OPEN QUARTER ÅPENT KVARTAL
ÅPENT KVARTAL Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen I OSLO (AHO) TEAM TEAM LEADER: Bryony Roberts CRITICS: Erik Langdalen and Jorge Otero-Pailos PHD ADVISERS: Christian Parreno, Guttorm Ruud STUDENTS: Nina Gjersoe, Hauk Lien, Eva Bakke Negård, Ida Nordstrøm, Liv Mari Oppebøen, Rebecca Schulz RECENT GRADUATES: Helle Bendixen, Liv Hanstad With Craig Konyk and students from Columbia University, GSAPP, New York: STUDENTS: Pari Agarwal, Stephanie Jones, Wesley LeForce, Michael Middleton, Andre Stiles. OPEN QUARTER INNHOLDSFORTEGNELSE DESIGN PROPOSAL BACKGROUND History p. 4 - 8 p. 9 - 11 Viksjø sin arkitektur Monumental Field p. 12 - 14 p. 15 - 16 Fremtid og debatt p. 28 - 34 Urban Connections p. 35 - 41 Common Ground p. 42 - 51 Felles grunn p. 17 - 19 Minnesmerke Future and Debate Lowered Density Urbane forbindelser Gjeldende forhold Memorial p. 25 - 27 Senket tetthet Monumentale felt Current Condition Open Quarter Åpent kvartal Historie Viksjø’s Architecture CONTENT New History Ny h istorie p. 20 - 23 p. 52 - 58 BAKGRUNN BACKGROUND HISTORIE ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 HISTORY Norway’s first official architecture competition for The Trinity Church at Hammersborg announced. The Empire Quarter lanned by Grosch; The first buildings in National Hospital Quarter built. 1300’s 1807 Competition of the expansion 1826 1858 1849 1860 The Empire Quarter National Hospital completed. The Military Hospital completed, the first building in what became the State University Hospital complex. The Trinity Church completed. The Deichmanske Library completed 1883 1887 The State University Hospital moved to Pilestredet, and the Government moved in and used some of the buildings in the Empire Quarter. Y-blokka completed. Bomb attack in the Government Quarter. The first headquarter for the newspaper Aftenposten built in the street Akersgata. 1845 Vertical axis between Akershus Fortress and Old Aker Church Competition for the Government Quarter launched. 1906 The last buildings in the Empire Quarter was demolished. 1931 1933 Arne Garborgs Plass The south wing of Gamleblokka built, the first building in the Government Quarter, designed by Stener Lenschow and completed by Henrik Bull. 1958 1939 S-blokka completed 1970 1962 1969 1990 1978 Erling Viksjø’s competition entry “Vestibyle” / Høyblokka completed 2011 Høyblokka is extended with two floors, placing the Priministers office at the top. Lid over Arne Garborgs Plass HISTORICAL TIMELINE ÅPENT KVARTAL 5 OLD AKER CHURCH, 1080 1300’s 1807 1845 1826 1858 1849 1860 1883 1887 Old Aker Church is the oldest standing building in Oslo. The construction of the present church dates back to early 12th century, and was allegedly built by King Olav Sverre. The grounds on which it stands on were originally likely the place of the regional thing. 1861 the church was renovated by the architects H.E. Schirmer an W. von Hanno who also added a new central tower, replacing the old one. It was constructed on the old farm of Aker that stretched all the way down to the fiord, also giving the name to the fortress situated there. AKERHAUS FORTRESS, 1290 Vertical axis between Akershus Fortress and Old Aker Church Originally it was constructed as a medieval castle and strategically situated on top of the headland of Aker, Akershus Fortress is the most significant fortress in Norway. Construction was first started in 1299 by king Håkon V Magnusson. In the 17th century it was rebuilt into a rennaisance castle surrounded by a bastion fortress. It was used for military purposes up until the 20th century. Parts of the facility was also used as a prison. Today it houses the Ministry of Defence, and after the 2011 terrorist attacks, the Prime Ministers Office. OSLO CATHEDRAL, 1697 Oslo Cathedral, former Our Saviour’s Church, is the main church for the Church of Norway Diocese of Oslo, as well as the parish church for downtown Oslo. The cathedral was built 1694-1697 under king Christian IV. The Cathedral was rebuilt between 1848-1850 after a plan by the German architect, Alexis de Chateauneuf which was completed by H.E. Schirmer an W. von Hanno, the same architect who did the reconstruction of Old Aker Church. The Norwegian Royal Family and the Norwegian Government use the Cathedral for public events. NATIONAL HOSPITAL, 1826 PRE-19th CENTURY With epidemics and wars around Europe during the 1800s, the need for hospitals became urgent. In 1807, the architects Jens Bang and Johan Raphael Pousette built a military hospital at the site. The first building in the new Hospital Quarter was completed in 1826 by Christian Heinrich Grosch. Because of limited resources, the next buildings in the quarter were not completed before 1845. By that time, both population grew and new technologies were developed, making the new buildings in the Hospital Quarter rapidly outdated. ÅPENT KVARTAL 6 ROYAL PALACE, 1849 The Royal Palace of Oslo was built for the king Karl III Johan in the years 1824 to 1849. The design was made by architect Hans Ditlev Franciscus von Linstow. The castle is situated on the Bellevue height, surrounded by the Royal Palace Park, in the end of the axis of Karl Johan parade street. The palace is the main residence for the Norwegian Royal Family. 1300’s 1807 1845 1826 1858 1849 1860 1883 1887 HAMMERSBORG & TRINITY CHURCH 1858 Horizontal axis established between the Parliament and the Royal Palace Hammersborg was in the 1800s an area for the farmers of Christiania. Hay and grain were stored in barns, and the families were living in small two-floor wooden houses. The Norwegian State decided to build a church at the top of the hill and, in 1849, after 24 submitted works, Alexis de Chateauneuf’s neo-gothic church was picked by the jury. Chateauneuf’s Trinity Church was completed in 1858. STORTING BUILDING, 1886 Stortinget is the Parliament of Norway Building, opened in 1866. is the supreme legislature of Norway, established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway. In 1855 there was an architectural competition for the new parliament building which was won by the Swedish architect Victor Langlet. Langlets design was original and innovative to the general parliament architecture at the time with its inviting form marking the open democracy and the connection to the people. GAMLEBLOKKA, 1874 19th CENTURY In 1874, a committee decided to build a new Government in Norway. Stener Lenschow’s project “Kosmopolit” won, a H-formed complex in neo-Renaissance style. Henrik Bull’s “Blaa Stjerne” came second, and they were both asked to develop their project further. In 1898 Lenschow was named the winner, but soon became ill, so Bull was asked to take over Lenschow’s project. However, because of the 1899 crash Bull had to cut down costs, interrupting the constrcution of the whole complex; only the south wing was built. ÅPENT KVARTAL 7 DEICHMAN LIBRARY, 1921 1906 1931 1933 1958 1939 1970 1962 1969 The competition for a library housing the book collection of Carl Deichman was announced in 1921, and the Norwegian architect Nils Olaf Reiersen won with the project “Ved monumentparken”. Completed in 1933, Oslo had finally its own Parthenon, a book temple with Greek columns in a neo-classical suit. Oslo’s Acropolis was completed. 1990 1978 2011 ARNE GARBORGS PLASS, 1936 Completion of the Government quarters Named after the Norwegian writer of the national idiom, Arne Garborgs Plass was created in 1936. Originally paved and meant to be a pedestrian area the plass was created in the area formed by the separation of two roads in Oslo’s main Ring Road. When the Oslo Main Fire and Rescue Headquarters was built, the space became only a discharge point for fire trucks. When Erling Viksjø placed a lid over the plass he intended to typographically connect the buildings of the Government Quarter with the Deichmanske Library and St. Stephen’s HØYBLOKKA, 1957 Previously serving as the site forNorway’s Rikshospitalet, Hammersborg was slated to become the location of Norwegian government in 1874. In 1939, Erling Viksjø won the competition to design the new Government Quarter with modern buildings that would replace the 19th century Rikshospitalet. During construction of the Høyblokka in 1957 the buildings were kept in place and the new high-rise was built among the still functioning ministry buildings. Between 1954 and 1962 all the buildings of the Rikshospitalet were demolished to make Y-BLOKKA, 1969 21st CENTURY As a part of the project for a new Gouvernment Quarter of Norway, plans for the Y-block was already made in 1950’s by Erling Viksjø. The building has it’s name from it’s clear Y-shape, which it was given to create a seperation between the Trinity Church and the Deichman Library, two buildings of two very distinct architectural styles. The building has the same raster facade as the H-block, and it was the architects intention that they belong together. The Y-block also contains integrated art of sandblasted concrete, made by Pablo Picasso and Carl Nesjar. ÅPENT KVARTAL 8 VIKSJØ SIN ARKITEKTUR ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 VIKSJØ’S ARCHITECTURE an international patent. Viksjø’s ultimate goal for nat in which the art was literally ingrained into the b NATURBETONG began to surround himself with the artist community of N Viksjø dedicated a huge part of his life to the experimenting with the concrete and in collaboration with Sverre Jystad and Carl Nesjar they patented the sandblasted injection concrete and named it “Naturbetong” He creates a trinity of engineering, architecture and visual arts in the experimental process of creating the government quarter. design and execute sandblasted naturbetong designs fo collaborations that Viksjø would forge would be with the fulfilling the designs for the naturbetong murals of the Hø the 20th century master Pablo Picasso. Indeed the Høyb naturbetong technique would be used, giving the rather character. The Høyblokka was Viksjø’s first major projec Acid washed surface Born on July 4, 1 910 Erling Viksjø is undoubtedly Norway’s most famous and influential post-war architect having designed some of the most culturally important in the nation. Viksjø was among the first students to receive a modernist education at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, from where he graduated in 1935. The following year in 1936 Viksjø was hired by Ove Bangs, a very forward thinking architect much in touch with international trends and modern political architecture, whom undoubtedly left a great mark on Viksjø aesthetically and intellectually. It was while working for Bangs and probably under his mentorship that Viksjø entered into and won the competition for the design of the Government Quarter in 1939 but with the Nazi invasion the following year all plans were put on hold. Viksjø would take over Ove Bang’s practice after the latter’s death in 1942 but because of the “radical” architectural philosophy and aesthetics of the firm Viksjø would be arrested and interred in a Nazi concentration camp until the end of the war. In 1946 Viksjø left his partners at Ove Bang’s office and opened his own practice which is still in existence today under the leadership of his son Per Viksjø. ERLING VIKSJØ Ch Sandblasted surface CARL NESJAR Viksjø dedicated a huge part of his life to the experimenting with the concrete and in collaboration with Sverre Jystad and Carl Nesjar they patented the sandblasted injection concrete and named it “Naturbetong” He creates a trinity of engineering, architecture and visual arts in the experimental process of creating the government quarter. BAKKEHAUGEN KIRKE, 1959 Viksjø’s Bakkehaugen Kirke outside of Oslo was the first building to receive the Betongtavlen Award issued by the National Associations of Norwegian Architects. The award celebrates environmental, aesthetic, and technical excellence in the use of concrete. Høyblokka Carl Nesjar sandblasting Picasso’s “The Beach” in the Høyblokka ÅPENT KVARTAL Bakkehaugen 10 1959 Kirke Marcel Breuer & Bernard Zehrfuss, UNESCO HQ, Paris. 1953-1958 Oscar Niemeyer, Ministry of Education & Health, Rio de Janeiro. 1936 -1943 These projects served as inspiration to Viksjø and are remarkably similar to the Government Quarter in Oslo. Much of Viksjø´s inspiration comes from Le Corbusier’s principles of architecture. Both the ministry of education and UNESCO headquarters were supervised by Le Corbusier during the design and building prcess. Below is a comparison of the Ministry in Rio de Janeiro and H-block. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT ÅPENT KVARTAL 11 MONUMENTALE FELT ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 MONUMENTAL FIELD A AKERSGAT A AKERSGAT Deichmans Library Trinity Church S KEYSER GATE HAMMERSBORG TORG HS NC MU HS NC MU HAMMERSBORG TORG GRUBBEGATA GRUBBEGATA Deichmans Library Trinity Church GATE S KEYSER TE GA TE GA HAMM ERS HAMM ERS BORGG BORGG ATA GATA TEATER RG APO TEKE RG ATA HøY GR UB EN SE AT A M øL LE RG BEG AT A ATA AK LA SS GR EN ESTE RE TTSP M øL LE RG GR UB BEG ATA AK LA SS GR HøY ER SG ATA ESTE RE TTSP ER SG ATA ATA Mø LL ER GA TA Fire Station Mø LL ER GA TA APO TEKE SE N N 1969 1866 A AKERSGAT A AKERSGAT Deichmans Library Trinity Church S KEYSER GATE HAMMERSBORG TORG CH N MU CH N MU HAMMERSBORG TORG GRUBBEGATA GRUBBEGATA Deichmans Library Trinity Church GATE S KEYSER E AT SG E AT SG HAMM ERS HAMM ERS BORGG BORGG ATA GATA TEATER ATA ESTE RE TTSP ER LA SS EN RG LE M øL UB GR GR SE AT A ATA BEG AT A RG LE M øL GR UB BEG ATA AK ER AK EN HøY SG ATA ESTE RE TTSP LA SS GR Mø LL RG HøY SG ATA ATA ER APO TEKE Mø LL RG GA TA GA TA Fire Station ER APO TEKE SE N N 1978 1906 A AKERSGAT A AKERSGAT Deichmans Library Trinity Church GATE S KEYSER GATE HAMMERSBORG TORG N MU E AT E AT SG SG CH CH N MU HAMMERSBORG TORG GRUBBEGATA GRUBBEGATA Deichmans Library Trinity Church S KEYSER HAMM ERS HAMM ERS BORGG BORGG ATA GATA TEATER Mø LL ATA SG HøY ESTE RE TTSP LE ATA BEG UB GR EN N M øL AK M øL LE RG AT A ATA EG GR SE 1939 RG AT A LA SS ER LA SS UB B EN ATA ESTE RE TTSP GR GR RG HøY AK ER SG ATA ATA GA TA APO TEKE Mø LL RG ER GA TA Fire Station ER APO TEKE ATA GATA TEATER Fire Station SE N 1988 A AKERSGAT A AKERSGAT Deichmans Library Trinity Church GATE S KEYSER GATE HAMMERSBORG TORG SG CH N MU SG CH N MU HAMMERSBORG TORG GRUBBEGATA GRUBBEGATA Deichmans Library Trinity Church S KEYSER E AT E AT HAMM ERS HAMM ERS BORGG BORGG ATA GATA TEATER ETTS EN N RG AT A BEG UB GR GR SE LE ATA ASS M øL ER RG AT A LE ATA BEG UB GR Hø YE STER PL AK ASS M øL ER EN ATA ATA ETTS PL AK GR Mø LL RG Hø YE STER SG SG ATA ATA GA TA APO TEKE Mø LL RG ER GA TA Fire Station ER APO TEKE ATA GATA TEATER Fire Station 1958 ATA GATA TEATER Fire Station CONSTRUCTING OF MONUMENTAL FIELD ATA GATA TEATER Fire Station SE N 1996 ÅPENT KVARTAL 13 The Government area is open for the public, but function wise, it is still invert. Youngstorget, is named the area for the people. Surrounding it are buildings housing different political parties. Left Party (Venstre) The departments are surrounding a square of their own, with little connection to Youngstorget. Visual connection with the H-block Møllergata no. 19 is the only building which has a physical connection with the public as well as the parties. Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) The Workers Federation FIELD FOR THE PEOPLE ÅPENT KVARTAL 14 gjeldende forhold ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 CURRENT CONDITIONS BARRIERS TO URBAN MOBILITY ABSENCE OF ACTIVITY 1_3000 0 25m 50m 100m 250m With the tunnel system all government buildings are connected in under ground. The rest of the relations are happening above. There are a few different situations, caused by several types of houses and streets at different places. For example from Youngstorget you can see the top of the H-Block. Between the H-Block and S-Block is an open space, but it is not really connected. The square in front of the Y-Block is hardly recognizable from somewhere else. To get from the H-Block to the R5-building pedestrians have to walk a detour. N EN One of the main problems of the Government Quarter is the lack of space. High density and narrow streets prevent a flow of pedestrians through it. Squares are split by streets or buildings. Government buildings are not accessible for pedestrians. That is the reason why those usually have to walk around the buildings and visual contact is not guaranteed. Moreover the traffic system also does not support the flow. CHALLENGES OF ACCESS ÅPENT KVARTAL 16 MINNESMERKE ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 MEMORIAL INFORMAL ALTERS An informal memorial site has been created at a bus stop at Hole Council. People have left flowers, small tokens, and messages to remember those victims of the attack. These are preserved and collected by the National Archive. UTOYA MEMORIAL A permanent memorial will be facing Utoya at Hole Council. It must take into consideration the surrounding nature and inhabitants. The Swedish artist Jonas Dahlberg recently won an open competition. His proposal envisaged a three-and-a-halfmeter wide “wound” within the landscape. It reproduces the physical experience of taking away, reflecting the abrupt and permanent loss of those who died. HØYBLOKKA MEMORIAL With its cracked glass and newspaper from July 22 2011 this object bore witness to the bombing of the Government Quarter. The display case will be used as the foundation for the temporary art project Relocating the Past: Ruins for the Future, which will be displayed at the bus shelter across the street from the original location of the display case. RELOCATING THE PAST ÅPENT KVARTAL 18 MEMORIAL AT THE GOVERNMENT QUARTER Proposed Site for the Memorial II. Relocating the past memorial Government Quarters These memorials will be seen as a symbol of Norway’s grief and should be related to one another. The memorial will feature a permanent and temporary structure currently proposed between the Deichman Library and Y-Block bordering Grubegatta. The temporary memorial will face planning difficulties as the area will be a building site for a considerable period of time . This should be considered when designing the experiential quality of the memorial. Oslo Cathedral Area for the Rose March I. MEMORIAL FOR THE ATTACKS AT UTOYA Karl Johansgate Route of historic significance Current proposed site for the Temporary Memorial Current proposed site for the permanent Memorial for Utoya Hole Council In addition to the proposed memorial at Hole Council, another memorial is intended to be built on the island of Utoya specifically for family and friends. The design of the memorial must reflect a sense of national identity, but address the act of remembrance that can distill collective memory and impression in the future. Utoya Oslo The research looks specifically at Norwegian memorial culture before and after the 22nd July attack. It then goes on to the wider scope of memorial versus monument in order to explore their differing design criteria in relation to the H-Block. A REPRESENTATIVE DISTRICT ÅPENT KVARTAL 19 FREMTID OG DEBATT ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 FUTURE AND DEBATE DEMOLITION PRESERVATION KVU-en The concept study concludes that the difference in costs between the rehabilitation of the H-block and equivalent new construcion accounts for about 400 million nok, and for the Y-block approximately 250 million. Adding to this, the Y-block is less space efficient than the H-block. Former Prime Minister Willoch The former Prime Minister’s statements are mostly concerning safety basis of the H-block rehabilitation. According to him, Grubbegata should have been closed earlier. Former Minister Storberget Storberget speaks out mostly about over security matters, being skeptical to move back to the H-block. Minister Aasrud Aasrud has made statements about the extensive damage that the Government Quarter received and about the possibility of its relocation and redesign. Paul E. Lødøen Development Company, Oslo Even though he has made statements both for and against demolition, Lødøen believes that it can be twice as expensive to refurbish the three buildings H-block, R4 and S-block rather than building again. “[H-Block and Y=block] are quite unlike anything that had been built in Norway. (...) The Two buildings contrast with each other and work together to create rich and beautiful urban spaces.” “[H-Block] represetnts something of Norway and the ciapital’s identity; the irrepressible and relentless in our democracy that bombs cannot destroy.” “ [G-block, H-block, and Y-block] Through the work and overall compostition of buildings, plants and artwork above and below ground, encircling urban and dense joints with the street around, forming a whole that makes the area unique. It’s the G-block, H-block and Y-block together that provides the historical time depth.” “[...] In Nine Points on Monumentality, Sigfried Giedion argued for a collaboration between the arts, to create monuments that could satisfy people’s basic need for symbols.” “Erling Viksjo’s government buildings in Norway’s capital is the foremost symbol of postwar common international faith in democracy, dialogue and openness.” ARGUMENTS OF PRESERVATION ÅPENT KVARTAL 21 CONCEPT 1 - REUSE CONCEPT 2 - WEST “Open field” Estimation of total gross m2 in “Enclosed volumes” Estimation of total gross m2 CONCEPT 3 - MIDDLE CONCEPT 4 - COMPACT CONCEPT 5 - EAST “Enclosed volumes” Estimation of total gross m2 in “Fortress” Estimation of total gross m2 “Enclosed wall” 2064: 236 812 in 2064: 214 657 2064: 210 835 in 2064: 202 017 This concept (as the old district) can be said to have the qualities of an urban “open field” in the city since a lot of the existing buildings are reused. In this concept the district is more closed of from the city because. Even though some of the existing buildings are reused the program is placed in fewer, bigger volumes that in the old district. The placement of the program in concept 3 (like concept 2) is closed off from the city because it is placed in few, big volumes. Concept 4 is the most extreme suggestion for the new Government District and one can argue that it is more a fortress than a part of the city fabric. This is suggestion is the chosen concept for the new Government District and what that the Government has decided to develop further. Because of the concentrated placement of the program on the right side of the square a “wall” is created between Youngstorget and the square on the other side of the Government District. TOTAL GROSS AREA TOTAL GROSS AREA TOTAL GROSS AREA TOTAL GROSS AREA TOTAL GROSS AREA 210,835 m2 210,657 m2 236,812 m2 202,017 m2 206,183 m2 Estimation of total gross m2 in 2064: 206 183 GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS ÅPENT KVARTAL 22 Høyblokka 4.684 hits “Høyblokka demolition” 303 hits Future Debate Value Fate Høyblokka demolition v. preservation Closing Grubbegata Art Costs of Cleanup Costs of rehabilition v. new construction Proposed conservation and listed property Byantikvarens Gule liste Preservation class 1 Preservation class 2 Regjeringskvartalet 30,552 hits Attack Damage and injury Reaction Demolition Preservation Security New construction can ensure security in a completely different way than rehabilitation. Security The H-block has high cultural value that can be only be addressed by rehabilitation. Cost It is twice as expensive to rehabilitate that to rebuild. Damage The damage is too extensive for rehabilitation of all the damaged buildings. New Requirements Energy and environmental requirements can hardly be addressed by rehabilitation. Architecture H-Block is a “monster monument.” Symbolism It is necessary to have a more modern design that symbolizes transparency over democracy. Cost Rehabilitation is the most affordable solution. Art The mural of Nesjar and Picasso can only exist within the building. Government decisions Buildings being demolished Buildings preserved GSEducationalVersion Architecture H-Block is the highest representative of modernists architecture in Norway and a monument to social democracy. Symbolism The H-block is an important monument of the terror that struck Norway. Its rehabilitation would be a symbol of survivial of the attack. MEDIA COVERAGE ÅPENT KVARTAL 23 DESIGNFORSLAG DESIGN PROPOSAL ÅPENT KVARTAL ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 OPEN QUARTER REPRESENTASJON REPRESENTATION Regjeringskvartalet er et område med lang politisk historie og er symbolsk svært viktig for Oslo. I verdenssammenheng fremstår det som unikt på grunn av sammenstillingen av flere bygninger med politisk makt, fra pressen til fagforeningene og til kirken. Som sådan er dette monumentale feltet et mikrokosmos av det norske demokratiet. Det er åpent og tilgjengelig, strategisk plassert i sentrum av Oslo og med potensiale til å bli et symbol på mangfold. The government district of Oslo – Regjeringskvartalet – is a remarkable space of political symbolism. If compared to equivalent sites across the world, it stands out as exceptional. The collection of governance buildings define an open field of monuments, with institutions that represent every major aspect of Norwegian society, from the press to the unions and to the church. As such, this monumental field is a microcosm of Norwegian democracy. It is open and accessible, strategically located in the centre of Oslo and with the potential to become a symbol of diversity. INNVIRKNING PÅ BYEN BENEFITS FOR THE CITY Utfordringen ved å bygge nye kontorer for departementene er å imøtekomme en høy grad av sikkerhet, men samtidig ivareta en åpenhet i byen. Vi mener at kilden til utfordringen ligger på bakkeplan, derfor er vår strategi å se på denne som et handlingsrom for en framtidig løsning. Vi ønsker å aktivere byrommene mellom de politiske bygningene og videreføre den historiske strukturen. I møtet mellom den sterkt trafikkerte ringveien og de myke trafikantene oppstår det kompliserte kryssforbindelser. Mangel på gode forbindelser isolerer området fra konteksten. Som et resultat fremstår de historiske bygningene som fragmenter, uten relasjon til hverandre eller til byen. Området gjenstår tomt, ugjennomtrengelig og utrygt – selve motsatsen til demokratiet. The challenge of building new offices for the government ministries is to accommodate a large amount of secure area within the site, while also maintaining the historical value of the existing structures and activating the spaces in between them. Therefore, our strategy identifies the ground as both the source of current problems on the site and the place of possibility for the future. The collision of the scale of the Ring 1 highway with the rhythm of pedestrians in the city complicates the crossing of the area, isolating it from its context. As a result, the historic buildings appear as fragments, disarticulated from each other and from the city. The site remains vacant, impenetrable and unsafe – the opposite of democracy. OPPLEVELSE EXPERIENCE Ved å formgi bakkeplanet etter sammenkoblingene i byen og tilgjengeliggjøre det for myke trafikanter, forsøker dette forslaget å forsterke opplevelsen av det offentlige – både for regjeringsansatte, besøkende og lokale innbyggere. Det tilbyr grønne områder samt kommersielle og kulturelle program. Gjenoppbyggingen av bakkeplanet gir de eksisterende bygningene en forsterket rolle ved å konstruere et sammenhengende tykt lag som inneholder regjeringsprogram under bygulvet. Dette laget muliggjør en fri parallell kommunikasjon både mellom regjeringsbyggene og på bakkenivå. Ved å benytte seg av arealet under bakken og dermed spre arealbehovet for 2025-fasen utover anlegget, kan høyden på de nye tårnene reduseres slik at de er sammenlignbare med Høyblokka. Snarere enn å være forstyrrende, skaper den resulterende høyden en hensynsfull fortsettelse av horisonten i Oslo. Det nye bakkeplanet er et rutenett av stier og grøntområder. Organiseringen framgår av geometrien til de eksisterende bygningene, og skaper egenartede romlige forhold. Et nytt offentlig nivå kobles på tvers av området og gir en direkte passasje fra øst til vest, og skaper samtidig trygghet ved å etablere synlighet og klar orientering. For å imøtekomme påkrevd program, etableres en sammenstilling av tårn som en løpende sekvens av bygninger. De flettes inn, ikke bare med byen, men også med eksisterende bygninger ved å fortsette den etablerte geometrien i området. Som en videreføring av Høyblokkas formspråk, har de vekselvis åpne bakkeplan- og toppetasjer for å skape synlighet både fra bakkeplan og fra byen i større kontekst. By articulating the ground to the city and opening it to the pedestrians, this proposal enhances the experience of the public – government workers, visitors and local residents. It provides green areas as well as commercial and cultural programme. In the manner of a campus, the reworked ground gives a greater role to the existing buildings, thickened below to provide areas for government use. By creating underground space and spreading the area across the site for the 2025 phase, the scheme reduces the height of the towers so they are comparable to Hoyblokka. Rather than being disruptive, the resulting height creates a considerate continuation with the skyline of Oslo. The new ground plane is a grid of paths and greenery. Their organisation emerges from the geometry of the existing buildings that create unique spatial conditions. A new public level connects across the sire, allowing easy movement from east to west – a previously impossible option – and procuring safety by establishing visibility and clear wayfinding. To accommodate the required programme, a composition of towers creates a sequence of buildings that merge not only the site with the city but also the existing buildings with the new ones. Learning from the shape of the Hoyblokka, they have alternately open ground floors or upper floors to allow visibility, at pedestrian and urban levels. OPEN QUARTER ÅPENT KVARTAL 26 OPEN QUARTER ÅPENT KVARTAL 27 SENKET TETTHET ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 LOWERING DENSITY The proposal opens the ground to maximise urban connectivity. It defines east-west axes that give a new character to the site, extending Hammersborggata, Hospitalsgata, and Eva Kolstads gate for pedestrian use. In the north-south direction, Grubbegata is extended to create a soft limit that defines to the west the area of the new offices for government use, and to the east cultural programme and amenities. Throughout the site, the new continuous ground level accommodates commercial facilities that act as destinations. DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAM ÅPENT KVARTAL 29 STRATEGIES FOR LOWERING DENSITY RING 1 115.000 SQM 2024 62.500 SQM 2064 62.500 SQM 2064 LOWERING RING 1 115.000 SQM 2024 RING 1 115.000 SQM 2024 RING 1 BUILT OVER WHOLE SITE IN 2024, RENOVATED WITH SMART WORKING PRINCIPLES FOR 2064 115.000 SQM 2024 ACTIVATING BUILT OVER WHOLE SITE IN 2024, RENOVATED WITH SMART WORKING PRINCIPLES FOR 2064 DISTRIBUTION OF DENSITY ÅPENT KVARTAL 30 CONSTRUCTION FOR 2024 TOTAL AREALFORDELING Regjeringskvartalet i 2024 GJENBRUK AV BYGNINGER etasjer høyde Høyblokka 19 (17) 56 15.375 G-Blokka 7 (5) 22 12.550 Møllergata 19 4 (3) 20 over bakken 27.925 NY BEBYGGELSE, SYD 6-8 24 8.764 5-9 (5-7) 24 6.740 Hovedbrannstasjonen Y-Blokka KVM Tårn - syd 14 (12) 48 12.278 Tårn - M19 20 (18) 72 14.240 1 4 15.532 Underetasje 57.554 NY BEBYGGELSE, NORD Tårn - ring 12 (9) 36 9.552 Tårn - kirke 18 (15) 60 14.328 8 (5) 20 3.304 1 4 2.542 Adkomstbygning Underetasje 29.726 115.205 AVSTANDSSONER FRA MULIG KJØRBAR VEI Arealfordeling over og under bakken GRUPPE B: RKV 2024 - 2064 KONSENTRERT 2024 2024 2064 sør total 194 1.943 2.137 10 - 20m fra kjørbar vei 1.025 5.183 20 - 30m fra kjørbar vei 1.073 6.069 7.142 7.142 30 - 40m fra kjørbar vei 5.227 12.090 17.317 17.317 22.207 60.194 82.401 82.401 29.726 85.479 115.205 115.205 nord 0 - 10m fra kjørbar vei 40m og mer fra kjørbar vei 6.208 2.137 6.208 PROGRAM DISPERSED ÅPENT KVARTAL 31 PRINCIPLES OF SMART WORKING CONSTRUCTION FOR 2024 FACTS AND FIGURES OF SMART WORKING CONSTRUCTION FOR 2024 SMART WORKING SMART WORKING PRINCIPLES FIGURES AND FACTS SMART WORKING MART WORKING INCIPLES FIGURES AND FACTS + 25-35% SPACE GAINED FROM SMART WORKING 100% 100% PLOYEE ZONES EMPLOYEE ZONES REGJERINGSKVARTALET REGJERINGSKVARTALET - Employee ID - Daily choice of desk - Private Locker - Home Base - Employee ID - Daily choice of desk - Quiet Zone - Private Locker - Business Garden - Business Garden - Communal Tables working employee - Meeting Room - Library - Stand-Up Meeting - Mobile Shelving - Business Lounge - Touch Down - Phone Box conference - Home Base - Quiet Zone working loyee erence * - Meeting Room - Library - Follow-Me printer - Stand-Up Meeting - Mobile Shelving storage - Business Lounge - Touch Down - Communal Tables - Follow-Me printer storage - Phone Box 177.500 sqm 100% 133.125 sqm 75% 115.375 sqm 65% TOTAL REQUIRED AREA 2025-2065 177.500 -25% -35% sqm 100 133.125 sqm 75 REDUCTION FROM SMARTWORKING REDUCTION FROM SMARTWORKING 115.375 sqm *HENN Project for HVB Offices in Munich, DELOITTE Building in Amsterdam, Credit Suisse Offices in Zurich 65 *HENN Project for HVB Offices in Munich, DE TRANSITION TO SMART WORKING ÅPENT KVARTAL 32 DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE ÅPENT KVARTAL 33 RESTRUCTURED TYPE ÅPENT KVARTAL 34 URBANE FORBINDELSER ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 URBAN CONNECTIONS The proposal opens the ground to maximise urban connectivity. It defines east-west axes that give a new character to the site, extending Hammersborggata, Hospitalsgata, and Eva Kolstads gate for pedestrian use. In the north-south direction, Grubbegata is extended to create a soft limit that defines to the west the area of the new offices for government use, and to the east cultural programme and amenities. Throughout the site, the new continuous ground level accommodates commercial facilities that act as destinations. URBAN CONNECTIONS ÅPENT KVARTAL 36 URBAN POTENTIAL 0 25m 50m 100m N PUBLIC PROGRAM KULTURHUS Butikker Restauranter Gallerier Minnesmerke + Kulturell programmering OFFENTLIG FORSIDE Rekreasjons område POLITISKE EVENTER Café Debatt Besøkssenter Hovedinngang DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE ÅPENT KVARTAL 37 Butik Restauran Galle +14 +14 +16.5 +14 +22 Grubbegata opprettholdes som forbindelse i retning nord-sør. Kobles på eksisterende grøntdrag. Forbindelsen i dagens situasjon er brutt med en overdekt trapp mellom Grubbegata og Hammersborggata. Ved å stenge påkjøringsrampene til Ring 1 og senke veien til samme nivå som ringveien møter hver side av rampene, etableres et nytt gateløp på bakkeplan. +16.5 I eksisterende situasjon løper fotgjengerfeltet mellom øst og vest langs en svært trafikkert vei under lokk. Passasjen oppleves mørk, støyende og utrygg. Ved å fjerne lokket og senke Ring 1, gis det nytt liv til Arne Garborgs plass. +15.5 +10 +15 +12 +18 +15.5 +23 Arne Garborgs plass redefineres som et bilfritt byrom på samme høydekurve som plassen foran høyblokka. I platået mellom Deichmanske og Arne Garborgs plass etableres offentlig program for å gi aktivitet på plassen. +15 +16 +15 +17 +17 I dagens situasjon er Y-blokka bygget inn i terrenget, og skaper derfor en romlig barriere. Ved å fjerne lokket over Arne Garborgs plass og skape fri passasje under den nordlige armen, brytes denne barrieren. Slik skapes også flere passasjer mellom øst og vest, som gir aktivitet og bevegelse over plassen. +12 +12 Passasjen gjennom Høyblokka gjenopprettes som forbindelse i retning øst-vest. +18 Påkjøringsrampene til ringveien fjernes. +19.5 Ring 1 kurver i dag opp og møter påkjøringsrampene ved Arne Garborgs plass. Ved å fjerne påkjøringsrampene og senke ringveien til tilstøtende nivå, blir Arne Garborgs plass bilfritt. +12 +18 +17 NEW CONNECTIONS ÅPENT KVARTAL 38 OLD AND NEW CONNECTIONS ÅPENT KVARTAL 39 CONNECTED GROUND ÅPENT KVARTAL 40 CONNECTED GROUND ÅPENT KVARTAL 41 FELLES GRUNN COMMON GROUND ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 ÅPENT KVARTAL 42 GROUND FLOOR PLAN The ground provides public gardens, pathways and hardscape areas. Resolving current problems of disconnection, the ground creates a sequence of spaces surrounded by programme that takes into account seasons, time of the day, and connections to public transport. According to the sun exposure, each garden is planted with different species of flora. Some of these areas can be experienced directly as open courtyards and others serve as visual attractions. Their accessibility responds to the surrounding programme, creating buffering zones that protects old and new buildings from potential violence. COMMON GROUND 0 25m 50m 100m ÅPENT KVARTAL 43 N BELOW GROUND PLAN COMMON GROUND 05 25m 0m ÅPENT KVARTAL 100m N 44 20 25 Construction Completed Construction Completed in 2025 in 2025 20 25 Public Entrance Public Entrance 20 25 20 25 Ministry Buildings Ministry Buildings Governmental Garden Governmental Garden Public Space/Garden Public Space/Garden Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Governmental Garden Governmental Garden Prime Minister‘s Prime Office Minister‘s Office Public Entrance Public Entrance Public Garden Public Garden 20 25 25 20 20 25 Public Entrance Public Entrance P P Governmental Parking Governmental Parking below Youngstorget below Youngstorget 20 25 0 25m 0 50m 25m 50m 100m 100m N SITE ORGANIZATION ÅPENT KVARTAL 45 20 25 Construction Completed in 2025 Public Entrance Public Entrance 20 25 Ministry Buildings VIP Lane Parking Governmental Garden Public Space/Garden Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Governmental Garden Public Entrance VIP Lane Parking Prime Minister‘s Office Public Entrance 20 25 Public Garden Public EntrancePublic Entrance VIP Lane Parking Governmental Parking Parking below Youngstorget Underground P P T 20 25 0 0 25m 50m 25m 50m 100m 100m N SITE CIRCULATION ÅPENT KVARTAL 46 Evacuation 20 25 10m 20m 30m 40m Construction Completed in 2025 Security Zones Public Entrance 20 25 Ministry Buildings Protected Pedestrian Area Protected Pedestrian Area Gardens as buffers Governmental Garden Cultural program Ring 1 tunnel 40m 30m 20m 10m Public Space/Garden Bollards Evacuation Centre Ring 1 Tunnel Logistic Centre Logistic Centre m Prime Minister‘s Office 10 20 Governmental Garden m m 30 40 m Security Zones Evacuation Garden as buffers Public Entrance Gardens as buffers Public Entrance 25 Public Garden 20 P Governmental Parking below Youngstorget Evacuation Security Zones 20 25 10 m 20 m 30 m Protected Pedestrian Area 0 25m 0 50m 25m 50m 100m N SITE SECURITY ÅPENT KVARTAL 47 100m N SUN STUDY SUN STUDY SUN STUDY SUN STUDY 1 MAY, 9:00 1 MAY, 12:00 1 MAY, 15:00 1 MAY, 18:00 STUDIES OF LIGHT ÅPENT KVARTAL 48 VEGETATION ZONES Norwegian landscapes and flora SUN arctic BJØRK nightshades glacial fjord boreal 30m moor RØSSLYNG forest fjell 0,2 - 0,6m MYRULL coast city 0,2 - 0,9m height 160y perennials perennials *fast growing *allergenic *long blossoming *rhizome life expectancy blooming * additional info GROUND NORSK FURU non-permeable GRÅ REINLAV 0,1m BALLBLOM 0,6m soft permeable solid ROOT GROUND 12m ROGN 600y perennials perennials *fast growing *nice smelling *slow growing *aquavit *rhizome *blooms often 15m EINERSLEKTEN 0,7m GEITRAMS 0,5 - 1,2m nutrient-poor shallow root 80y perennials perennials *robust *fast growing *evergreen * prickly *rhizome *quickly occupying deep root nutrient-rich BARLIND FJELL SECTION high alpine Fjell medium alpine low alpine birch forest coniferous forest south frost debris desert grassmat snow sink 1100-1300 meadow dwarf shrub heath 600-950 willow bushes dwarf birch forest 500-900 coniferous forest moor cultural landscape north 20m 1200-1600 BLÅBÆR 0,2 - 0,6m 700y 30y *decorative *hedge *long-lasting *summer green SKRUBBÆR 0,1 - 0,3m perennials SUN *rhizome *bloom & berry STUDIES OF VEGETATION ÅPENT KVARTAL 49 NORSK FURU BJØRK ROGN MYRULL BLÅBÆR RØSSLYNG BARLIND BALLBLOM EINERSLEKTEN SKRUBBÆR P GEITRAMS GRÅ REINLAV PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GARDENS ÅPENT KVARTAL 50 ENHANCING GOVERNMENT ÅPENT KVARTAL 51 NY HISTORIE ÅPENT KVARTAL AHO + GSAPP Team NYTT Regjeringskvartalet Parallelloppdrag 2015 ACTIVATING HISTORY The reuse of the structures of the past has a twofold goal. On one hand, it releases historical layers into the present, reminding the visitors of the growth of Norway through representative pieces of architecture. History activates the site. On the other, it constitutes a strategy that optimises resources and reduces time of construction. The reuse of buildings creates less waste and minimises carbon emissions. Above all, it preserves a non-renewable piece of cultural heritage. The opening of the ground activates history. INTEGRATING OLD AND NEW ÅPENT KVARTAL 53 Trinity Church Alexis de Chateauneuf 1858 Deichmanske Bibliotek Nils Olaf Redersen 1933 Y-Blokka Erling Viksjø 1969 Hovedbrannstasjonen Eystein Michalsen 1939 Høyblokka Erling Viksjø 1958 Møllergata 19 Jacob Wilhelm Nordan 1866 Gamleblokka Henrik Bull & Stener Lenschow 1906 SITE AS FIELD OF MONUMENTS ÅPENT KVARTAL 54 ACTIVATING NEW AND OLD ARCHITECTURE THROUGH REUSE OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS 1 Deichmanske Bibliotek Nils Olaf Redersen 1933 2 Y-Blokka Erling Viksjø 1969 3 Hovedbrannstasjonen Eystein Michalsen 1939 LOGISTICS AND DELIVERY 4 Møllergata 19 Jacob Wilhelm Nordan 1866 MAIN PUBLIC ENTRANCE 5 Høyblokka Erling Viksjø 1958 MINISTRY OFFICES 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 KULTUR HUSET CULTURAL MINISTRY, MEMORIAL 5 6 Gamelblokka Henrik Bull & Stener Lenschow 1906 MINISTRY OFFICES ACTIVATING MONUMENT ÅPENT KVARTAL 55 REUSE REUSE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS IS MORE SUSTAINABILE THAN NEW Reasons for keeping the existing CONSTRUCTION CULTURAL HERITAGE Non-renewable CULTURAL HERITAGE Non-renewable MINIMIZATION OF CARBON EMISSIONS MINIMIZATION Environmentally OF CARBON EMISSIONS friendly Environmentally friendly PREVENTING WASTE WASTE PREVENTION Valuing existing ressources Valuing existing resources SUSTAINABLE REUSE ÅPENT KVARTAL 56 NEW TOWERS LEARN FROM HOYBLOKKA Just as the hoyblokka has an open bottom and open top, so the new towers have either transparent ground floors or transparent upper floors. The open ground floors are located in buildings that have more public accessibility, while the open upper floors enable views in higher security buildings HISTORICAL REUSE ÅPENT KVARTAL 57 URBAN REGENERATION ÅPENT KVARTAL 58 Anerkjennelser Our team would like extend thanks to Rector Ole Gustavsen and the Designhøgskolen I Oslo for their continuous support and involvement in this project. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would also like to thank Amale Andraos, dean of Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, for enabling the participation of the GSAPP students. A special thanks to the Institute of Urbanism and Landscape of AHO for their consultation. This work built upon the research of Oslo-Restore Studio at AHO, co-taught by Bryony Roberts, Andrea Pinochet and Laura Sæther. This work built upon contributions by the Oslo-Restore Studio at Columbia University GSAPP,co-taught by Craig Konyk and Jorge Otero-Pailos. STUDENTS: STUDENTS: Kelsy Alexander Paul Bailey Ines Bendelac Trine Bølviken Tommy Degerth Bruguers Gallego-Guiu Brit Kristin Heltne Signe Ludvigsen Eva Bakke Negård Ida Nordstrøm Ivana Mijic Marcos Moreira Halvor Andre Saga Miguel Saludas Cecilie Schjetlein Sundt Rebecca Schulz Juris Strangots Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen I OSLO (AHO) TEAM TEAM LEADER: Bryony Roberts CRITICS: Erik Langdalen and Jorge Otero-Pailos PHD ADVISERS: Christian Parreno, Guttorm Ruud STUDENTS: Nina Gjersoe, Hauk Lien, Eva Bakke Negård, Ida Nordstrøm, Liv Mari Oppebøen, Rebecca Schulz RECENT GRADUATES: Helle Bendixen, Liv Hanstad With Craig Konyk and students from Columbia University, GSAPP, New York: STUDENTS: Pari Agarwal, Stephanie Jones, Wesley LeForce, Michael Middleton, Andre Stiles. Pari Agarwal Diana Arujo Angel Garcia Castillo Xiaxiao Chen Stephanie Jones Olimpia Lira Carolina Llano Wesley LeForce Michael A. Middleton Anna Oursler Kate Reggev Andre Stiles
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