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Review Question-1 Answer
CHAPTER 3
Basic Needs of
Living Things
Active Lecture Questions
A ______ is a certain number of individuals that
make up an interbreeding, reproducing group
within a given area.
a. species
b. population
c. organism
d. cell
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Review Question-2 Answer
Review Question-3 Answer
All the ecosystems of the Earth are
interconnected and form one huge system
called the
a. ecotone.
b. landscape.
c. biome.
d. biosphere.
The basic building blocks of all matter are
a. atoms.
b. molecules.
c. compounds.
d. matter.
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Review Question-4 Answer
Review Question-5 Answer
Organic compounds usually contain the
following six key elements:
Entropy is a measure of the degree of _____ in
a system.
a. helium, oxygen, hydrogen, magnesium,
plutonium, and nitrogen.
b. carbon, plutonium, helium, nitrogen, sulfur,
and magnesium.
c. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and sulfur.
d. gold, silver, magnesium, chromium, iron,
and sulfur.
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a. order
b. disorder
c. light
d. oxygen
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-1 Answer
Interpreting Graphs and Data-2 Answer
According to Fig. 3-5, the range of tolerance for
the species is
a. 8-18 degrees Celsius.
b. 8-38 degrees Celsius.
c. 20-28 degrees Celsius.
d. 29-38 degrees Celsius.
According to Fig. 3-8, when water undergoes
sublimation, it moves from the _____ state to
the _____ state.
a. solid; gas
b. solid; liquid
c. gas; solid
d. liquid; gas
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Thinking Environmentally-1 Answer
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Thinking Environmentally-2 Answer
All of the following are examples of potential
energy except
a. batteries.
b. firewood.
c. gasoline.
d. light.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states:
“In any energy conversion, some of the usable
energy is always lost.” Underlying the loss of
usable energy to heat is
a. the Law of Gravity.
b. the process of photosynthesis.
c. the Law of Independent Assortment.
d. the principle of entropy.
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Review Question-1 Answer
CHAPTER 4
Populations and
Communities
(Births plus ________) minus (________ plus
Emigration) = Change in population number
a. Emigration; Births
b. Immigration; Deaths
c. Immigration; Births
d. Emigration; Deaths
Active Lecture Questions
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Review Question-2 Answer
Review Question-3 Answer
True or False: Natural selection results in a
modification of the gene pool toward traits that
enhance survival and reproduction of a population.
The rate at which members of a species reproduce if
there are no limiting factors is referred to as
a. K-strategy.
b. r-strategy.
c. environmental resistance.
d. biotic potential.
a. True
b. False
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Review Question-4 Answer
Review Question-5 Answer
A species that has a critical role in maintaining an
ecosystem’s biotic structure is a
a. J-curve species.
b. K-strategist.
c. keystone species.
d. biotic potential.
The theory that has helped us understand
earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the geographic
distribution of present-day biota is
a. the law of limiting factors.
b. the Laws of Thermodynamics.
c. the theory of evolution.
d. plate tectonics.
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-1 Answer
Interpreting Graphs and Data-2 Answer
According to Fig. 4-2, the population growth curve
that represents logistic growth is
According to Fig. 4-8, the approximate date that this
population reached its greatest level of
environmental resistance was
a. the J-curve.
b. the S-curve.
a. 1944.
b. 1955.
c. 1963.
d. 1991.
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Thinking Environmentally-2
Thinking Environmentally-1 Answer
A K-strategist’s population size typically fluctuates
around
A sudden hard freeze that kills members of an
ecosystem is an example of
a. the midpoint of the J-curve.
b. carrying capacity.
c. density-dependent factors.
d. density-independent factors.
a. a critical number.
b. a density-dependent factor.
c. a density-independent factor.
d. density-driven resistance.
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Thinking Environmentally-2 Answer
CHAPTER 5
A sudden hard freeze that kills members of an
ecosystem is an example of
a. a critical number.
b. a density-dependent factor.
c. a density-independent factor.
d. density-driven resistance.
Ecosystems:
Energy, Patterns,
and Disturbance
Active Lecture Questions
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Review Question-1 Answer
Review Question-2 Answer
The process of initial invasion and progression
from one biotic community to the next is called
a. primary succession.
b. secondary succession.
c. a climax ecosystem.
d. fire.
True or False: Forest fires are destructive to
ecosystems and should be avoided if at all
possible.
a. True
b. False
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Review Question-3 Answer
Review Question-4 Answer
Resilience mechanisms might include
When an ecosystem reaches a dynamic
balance between all of the species and the
physical environment, the ecosystem is
considered
a. replenishment of nutrients.
b. rapid regrowth of plant cover.
c. succession in a forest.
d. all of the above.
a. at climax.
b. in primary succession.
c. in secondary succession.
d. in aquatic succession.
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Review Question-5 Answer
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-1 Answer
A small human action that catalyzes a major
change in the state of an ecosystem is called
the
According to Fig. 5-11, the temperature and
precipitation of the moist tundra biome can be
described as
a. turning point.
b. dew point.
c. tipping point.
d. point of no return.
a. cold and wet.
b. cold and dry.
c. hot and wet.
d. hot and dry.
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-2 Answer
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Thinking Environmentally-1 Answer
According to Fig. 5-20, areas shaded in black
have
All of the following are categories of consumers
except
a. no net primary
production.
b. low net primary
production.
c. medium net
primary production.
d. high net primary
production.
a. herbivores.
b. photosynthesizers.
c. omnivores.
d. parasites.
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Thinking Environmentally-2 Answer
CHAPTER 6
Which of the following might be considered
primary stakeholders in an ecosystem?
a. government decision makers
b. scientists studying the ecosystem
c. people living within the ecosystem
d. conservation organizations
Wild Species and
Biodiversity
Active Lecture Questions
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Review Question-1 Answer
Review Question-2 Answer
The natural species of living things are
collectively referred to as
When a species or organism provides some
benefit to another, it is considered to have
______; when the species or organism has
value for its own sake, it is considered to have
______.
a. biota.
b. abiota.
c. symbiota.
d. bopota.
a. intrinsic value; instrumental value
b. instrumental value; intrinsic value
c. intrinsic value; economic value
d. economic value; instrumental value
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Review Question-3 Answer
Review Question-4 Answer
Habitat destruction that leaves only small
patches of natural habitat is considered
a. invasion.
b. conversion.
c. intrusion.
d. fragmentation.
A critical element in the protecting of species is
______, which is the cataloging of species and
the naming of new ones.
a. ethnobotany
b. taxonomy
c. aquaculture
d. biodiversity
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Review Question-5 Answer
Interpreting Graphs and Data-1 Answer
The ______ List uses a set of criteria to
evaluate the risk of extinction for thousands of
species throughout the world.
According to Fig. 6-5, what percentage of U.S.
species of plants and animals are considered to
be at risk of extinction?
a. Red
b. Yellow
c. Green
d. Rainbow
a. approximately 33%
b. approximately 55%
c. approximately 67%
d. approximately 92%
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-2 Answer
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Thinking Environmentally-1 Answer
According to Fig. 6-20, the United States has
one biodiversity hot spot; it is called
In 1900, U.S. Congress passed the ______ Act
to prevent interstate commerce in illegally
traded wildlife.
a. Caucasus.
b. Micronesia.
c. California
Floristic Province.
d. Cape Floristic
Region.
a. Endangered Species
b. Magnuson
c. Lacey
d. Threatened and Endangered Species
Recovery
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Thinking Environmentally-2 Answer
Which of the following was not a major
recommendation of the UN Global Biodiversity
Assessment for the protection of biodiversity?
a. reform policies that lead to declines in
biodiversity
b. address the needs of people who live
near biodiversity hotspots
c. reduce conservation at the landscape level
d. promote more research on biodiversity
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CHAPTER 7
The Use and
Restoration of
Ecosystems
Active Lecture Questions
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Review Question-1 Answer
Review Question-2 Answer
Which of the following is NOT a natural service
provided by ecosystems?
a. modification of climate
b. maintenance of the hydrologic cycle
c. erosion control and soil building
d. production of pollutants
The highest possible rate of use that a system
can match with its own rate of replacement or
maintenance is the
a. extractive limit.
b. optimum yield.
c. wise-use threshold.
d. maximum sustainable yield.
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Review Question-4 Answer
Review Question-3 Answer
The aim of conservation is to
The main difference between consumptive and
productive use is
a. preserve the environment in a pristine state.
b. actively manage the environment for
optimum resource extraction.
c. ensure the continuity of the system,
regardless of its potential utility.
d. fragment the system for human use.
a. consumptive use is applied to secondary consumers,
whereas productive is applied to producers.
b. consumptive use is applied to bacteria, whereas
productive use is applied to primary consumers.
c. consumptive use refers to the use of natural
systems for basic human needs, while productive
use implies use for economic gain.
d. consumptive use refers to the value of an organism
to humans, whereas productive use is based on the
value of the organism in and of itself.
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Review Question-5 Answer
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-1 Answer
___________ refers to the problems that arise
when the exploitation of common pool
resources causes the eventual ruin of the
resource.
a. Shakespearean tragedy
b. Conservation pooling
c. Tragedy of the commons
d. Restoration pooling
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According to Fig. 7-6, when a population is at
carrying capacity,
a. yield is reduced by
competition.
b. maximum sustainable
yield is possible.
c. yield is reduced by
decreased population
sizes.
d. recruitment is low.
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Interpreting Graphs and Data-2 Answer
Thinking Environmentally-1 Answer
According to Fig. 7-14, between 1960 and 2006
the world’s total fish harvest was
Which of the following is the current major
cause of deforestation of the tropics?
a. in decline year
after year.
b. increasing year
after year.
c. staying approximately
the same.
d. fluctuating dramatically.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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conversion to pastures and agriculture
conversion to municipalities
restoration of plantations
all of the above
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Thinking Environmentally-2 Answer
Fishers are currently prohibited from hunting
large whales under the __________ Act.
a. Marine Reserves
b. Endangered Species
c. Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation
and Management Reauthorization
d. Wild Species Restoration
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