Agriculture Organiza/on Model ¿Who and where is « the farmer « in Argen/na? Roberto Bisang IIEP (UBA/CONICET) – UNTREF AGRICULTURE DE FIRME. IdenBﬁcaBon-‐CharacterizaBon – AGRIFIRME RESEARCH PROJETC Ecole NaBonale Superieure Agronomique de Touluose December 11 -‐12 2014 Road Map Key Ques.on Organiza.on model and territory Recent performance of argenBne agriculture OrganizaBon: the ongoing model Impacts on territorial issues 2008/09 2005/06 2002/03 1999/00 1996/97 1993/94 1990/91 1987/88 1984/85 1981/82 1978/79 1975/76 1972/73 1969/70 1966/67 1963/64 1960/61 1957/58 1954/55 1951/52 1948/49 1945/46 1942/43 1939/40 1936/37 1933/34 1930/31 1927/28 1924/25 1921/22 1918/19 1915/16 1912/13 1909/10 1906/07 1903/04 1900/01 EVOLUTION OF TOTAL GRAIN PRODUCTION. ARGENTINA: 1901-2014 -Mill tons- 100.000.000 80.000.000 GM+0T 60.000.000 Later adopted green revolution 40.000.000 Initial green revolution 20.000.000 22,3 … … 34,2 M Ha 0 TECNOLOGY Public R&D Private Innovators (MNCs y other) Diﬀusion Model Technological package ORGANIZATION APPROACH Structure Agents Behaviors Hierarchies Rules of governance New Enterprises GAVC concept AcumulaBon Multiplier Effect INSTITUCION Demand Changes INTERNATIONAL TRADE New Paradigm OLD QUESTIONS CorporaBve approach Law Enforcement InsBtuBons Localization/Territory NEW ANSWERS? Ver.cal Integra.on in old argen.ne agriculture Critical assets: Land Space of the Production Technical Support TRADE Public Research / diffusion Classification / conditioning Export Farmer owner (Tacit Knowledge) SUPPLIERS Private firms (National and multinational) Public Enterprises Employment (family) MNC´s Domestic firms and Cooperative rental Sub contractors Crushing and other industries Technological package Machines and equipments Productive and Seeds organizational techniques Natural selection Impact on the economy . Low employment rate . Poor RyD performance . Low MulBplier eﬀect . People live in countryside Herbicides Fertilizers (low scale use) Domestic market THE ONGOING MODEL OF AGRICULTURE IN ARGENTINA Technical support Landowners Service Centers by private firms Public R&D Institutions Private nets diffusion COMMERCIALIZATION INPUTS SUBCONTRACTORS (Agreements)) Critical Assets: Land Knowledge Contracts SILO BAG Service DUEÑO With Centers Land Inputs Suppliers (domestic and MNCs) TRADER OPERADOR (Contratista, Without land Pool, otros) (total or partial) ARRENDA TARIO Export CRUSHING AND OTHER INDUSTRIES Domestic Market TÁCITO Machineries (full use and quick amortizations) Cropping care service Seeds ( Hybrids or GM) Impact on the economy • Employment (direct and indirect both) •  High mulBplier • Technical pla`orm •  PosiBve external trade budget • People live around the countryside Herbicides Fertilizers Other SECURITIZATION • Insurance • Commercial cover BUILDING A NEW TECNOLOGICAL PACKAGE Herbicide + FerBlizer Zero Tillage NP Seeds =ConvenBonal GeneBcs+ Biotechnology Eﬀects: Reduce cost Improve yield Less fuel used Improve land use (double crop) Erosion control Sustainability? Easy to handle Biodiversity? Replacement Technology Package Technology package I ConvenBonal drill + Hybrid and convenBonal seeds + Tacit knowledge by farmer + Speciﬁc herbicides + Generic ferBlizer = Late « green » revoluBon Technology package I I Zero Bllage + Hybrid and GM seed + Tacit knowledge by agribusiness ﬁrm, suppliers and other + consociated herbicides + Speciﬁc ferBlizer = The biology revoluBon And next? (what to do?) More grains. Reﬁne the model contract. Seeking the opBmum size. Sharpening the pencil (costless) The technological leap II The environment (soil + climate) is a data and technologies adapted it .... Each batch a case each case a challenge every challenge an ad hoc soluBon. Change sets via a preformaied technological packages. Considering: The soil evolves ... and some areas are weak Weeds "learn" ... and insects too Climate change and added water restricBons ... Adding Value on the grains: Extruded, feedlot, caile, chicken pigs, bio-‐fuels ... Farmers up to a small scale industry …. With common elements Much science, technology and innova.on More hours of "desktop" and less ﬁeld We play networked ... but now players learned Territory and the ongoing model a.  From corn belt to «naBonal» agriculture b.  FronBer expansion c.  The soybean (maize, sorghum, coion) path; …and the caile too d.  The subcontractor path e.  The ongoing small scales industrializaBon MANY THANKS!!! [email protected]