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Psalm 99
(99:1)
‫“ = רגז‬be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed” under BDB 919a.
‫“ = נוט‬dangle, shake” under BDB 630a. Very rare. Arb nawṭu(n) “a bag hanging
down”. Arb nāṭa “suspend, hang”.1
(99:2)
‫“ = רום‬be high, exalted, rise”, Polel “raise, exalt” under BDB 926b. Participle or
Qal? Participle which looks the same as Qal affix 3ms for middle weak.
2
‫העמים‬
(99:3)
‫“ = ידה‬throw, cast”, Hiphil “give thanks, laud, praise” under BDB 392a. Note
appearance of Hiphil imperative.
‫נוֹרא‬
ָ –This is a Niphal participle of ‫ = ירא‬Niphal “be fearful, dreadful” under BDB
431b.
(99:4)
‫“ = אהב‬love” under BDB 12b.
‫“ = כון‬be firm”, Niphal “be set up, established, fixed” under BDB 465b. Akk kānu
“be firm, right”. Akk kāna “exist, occur, be”. However note appearance of Polel
form.
‫“ = מֵישָׁר‬evenness, uprightness, equity” under BDB 449b. Root ‫“ = ישׁר‬be smooth,
straight, right”.
(99:5)
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“Septuagint σαλευθητω, perhaps Aramaic(?)”.
“A few manuscripts, SeptuagintB*min ‫ אלהים‬compare 95:3, 96:4, 97:9”. So “gods”(?) instead of “peoples”?
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‫“ = הֲד ֹם‬stool, footstool” (always joined with ‫( )רדגלים‬poetry and late) under BDB
213a. Root ‫“ = הדם‬overthrow, overturn, cast down”.
(99:6)
‫“ = ענה‬answer, respond” under BDB 772b.
Note syntax and use of participial forms.
(99:7)
‫“ = עַמּוּד‬pillar, column” under BDB 765a. Root ‫“ = עמד‬take one’s stand, stand”.
‫" = ָענָן‬cloud-mass, cloud" under BDB 777b. Root ‫( = ענן‬perhaps) “cover; appear,
present oneself; intervene as an obstacle”.
‫“ = ח ֹק‬something prescribed, a statute or due” under BDB 349a.
3
‫שׁמרו‬
(99:8)
‫“ = נקם‬avenge, take vengeance”, Hitpael “avenge oneself” (rare) under BDB 667b.
Arm ‫( נְקַם‬rare). Arb naqama “take vengeance”. Akk iqqimu “vengeance, requital”.
‫“ = ֲעלִילָה‬wantonness, deed” under BDB 760a.
Again note the consistent use of participial forms in this psalm.
(99:9)
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“A few manuscripts ‫ ; ְושׁמרו‬propose ‫שׁ ְמעוּ‬
ָ ”.