with each other and work
together to create rich and
beautiful urban spaces.”
“[H-Block] represetnts
something of Norway and
the ciapital’s identity; the
irrepressible and relentless
in our democracy that bombs
cannot destroy.”
“ [G-block, H-block, and
Y-block] Through the work
and overall compostition of
buildings, plants and artwork
above and below ground,
encircling urban and dense
joints with the street around,
forming a whole that makes
the area unique. It’s the
G-block, H-block and Y-block
together that provides the
historical time depth.”
“[...] In Nine Points on
Monumentality, Sigfried
Giedion argued for a
collaboration between the
arts, to create monuments
that could satisfy people’s
basic need for symbols.”
“Erling Viksjo’s government
buildings in Norway’s capital
is the foremost symbol of
postwar common international faith in democracy,
dialogue and openness.”
ARGUMENTS OF PRESERVATION
ÅPENT KVARTAL
21
CONCEPT 1 - REUSE
CONCEPT 2 - WEST
“Open field”
Estimation of total gross m2 in
“Enclosed volumes”
Estimation of total gross m2
CONCEPT 3 - MIDDLE
CONCEPT 4 - COMPACT
CONCEPT 5 - EAST
“Enclosed volumes”
Estimation of total gross m2 in
“Fortress”
Estimation of total gross m2
“Enclosed wall”
2064: 236 812
in 2064: 214 657
2064: 210 835
in 2064: 202 017
This concept (as the old district)
can be said to have the qualities
of an urban “open field” in the
city since a lot of the existing
buildings are reused.
In this concept the district is
more closed of from the city
because. Even though some of
the existing buildings are reused
the program is placed in fewer,
bigger volumes that in the old
district.
The placement of the program
in concept 3 (like concept 2) is
closed off from the city because
it is placed in few, big volumes.
Concept 4 is the most extreme
suggestion for the new
Government District and one
can argue that it is more a
fortress than a part of the city
fabric.
This is suggestion is the chosen concept for the new
Government District and what that the Government has decided
to develop further. Because of the concentrated placement of
the program on the right side of the square a “wall” is created
between Youngstorget and the square on the other side of the
Government District.
TOTAL GROSS AREA
TOTAL GROSS AREA
TOTAL GROSS AREA
TOTAL GROSS AREA
TOTAL GROSS AREA
210,835 m2
210,657 m2
236,812 m2
202,017 m2
206,183 m2
Estimation of total gross m2 in 2064: 206 183
GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
22
Høyblokka
4.684 hits
“Høyblokka demolition”
303 hits
Future Debate
Value
Fate
Høyblokka demolition v. preservation
Closing Grubbegata
Art
Costs of Cleanup
Costs of rehabilition v. new construction
Proposed conservation
and listed property
Byantikvarens Gule liste
Preservation class 1
Preservation class 2
Regjeringskvartalet
30,552 hits
Attack
Damage and
injury
Reaction
Demolition
Preservation
Security
New construction can ensure security
in a completely different way than
rehabilitation.
Security
The H-block has high cultural value
that can be only be addressed by
rehabilitation.
Cost
It is twice as expensive to rehabilitate
that to rebuild.
Damage
The damage is too extensive for
rehabilitation of all the damaged
buildings.
New Requirements
Energy and environmental
requirements can hardly be
addressed by rehabilitation.
Architecture
H-Block is a “monster monument.”
Symbolism
It is necessary to have a more modern
design that symbolizes transparency
over democracy.
Cost
Rehabilitation is the most affordable
solution.
Art
The mural of Nesjar and Picasso can
only exist within the building.
Government decisions
Buildings being demolished
Buildings preserved
GSEducationalVersion
Architecture
H-Block is the highest representative
of modernists architecture in Norway
and a monument to social democracy.
Symbolism
The H-block is an important
monument of the terror that struck
Norway. Its rehabilitation would be a
symbol of survivial of the attack.
MEDIA COVERAGE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
23
DESIGNFORSLAG
DESIGN PROPOSAL
ÅPENT KVARTAL
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
OPEN QUARTER
REPRESENTASJON
REPRESENTATION
Regjeringskvartalet er et område med lang politisk historie og er symbolsk svært viktig for Oslo. I
verdenssammenheng fremstår det som unikt på grunn av sammenstillingen av flere bygninger med
politisk makt, fra pressen til fagforeningene og til kirken. Som sådan er dette monumentale feltet et
mikrokosmos av det norske demokratiet. Det er åpent og tilgjengelig, strategisk plassert i sentrum
av Oslo og med potensiale til å bli et symbol på mangfold.
The government district of Oslo – Regjeringskvartalet – is a remarkable space of political symbolism.
If compared to equivalent sites across the world, it stands out as exceptional. The collection of
governance buildings define an open field of monuments, with institutions that represent every major
aspect of Norwegian society, from the press to the unions and to the church. As such, this monumental
field is a microcosm of Norwegian democracy. It is open and accessible, strategically located in the
centre of Oslo and with the potential to become a symbol of diversity.
INNVIRKNING PÅ BYEN
BENEFITS FOR THE CITY
Utfordringen ved å bygge nye kontorer for departementene er å imøtekomme en høy grad av
sikkerhet, men samtidig ivareta en åpenhet i byen. Vi mener at kilden til utfordringen ligger på
bakkeplan, derfor er vår strategi å se på denne som et handlingsrom for en framtidig løsning.
Vi ønsker å aktivere byrommene mellom de politiske bygningene og videreføre den historiske
strukturen. I møtet mellom den sterkt trafikkerte ringveien og de myke trafikantene oppstår det
kompliserte kryssforbindelser. Mangel på gode forbindelser isolerer området fra konteksten. Som et
resultat fremstår de historiske bygningene som fragmenter, uten relasjon til hverandre eller til byen.
Området gjenstår tomt, ugjennomtrengelig og utrygt – selve motsatsen til demokratiet.
The challenge of building new offices for the government ministries is to accommodate a large amount
of secure area within the site, while also maintaining the historical value of the existing structures
and activating the spaces in between them. Therefore, our strategy identifies the ground as both the
source of current problems on the site and the place of possibility for the future. The collision of the
scale of the Ring 1 highway with the rhythm of pedestrians in the city complicates the crossing of the
area, isolating it from its context. As a result, the historic buildings appear as fragments, disarticulated
from each other and from the city. The site remains vacant, impenetrable and unsafe – the opposite of
democracy.
OPPLEVELSE
EXPERIENCE
Ved å formgi bakkeplanet etter sammenkoblingene i byen og tilgjengeliggjøre det for myke
trafikanter, forsøker dette forslaget å forsterke opplevelsen av det offentlige – både for
regjeringsansatte, besøkende og lokale innbyggere. Det tilbyr grønne områder samt kommersielle
og kulturelle program. Gjenoppbyggingen av bakkeplanet gir de eksisterende bygningene en
forsterket rolle ved å konstruere et sammenhengende tykt lag som inneholder regjeringsprogram
under bygulvet. Dette laget muliggjør en fri parallell kommunikasjon både mellom
regjeringsbyggene og på bakkenivå. Ved å benytte seg av arealet under bakken og dermed spre
arealbehovet for 2025-fasen utover anlegget, kan høyden på de nye tårnene reduseres slik at de
er sammenlignbare med Høyblokka. Snarere enn å være forstyrrende, skaper den resulterende
høyden en hensynsfull fortsettelse av horisonten i Oslo.
Det nye bakkeplanet er et rutenett av stier og grøntområder. Organiseringen framgår av geometrien
til de eksisterende bygningene, og skaper egenartede romlige forhold. Et nytt offentlig nivå
kobles på tvers av området og gir en direkte passasje fra øst til vest, og skaper samtidig trygghet
ved å etablere synlighet og klar orientering. For å imøtekomme påkrevd program, etableres en
sammenstilling av tårn som en løpende sekvens av bygninger. De flettes inn, ikke bare med byen,
men også med eksisterende bygninger ved å fortsette den etablerte geometrien i området. Som en
videreføring av Høyblokkas formspråk, har de vekselvis åpne bakkeplan- og toppetasjer for å skape
synlighet både fra bakkeplan og fra byen i større kontekst.
By articulating the ground to the city and opening it to the pedestrians, this proposal enhances the
experience of the public – government workers, visitors and local residents. It provides green areas
as well as commercial and cultural programme. In the manner of a campus, the reworked ground gives
a greater role to the existing buildings, thickened below to provide areas for government use. By
creating underground space and spreading the area across the site for the 2025 phase, the scheme
reduces the height of the towers so they are comparable to Hoyblokka. Rather than being disruptive,
the resulting height creates a considerate continuation with the skyline of Oslo.
The new ground plane is a grid of paths and greenery. Their organisation emerges from the geometry
of the existing buildings that create unique spatial conditions. A new public level connects across the
sire, allowing easy movement from east to west – a previously impossible option – and procuring
safety by establishing visibility and clear wayfinding. To accommodate the required programme, a
composition of towers creates a sequence of buildings that merge not only the site with the city but
also the existing buildings with the new ones. Learning from the shape of the Hoyblokka, they have
alternately open ground floors or upper floors to allow visibility, at pedestrian and urban levels.
OPEN QUARTER
ÅPENT KVARTAL
26
OPEN QUARTER
ÅPENT KVARTAL
27
SENKET TETTHET
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
LOWERING DENSITY
The proposal opens the ground to maximise urban connectivity. It
defines east-west axes that give a new character to the site, extending
Hammersborggata, Hospitalsgata, and Eva Kolstads gate for pedestrian
use. In the north-south direction, Grubbegata is extended to create a soft
limit that defines to the west the area of the new offices for government
use, and to the east cultural programme and amenities. Throughout
the site, the new continuous ground level accommodates commercial
facilities that act as destinations.
DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAM
ÅPENT KVARTAL
29
STRATEGIES FOR LOWERING DENSITY
RING 1
115.000 SQM
2024
62.500 SQM
2064
62.500 SQM
2064
LOWERING
RING 1
115.000 SQM
2024
RING 1
115.000 SQM
2024
RING 1
BUILT OVER WHOLE SITE IN 2024, RENOVATED WITH SMART WORKING PRINCIPLES FOR 2064
115.000 SQM
2024
ACTIVATING
BUILT OVER WHOLE SITE IN 2024, RENOVATED WITH SMART WORKING PRINCIPLES FOR 2064
DISTRIBUTION OF DENSITY
ÅPENT KVARTAL
30
CONSTRUCTION FOR 2024
TOTAL AREALFORDELING
Regjeringskvartalet i 2024
GJENBRUK AV BYGNINGER
etasjer
høyde
Høyblokka
19 (17)
56
15.375
G-Blokka
7 (5)
22
12.550
Møllergata 19
4 (3)
20
over bakken
27.925
NY BEBYGGELSE, SYD
6-8
24
8.764
5-9 (5-7)
24
6.740
Hovedbrannstasjonen
Y-Blokka
KVM
Tårn - syd
14 (12)
48
12.278
Tårn - M19
20 (18)
72
14.240
1
4
15.532
Underetasje
57.554
NY BEBYGGELSE, NORD
Tårn - ring
12 (9)
36
9.552
Tårn - kirke
18 (15)
60
14.328
8 (5)
20
3.304
1
4
2.542
Adkomstbygning
Underetasje
29.726
115.205
AVSTANDSSONER FRA MULIG KJØRBAR VEI
Arealfordeling over og under bakken
GRUPPE B: RKV 2024 - 2064 KONSENTRERT
2024
2024
2064
sør
total
194
1.943
2.137
10 - 20m fra kjørbar vei
1.025
5.183
20 - 30m fra kjørbar vei
1.073
6.069
7.142
7.142
30 - 40m fra kjørbar vei
5.227
12.090
17.317
17.317
22.207
60.194
82.401
82.401
29.726
85.479 115.205
115.205
nord
0 - 10m fra kjørbar vei
40m og mer fra kjørbar vei
6.208
2.137
6.208
PROGRAM DISPERSED
ÅPENT KVARTAL
31
PRINCIPLES OF SMART WORKING
CONSTRUCTION FOR 2024
FACTS AND FIGURES OF SMART WORKING
CONSTRUCTION FOR 2024
SMART WORKING
SMART WORKING
PRINCIPLES
FIGURES AND FACTS
SMART WORKING
MART WORKING
INCIPLES
FIGURES AND FACTS
+ 25-35%
SPACE GAINED FROM
SMART WORKING
100%
100%
PLOYEE ZONES
EMPLOYEE ZONES
REGJERINGSKVARTALET
REGJERINGSKVARTALET
- Employee ID
- Daily choice of desk
- Private Locker
- Home Base
- Employee
ID
- Daily choice of desk
- Quiet Zone
- Private Locker
- Business Garden
- Business Garden
- Communal Tables
working
employee
- Meeting Room
- Library
- Stand-Up Meeting
- Mobile Shelving
- Business Lounge
- Touch Down
- Phone Box
conference
- Home Base
- Quiet Zone
working
loyee
erence
*
- Meeting Room
- Library
- Follow-Me printer
- Stand-Up Meeting
- Mobile Shelving
storage
- Business Lounge
- Touch Down
- Communal Tables
- Follow-Me printer
storage
- Phone Box
177.500 sqm
100%
133.125 sqm
75%
115.375 sqm
65%
TOTAL REQUIRED
AREA 2025-2065
177.500
-25%
-35%
sqm
100
133.125 sqm
75
REDUCTION FROM
SMARTWORKING
REDUCTION FROM
SMARTWORKING
115.375 sqm
*HENN Project for HVB Offices in Munich, DELOITTE Building in Amsterdam, Credit Suisse Offices in Zurich
65
*HENN Project for HVB Offices in Munich, DE
TRANSITION TO SMART WORKING
ÅPENT KVARTAL
32
DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
33
RESTRUCTURED TYPE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
34
URBANE FORBINDELSER
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
URBAN CONNECTIONS
The proposal opens the ground to maximise urban connectivity.
It defines east-west axes that give a new character to the site,
extending Hammersborggata, Hospitalsgata, and Eva Kolstads gate for
pedestrian use. In the north-south direction, Grubbegata is extended
to create a soft limit that defines to the west the area of the new offices
for government use, and to the east cultural programme and amenities.
Throughout the site, the new continuous ground level accommodates
commercial facilities that act as destinations.
URBAN CONNECTIONS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
36
URBAN POTENTIAL
0
25m
50m
100m
N
PUBLIC PROGRAM
KULTURHUS
Butikker
Restauranter
Gallerier
Minnesmerke
+ Kulturell
programmering
OFFENTLIG FORSIDE
Rekreasjons område
POLITISKE EVENTER
Café
Debatt
Besøkssenter
Hovedinngang
DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
37
Butik
Restauran
Galle
+14
+14
+16.5
+14
+22
Grubbegata opprettholdes som forbindelse i retning nord-sør. Kobles på
eksisterende grøntdrag.
Forbindelsen i dagens situasjon er brutt med en overdekt trapp mellom
Grubbegata og Hammersborggata. Ved å stenge påkjøringsrampene til
Ring 1 og senke veien til samme nivå som ringveien møter hver side av
rampene, etableres et nytt gateløp på bakkeplan.
+16.5
I eksisterende situasjon løper fotgjengerfeltet mellom øst og vest langs
en svært trafikkert vei under lokk. Passasjen oppleves mørk, støyende
og utrygg. Ved å fjerne lokket og senke Ring 1, gis det nytt liv til Arne
Garborgs plass.
+15.5
+10
+15
+12
+18
+15.5
+23
Arne Garborgs plass redefineres som et bilfritt byrom på samme
høydekurve som plassen foran høyblokka. I platået mellom Deichmanske
og Arne Garborgs plass etableres offentlig program for å gi aktivitet på
plassen.
+15
+16
+15
+17
+17
I dagens situasjon er Y-blokka bygget inn i terrenget, og skaper derfor
en romlig barriere. Ved å fjerne lokket over Arne Garborgs plass og
skape fri passasje under den nordlige armen, brytes denne barrieren.
Slik skapes også flere passasjer mellom øst og vest, som gir aktivitet og
bevegelse over plassen.
+12
+12
Passasjen gjennom Høyblokka gjenopprettes som forbindelse i retning
øst-vest.
+18
Påkjøringsrampene til ringveien fjernes.
+19.5
Ring 1 kurver i dag opp og møter påkjøringsrampene ved Arne Garborgs
plass. Ved å fjerne påkjøringsrampene og senke ringveien til tilstøtende
nivå, blir Arne Garborgs plass bilfritt.
+12
+18
+17
NEW CONNECTIONS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
38
OLD AND NEW CONNECTIONS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
39
CONNECTED GROUND
ÅPENT KVARTAL
40
CONNECTED GROUND
ÅPENT KVARTAL
41
FELLES GRUNN
COMMON GROUND
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
ÅPENT KVARTAL
42
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
The ground provides public gardens, pathways and hardscape
areas. Resolving current problems of disconnection, the ground
creates a sequence of spaces surrounded by programme that takes
into account seasons, time of the day, and connections to public
transport. According to the sun exposure, each garden is planted with
different species of flora. Some of these areas can be experienced
directly as open courtyards and others serve as visual attractions.
Their accessibility responds to the surrounding programme, creating
buffering zones that protects old and new buildings from potential
violence.
COMMON GROUND
0
25m
50m
100m
ÅPENT KVARTAL
43
N
BELOW GROUND PLAN
COMMON GROUND
05
25m
0m
ÅPENT KVARTAL
100m
N
44
20
25
Construction Completed
Construction
Completed
in 2025
in 2025
20
25
Public Entrance Public Entrance
20
25
20
25
Ministry Buildings
Ministry Buildings
Governmental Garden
Governmental Garden
Public Space/Garden
Public Space/Garden
Logistic Centre Logistic Centre
Logistic Centre Logistic Centre
Governmental Garden
Governmental Garden
Prime Minister‘s Prime
Office Minister‘s Office
Public Entrance Public Entrance
Public Garden Public Garden
20
25
25
20
20
25
Public Entrance Public Entrance
P
P
Governmental Parking
Governmental Parking
below Youngstorget
below Youngstorget
20
25
0
25m
0 50m
25m
50m
100m
100m
N
SITE ORGANIZATION
ÅPENT KVARTAL
45
20
25
Construction Completed
in 2025
Public Entrance Public Entrance
20
25
Ministry Buildings
VIP Lane
Parking
Governmental Garden
Public Space/Garden
Logistic Centre
Logistic Centre
Logistic Centre
Logistic Centre
Governmental Garden
Public Entrance
VIP Lane
Parking
Prime Minister‘s Office
Public Entrance
20
25
Public Garden
Public EntrancePublic Entrance
VIP Lane
Parking
Governmental Parking
Parking
below Youngstorget
Underground
P
P
T
20
25
0
0
25m
50m
25m
50m
100m
100m
N
SITE CIRCULATION
ÅPENT KVARTAL
46
Evacuation
20
25
10m
20m
30m
40m
Construction Completed
in 2025 Security Zones
Public Entrance
20
25
Ministry Buildings
Protected
Pedestrian Area
Protected
Pedestrian Area
Gardens as buffers
Governmental Garden
Cultural program
Ring 1 tunnel
40m
30m
20m
10m
Public Space/Garden
Bollards
Evacuation
Centre
Ring 1 Tunnel
Logistic Centre
Logistic Centre
m
Prime Minister‘s Office
10
20
Governmental Garden
m
m
30
40
m
Security Zones
Evacuation
Garden as buffers
Public Entrance
Gardens as buffers
Public Entrance
25
Public Garden
20
P
Governmental Parking
below Youngstorget
Evacuation
Security Zones
20
25
10
m
20
m
30
m
Protected
Pedestrian Area
0
25m
0
50m
25m
50m
100m
N
SITE SECURITY
ÅPENT KVARTAL
47
100m
N
SUN STUDY
SUN STUDY
SUN STUDY
SUN STUDY
1 MAY, 9:00
1 MAY, 12:00
1 MAY, 15:00
1 MAY, 18:00
STUDIES OF LIGHT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
48
VEGETATION ZONES
Norwegian landscapes and flora
SUN
arctic
BJØRK
nightshades
glacial
fjord
boreal
30m
moor
RØSSLYNG
forest
fjell
0,2 - 0,6m
MYRULL
coast
city
0,2 - 0,9m
height
160y
perennials
perennials
*fast growing
*allergenic
*long
blossoming
*rhizome
life expectancy
blooming
*
additional info
GROUND
NORSK FURU
non-permeable
GRÅ REINLAV
0,1m
BALLBLOM
0,6m
soft
permeable
solid
ROOT
GROUND
12m
ROGN
600y
perennials
perennials
*fast growing
*nice smelling
*slow growing
*aquavit
*rhizome
*blooms often
15m
EINERSLEKTEN
0,7m
GEITRAMS
0,5 - 1,2m
nutrient-poor
shallow root
80y
perennials
perennials
*robust
*fast growing
*evergreen
* prickly
*rhizome
*quickly occupying
deep root
nutrient-rich
BARLIND
FJELL SECTION
high alpine
Fjell
medium alpine
low alpine
birch forest
coniferous forest
south
frost debris desert
grassmat
snow sink
1100-1300
meadow
dwarf shrub heath
600-950 willow bushes
dwarf birch forest
500-900
coniferous forest
moor
cultural landscape
north
20m
1200-1600
BLÅBÆR
0,2 - 0,6m
700y
30y
*decorative
*hedge
*long-lasting
*summer green
SKRUBBÆR
0,1 - 0,3m
perennials
SUN
*rhizome
*bloom & berry
STUDIES OF VEGETATION
ÅPENT KVARTAL
49
NORSK FURU
BJØRK
ROGN
MYRULL
BLÅBÆR
RØSSLYNG
BARLIND
BALLBLOM
EINERSLEKTEN
SKRUBBÆR
P
GEITRAMS
GRÅ REINLAV
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GARDENS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
50
ENHANCING GOVERNMENT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
51
NY HISTORIE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
AHO + GSAPP Team
NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015
ACTIVATING HISTORY
The reuse of the structures of the past has a twofold goal. On one hand,
it releases historical layers into the present, reminding the visitors of the
growth of Norway through representative pieces of architecture. History
activates the site. On the other, it constitutes a strategy that optimises
resources and reduces time of construction. The reuse of buildings
creates less waste and minimises carbon emissions. Above all, it
preserves a non-renewable piece of cultural heritage. The opening of the
ground activates history.
INTEGRATING OLD AND NEW
ÅPENT KVARTAL
53
Trinity Church
Alexis de Chateauneuf
1858
Deichmanske Bibliotek
Nils Olaf Redersen
1933
Y-Blokka
Erling Viksjø
1969
Hovedbrannstasjonen
Eystein Michalsen
1939
Høyblokka
Erling Viksjø
1958
Møllergata 19
Jacob Wilhelm Nordan
1866
Gamleblokka
Henrik Bull & Stener Lenschow
1906
SITE AS FIELD OF MONUMENTS
ÅPENT KVARTAL
54
ACTIVATING NEW AND OLD ARCHITECTURE
THROUGH REUSE OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS
1
Deichmanske Bibliotek
Nils Olaf Redersen
1933
2
Y-Blokka
Erling Viksjø
1969
3
Hovedbrannstasjonen
Eystein Michalsen
1939
LOGISTICS AND
DELIVERY
4
Møllergata 19
Jacob Wilhelm Nordan
1866
MAIN PUBLIC
ENTRANCE
5
Høyblokka
Erling Viksjø
1958
MINISTRY OFFICES
1 1
2 2
3
4
6
KULTUR HUSET
CULTURAL MINISTRY,
MEMORIAL
5
6
Gamelblokka
Henrik Bull & Stener
Lenschow
1906
MINISTRY OFFICES
ACTIVATING MONUMENT
ÅPENT KVARTAL
55
REUSE
REUSE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS IS
MORE
SUSTAINABILE
THAN
NEW
Reasons
for keeping
the
existing
CONSTRUCTION
CULTURAL HERITAGE
Non-renewable
CULTURAL
HERITAGE
Non-renewable
MINIMIZATION OF CARBON EMISSIONS
MINIMIZATION
Environmentally
OF CARBON
EMISSIONS
friendly
Environmentally
friendly
PREVENTING WASTE
WASTE
PREVENTION
Valuing existing ressources
Valuing existing
resources
SUSTAINABLE REUSE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
56
NEW TOWERS LEARN FROM
HOYBLOKKA
Just as the hoyblokka has an open bottom and open top, so the new
towers have either transparent ground floors or transparent upper
floors.
The open ground floors are located in buildings that have more public
accessibility, while the open upper floors enable views in higher
security buildings
HISTORICAL REUSE
ÅPENT KVARTAL
57
URBAN REGENERATION
ÅPENT KVARTAL
58
Anerkjennelser
Our team would like extend thanks to Rector Ole
Gustavsen and the Designhøgskolen I Oslo for their
continuous support and involvement in this project.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would also like to thank Amale Andraos, dean of
Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture,
Planning, and Preservation, for enabling the
participation of the GSAPP students.
A special thanks to the Institute of Urbanism and
Landscape of AHO for their consultation.
This work built upon the research of Oslo-Restore
Studio at AHO, co-taught by Bryony Roberts, Andrea
Pinochet and Laura Sæther.
This work built upon contributions by the Oslo-Restore
Studio at Columbia University GSAPP,co-taught by
Craig Konyk and Jorge Otero-Pailos.
STUDENTS:
STUDENTS:
Kelsy Alexander
Paul Bailey
Ines Bendelac
Trine Bølviken
Tommy Degerth
Bruguers Gallego-Guiu
Brit Kristin Heltne
Signe Ludvigsen
Eva Bakke Negård
Ida Nordstrøm
Ivana Mijic
Marcos Moreira
Halvor Andre Saga
Miguel Saludas
Cecilie Schjetlein Sundt
Rebecca Schulz
Juris Strangots
Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen I OSLO (AHO) TEAM
TEAM LEADER: Bryony Roberts
CRITICS: Erik Langdalen and Jorge Otero-Pailos
PHD ADVISERS: Christian Parreno, Guttorm Ruud
STUDENTS: Nina Gjersoe, Hauk Lien, Eva Bakke Negård,
Ida Nordstrøm, Liv Mari Oppebøen, Rebecca Schulz
RECENT GRADUATES: Helle Bendixen, Liv Hanstad
With Craig Konyk and students from Columbia University, GSAPP, New York:
STUDENTS: Pari Agarwal, Stephanie Jones, Wesley LeForce,
Michael Middleton, Andre Stiles.
Pari Agarwal
Diana Arujo
Angel Garcia Castillo
Xiaxiao Chen
Stephanie Jones
Olimpia Lira
Carolina Llano
Wesley LeForce Michael A.
Middleton
Anna Oursler
Kate Reggev
Andre Stiles