UNDERGRADUATE
COURSES & CAREERS
AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT
SCIENCE
VETERINARY SCIENCE
2015
NATURAL
SCIENCES
HOW TO READ THIS GUIDE
STEP 1 NATURAL SCIENCES AT SYDNEY
This first section contains useful information about how to
make the most of your time at uni. Find out about support
programs for you, opportunities for further study – including
travelling overseas – and much more.
This section is really a taster to get you thinking about your
options and opportunities as a Sydney student.
PAGES 2-9
STEP 2 INDUSTRIES & SECTORS
The question we are most often asked is “What will I do after
I study…?” The answer is complex and often depends on what
you study in your course. To help unlock the mystery around
the question, we have dedicated a section of our prospectus
to help you discover your future career options at Sydney in
the natural sciences. We have showcased a range of industries,
where our graduates are working and listed our courses and
majors as possible pathways to help get you there.
PAGES 10-57
STEP 3 COURSE INDEX
This section provides more information about our courses, the
admission requirements, assumed knowledge and the majors
or specialisations available to you. Remember a course is the
structure within which your subjects and ultimately your major
will sit.
PAGES 58-67
STEP 4 MAJORS
Here you will find out more about the major or specialisation
options available and how you get to study them from first year
through to your senior year.
PAGES 68-94
STEP 5 HOW TO APPLY
Our how to apply section has clear step-by-step instructions
about how to apply to study at Sydney. We also have tables
listing the academic requirements for our courses.
PAGES 95-101
STUDY IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES
CAN TAKE YOU ANYWHERE
WHERE DO YOU WANT TO GO?
CONTENTS
NATURAL SCIENCES AT SYDNEY
03 Welcome
04 How you can make the most of uni
06 How you can get more from your course & career
08 Financial support & academic preparation
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS
10 How to use this section
11 A message from Adam Spencer
12 Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries
14 Astronomy
16 Biotechnology
18 Business, Management & Consultancy
20 Conservation
22 Education & Training
24 Finance, Banking & Insurance
26 Food & Agribusiness
28 Government, Defence & Legal
30 Health & Community
32 IT, Communications & Technology
34 Materials
36 Media, Marketing & Communications
38 Medical
40 Mining & Resources
42 NGOs & International Development
44 Psychology
46 Research
48 Sport Science
50 Sustainability
52 Tomorrow’s Technologies
54 Veterinary & Animal Industries
56 Water
COURSE INDEX
58 How to use this section
60 Bachelor of Agricultural Economics
60 Bachelor of Animal & Veterinary Bioscience
61 Bachelor of Environmental Systems
61 Bachelor of Food & Agribusiness
62 Bachelor of Liberal Arts & Science
62 Bachelor of Medical Science
63 Bachelor of Psychology
63 Bachelor of Resource Economics
64 Bachelor of Science
64 Bachelor of Science (Advanced)
65 Bachelor of Science (Advanced Mathematics)
65 Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
66 Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Arts
66 Bachelor of Science/Master of Nutrition & Dietetics
67 Science/Medicine
67 Bachelor of Veterinary Biology/
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
MAJORS
68 How to use this section
70 Agribusiness
70 Agricultural Chemistry
71 Agricultural Economics
72 Agricultural Genetics
73 Agricultural Systems
74 Agronomy
74 Anatomy & Histology
75 Animal & Veterinary Bioscience
75 Biochemistry
76 Bioinformatics
76 Biology
77 Cell Pathology
77 Chemistry
78 Computer Science
79 Entomology
79 Environmental Studies
80 Environmetrics
80 Farming Systems
81 Financial Mathematics & Statistics
81 Food Science
82 Geography
82 Geology & Geophysics
83 History & Philosophy of Science
83 Horticulture
84 Immunobiology
84 Information Systems
85 Livestock Production
85 Marine Science
86 Mathematics
86 Medicinal Chemistry
87 Microbiology
87 Molecular Biology & Genetics
88 Nanoscience & Technology
88 Natural Terrestrial Systems
89 Neuroscience
89 Nutrition & Metabolism
90 Pharmacology
90 Physics
91 Physiology
91 Plant Pathology
92 Plant Science
92 Psychology
93 Soil Science
94 Statistics
94 Veterinary Science
HOW TO APPLY
95 How to use this section
96 Domestic students
98 International students
1002014 Domestic student academic entry requirements
101 Important dates
THE NATURAL SCIENCES AT SYDNEY
AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT
SCIENCE
VETERINARY SCIENCE
3
WELCOME
Professor Mark Adams,
Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture and Environment
Professor Trevor Hambley,
Dean of the Faculty of Science
Are you going to be a scientist or
science-based professional in the
21st century? Or are you looking to
undertake a course in the sciences as
a highly valuable foundation for a vast
array of other careers? We must play a
key role in the sustainable development
of our planet and our society. As our
energy sources change we must
tackle the problems of conservation
and development of new and existing
sources. These exciting disciplines
seek to prevent and cure diseases, and
are critical for understanding human
behaviour, natural resources and
ecosystems.
Veterinary Science is also mindful of
the need to respond to the changing
needs of the Australian community
and country. Knowledge in the
broad area of veterinary science and
animal bioscience is expanding at a
tremendous rate, and it is important
to have access to information on new
diseases and animal related topics not
only in Australia but internationally as
well.
In a similar vein, the agricultural and
environmental sector is moving with
these interesting and challenging
times. Global demographics and
consumer trends indicate that we will
need to double food production in
the next 20 years using less land and
water available for agriculture than at
present. Agriculture and Environment
is addressing this challenge through
research and training of graduates
trained in science and economics who
will provide leadership in ensuring
food security and sustainable natural
resource management.
Who could have foreseen the advances
in these areas that occurred during
the last hundred years? There have
been revolutions in technologies
such as nanoscience and optics and
our understanding of environmental
management or genes and molecular
biology. These have followed ongoing
advances in atomic physics, chemistry,
mathematics, and the geosciences.
In the coming decades we will
continue to see (as yet unimaginable)
developments in these areas and new
fields will come to light. A training in
the sciences involves you, not only
in acquiring this new knowledge, but
also in applying findings to improve
our world, and using critical reasoning
and problem-solving to use knowledge
wisely.
Professor Rosanne Taylor,
Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Science
Well-trained, critical and creative
graduates will be increasingly valued in
our society. The University of Sydney
is a world leader in scientific and
economic research and our researchled teaching programs are of the
highest standard. We offer courses
that cover a range of specialist options
as well as broad science programs
with in-built flexibility to suit you if you
have not yet settled on your preferred
area of interest. In either case, your
first year will involve a broad-based
introduction in which you will be
encouraged to develop your own
interests. This approach of combining a
knowledge of fundamentals with later
specialist training is recognised widely
as the best available.
We also offer courses at a variety of
levels to suit your needs - whether you
wish to develop a basic foundation in
the sciences or are seeking a challenge
in our Advanced and Talented Student
Programs (TSP). We hope you will
choose to study in the natural sciences
with us at Sydney, in an institution that
has wonderful staff, an outstanding
teaching and research base, and
many of the best courses available in
Australia.
Mark Adams, Trevor Hambley and
Rosanne Taylor
4
“The Transition Program is a chance to hear
engaging student perspectives on how
university works. I was so inspired by those
mentoring me in first year, that I became
a mentor to share my experiences with
commencing students.”
ISAAC CARNEY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ADVANCED), THIRD YEAR STUDENT
A great addition
to our transition
program is the
SLAM Lunches.
HOW YOU
CAN MAKE
THE MOST
OF UNI
Ever worried about
what uni is like?
Or scared that
you’re no longer the
big fish?
Don’t stress!
At Sydney, our uni experience is not
only academic. We know (from lots of
research) that the more engaged you
are with extracurricular activities the
more comfortable you are whilst you’re
here. And you meet a great group of
new friends.
With that in mind, here are a few things
you should check out once you start.
FIRST YEAR SCIENCE TRANSITION
PROGRAM
In science, we are a very large
community. The transition program
allows you to meet lots of other
friendly science students before you
begin your studies as well as in your
first weeks of university. The transition
program consists of the science
students’ workshop and SLAM lunches
with senior students.
http://sydney.edu.au/science/
cstudent/ug/student_experience/
firstyear_transition_program
The science students’ workshop is a
one-day event in late February (just
before semester starts) and is an
opportunity to meet with students
who will be in your classes and get
valuable advice on what to expect at
uni. There’s even a special session for
your parents to talk to them about the
uni, how we work and advice on how
to support you through your studies.
A great addition to our transition
program is the SLAM lunches. It’s a
chance to get together with our senior
students who are there to answer your
questions, provide support and point
you in the right direction during your
first weeks at uni.
AGRICULTURE & VETERINARY
SCIENCE ORIENTATION
PROGRAMS
The Faculty of Agriculture and
Environment runs a dedicated
orientation program where you can
meet current students and staff. The
program is held over two days allowing
you time to visit our campuses to see
all the facilities you will be using during
your time with us.
GENERAL INFORMATION
VETERINARY SCIENCE SOLE PROGRAM
The Sydney Orientation and Leadership Experience (SOLE)
is an interactive orientation and leadership program for
members of the Faculty of Veterinary Science. Incoming
students participate in orientation and leadership activities
led by senior students and staff members. It is a chance to
meet new friends and develop leadership skills in a relaxed
learning environment before classes start for the year.
STUDENT SOCIETIES
Student societies play a big role in student life at Sydney.
There are so many to choose from! There’s one to suit every
student – whether you like chess, chocolate, juggling or
something a little more academic there is a society of people
waiting for you.
The faculty-wide societies are:
AgSoc – is an undergraduate society that organises a
number of formal functions including a ball and dinner,
together with barbecues, wine tastings, harbour cruises and
even sports teams for interfaculty sports competitions.
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture/about_us/clubs_
societies/agricultural_society.shtml
SciSoc – provides the perfect environment for meeting
other science students (there are thousands of them!),
socialising and making new friends. There’s fortnightly
lunchtime BBQs on campus, a fortnightly publication (Aqua
Regia) for news on cutting edge science and upcoming
socials, trivia and movie nights, debates and cocktail parties,
and The Bucky Ball.
http://sydney.edu.au/science/cstudent/ug/student_
experience/scisoc
Student societies
play a big role
in student life at
Sydney. There are
so many to choose
from!
5
Science Revue – was established in 2005 to showcase the
creative talents of the students of the Faculty of Science.
A revue is a variety show with skits, music and dance based
around contemporary news and issues, university life and
the faculty on which it is based. A comic science-based
theme is chosen each year for the show – last year’s was
“How We Built a Time Machine and Ruined Everything”.
www.sciencerevue.org
VetSoc – is a student activity society on campus that runs
a number of events each year including the Spring Carnival
Keg, the Rubix Cube Keg, the Vet Cruise and a third year
half way dinner. The annual publication, The Centaur,
showcases the events and highlights of the year.
http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience/vetsoc
6
There are so many
options available to you
at Sydney. You don’t
need to know what you
want to do from day one.
HOW YOU CAN
GET MORE
FROM YOUR
COURSE &
CAREER
At Sydney we offer a number of
programs and options that will really
add value to your course and career
prospects.
There are a number of events and
academic options available to you:
JUMPSTART YOUR SCIENCE
CAREER
An event where academics and
industry leaders come together to
talk about a range of careers available
in different sectors – and how to
get there. There are also built-in
networking sessions where you can
network with prospective employers
and also seek advice on your career
trajectory (or path).
http://sydney.edu.au/science/career/
events
STUDY OVERSEAS
Ever thought about travelling
overseas? Why not study overseas?
Get a valuable international experience
whilst earning your degree! We have
over 250 exchange partners in 30
countries to choose from. In science,
there is also a $5,000 scholarship to
help you get there.
An international exchange gives
your education a global flavour, can
enhance your academic opportunities
and develop an international network,
improve your language skills and
cultural understanding in addition to
personal development opportunities.
http://sydney.edu.au/current_
students/student_exchange/
“I spent my Honours year researching
livelihood, education and migration
choices on a remote island in Vanuatu.
It was a fantastic opportunity to apply
my interest in development geography
in the field and to gain an insight
into the academic world – it was a
challenging and enjoyable culmination
to my undergraduate experience.”
KATHERINE WILSON
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ADVANCED MATHEMATICS) &
BACHELOR OF ARTS (HONOURS 1), 2010
UNIVERSITY MEDAL IN GEOGRAPHY
ASSOCIATE, THE BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP
fstudent/undergrad/tsp
HONOURS
Honours is a widely recognised and
highly regarded additional year of
undergraduate study. It provides you
with a unique opportunity to explore
your research potential by designing an
independent project and producing a
thesis of your work.
Some of our courses include an
embedded Honours year, like our
Bachelor of Psychology and Bachelor
of Agricultural Economics.
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture/
future_postgraduates/honours.shtml
http://sydney.edu.au/science/
cstudent/ug/course/honours
SCIENCE TALENTED STUDENT
PROGRAM (TSP)
The TSP offers you the opportunity
to maximise your intellectual growth
and potential through greater
course flexibility, undergraduate
research opportunities, networking
opportunities and an academic mentor
to provide advice and direction. There
are also opportunities to accelerate
your study. Entry is by invitation from
the Dean of Science, and is based
on achieving an Australian Tertiary
Admission Rank (ATAR) of 99 or above
and excellent results in HSC Science or
Mathematics subjects.
TSP Coordinator,
Associate Professor Tony Masters
anthony.masters@http://sydney.edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/science/
ADVANCED UNITS OF STUDY
If you’re really interested in the
sciences, and think you’ll get a high
ATAR or IB result, the Bachelor of
Science (Advanced) is a unique
program that allows you to study most
majors at a higher level. Even studying
combined science with another course
gives you this opportunity.
We also try to be flexible, so anyone
interested in studying these advanced
units is able to – as long as you meet
the academic criteria.
8
FINANCIAL
SUPPORT &
ACADEMIC
PREPARATION
As a prospective student
there are a number of
things you should consider
when choosing where to
study. They include financial
support options, academic
preparation and intensive
programs, and student
services.
PRIZES & SCHOLARSHIPS
The University of Sydney offers
more than 500 scholarships to
undergraduate students every year!
There are lots of different types of
scholarships for both Australian and
international students – academic
merit, access, leadership, sports and
many more.
In addition to the university-wide
scholarships our division also offers
a range of scholarships. The Faculty
of Agriculture and Environment offer
two unique sustainability scholarships
- Environmental Sustainability and
Rural Sustainability - aimed at helping
students who may find the financial
constraints a barrier to uni study.
Scholarships office:
T +61 2 8627 8450
E scholarships.reception@http://sydney.
edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/scholarships
BRIDGING COURSES
Are you concerned that you haven’t
completed the correct subjects at
school? Or that it’s been a while since
you studied and you might be a little
rusty? In the sciences, we know that
a number of our students don’t feel
that they have the foundation for
tertiary science so we run a suite of
bridging courses - biology, chemistry,
mathematics and physics - just prior to
the start of semester one (February).
http://sydney.edu.au/science/
fstudent/undergrad/entry/bridging
ACADEMIC SUPPORT SERVICES
We recognise that uni can be quite
different to school and sometimes you
might need some academic support.
Sydney has a number of services
including: the Learning Centre (writing
essays); Mathematics Learning Centre
and the libraries (academic support
programs).
SUMMER SCHOOL
Sydney Summer School is an intensive
study period - similar to a semester,
but much more concentrated - which
provides you with an opportunity to
catch up on required units.
STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES
At Sydney we want to ensure you
are supported, and we don’t just
mean academically. We offer a range
of services including: Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander student support;
accommodation information service;
careers centre; childcare; chaplains;
counselling and psychological services;
disability services; financial assistance,
scholarships and student safety.http://
sydney.edu.au/current_students/
student_services
“The Merit Scholarship has meant
that time usually spent working
has been spent studying or
enjoying the uni lifestyle and extra
activities outside of Sydney Uni.
That, together with the practical
placements and guidance, has
provided an easy transition and
really added to my overall student
experience.”
ROBERT SLATER
4TH YEAR BACHELOR OF
RESOURCE ECONOMICS
STUDENT
INDUSTRIES &
SECTORS
10
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
HOW TO USE THIS SECTION:
Many students want to know what career
they can pursue once they graduate.
The following 46 pages will show just
some of the possibilities that are available
to you.
A MESSAGE FROM
ADAM SPENCER,
BROADCASTER,
COMEDIAN, MEDIA
PERSONALITY &
MATHEMATICIAN
What an amazing time to be studying science at
one of the world’s great universities!
Science has always been at the centre of
humanity’s struggle to understand our world and,
where possible, make it a better place, but never
has the rate of scientific advancement been as
rapid – and I’d suggest as exciting – as it is now.
At the University of Sydney you will learn from
the best and the most committed thinkers in
their field and you will do so surrounded by other
students equally keen to soak up everything their
teachers have to offer. Science takes a bright
young mind and arms it with rigour, analytic skill
and incredible insights into the world around us.
What a heady cocktail of abilities to carry with
you for life.
You’ll be able to use these skills gained through
your science studies in a huge range of careers,
including science research, policy making,
commerce, journalism, politics, law, education and
entrepreneurship.
On a personal note I’m particularly thrilled
about 2014. I’ve signed on as Ambassador for
Mathematics and Science at the place where
I completed my honours degree; a time of my
life that I enjoyed immensely and which still
profoundly affects my working life today.
Staring at the stars and unraveling the mysteries
of the cosmos, creating new materials that may
soon become commonplace, feeding our hungry
world in novel ways – who knows where your
science degree from Sydney will take you. But
one thing I can assure you: if you throw yourself
into the next few years with a desire to learn and
a want to better yourself, it will be an experience
you will never forget.
I can’t wait to share it with you.
Adam Spencer,
Ambassador for Mathematics and Science at
the University of Sydney
12
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY
& FISHERIES
“You are learning across disciplines and how they stitch
together, to help provide solutions to big problems.”
PROFESSOR IAN CHUBB, AUSTRALIA’S CHIEF SCIENTIST
If you want to help solve the world’s
problems and be guaranteed a job,
then you can’t go past the exciting
field of agricultural science. As a
graduate of agricultural science, you’ll
be addressing the most important
challenges facing us today: the supply
of food, water, and energy in the face
of a changing climate.
Graduates in this field are in such high
demand that there are six jobs for
every agricultural science graduate in
Australia. You could be working in an
agricultural company or as a research
scientist here and overseas. You
could be employed with a commodity
group, bank, local and international
agribusiness, and government
department. You could work as
an advisor, economist, scientist,
teacher, trader, in policy, and as a
communicator. You might be pioneering
emerging areas like carbon trading and
water trading, and managing Australia’s
natural resources.
Agriculture is a mainstay of the nation,
generating commodities with a gross
value of nearly $50 billion annually,
providing 12 to 15 per cent of the
country’s exports. Today, Australia is a
world-leading exporter of commodities
such as wheat, beef, wine and wool.
We are also a significant exporter of
agricultural science expertise and
technology, and our farmers are world
leaders in their efficiency and adoption
of technology.
Despite the drought, agriculture has
remained a thriving sector of the
economy. While other areas of the
economy struggle with productivity,
agriculture has continued to
relentlessly increase in productivity,
due in large part to the nation’s highlyskilled agricultural scientists and allied
professionals, and the investment in
research and development.
But agriculture is coming under
increasing pressure to produce more
food and fibre in a more sustainable
way. That means using less water,
less energy, less land, fewer additional
nutrients and producing fewer
greenhouse gases while farmers
act as stewards of the land and its
biodiversity.
Australia will face degradation of arable land, urban
sprawl, changing temperature and rainfall patterns and the country cannot afford to be without people
who have the expertise to help it adapt.
Jim Pratley, from the Australian
Council of Deans of Agriculture,
says agriculture has always been
complex, but in the 21st century the
degree of complexity has intensified.
He says farmers and their advisors
face increasing challenges including
managing climate variability and
drought, landscape sustainability and
native vegetation, and playing a role
in the carbon economy. This complex
landscape means that studying
agricultural science is now even more
challenging and exciting.
Australia’s Chief Scientist, Professor
Ian Chubb, agrees that agricultural
science is an interesting, broadlybased degree. “You are not learning
in substantial detail the facts of one
particular discipline, you are learning
across disciplines and how they stitch
together, to help provide solutions to
big problems.”
He says those big inter-disciplinary
problems include food, irrigation and
climate change.
Professor Chubb says Australia will
face changing circumstances –
degradation of arable land, urban
sprawl, changing temperature and
rainfall patterns – and the country
cannot afford to be without people
who have the expertise to help it
adapt.
He also points out that Australia has
traditionally played a substantial role
in helping feed many millions around
the world, a role that will be critically
important as the world’s population
increases. Australia currently produces
enough food to help feed around 60
million people, and contributes to the
diet of as many as 400 million people
through the export of its agricultural
science and technology.
But Professor Chubb worries that
Australia is at risk of losing its
agricultural capacity. In 2010 there
were just 743 graduates in agricultural
science but over 4,500 agricultural
science jobs were advertised.
Professor Chubb says Australia has an
international reputation for excellence
in agricultural research, which
drives improvements in agricultural
productivity, reduces poverty and
has an important role in meeting the
challenge of global food security. He
argues our agricultural talents and skills
are critical to Australia retaining its
position “as a responsible global citizen
with an influence in world affairs.”
GRADUATE PROFILE: ANDREW MCDONALD
Export Sales Manager, Nippon Meat Packers
When Andrew McDonald applied for his job as an
international beef trader with Nippon Meat Packers, he
says the job description “pretty much ticked every box of
what I did at university and what I liked”.
Andrew studied for a Bachelor of Agricultural Economics
between 1998 and 2001. He was interested in an
economics and business-based degree, “but I also had an
interest in dealing more in tangible goods and the country
side of things”.
He enjoyed the professional placements during his studies.
“I worked in a winery, a macadamia farm, a dairy farm, as
well as touring the Murray River Basin. You get to learn a
lot and get some hands-on experience.”
Academically, his focus was on economics, international
trade and marketing “and I walked into a job where I am
internationally marketing Australian products.” Nippon Meat
Packers exports beef products to 34 countries.
Andrew thinks studying agricultural economics gave him
an advantage. “There are probably 10,000 students a year
graduating with a business degree, whereas there is only
50 or 60 coming out with an agricultural economics degree
in NSW. You automatically differentiate yourself, which is a
good thing.”
“If you were looking for a wide and
varied suite of career options, then in
many respects the approach that is
taken in a lot of agricultural sciences
is the sort of approach that opens
opportunities for you,” Professor
Chubb says.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Institute of Agricultural
Science and Technology (also known
as Ag Institute Australia)
–– Australian Agricultural and Resource
Economics Society
–– Agribusiness Association of Australia
–– The Economic Society of Australia
–– Australian Society of Horticultural
Science
–– The Australia New Zealand Society of
Ecological Economics
Accreditation schemes
It is not necessary to register for
accreditation to work as an agricultural
scientist, consultant or economist.
The Ag Institute Australia, together
with the Australian Association of
Agricultural Consultants, runs an
accreditation scheme, AgCredited. It is
available to all agricultural and natural
resource management professionals.
Statistics
–– Agriculture and the related food and
beverage manufacturing companies
employ 536,000 directly, with 27,000
working in agricultural support
industries.
Average salaries
–– Agricultural industry:
$75,000-80,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
(p60)
–– B Environmental Systems (p61)
–– B Food and Agribusiness (61)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Our majors
–– Agricultural Systems (p73)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Environmental Studies (p79)
–– Farming Systems (p80)
–– Food Science (p81)
–– Geography (p82)
–– Geology and Geophysics (p82)
–– Livestock Production (p85)
–– Marine Science (p85)
–– Natural Terrestrial Systems (p88)
–– Soil Science (p93)
14
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
ASTRONOMY
“The best thing about a career in astronomy is that
there’s never any danger of getting bored or of running
out of things to work on.”
PROFESSOR BRYAN GAENSLER, DIRECTOR OF THE ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR
ALL-SKY ASTROPHYSICS
Discovering how stars change
as they age, unravelling how the
universe began and is evolving, and
investigating black holes are just some
of the amazing topics astronomers
tackle in their jobs. Probing our
universe and revealing its fundamental
features is a key area of scientific
research – and it’s remarkable how
much is yet to be understood.
Australia has a strong astronomy
industry, with astronomers working at
observatories, universities, research
organisations such as the CSIRO, and
museums. Australian astronomers
produce internationally acclaimed
research and run world-class facilities.
The future of astronomy in Australia is
exciting, with our nation being one of
two countries chosen to co-host the
Square Kilometre Array – a multi-billion
dollar facility that will be the most
powerful telescope ever built. Many
Australian astronomers are eminent
leaders in the field, including Brian
Schmidt who won the Nobel Prize in
Physics in 2011 for the discovery of the
accelerating expansion of the Universe
through observations of distant
supernovae.
“The best thing about a career in
astronomy is that there’s never any
danger of getting bored or of running
out of things to work on. What we
know about the Universe is completely
dwarfed by all the things we don’t
GRADUATE PROFILE: PETER EDMONDS
Press Scientist, Chandra X-Ray Centre, Cambridge, USA
Peter Edmonds has a stellar career – working in astronomy
means he deals with stars every day! After majoring in
physics and doing Honours research in astronomy, followed
by PhD research searching for pulsations from stars, Peter
moved to the US for his first postdoctoral fellowship and has
been there since.
He now works at the Chandra X-ray Centre in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, which operates NASA’s flagship mission for
X-ray astronomy. The Chandra X-ray Observatory orbits the
Earth and detects X-ray emissions from very hot regions of
the Universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies,
and matter around black holes.
“As Press Scientist for Chandra, my job involves searching
for the most exciting and important research that is being
done with Chandra. I help produce press releases, press
conferences and graphics to explain this research,” said
Peter.
“I enjoy this work because I’m learning all the time and
because we have the ability to reach – and hopefully intrigue
and inspire – large numbers of people.”
Peter decided to pursue a career in astronomy after an
inspiring talk given by Lawrence Cram, then head of
astrophysics at the University of Sydney, to his third year
physics class.
“As an astronomer, I have worked with data from two of
the greatest observatories mankind has built, the Chandra
X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope. It’s
the only field where you can say, without a trace of irony or
exaggeration, that the sky’s the limit!”
Australian astronomers
produce internationally
acclaimed research and run
world class facilities such
as the Australia Telescope
Compact Array (right).
know. When I wake up each morning, I
can never predict what surprising new
thing I might discover that day,” says
Professor Bryan Gaensler, Director
of the ARC Centre of Excellence for
All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) and
based in the School of Physics at the
University of Sydney.
“Australia has a very healthy and
rapidly growing astronomy community,
which has established itself as one
of the world leaders in the field.
Our particular strengths are both
in traditional optical astronomy and
in radio astronomy,” says Professor
Gaensler.
“Some of the most powerful radio
telescopes in the world are in NSW
and in WA, while our astronomers are
world-renowned for their innovation
and technical brilliance in building
cutting-edge cameras and other
instrumentation for the world’s biggest
optical telescopes around the globe.”
Most astronomers have science
degrees with a major in physics or
specifically in astronomy. Graduates
with computer science, mathematics
and engineering majors are also
employed in the astronomy industry.
“There are lots of exciting
developments in astronomy in
Australia. In optical astronomy, a new
telescope called SkyMapper, based
near Coonabarabran, has begun to
take data. SkyMapper is providing a
spectacular new way of looking at
the sky by covering huge swathes of
space in just a few minutes, allowing us
to discover rare and dramatic events
that have not previously been known
about,” says Professor Gaensler.
Australia is also a 10 per cent partner
in the Giant Magellan Telescope – a
project to build an enormous new
observatory in Chile, to begin taking
data in 2018.
“In radio astronomy, parts of the
Square Kilometre Array are going to be
built in outback Western Australia and
Australian astronomers have already
built some cutting-edge prototype
telescopes on that site to demonstrate
the superb ‘radio quietness’ of this
part of the country and to showcase
our technical innovation. The
Square Kilometre Array will answer
fundamental questions about dark
matter, dark energy and the origin of
life,” says Professor Gaensler.
A rapidly growing new area
in Australian astronomy is
supercomputing. Astronomers are now
turning on some of the world’s most
powerful supercomputers, designed
to perform massive simulations of
the entire Universe, and to process
unprecedented amounts of data from
new telescopes.
Australia’s position as a global leader in
astronomy, coupled with the exciting
equipment and developments in
research, means that for graduates
entering the field, the sky really is the
limit in what you might discover.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Astronomical Society of Australia
–– Astronomy Australia Ltd
Statistics
–– Australia has invested more than
$400 million in the last few years in
both innovative wide-field telescopes
and the powerful computers needed
to process the resulting torrents of
data.
–– 16 professional observatories are run
in Australia, which host numerous
telescopes.
Average salary $79,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
(p65)
Our majors
–– Computer Science (p78)
–– Mathematics (p86)
–– Physics (p90)
16
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
BIOTECHNOLOGY
“The promise of biotechnologies that are now within our
reach to enhance and extend our lives is astounding.”
DR ANNA LAVELLE, CEO OF AUSBIOTECH
Biotechnology combines biology and
technology to produce new products.
It harnesses the distinct functions
of living cells – from simple bacteria
and yeasts, to complex organisms
like plants and animals – in order to
improve our lives and the health of the
planet.
Biotechnology is an ancient art as well
as a modern science. For thousands
of years people have used biological
processes to make food products,
such as bread, cheese, wine and
beer, and to preserve dairy products.
Today, biotechnology is used in
human therapeutics, the agriculture
sector, food technology, and medical
devices and diagnostics. It also plays
an important role in producing clean
technologies including recycling and
renewable energy.
Dr Anna Lavelle, CEO of AusBiotech,
Australia’s biotechnology industry
organisation, says that biotechnology
is a global industry of the future.
“The promise of biotechnologies that
are now within our reach to enhance
and extend our lives is astounding,”
GRADUATE PROFILE: MATTHEW QUEK
Account Manager, Bio-Rad Laboratories
Matthew Quek completed a Bachelor of Science (Honours) at the
University of Sydney, and sees first hand how exciting the applications
of biotechnology can be. “Undergrad science is obviously the solid
foundation to any future career in biotechnology. But what sets
biotechnology apart from other disciplines is how applied it can be.
Biotechnology is all about bringing scientific research to the fore and
using discoveries to benefit society as a whole. It is this process of
idea conception to realising its application in the real world that makes
biotechnology truly exciting and unique.”
Matthew says that studying science at Sydney gave him the essential
problem solving and critical thinking skills that can really be applied to
any career path. “Since these skills are so widely applicable, the career
opportunities are many and varied. Many of my friends interested in
biotechnology went on to do PhDs while others moved into industry
sales, market consulting or teaching.”
After completing his Honours year Matthew moved straight into
industry, and now works as an account manager for the diagnostics
division of Bio-Rad Laboratories, a company that supplies diagnostic
products to hospitals and private pathology laboratories.
Matthew found that the people he met and the overall atmosphere
at the University of Sydney made it a wonderful place to be. “I’m sure
it’s been said before, but university isn’t just about the study, it’s an
experience. The friends you make contribute as much to your education
as the lecturers. The great thing I found at Sydney was that I was able
to balance study with taking part in a range of sports and social clubs. I
would highly recommend any future students to get involved with this
side of uni life, as it’s extremely rewarding.”
Employment opportunities exist in new biotechnology
companies as well as in existing industries that are
incorporating new biotechnologies into their operations.
she says. Jobs in the biotechnology
industry are diverse, highly skilled
and well paid. The interdependence
of business and science is creating
a growing industry. According to
Dr Lavelle, “People with both an
understanding of the bio-sciences
and business are in high demand.
There are jobs in laboratories, clinical
trial applications, policy and business
development roles for people with
biosciences training, just to name a
few.”
Australia is the leading location for
biotechnology companies in the
Asia-Pacific. Additionally, there are
many thousands more jobs in the
agricultural and industrial biotechnology
sectors. This means that there has
never been a better time for science
graduates to enter the field of
biotechnology and to seize the wealth
of career opportunities that exist. As
in many other science-related fields,
postgraduate qualifications are highly
beneficial and often essential.
A sample of the career opportunities in
biotechnology-related fields is outlined
below:
–– Agricultural scientist: studies
agricultural productivity and food
safety, explores ways to improve crop
yield, control pests and weeds and
conserve soil and water; potentially
investigates the use of agricultural
products for fuels
–– Biotechnologist/life scientist: tests
and analyses biological compounds
that can be transformed into products
such as medicines
–– Environmental scientist: analyses
measurements of air, food, water and
soil to determine the best methods to
clean and preserve the environment
and minimise health hazards
–– Food technologist/food scientist:
works on quality, safety and
innovation of foods, e.g. analysing the
nutritional and chemical content of
food products, developing methods
for the preservation of freshness,
altering the characteristics of foods
–– Research and development
officer/scientist: plans, designs
and coordinates research and
development for specific programs;
may be involved in developing
systems and trials to refine and
optimise operations or products
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– AusBiotech
–– The Royal Australian Chemical
Institute
–– The Australian Society for
Microbiology
Statistics
–– Over 1,500 biotechnology companies
in Australia.
–– Over 40,000 jobs in Australian
biotechnology and pharmaceuticals
sector.
–– Additional 10,000 jobs in the medical
technology sector.
Average salaries
–– Life scientist: $80,000
–– Science technician: $80,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
(p60)
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Our majors
–– Biochemistry (p75)
–– Bioinformatics (p76)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Cell Pathology (p77)
–– Chemistry (p77)
–– Mathematics (p86)
–– Microbiology (p87)
–– Nanoscience and Technology (p88)
–– Physics (p90)
Biotechnology is used
everywhere, from medical
diagnostics to food technology.
18
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT &
CONSULTANCY
“Science graduates, especially with postgraduate
qualifications, gain the fundamental skills required to
succeed in the consulting industry.”
NEVILLE BAGOT, MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THIRD HORIZON CONSULTING PARTNERS
For new graduates entering today’s
work force, management is one of
the largest, most varied, and most
interesting areas of work available.
Reduced to its essence, management
is the process of managing people and
resources in businesses. In practice,
careers in management are immensely
varied, and can range from working
one-on-one with individuals (e.g.
as a human resources manager) to
emphasising risk-taking and creative
decision-making (e.g. starting and
owning a business).
With a detailed understanding how
specific management roles differ, you
can pick the management job that best
suits your skills and personality. Do
you love risk? Then entrepreneurship
is the job for you. Are you a visionary
who wants to be a boss today and the
boss’s boss tomorrow? Being a general
manager may fit your personality. Are
you driven by ideas and a strong desire
to have a positive impact on clients?
You might be perfect for management
consultancy.
Consulting allows an individual to work on a range of
problems across diverse industries, building up a strong
skills base.
In fact, the popular field of
management consultancy is a
rewarding career destination for
science graduates. Management
consultancies, according to the
Managing Director of Third Horizon
Consulting Partners, Neville
Bagot, provide expert resources to
organisations to deal with specific
problems that they either don’t have
the skills to deal with themselves, or
simply don’t have enough hands for.
Since consulting is a growing field with
an even brighter future predicted – last
year 35,000 consultants sold $8 billion
of advice in Australia alone, a jump of 5
per cent in revenue – job prospects for
graduates are even better.
Mr Bagot says that anybody who
enjoys being challenged, is resourceful
and has a passion for problem solving
will find management consultancy a
rewarding career. Science graduates,
he says, are definitely part of that pool
and are an important component of
the workforce at Third Horizon, named
in the 2010 BRW Fast 100 List with
offices opening in London and Hong
Kong.
“Science graduates, especially with
postgraduate qualifications, gain the
fundamental skills required to succeed
in the consulting industry, including
analytical and logical reasoning, and
complex data analysis,” he says.
“We’ve currently got a consultant
with a PhD in mathematical biology
helping create the new Transport
for NSW department, and another
consultant who went from studying the
genetics and behaviour of honey bees
to recently helping a large consumer
goods company prepare to purchase
another company.”
Working in consultancy can even be
your launch pad into an entirely new
industry. Mr Bagot says consulting
allows individuals to work on problems
across many industries, building up a
really strong skills base and networks.
“With this strong grounding, people in
management consulting can go on to
choose what industry is best for their
future growth and personal interests,”
he says.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
PATHWAYS
Industry bodies
–– Institute of Management Consultants
–– International Council of Management
Consulting Institutes
–– Australian Institute of Management
–– Australian Institute of Company
Directors
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Psychology (p63)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
(p65)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Government
Resources for starting and growing
your business: www.business.gov.au
Statistics
–– The Australian management
consultancy industry:
employs 35,000 people.
revenue: $8 billion per year
–– The worldwide consulting services
industry generates about $300 billion
in revenue annually.
Average salaries
–– Management consultant:
$125,000
Also see the Faculty of Arts and Social
Sciences and the University of Sydney
Business School.
Our majors
–– Agribusiness (p70)
–– Agricultural Economics (p71)
–– Financial Mathematics and Statistics
(p81)
–– Mathematics (p86)
–– Psychology (p92)
–– Statistics (p94)
Source: MyCareer.com.au
GRADUATE PROFILE: VINCENT LAM
CEO and Founder, AsiaRay
When he started his company 21 years ago, Vincent Lam had no
idea he was doing it in the right place at the right time. As CEO
and founder of one of the largest outdoor advertising agencies in
the Greater China region, AsiaRay, Vincent has grown the company
from its birth in 1993 to the behemoth it is today. With over 500
employees in 31 offices, AsiaRay’s growth will only continue as it is
perfectly poised to ride the wave of China’s flourishing economy.
Vincent’s entrepreneurial journey started at the University of
Sydney, not in business, but with a Bachelor of Science (Honours)
in computer science, which he later followed with a Master of
Commerce at UNSW.
A few years after university, he took the fortuitous opportunity
to work in China at the invitation of a friend. While there, he was
introduced to the parent of another friend, who offered to help
Vincent start a business in advertising. From this small beginning,
Vincent has created a business that is today responsible for the
advertising billboards and light boxes in 30 airports, 6 metro lines
and hundreds of highways and downtown streets in China and Hong
Kong.
Although Vincent’s undergraduate training was in science, he says
the analytical skills learnt during his degree, particularly in Honours,
were indispensible to helping him navigate the mechanics of running
a business. “I learnt how to work independently and how to solve
problems, which has come in use every day of my working life.”
20
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
CONSERVATION
“The role of conservation is really to reverse the
decline in our natural capital.”
ATTICUS FLEMING, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF AUSTRALIAN WILDLIFE CONSERVANCY
Made famous by crusaders like David
Attenborough, Jane Goodal and Steve
Irwin, conservation is the best-known
area within the environmental industry.
A hugely popular sector, conservation is
about preserving habitats, biodiversity
and ecosystems – with a focus on the
biology of the environment.
natural capital. Our flora and fauna are
considered mega diverse and many of
them are found only in this country.
But our record over the last 100 years
in preserving that capital has been
lamentable. The role of conservation
is really to reverse the decline in our
natural capital,” he says.
Australia has more than 9,400 protected
areas – covering nearly 14 per cent of
the country. This large area shows the
important role played by conservation
professionals in managing and
preserving our unique ecosystems.
The biggest employers of conservation
professionals in Australia come from
the public sector. At the largest scale,
Australia’s federal environment body is
the Department of the Environment,
which manages the national Cleaner
Environment Plan. Each state
or territory then has their own
environment department, such as the
NSW Office of Environment & Heritage,
and may also have an Environmental
Protection Authority (EPA) working
Atticus Fleming, Chief Executive of
the Australian Wildlife Conservancy,
stresses the urgency of growing
Australia’s conservation sector.
“Australia has been blessed with
GRADUATE PROFILE: DR ALEX DIMENT
Senior Technical Advisor at Wildlife
Conservation Society, Cambodia
In a remote corner of Tajikistan, a camera trap
captured rare footage of five snow leopards.
The extraordinary photos (top right) were the
result of a biodiversity survey led by Dr Alex
Diment, Senior Technical Advisor at the Wildlife
Conservation Society, Cambodia.
With a conservation career that has taken
him around the world, Alex’s journey began by
majoring in biology at the University of Oxford
followed by a Master of Applied Science at
Sydney. After five years working in Cambodia,
Alex returned to Sydney for a PhD studying
invasive foxes. Here he developed expertise in
camera trapping and genetic analysis, which Alex
says was his “calling card” in winning his current
job. “Being an expert on a particular technique
or species really helps in this industry,” he says.
Despite long hours in the field and frequent
travel – clocking up 100 days away a year –
Alex’s job gives him a sense of excitement
and wonder of the world, and an enormous
satisfaction from doing something worthwhile.
alongside the government. At a
finer scale, there are regional natural
resource management bodies and local
councils who employ people within their
biodiversity sections.
After the public sector, the next
biggest employers are not-for-profit
organisations, the largest of which
include Bush Heritage Australia,
Conservation Volunteers Australia,
Birds Australia and Australian Wildlife
Conservancy.
These government and not-for-profit
organisations employ a variety of
professionals for a wide variety of jobs.
They employ environmental officers to
do proactive work, such as managing
and developing habitats, managing
the coastline, and doing fieldwork to
Australia has more than 9,400 protected areas
– covering nearly 14 per cent of the country.
Rare footage of a snow leopard, photographed
by Dr Alex Diment’s survey group.
assess habitat quality. They also employ
professionals to respond to critical
situations, such as managing threatened
species, rescuing wildlife, and managing
fire.
Working in this sector can also involve
assessing land for biodiversity value
or building development. And not all
conservation roles are outdoors; some
include managing volunteers and
community engagement – a key element
in this popular sector – as well as
staffing visitor centres and headquarter
offices.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
PATHWAYS
Industry bodies
–– Ecological Society of Australia
–– Society for Conservation Biology
–– Conservation Volunteers Australia
–– National Trust of Australia
–– Australian Conservation Foundation
Our courses
–– B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
(p60)
–– B Environmental Systems (p61)
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
–– B Veterinary Biology/Doctor of
Veterinary Medicine (p67)
Government bodies
–– Department of the Environment
–– NSW Office of Environment and
Heritage
–– Environment Protection Authority
NSW
Statistics
Mr Fleming believes that good science
–– Environmental jobs in Australia have
is essential for effective conservation.
been growing steadily over the last
He says the sector looks for science
five years.
graduates who have strong skills as
–
–
The Australian Government’s Cleaner
well as the right attitude. “We want
Environment Plan has four pillars:
graduates who have great technical
clean air, clean water, clean land and
ability, but also who are passionate about
heritage protection.
conservation, practical and enjoy being
–
–
New technology (satellite remote
in the bush,” he says.
sensing, advanced computer
A great way to sharpen your skills
modeling) is bringing a wealth of
and demonstrate your passion for
opportunity to the sector, providing
conservation is to volunteer. This helps
more interesting aspects to
you get to know an organisation, develop
conservation roles and opportunities
networks and skills in the field, and is
to develop skills.
how most conservation professionals
have entered into the industry.
Average salaries
Many conservation organisations, such
as the Australian Wildlife Conservancy,
have internships or volunteering
programs. Mr Fleming agrees that
volunteering is an invaluable first step
in seeking employment in the industry,
and says that internships are “a genuine
mechanism for getting work experience
and then winning a conservation job at
the end of it.”
–– $89,000
Source: SEEK.com.au
Our majors
–– Agricultural Chemistry (p70)
–– Agricultural Genetics (p72)
–– Agricultural Systems (p73)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Entomology (p79)
–– Environmental Studies (p79)
–– Farming Systems (p80)
–– Geography (p82)
–– Geology and Geophysics (p82)
–– Horticulture (p83)
–– Livestock Production (p85)
–– Marine Science (p85)
–– Natural Terrestrial Systems (p88)
–– Soil Science (p93)
22
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
EDUCATION & TRAINING
“Your passion for science will ignite the interests of students
and will encourage them to pursue careers in science,
which is really important for Australia’s future.”
DR STEPHEN ZANDER, PRESIDENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION, 2013
With the complex issues facing the
world today, it has never been more
important for science to be taught
well by trained experts. Many of
Australia’s leading scientists describe
the classroom as the first place they
accessed scientific discovery and
experimentation, where their interest
in science was born and nurtured.
Science teachers have a direct
impact on the number and quality of
scientists working in Australia, as well
as the overall scientific literacy of the
community. They have an essential role
in maintaining and promoting the role
of science in society.
Dr Stephen Zander, President of
the Australian Science Teachers
Association agrees. “As a science
teacher you have the opportunity
of exposing students to the latest
scientific breakthroughs and the
knowledge that really makes a
difference to our everyday lives. Your
passion for science will ignite the
interest of students and will hopefully
encourage them to pursue careers in
science, which is really important for
Australia’s future,” he says.
Education specialists are also found
outside the classroom. Many decide
to work in research, curriculum and
policy development, corporate training
and educational administration.
Science educators can also be found
teaching curriculum linked shows and
workshops in museums, zoos, outdoor
education centres and on the road with
programs like Questacon’s travelling
Measure Island, Perception Deception
and Science on the Move.
An Australian education qualification
is internationally recognised, and
provides excellent opportunities for
work overseas. Teachers and educators
are highly employable, usually with
good working conditions, holidays, long
service leave and family friendly hours.
To be formally recognised as a teacher,
science graduates need to combine
their science degree with a Bachelor
of Education or complete an extra
qualification such as a Graduate
Diploma or Master of Teaching, both of
which will involve practical classroom
training.
A range of government incentives
and scholarships exist to encourage
more people to consider a career
in education, especially in rural and
remote areas.
In NSW, primary and secondary
teachers are required to be accredited
with the NSW Institute of Teachers.
Equipping young Australians with
scientific understanding is not only a
GRADUATE PROFILE: TILLY BOLEYN
Science Education Officer, Powerhouse Museum
Tilly Boleyn loved studying science and assumed, like many of her fellow
students, that her future career would predominantly involve bossing around
lab rats or collecting samples in a distant field station. She was astonished to
learn about the varied and amazing adventures that the combination of science
training, passion for the subject and communication skills opened up for her.
Tilly completed her Bachelor of Science with Honours in Microbiology at the
University of Sydney, and her dinner party conversation can still turn - without
warning - to the microevolution of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans
in response to antifungal agents.
She worked as a researcher before trading in her love/hate relationship with
pipettes and RNA extractions for the opportunity to bring science to the public
through events, radio and television.
You may have seen Tilly on various television breakfast shows and weather
crosses, donating blood and singing the praises of the Australian Red Cross
Blood Service when she was the Ambassador for the Frequent Donor Club.
From there she moved behind the scenes to science communication as
scientific researcher and backstage troublemaker for the ABC TV show Sleek
Geeks, starring Adam Spencer and Dr Karl Kruszelnicki.
In her next TV project Tilly moved in front of the camera, hosting and producing
the Science Spectrum television series for TVS.
Tilly cut her radio teeth on Sydney’s 2SER FM, starting off on Diffusion Science
Radio before joining the ABC as a science broadcaster and event producer.
During her time at the ABC Tilly managed the celebration of science, known
as the Ultimo Science Festival. Over the past seven years the Festival has
flourished as a vibrant, independent, cultural event that offers engagement,
education and quality entertainment to over 17,000 participants each year.
In her latest career move Tilly has shifted down the road from the ABC to
the Powerhouse Museum. As the Science Education Officer she develops
and produces science programs for museum visitors, school students and the
community as part of the Ultimo Science Festival.
satisfying career, it’s the key to our
ability to tackle tomorrow’s problems.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies/associations
–– Australian Science Teachers
Association
–– Association of Independent Schools
of NSW
–– Catholic Education office
Government bodies
–– NSW Department of Education and
Communities
–– Department of Education,
Employment and Workplace Relations
–– NSW Institute of Teachers
Statistics
Average salary
–– High school teacher: $75,000
–– Head teacher (secondary): $83,000
–– Principal: $114,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Education (Secondary:
Mathematics)/B Science*
–– B Education (Secondary: Science)/B
Science*
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Psychology (p63)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
(p65)
* See the Faculty of Education and
Social Work.
Our majors
–– Biology (p76)
–– Chemistry (p77)
–– Geography (p82)
–– Geology and Geophysics (p82)
–– Mathematics (p86)
–– Physics (p90)
Science teachers have a direct
impact on the overall scientific
literacy of the community.
24
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
FINANCE, BANKING
& INSURANCE
“Individuals with a science background can develop
unique and rewarding careers in the finance industry
that cannot typically be achieved by those with
conventional finance qualifications.”
TOM PRICE, GLOBAL COMMODITIES ANALYST AT UBS AUSTRALIA
Looking for excellent job prospects
on top of a rich and rewarding career
path? Consider the sector of financial
services. Combining the fields of
finance, banking and insurance,
financial services is Australia’s largest
industry, which contributes $129.8
billion to Australia’s $1.2 trillion
economy and employs 400,000
Australians.
Even with obvious changes in the
current economic climate, Tom Price,
Global Commodities Analyst at UBS
Australia, agrees that the financial
services industry will always offer
stability and diversity in employment.
“High quality expertise is always in
demand in this sector throughout the
business cycle,” he says.
Science-trained individuals are a major
source of this high quality expertise,
because the analytical and numeric
skills developed in a science degree
– particularly model-based, applied
mathematical skills – are entirely
transferrable to the finance sector.
Also, organisations see the benefit
of having expertise from a range of
academic backgrounds, including
humanities and sciences, to add to
their economics and finance base.
“We actively seek skills from as wide
a professional sphere as possible
in order to enhance our research
capability. A dual-degree across
science and finance, such as Bachelor
of Science/Bachelor of Commerce,
or an appropriate mix of education
and industry experience will make you
highly sought after by organisations
such as UBS,” says Mr Price.
Further, Mr Price adds that science
training can even give you an added
edge and will open doors to a range
of employment possibilities in finance.
“Individuals with a science background
can develop unique and rewarding
careers in the finance industry that
cannot typically be achieved by
those with conventional finance
qualifications, covering roles as
diverse as analysis, consultancy and
investment,” he says.
Finance organisations certainly
look for high-calibre graduates, but
technical skills and academic results
are not the only focus, says Mr Price.
“Degree subject is less important
than a graduate’s ability to prove they
can analyse problems, plan ahead,
make decisions, demonstrate sound
judgement, and communicate with
others. The other qualities we look for
in graduates are ambition, integrity, a
commitment to accuracy and a desire
to work as part of a friendly but driven
team,” he says.
As a science student looking to
branch into this industry, a number of
financial services organisations offer
holiday work experience programs for
university students. Others, such as
UBS, offer highly prized internships
or graduate positions, and those who
have not majored in economics or
business are especially encouraged to
apply. Although competition for these
places can be intense, these programs
offer an excellent entry point to an
organisation, and are the best way to
Organisations see the benefit
of having expertise from a
range of academic backgrounds,
including humanities and
sciences, to add to their
economics and finance base.
get a good overview of the industry
and your chosen organisation.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Financial Services Institute of
Australasia (Finsia)
–– Australian Bankers’ Association
–– Australian Financial Markets
Association
Government bodies
–– Australian Government’s Department
of Finance
–– Australian Securities and Investment
Commission
Statistics
–– The industry contributes $129.8 billion
to Australia’s $1.2 trillion economy.
–– The industry has been the largest
industry contributor to the Australian
economy since 2006.
–– The industry currently employs over
400,000 people in Australia, 3.6 per
cent of total employment.
Also see the Faculty of Arts and Social
Sciences and the University of Sydney
Business School.
Average salaries
–– Financial advisor/manager: $82,000
–– Analyst: $97,000
Executive salary
–– Finance executives: $146,000 plus
(depending upon the industry and the
specific role)
Our majors
–– Agribusiness (p70)
–– Agricultural Economics (p71)
–– Financial Mathematics and Statistics
(p81)
–– Statistics (p94)
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
(p65)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
GRADUATE PROFILE: DANIEL WILSON
Debt and Derivatives, Deutsche Bank
Starting a career in finance as the global finance crisis hit might
seem like a difficult challenge for some but for Daniel Wilson,
who completed his Bachelor of Agricultural Economics at the
University of Sydney, he relished the challenges it brought and
recognised the opportunities available.
Daniel is currently working in the Debt and Derivatives Sales team
at Deutsche Bank and says “I see myself in a good position from
the perspective that I have been able to grow my career during
a time when the industry is undergoing significant change. I feel
that exposure, from a very junior level, to varied and at times
difficult financial times has given me a good foundation and
understanding for whatever the future holds.”
The theory taught by members of the economics faculty,
complimented by the applied nature of the agriculture course,
provides an all-round understanding of economic theories. Daniel
says, “My course gave me a sound base knowledge of how
markets work. I particularly found the excel modelling courses
from agriculture to be invaluable in my current role.”
The professional placements in the course were both rewarding
and helpful for Daniel’s career. His first placement was at a marino
stud farm, which gave valuable insight into the structure of the
business and how its operators managed cashflows over periods
of high returns as well as low.
Daniel’s second professional placement was at AMP Capital
Investments in the Investment/Asset Origination Team. He says
“This placement helped my career by giving me good insight into
the corporate banking world, while also allowing for me to develop
on the skills I had learned at uni in a more practical and applied
context such as analysing company financial reports.”
“In the future I see myself still working in the markets as I enjoy
the dynamic nature of the industry and work environment,” he says.
26
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS
“Those well versed in food and agriculture production
and the international implications of agriculture to our
global food economy will be sought after.”
DR THERESA CRAIG, PRESIDENT OF THE AGRIBUSINESS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
The business of food and agriculture is
thriving. Australia’s food and agriculture
industries (farming, production and
distribution to food product innovations
and initiatives) are significant and
rapidly expanding sectors of the
economy. The complete agricultural
supply chain – including food product
innovation and affiliated food industry
partners – provides over 1.6 million jobs.
The food industry continues to prosper,
accounting for 15% of all Australian
jobs. With an excellent international
reputation for efficiency, reliability and
sustainability, Australia’s food industry
is poised to meet new challenges in
food security, better human nutrition
and environmental sustainability into
the future. Key priorities are to produce
food that is healthy and safe, produced
with the least possible environmental
insult. This requires skills in business,
technology and management across all
parts of the food supply chain.
Agribusiness is the business of food
production and supply. At the farming
level it includes the production,
processing and supply of agricultural
goods, as well as the by-products of
farming, including fuels derived from
farm waste. Agribusiness also reaches
beyond the farm to include all aspects
of bringing food to consumers: food
preservation and storage, processing
and manufacturing of food products,
business strategy and financial support,
food transport, sales and promotion.
This post farm-gate agribusiness sector
has grown exponentially in recent
years, as food product innovation and
value-adding activities move off the
farm. The size of the food processing
and agricultural product input sectors
has increased to the point where they
now account for approximately 12% of
Australia’s GDP.
Food and agribusiness are evolving
fields that will continue to expand well
into the future. With global efforts
to improve the quantity, quality and
security of food produced for a growing
population, integration of knowledge
and expertise across food, agriculture
and business management is essential
to meet these challenges in the years
ahead.
Dr Theresa Craig, President of the
Agribusiness Association of Australia,
says that by 2050 the world will need
to double food production against a
background of diminishing resources
of land and water. She strongly
believes that the science disciplines
as applied to agriculture will help to
meet these needs. “Those well versed
in food and agriculture production
and the international implications of
agriculture to our global food economy
will be sought after. Management of all
aspects of the food supply chain, from
paddock to plate, will need qualified
people to increase efficiencies in a
complex business world. If you want
a challenging career with good job
prospects then consider food and
agribusiness,” she says.
“Today’s and future agriculture careers
will be based on the land, in the labs
and in the business offices of our
country and internationally. These
experts will act as service providers of
valuable information for our farmers to
improve productivity in an economically
viable and environmentally sustainable
manner. Exciting times for those in the
science and business of agriculture
exist now and in the future.”
An undergraduate degree in food and
agribusiness is the first step towards a
range of diverse and wonderful career
possibilities. Food and agribusiness
graduates can work in a range of areas
from research, food development
and production to the finance sector,
marketing and commodity trading, and
public policy analysis.
A sample of potential careers include:
–– Food scientist: uses their knowledge
of science, engineering and
biotechnology to develop new or
better ways of preserving, processing,
packaging, storing and delivering food;
may be involved in research
–– Food quality assurance officer:
monitors the quality of the
environment in order to interpret
the impact of human actions and
to develop strategies for restoring
ecosystems
–– Agricultural consultant: provides
technical, commercial and financial
advice and information regarding the
use and management of agricultural
land; balances commercial viability
with sustainable development
and cultivates new sales opportunities; Statistics
recommends livestock management
–– Recent Australian government reviews
solutions
of food and agriculture predict
significant shortages in labour and
–– Area sales manager: responsible
skills across all areas of the agri-food
for sales strategies to optimise
chain.
profitability; effective customer
–
–
It is estimated that Australia will
relationships; sales budgets;
require more than 5,000 graduate
investigates and secures new business
jobs in agribusiness and production
–– Technical specialist: formulates
management annually to continue to
product development plans, field
drive the industry forward.
trials, oversees product issues and
Average salaries
provides technical support for sales
–– Food scientist: $89,000
representatives, customers and end
–– Agricultural industry: $79,000
users.
–– Agriculture manager: may work on
farms, in agricultural consultancies,
research institutions and food
production companies; builds and
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
maintains strong business relationships
Industry bodies
to market products and services;
–– Agribusiness Association of Australia
oversees day-to-day operations
Ltd
–– Commodity trader: connects
–– Ag Institute of Australia
producers and users of agricultural
–– Australian Bureau of Agricultural and
commodities through origination,
Resource Economics
processing, marketing and distribution –– Australian Food and Grocery Council
capabilities and services
–– GrainCorp
–– Grain Growers Limited
–– Agronomist: plant growth and use
–– Grains Research and Development
specialist; works closely with farmers
Corporation
to help them optimise their land for
the maximum yield of crops (including –– Horticulture Australia Limited
–– PMA Australia–New Zealand Limited
environmental impact)
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
(p60)
–– B Food and Agribusiness (p61)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Our majors
–– Agribusiness (p70)
–– Farming Systems (p80)
–– Food Science (p81)
–– Livestock manager: provides livestock
sales and marketing support; identifies
GRADUATE PROFILE: BEN SMIDER
Assistant Grower, D’vineRipe. South Australia
Ben Smider completed a Bachelor of Horticultural Science degree (the
precursor to the Food and Agribusiness degree) in 2007, and believes
that a strong grounding in sciences gave him an excellent start to a
career in the food industry. “I think once you have a solid grounding
in science it’s much easier to understand and develop the practical
aspects in the workplace, and that’s what Sydney gave me,” says Ben.
Ben says that it was not just Sydney’s strong science reputation
but the University’s contacts with industry that attracted him.
“Sydney University has forged great relationships within the food
and agricultural industry. I was very lucky because the University has
access to lots of networks and it gave me the opportunity to meet
people across a diverse range of workplaces. I would really encourage
students to take every chance they have to get experience during the
course and to network – that really helped to open my eyes to different
career paths”
Ben went on to complete a Masters of Agriculture, specialising in
sustainable horticulture. He recently started work as an assistant
grower at D’vineRipe, a sustainable tomato glasshouse in South
Australia. “In my role I’m responsible for developing growing strategies
and minimising pest problems. We supply the country’s three biggest
wholesalers, so it’s a big responsibility, but one I feel prepared for,” he
says.
Ben firmly believes that the new food and agribusiness degree will
open many doors for graduates. “There is a real shortage of talent in
the field, and I think there are tremendous opportunities for students
who enrol in this new program,” he says.
28
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
GOVERNMENT, DEFENCE
& LEGAL
“Disciplines taught by science faculties…provide the basis
of more important policy decisions than people realise.”
DR CHRIS ARMSTRONG, DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF THE NSW CHIEF SCIENTIST
AND ENGINEER
Science has never been so important
to our society. Science provides
solutions for food production and
service; mobile and information
technologies; medical science;
transport; housing; education;
energy and the environment. But
real changes are only made when
governments, advised by scientists,
legislate to enable the adoption of new
technologies.
Dr Chris Armstrong, Director of the
Office of the NSW Chief Scientist and
Engineer, is at the interface between
government and science. He stresses
the critical importance science plays
in how our country is run. “Disciplines
taught by science faculties inform a
wide cross-section of government
portfolios and provide the basis of
more important policy decisions than
people realise.”
In NSW, the disciplines of science,
mathematics and statistics are key
for hugely important areas like health,
finance, ICT, emergency services,
energy, water and food safety,
primary industries, the environment
and transport, to name a few. For
this reason, Dr Armstrong says these
GRADUATE PROFILE: MATTHEW FRANCIS
R&D Scientist, IPS Radio & Space Services, Bureau of Meteorology
Matt Francis did not plan to end up as an R&D Scientist at IPS Radio &
Space Services in the Bureau of Meteorology. But his studies prepared
him well for his work. “The research and modelling and problem-solving
skills are the important thing, more than the actual knowledge.”
After a double degree in arts and science he undertook a PhD in
computational cosmology.
For the last couple of years he has worked on space weather, studying
solar flares that can affect high frequency radio signals, disrupt GPS
signals and even knock out power grids, like they did in Quebec,
Canada, in 1989. “There are a lot of potentially very catastrophic things
that don’t happen very often. We have systems in place to alert people
for 1 in 100 year events.”
Solar flares have an 11 year cycle, and in late 2012/early 2013 they
reached their maximum. Matt said that this episode look was “very,
very mild.” But people are far more dependent on technologies like
GPS and mobile phones today. “There is an increasing concern in the
community about whether or not it is being taken seriously enough,
but it is still pretty low risk,” Matt says.
departments all employ practising
scientists to advise on and develop
government policy.
“A degree in science equips you
with technical capabilities that
are valuable and sought after in
government. You may choose a job
that places you in a lab or out in
the field undertaking research or
analysing data, or in a regulatory role
protecting the health and welfare of
people or the environment, or you may
use your science in a role involving
communications and public outreach,”
he says. Science graduates also leave
university with valuable analytical and
communications skills, which make
them highly employable across all levels
of government.
Scientists from every discipline
are employed by the NSW state
government, such as in the NSW Food
Authority (which covers agriculture,
fisheries and forests); the Offices of
Environment and Heritage, of Water
and of Food Safety; the Ministry of
Health; the Institute of Sport; and
Sydney Water Corporation.
At the federal level, the biggest
employer of natural science graduates
is the 6,500-strong CSIRO, 1,900 of
whom are scientists. The Department
of Industry employs graduates from
virtually every area of natural sciences,
with an emphasis on candidates with
good communication and team work
skills. The Department of Industry,
Innovation, Science and Research and
the Department of the Environment
are also major employers of natural
science graduates.
The Defence Science and Technology
Organisation (DSTO) has a staff of
2,500. Chief Operating Officer, Dr
Len Sciacca, explains that a range
of science-trained staff is needed to
tackle their difficult defence problems.
“We bring together material scientists,
mathematicians, computer scientists,
electrical engineers, psychologists and
more recently biomedical people as
well. DSTO seeks out talented people
with a variety of science backgrounds
who can exercise innovative thinking
and who possess analytical and
problem-solving skills,” he says.
Other government agencies that
employ science graduates include
the Australian Nuclear Science and
Technology Organisation, Geosciences
Australia, The Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare and the MurrayDarling Basin Authority.
In addition to government positions,
science graduates also work with
legal firms in the areas of patents,
intellectual property and in some
specialised areas like forensics.
Dr Armstrong points out there are
more options for science graduates
than wearing a lab coat. “Working in
government as a scientist, or in a role
that draws on your science degree,
is a great way of translating valuable
science and research into sound policy
or programs that result in economic,
environmental and community
benefits,” he says.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Institute of Agricultural
Science and Technology
–– Agricultural Economic and Resource
Economics
–– The Economic Society of Australia
–– The Society of Biology
–– Royal Australian Chemical Institute
–– Australian Computer Society
–– Geographical Society of NSW
–– Australian Institute of Marine Science
–– Australian Mathematical Society
–– Australian Institute of Physics
–– Australian Psychological Society
–– Australian Institute of Medical
Scientists
Statistics
–– 18% national workforce in public
sector
Average salaries
–– Agricultural Sciences: $79,000
–– Biological/microbial sciences: $79,000
–– Economics: $70,000
–– Environment: $70,000
–– Geology or Geophysics: $85,000
–– IT: $72,000
–– Medical sciences: $75,000
–– Physics: $70,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– All. Refer to p58.
Options are also available in the Faculty
of Arts and Social Sciences and the
Sydney Law School.
Our majors
All. Refer to p68.
30
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
HEALTH & COMMUNITY
A world needs as much food in the next 40 years
“The
as we’ve used in the past 400 years.”
PROFESSOR MARTIN COLE, CHIEF OF CSIRO DIVISION OF ANIMAL, FOOD AND
HEALTH SCIENCES
The thriving agricultural, food, and
nutritional sciences industries are
working symbiotically to meet growing
global demand for safe, abundant,
nutritious food, while at the same time
protecting and maintaining a healthy
environment. Scientific innovations
are key to our ability to feed an
exponentially increasing population in a
sustainable way.
Professor Martin Cole, CSIRO’s Chief
of Animal, Food and Health Sciences,
says we urgently need science-trained
professions to cope with the food
and health megashocks that will hit
us in coming years. “The world needs
as much food in the next 40 years as
we’ve used in the past 400 years. A
strong research effort is important to
ensure we can sustainably produce
not only enough food, but food that
is healthy and safe, produced with
the least possible environmental
insult. Biosecurity is another key
consideration, given the complexity
of the food supply, the continued
population growth and the transmission
of animal diseases into the human
lifecycle. These will present exciting
challenges for future scientists,” he
says.
As one of the world’s largest exporters
of wheat, cattle and other key
nutritional commodities, Australia
has a significant role in the global
food industry. Improved methods
and technologies create new and
better approaches to managing food
safety risks. Scientists in this field
offer critical support to the food
manufacturing industry and public
health groups to better identify and
control hazards in the food supply.
Improved processing technologies are
resulting in safer foods with fewer
preservatives. Molecular advances are
helping scientists examine the ways
Australia has a significant role to play in the global food industry. New
scientific methods and technologies are providing opportunities for novel
approaches to managing food safety risks.
in which individual nutrients affect
health outcomes, paving the way for
personalised medicine and nutrition
strategies that may lead to better
health and disease management.
–– Dietitian/nutritionist: plans food and
nutrition programs, promotes healthy
eating habits and recommends dietary
modifications; may be involved in
nutritional research
A science degree is a wonderful
beginning to career opportunities in
these areas of health and community.
A small sample of potential careers are
listed below:
–– Environmental scientist: analyses
measurements of air, food, water and
soil to determine the best methods to
clean and preserve the environment
and minimise health hazards
–– Agricultural chemist: analyses
agricultural and food products to
ensure product quality and safety;
may also work in environmental
monitoring and protection; may be
involved in development of new
technologies for processing of raw
products
–– Food microbiologist: examines microorganisms in food with the aim of
improving food production and food
safety; may also study outbreaks
of food-borne illness and track the
origin and spread of the illness to help
prevent future outbreaks
–– Agricultural scientist: studies
agricultural productivity and food
safety, looking for ways to improve
crop yield, control pests and weeds
and conserve soil and water; may
investigate ways to use agricultural
products for fuels
–– Food quality assurance officer:
monitors the quality of the
environment in order to interpret
the impact of human actions and
to develop strategies for restoring
ecosystems
–– Food scientist: uses their knowledge
of science, engineering and
biotechnology to develop new or
better ways of preserving, processing,
packaging, storing and delivering food;
may be involved in research into new
food sources
–– Plant scientist: studies plants, feed
and fibre crops to help food producers
develop healthy foods; may also look
at ways to conserve natural resources
–– Soil scientist: employed in a wide
range of occupations in public and
private enterprises, working in basic
and applied research in land and soil
management
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– The Australian Society for
Microbiology
–– Dietitians Association of Australia
–– Public Health Association of Australia
–– Royal Australian Chemical Institute
Statistics
Average salaries
–– Agricultural scientist: $79,000
–– Food scientist: $89,000
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Environmental Systems (p61)
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Medical Science (p62)
–– B Psychology (p63)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
–– B Science/M Nutrition and Dietetics
(p66)
Also see the Faculty of Health
Sciences and the Sydney Nursing
School.
Our majors
–– Agricultural Chemistry (p70)
–– Agricultural Genetics (p72)
–– Agricultural Systems (p73)
–– Biochemistry (p75)
–– Cell Pathology (p77)
–– Environmental Studies (p79)
–– Food Science (p81)
–– Immunobiology (p84)
–– Medicinal Chemistry (p86)
–– Microbiology (p87)
–– Molecular Biology and Genetics (p87)
Source: MyCareer.com.au
GRADUATE PROFILE: CLAIRE MARNANE
Clinical Dietitian, Wesley Hospital
Researcher, Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit at
Liverpool Hospital
Claire Marnane completed a Bachelor of Science (Hons) degree
with a major in psychology, and believes that the practical aspects
of her course gave her skills that are valuable in any career. “There
was a big emphasis on developing expertise in both independent
work and team projects, which are undoubtedly useful experiences
as well as perennially favourite topics for job interviewers. I was
surprised at how comfortable I became giving presentations
during my undergraduate course, which is something that I’ve
used time and time again since graduation.”
After completing her undergraduate course, Claire worked as
a research assistant in a teaching hospital, at a clinic treating
anxiety disorders. She then decided to complete further training
in the field of dietetics, and completed a Master of Nutrition and
Dietetics at Sydney. “When I studied dietetic treatment of eating
disorders I realised I’d found the perfect hybrid of psychology
and dietetics,” she says. Claire now works part-time as a clinical
dietitian in the eating disorders unit at Wesley Hospital, where
she’s also research active, and does research for the Psychiatry
Research and Teaching Unit at Liverpool Hospital.
Claire says that a science degree at Sydney provides a broad
grounding in different subjects. “This is so important, because
you never know what specific skills will be valued in the jobs that
will be available after you graduate. It’s about walking that line
between keeping a clear focus on where you want your degree
to take you, while also trying to introduce knowledge, skills and
experiences in as many different fields as possible to balance your
prospects.”
–– Neuroscience (p89)
–– Nutrition and Metabolism (p89)
–– Pharmacology (p90)
–– Physiology (p91)
–– Plant Pathology (p91)
–– Plant Science (p92)
–– Psychology (p92)
32
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
IT, COMMUNICATIONS &
TECHNOLOGY
“ICT is transforming our world by creating new opportunities
and industries, changing old ways of operating, impacting
business, individuals and government in ways not yet
dreamed of.”
PROFESSOR HUGH DURRANT-WHYTE, CEO OF NATIONAL ICT AUSTRALIA
our daily lives. For example, advances
in telecommunication and information
technologies have enabled substantially
higher communication bandwidths over
longer distances. Australian research
and innovation resulted in the invention
of the global wireless communication
network we know as WiFi.
Advances in ICT are even transforming
the way our government operates,
expanding capability, providing better
service delivery, improving efficiency
and reducing costs.
This is an evolving and exciting field for
science graduates, and the range of
career possibilities continues to grow
with each technological advance.
Information and communications
technology (ICT) is about enhancing
and improving the exchange of
information and knowledge to make
things work in a more efficient way.
ICT underpins the fight against climate
change, is the backbone to movie
animation, is central to discovering
cures for many diseases and to
mapping the human genome.
The CEO of National ICT Australia,
Professor Hugh Durrant-Whyte,
says, “ICT is transforming our world
by creating new opportunities
and industries, changing old ways
of operating, impacting business,
individuals and government in ways not
yet dreamed of.”
New technological advances have
a vast range of applications across
many industries, and are having an
increasing impact on many aspects of
Dr John O’Sullivan, a graduate of the
University of Sydney and one the
CSIRO scientists who invented WiFi, is
passionate about the place of science
in a technological world. “Science
is subject to continual change.
Technologies, tools, methods, projects
and products all change and develop. A
science degree gives you not only the
passion to keep learning new things
and embrace change, it also provides
a solid underpinning on which to build
new learning,” he says.
Careers encompass a diverse number
of areas from business consulting
and sales to software engineering,
web development, multimedia and
technical roles in research and product
development.
Globally, the ICT sector is thriving.
In Australia it contributes more
to our national economy than
agriculture, defence or education and
almost as much the mining sector.
Currently, over 500,000 people are
working in technology jobs across
Australia. ICT skills also transfer well
between countries, so experienced
ICT professionals may find career
opportunities almost anywhere in the
developed world.
A science degree is an ideal base for
career opportunities in ICT and Dr
O’Sullivan encourages students to
be ambitious in their goals. “Don’t be
afraid to tackle an area outside of your
current comfort zone – the interfaces
between different domains of expertise
are especially fertile, and ICT is a prime
example of this.”
As in many other science-related fields,
postgraduate qualifications are often
essential or highly beneficial. A sample
of the career opportunities in ICT fields
is outlined below:
–– Bioinformatician: uses statistics and
computer analysis to understand
medical and biological systems
–– Computational scientist: writes
computer codes and implements
models describing a wide variety of
systems
–– Information systems professional:
manages the change processes
that are initiated by introducing new
technology; manages the operation
of activities based on computing and
communications technology
–– Systems analyst: works with people
to introduce or expand appropriate
technology within their business or
organisation
–– Web developer: uses software
languages to construct and maintain
website content and applications
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Computer Society
–– Australian Information Industry
Association
–– Australian Interactive Media Industry
Association
–– Australian Mobile Telecommunications
Association
–– Australian Robotics and Automation
Association
–– Game Developers Association of
Australia
–– Internet Industry Association
–– Internet Society of Australia
Statistics
Average salaries
–– ICT Business/Systems Analyst:
$111,000
–– ICT Support Technician: $58,000
–– Software Development: $94,000
–– Networks and Systems: $93,000
–– Web Developer: $92,000
Growth and opportunities
Employment opportunities for ICT
graduates are very strong at present.
Investment in technology and IT
infrastructure is ongoing, suggesting
very good employment growth in the
coming years.
Telecommunications is projected to
have high employment growth within
the sector over the next few years,
with forecast demand for nearly
20,000 new jobs.
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
(p65)
Also see the Faculty of Engineering
and Information Technologies.
Source: MyCareer.com.au
GRADUATE PROFILE: NICK LEEDER
CEO, Google France
When Nick Leeder was completing his Bachelor of Science with Honours in Pure
Mathematics at the University of Sydney, the company Google had not even been
imagined yet. Now Nick Leeder is CEO of Google France.
“A career is an interesting thing because you’re not entirely sure what is going to
happen and where you’re going to wind up. Jobs like the one I do now didn’t even
exist when I was studying at university,” said Nick.
“As CEO of Google, I spend most of my time on the commercial side of the business,
helping French companies get the best out of digital. So it involves a lot of business
development and sales,” explained Nick.
“We also work closely with government to help them figure out how to get the right
policy settings to ensure France makes the most of the digital revolution.”
Nick chose to study in the Bachelor of Science as it allowed him to try a range of
different disciplines. He chose to major and do his Honours research in maths because
he really enjoyed it.
“The Bachelor of Science teaches you a way of thinking and mathematics is really
about logic – it’s amazing how valuable that becomes in your career,” said Nick.
“Particularly when you’re working in industries that haven’t been around for a long
time and are not well understood, the ability to think critically, figure out what’s
important and analyse things is absolutely vital. These skills are never going out of
fashion! And that’s certainly what the Bachelor of Science did for me in spades.”
“There’s no replacement for science and technology graduates – the opportunities
are unlimited for these people to work on the most interesting problems and
challenges facing our biggest organisations.”
Nick’s top study and career tip:
“Do things you love – you’re much more likely to do well at them and, frankly, have a
good time. I wouldn’t be too worried about where your studies are going to take you,
because the world is changing so quickly that it’s really hard to predict what sorts
of careers are going to be available in five years
WATCH VIDEO AT
time. Look for skills that prepare you for many
http://sydney.edu.au/
opportunities and just do your absolute best.”
science/career/videos
Our majors
–– Computer Science (p78)
–– Financial Mathematics and Statistics
(p81)
–– Information Systems (p84)
–– Mathematics (p86)
–– Nanoscience and Technology (p88)
–– Neuroscience (p89)
–– Physics (p90)
–– Statistics (p94)
34
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
MATERIALS
“The fact that new materials play a major role in driving
new technologies led me to choose materials research.”
PROFESSOR MARCELA BILEK, RESEARCHER, SCHOOL OF PHYSICS,
THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
Materials scientists delve inside
materials and figure them out from the
atom upwards. It’s a burgeoning and
essential area of research, which allows
us to understand how the molecular
and atomic structure of a material
relates to its properties.
applications – everything we touch
is made from some sort of material,
whether man-made or naturally
occurring or a combination of the two.
Materials science is one of the most
exciting career areas in science,
particularly because it brings together
expertise from many disciplines.
Chemists, physicists, imaging
specialists, biologists, biochemists and
medical researchers are all involved in
different types of materials science,
going beyond merely analysing
materials to creating new materials
with new properties.
The best foundation for a career in
materials science is through learning
the basic sciences, which can be
done through degrees like physics,
engineering or chemistry. Once
armed with a broad base of scientific
knowledge, you can focus on more
specific skills that are, or will be in
demand by the industry. And the future
job outlook in this sector is bright, as
the continued need for new materials
and changes to existing materials is
expected to keep the demand for
trained materials scientists growing.
Career opportunities in materials
science can be found in industry,
research organisations, universities,
private companies and hospitals,
with materials being investigated
and designed for a huge array of
The materials sector is a big money
area with research attracting
substantial funding and offering huge
potential for commercialisation. Using
nanotechnology techniques and
quantum science, work on materials
is at the forefront of cutting edge
science.
From designing new materials to
investigating the fundamental
properties of existing materials to
forensic failure analysis of materials in
machinery and building applications,
there are hugely diverse approaches
and opportunities in materials science.
Materials scientists investigate
crystalline materials such as metals,
minerals and ceramics; polymers such
as plastics, rubbers and elastomers;
and amorphous solids such as glass
and some plastics. Materials scientists
investigate and manipulate properties
such as strength, density, thermal
and electrical conductivity, magnetics,
phase transformation, and optical and
quantum properties.
Imaging of materials to study their
structure is also an important part
of materials research, and requires
specialists to use techniques such
GRADUATE PROFILE: PROFESSOR MARCELA BILEK
Researcher, School of Physics, the University of Sydney
Creating entirely new materials using her novel technique to attach
biologically functional molecules to surfaces and designing materials
for use in energy related technologies, has won Professor Marcela
Bilek a suite of prizes and made for a fulfilling career in materials
science.
After completing her Bachelor of Science with first class Honours in
physics at the University of Sydney, where she won the University
Medal, Marcela went to the University of Cambridge in the UK
to do her PhD research on the plasma synthesis of materials for
microelectronic applications.
“I was always interested in understanding how things work and this
curiosity drove me towards science in early high school. I also had
a desire to see my work applied to benefit humanity. The fact that
new materials play a major role in driving new technologies led me to
choose materials research,” says Marcela.
“As I’ve always enjoyed all science disciplines, I love the multidisciplinary
work I do in the biomaterials arena. My work on these biomaterials
gives me a rich and diverse experience, providing endless opportunities
to learn new things, through interactions with my wonderful colleagues
in the life sciences, chemistry and engineering,” she says.
Now working in the School of Physics at the University of Sydney,
Marcela’s research focuses on the development of plasma based
synthesis and materials processing technologies, specifically using
energetic ions from plasma to tailor the properties of materials. Her
new biomaterials have many applications, such as making implantable
biomedical devices – like hip and knee replacements or stents in the
heart – that are biocompatible and can also stimulate optimal tissue
responses in the person who has the implant, helping to reduce the
problem of implant rejection.
“I love discovering new materials and combining experimental work with
theory to develop a deep understanding of the materials properties
and the processes used to create them.”
as electron microscopy, neutron
diffraction, x-ray diffraction, x-ray
scattering, calorimetry and atom probe
tomography.
Australia was ranked 15th in the
world in 2011 in terms of national
output of materials science and
technology research papers indexed
in Thomson Reuters Web of Science
over the previous five year period.
Such strength in materials science
in Australia for our relatively small
population is remarkable, with the
Thomson Reuters ranking placing
Australia ahead of technically focused
countries such as Sweden, Singapore,
Switzerland and The Netherlands.
The materials science sector has
an exciting future as new types of
materials and techniques for analysing
them open up new fields of enquiry.
For example, innovations in the rapidly
growing area of advanced materials
include nanoporous materials that can
store hydrogen for ‘clean’ energy use,
crystal lattices that shrink when heated
for use in building and engineering
applications, and nanosphere capsules
that can deliver drugs to specific areas
of the body.
New fields of materials science emerge
constantly and offer a huge choice of
career opportunities, which will shape
the future of our material world.
Science in terms of national output
of materials science and technology
research papers over the period 20072011.
Statistics
Average salary
–– $80,000 and salaries go upwards for
management roles.
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
Industry bodies
–– Materials Australia
–– Australian Research Network for
Advanced Materials
Our majors
–– Chemistry (p77)
–– Nanoscience and Technology (p88)
–– Physics (p90)
Australia ranked 15th in the world in
2011 by Thomson Reuters Web of
36
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
MEDIA, MARKETING &
COMMUNICATIONS
“We are all about creative ways to engage Australians
with science, and the first step in that process is to have
people with a strong background in science.”
DR PAUL WILLIS, DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF AUSTRALIA
Science and a knack for engaging
people may seem an unlikely
combination, but the field of media,
marketing and communications is a
gold mine of career opportunities for
graduates who are trained in science
and have a flair for getting a message
across to an audience.
Over the last 20 years, the burgeoning
field of science communication in
Australia is proving that it is no longer
enough to simply do science. We now
have to engage people, particularly
those who are not currently interested
in science, and inspire them to think
about how science works and what it
means to their daily lives.
Science reporter at the Sydney
Morning Herald, Nicky Phillips, who has
a Bachelor of Science, says scientific
training is a valuable skill to possess as
a reporter given that many of today’s
issues - from climate change, water
availability and population dynamics are science-based.
In the highly sought-after media
industry, there are a number of
journalism positions specifically set
aside for science graduates across
print, TV and radio. In Australia,
these can be mostly found at science
magazines such as Cosmos and
New Scientist, the ABC and trade
publications.
We now have to engage people and inspire them
to think about how science works and what it
means to their daily lives.
However, Ms Phillips says a good
science journalist must be a good
reporter first and foremost. For this
reason, she recommends combining
your science degree with practical
experience in journalism as the best bet
for landing your first job as a science
reporter.
‘‘The best advice I could give any
budding science reporter is to apply
for internships. The best way to be
considered for a job is to be right
under the editor’s nose as a newsroom
intern,’’ she says. Ms Phillips also
suggests joining organisations such as
the Australian Science Communicators
to meet like-minded people.
Science graduates can also find jobs
in science communication and media
relations, working as communication
officers for universities, research
institutes like the CSIRO, museums
and pharmaceutical companies. As
a communication officer, your role
is to implement your organisation’s
communication strategy and to raise
its profile though websites and other
e-communication tools, producing
print publications and communications
(reports, press releases, etc.),
and organising events and press
conferences.
Dr Paul Willis, Director of the Royal
Institution of Australia (RiAus) – a
leading science communication hub
– says that science graduates are an
essential part of their product. “We’ve
probably got more graduates with PhDs
on staff for the size of our workforce
than most universities! We are all about
creative ways to engage Australians
with science, and the first step in that
process is to have people with a strong
background in science,” he says.
Closely tied to the field of
communications is marketing – the
industry concerned with identifying,
satisfying and keeping customers.
Marketing can be a fruitful career
destination for science graduates,
depending on your skill set.
If you are always on the leading edge
of social and internet culture, with an
innate understanding of what people
want, then you may be perfect as a
product/brand manager, responsible
for marketing and developing products
such as gaming consoles, shoes, and
even university courses. If, on the other
hand, you have stellar analytical skills,
you may find your niche as a market
researcher, who uses quantitative
data to understand the behaviour of
consumers and what drives them to
buy iPhones or Android phones.
According to Dr Willis, a science
graduate’s degree is a tool kit that
will equip you with creative ways of
solving the problems you will encounter
in almost any job. The added skill of
communicating with people, he says, is
an effective way of extending that tool
kit, allowing you to use your expertise
in other useful ways.
“If you have a solid degree in science,
you are able to do just about anything.
If you have stellar communications
skills on top of that, you can tell the
world about almost anything.”
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Science Communicators
–– Australian Science Media Centre
–– Media, Entertainment and Arts
Alliance
–– Public Relations Institute of Australia
–– Australian Marketing Institute
Government bodies
–– Department of Broadband,
Communications and the Digital
Economy
–– Australian Communications and Media
Authority
Statistics and Trends
–– Media and communications is a
changing landscape. The media
is changing very rapidly and it is
difficult to predict the future. While
some areas such as print are under
pressure, non-traditional media
outlets such as the internet are
gaining new business at a high rate
–– New media future: Journalists,
science communicators and
marketers will need to use modern
technology and communication
media – videos, interactive graphics,
new technologies and social media –
to present information in new and
different ways
Average salaries
–– TV, film and radio: $78,000
–– Media booking: $74,000
–– Publishing: $96,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– All. Refer to p58
Also see the Faculty of Arts and Social
Sciences.
Our majors
–– All. Refer to p68.
GRADUATE PROFILE: KARINA HOLDEN
Head of Production and Development, Northern Pictures
Minutes before sunrise, Karina Holden was pushing through 2
million people all heading for the Ganges. Why? It was the holiest
day in India when reclusive priests were making a once-in-16-year
pilgrimage to the holy river. And Karina was determined to film them.
For the last three years, Karina was the commissioning editor of
science and nature documentaries at the ABC, and has made over
30 award-winning films for National Geographic, Discovery Channel
and Animaal Planet. She has now started a new role as Head of
Production and Development for Northern Pictures, a leading
documentary production company. Despite her enviable career,
Karina’s journey there has been a round about tale featuring oldfashioned hard work, enthusiasm and a bit of luck.
Starting with a BSc at the University of Sydney, Karina’s passion
was ignited in third year after specialising in zoology and history &
philosophy of science (HPS), which she says helped shape her as a
journalist.
But Karina’s lucky break came during her post-graduate degree
when a producer from the ABC Natural History Unit (NHU)
contacted Karina about doing a story on the snakes she was
studying – and that set her on a new path. Karina decided to
volunteer at the unit for a summer, and after six weeks, she was
asked to stay on as a paid employee.
Based on her own experience, Karina says people wanting to work
in science journalism must create opportunities. “Be positive, seize
every chance you can, put yourself in the right places and get
yourself known for the right reasons!”
38
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
MEDICAL
“In terms of medical achievements and future opportunities,
Australia is emerging as a leader in the development of
targeted medicines.”
DR MARTIN CROSS, CHAIR OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA
Science is a major driver of and
partner in medical and health-related
professions. Many associated fields,
including medical research, the
development of medical products and
devices, health administration, and
health policy rely on evidence-based
methods and outcomes, which can only
come from rigorous science. Jobs in
this field can be found in universities,
government and industry-funded
organisations, the pharmaceutical
industry, communications organisations,
biomedical companies, and diagnostic
laboratories.
Dr Martin Cross is the Chair of the
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
He says, “In terms of medical
achievements and future opportunities,
Australia is emerging as a leader in the
development of targeted medicines and
medical microelectronics and imaging
systems. There’s such a broad range
of potential career opportunities. I’d
encourage students to find one that
excites and interests them – it can lead
to highly rewarding work that makes
a meaningful contribution to people’s
lives.”
Dr Cross competed a Bachelor of
Science in biology followed by a PhD in
microbiology before beginning a career
in the pharmaceutical industry. “I think
my strong grounding in science allowed
me to really see how medicines work,
and prepared me for the challenges and
practicalities of working in the medical
industry,” he says. Undergraduate
science or medical science studies
create a strong foundation from which
to pursue postgraduate study in clinical
medicine, medical science, research or
dentistry.
A sample of career opportunities for
science graduates in medical fields is
listed below:
–– Analytical chemist: analyses and
studies the physical or chemical
properties of drug substances and
formulations
–– Biomedical or medical scientist:
performs medical laboratory tests on
blood, other body fluids and tissues
to assist clinicians in the diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of disease
–– Clinical research associate: sets up,
monitors and completes clinical trials
that investigate the effects, risks and
benefits of a medicine
–– Health physicist: assesses health
impacts to the community and
environment from sources of radiation
including radioactivity concentrations
in water, soil and air as well as
effective doses of radiation in people
–– Manufacturing operations manager:
oversees all processes involved in the
manufacturing of a medicine
–– Medical chemist: studies the
structural properties of compounds
intended for drug development
–– Medical information officer: provides
technical resources and expertise
in medical training of sales forces
regarding new product development
–– Microbiologist: investigates the
growth and characteristics of
microscopic organisms such as
bacteria, algae, or fungi
–– Neuroscientist: investigates areas of
the nervous system and conditions
that affect it; also involved in research
into social problems such as addiction
GRADUATE PROFILE: DR LAURENCE CANTRILL
Head of Microscopy, Kids Research Institute, Westmead
Laurence Cantrill completed his undergraduate science
degree with a focus on genetics and plant biology. “Science
at Sydney was fascinating. You’re learning about how the
world works, and as you learn more you start to become more
engaged,” enthuses Laurence.
Laurence went on to complete a PhD in biology and now
works as the head microscopist at the Kids Research
Institute, Westmead. He’s excited about working with the
institute’s Correlative Light and Electron Microscope (CLEM)
suite. “These microscopes will help bridge the gap between
light and electron microscopy, so that researchers can
make medical observations in greater detail and clarity than
previously possible,” explains Laurence.
Laurence firmly believes that science is a great general
degree with wide ranging applications across medical fields
and industries. “My course gave me many options in terms
of career paths. I started off doing plant-based science, but
the skills I acquired along the way allowed me to move into
medical imaging and research. Science teaches you how to
think critically, to analyse problems, to organise your time, to
run experiments. These skills
WATCH VIDEO AT
that can be valuable in any
http://sydney.edu.au/
field,” he says.
science/career/videos
and gambling and longer-term issues
such as ageing
–– Product manager: responsible for
the development and implementation
of an annual marketing plan and
promotion budget
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Institute of Biology
–– Australian Institute of Medical
Scientists
–– Australian Medical Association
–– Royal Australian Chemical Institute
Statistics
Average salaries
–– Medical imaging: $136,000
–– Psychology: $74,000
–– Research: $88,000
–– Social sciences: $68,000
Source: MyCareers.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Medical Science (p62)
–– Science/Medicine (p67)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science/M Nutrition and Dietetics
(p66)
Also see the Faculty of Health
Sciences and the Sydney Medical
School.
Our majors
–– Anatomy and Histology (p74)
–– Biochemistry (p75)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Cell Pathology (p77)
–– Immunobiology (p84)
–– Medicinal Chemistry (p86)
–– Microbiology (p87)
–– Molecular Biology and Genetics (p87)
–– Neuroscience (p89)
–– Nutrition and Metabolism (p89)
–– Pharmacology (p90)
–– Physiology (p91)
–– Psychology (p92)
A science course will give you a
strong analytical background that
will allow you to work in many roles
in medical industries.
40
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
MINING & RESOURCES
“NSW mining is a world-class $20 billion industry
creating jobs, growth and prosperity across the State.”
STEPHEN GALILEE, CEO OF THE NSW MINERALS COUNCIL
The mining and resources industry
is big business for the Australian
Economy. It is intrinsically linked to our
economic future and global influence.
The Minerals Council of Australia lists
the current value of exports generated
by the minerals industry as $205.8
billion, making it one of the top five
producers of most of the world’s key
minerals commodities. Surprisingly,
it is also the largest employer of
environmental professionals in Australia
today.
Western Australia is often the first
place that comes to mind when
thinking about the mining and
resources industry. But we don’t realise
just how developed the industry is
elsewhere in Australia and indeed the
world.
Mining is a global industry, and skilled
workers can choose from a huge
diversity of positions that take them
right around the world, often to
beautiful and remote locations. Here
in NSW, we’re lucky that the best
of these opportunities can actually
be found in our own backyard. Mr
Stephen Galilee, the CEO of the NSW
Minerals Council, says “NSW mining
is a world-class $20 billion industry
creating jobs, growth and prosperity
across the State. Our miners underpin
economic progress both at home and
around the world by supplying the
coal needed to fire power stations and
to make steel. And we produce gold,
silver, copper, zinc and other metals
needed for many other products we
use every day.”
The mining and resources industry
employs 239,000 people in Australia.
In NSW, Mr Galilee says that around
90,000 people are directly employed
in mining and minerals processing and
another 300,000 jobs are supported
indirectly. “The resourcefulness and
ingenuity of our dedicated workforce
- past, present and future - puts our
country in a strong position to benefit
from the many rewards that the mining
industry provides,” he says.
Committed to reducing negative
impacts on the environment, the
industry is hiring graduates with an
understanding of emerging research
and technologies that can help
increase operational efficiency while
decreasing waste and emissions. The
NSW Minerals Council set a target of
a 60 per cent reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions by 2050 and created
a billion dollar industry fund to help
reduce greenhouse emissions from the
burning of coal.
The number of graduates from an
environmental and geosciences
background is rapidly growing, and
their work is across every stage of a
mine. For example, when planning a
new mine the importance is placed
on environmental management and
testing, including water quality,
sediments, rock cores, geographical
information systems to urban and rural
planning, which includes rehabilitating
mine sites upon completion of work.
Mr Galilee says, “From the fields
of engineering and metallurgy to
surveying and environmental work, our
hardworking NSW mining professionals
enjoy an enviable track record of
innovation and problem-solving and
are always striving to achieve new
breakthroughs. It is in this spirit that
our NSW miners will continue to
approach the challenges of the future,
and we welcome all interested women
and men to join us.”
GRADUATE PROFILE: MICHAEL PETROZZI
Managing Director, Macquarie Drilling Pty Ltd.
Michael completed his Bachelor’s degree with First Class Honours
and the University Medal in geosciences at Sydney in 1994. His next
step was to embark on a PhD in collaboration with Waste Service
NSW and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
(ANSTO).
Throughout his PhD Michael worked independently which developed
his skill set for the workplace. Michael explains, “It taught me how to
work autonomously and have a mindset of focus and perseverance.”
Michael’s research also provided him with invaluable industry
connections. Michael credits his PhD as a way of fast tracking his
business career.
Michael also identified niche areas where he could apply his
knowledge and experience. This led him to his first role – setting up
a multidisciplinary environmental, geotechnical and mining services
consultancy company Consulting Earth Scientists. In July 2011, he
sold Consulting Earth Scientists by means of a management buyout.
This allowed Michael in his role as Managing Director of Macquarie
Drilling, a drilling services business, to develop both organically and by
adding bolt-on acquisitions to a core business which started in 1993.
Macquarie Drilling is a diversified Australian drilling contractor with
operations in coal, mineral exploration, mining, underground and site
investigation drilling. “I believe that the key to being successful in any
industry is to stay close to your core business and to remain customer
focused.”
This philosophy has worked well for Michael with Macquarie Drilling
ranked #46 in the 2011 BRW Business Magazine’s 100 Fastest
Growing Companies in Australia.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
industry and career prospects:
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Industry bodies
–– Australasian Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy
–– Australian Institute of Geoscientists
–– Australian Society of Exploration
Geophysicists
–– Minerals Council of Australia
–– NSW Minerals Council
–– Geological Society of Australia
–– Australian Institute of Geoscientists
–– Geoscience Australia
–– Institution of Engineering and Mining
Surveyors Australia
–– Mining Industry Geospatial
Consortium
–– responsible for 8% of Australia’s GDP
in recent years
–– direct employment in the minerals
industry was 249,000 in late 2013
Also see the Faculty of Engineering
and Information Technologies.
Statistics
The Minerals Council of Australia has
a range of facts and figures about the
Average salaries
–– Environment: $120,000
–– Exploration: $150,000
–– Management: $180,000
–– Operations: $137,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Environmental Systems (p61)
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
Our majors
–– Environmental Studies (p79)
–– Geography (p82)
–– Geology and Geophysics (p82)
–– Soil Science (p93)
42
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
NGOS AND INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
“If you have the desire, commitment and passion to
make a difference to people and the planet, the NGO
and development sector is for you.”
HELEN GIBBONS, INDEPENDENT ORGANISATIONAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT
Science skills are essential for staff
in many NGOs (non-government
organisations) that work in areas such
as the environment, conservation,
social development and advocacy.
There are many different types of
NGOs and development agencies, with
a huge variety of agendas, approaches
and scales of action. As such, different
NGOs employ science graduates from
different disciplines, but all offer a
rewarding career that can be incredibly
fulfilling and give employees a real
sense of purpose.
“To Australia and indeed the globe,
the importance of the NGO and
Development sector is vital. While
corporate and public service sectors
tend to dominate the Australian
and global economy, the NGO
sector represents the passion and
commitment of people for social and
environmental issues,” says Helen
Gibbons, Independent Organisational
and Environmental Management
Consultant, previously CEO of
Greenpeace Australia Pacific.
“If you have the desire, commitment
and passion to make a difference to
people and the planet the NGO and
Development sector is for you. Working
for NGOs you can often find benefits
such as flexible work arrangements,
opportunities to work across projects
which align with your values, and
alongside passionate and motivated
colleagues. As well as the great
personal and career satisfaction that
comes from the knowledge you are
helping to shape Australia’s future.”
Environmental NGOs seek to effect
change in areas relating to human
impact issues in natural systems
such as deforestation, loss
of biodiversity or pollution of
the air, soil and water. The
UN Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) was created with
the purpose of advocating
and representing scientific
issues and collaboration among
environmental NGOs. Science
graduates with majors in
ecology, zoology, plant
science, entomology,
microbiology, soil science, geology,
chemistry and environmental
studies are highly sought after by
environmental NGOs.
International development NGOs employ agricultural scientists
to help farmers in developing countries by teaching them new
agricultural techniques.
Ms Gibbons agrees that because
environmental NGO campaigns are
founded on evidence and science, a
degree in this area can be a real asset
in breaking into the sector. “While
not a prerequisite for employment,
a background in the ecological,
biological or environmental sciences
can help in many positions. There are
many ways to become involved as
an intern, volunteer or paid employee
with roles ranging from campaigning,
administration, fundraising, IT,
communications and media, politics
and a lot more.”
Other NGOs focus on specific diseases
such as cancer, AIDS, malaria or
tuberculosis, and science graduates
are employed to research cures, or
ways of preventing the spread of these
diseases, or to plan responses to health
emergencies in developing countries.
Graduates with a background
in microbiology, immunobiology,
pharmacology, physiology, cell
pathology, anatomy and histology,
biochemistry or molecular biology, can
all work for these disease-focussed
NGOs.
Animal welfare NGOs employ
graduates with majors in veterinary
science, biology, zoology and livestock
production.
Social development NGOs focus on
areas such as mental health, child
protection, social services, indigenous
programs, human rights and refugee
rights. Science graduates with a variety
of backgrounds, especially psychology,
nutrition and geography, are employed
in social development roles.
International development NGOs
employ agricultural scientists to
help farmers in developing countries
by teaching them new agricultural
techniques, offering new breeds
of crops and helping malnourished
populations gain access to food.
Some NGOs specifically concentrate
on science by expanding the scientific
capacity of developing regions through
targeted professional training and
exchange programs.
Further, because funding for NGOs
mainly comes from donations
from individuals and philanthropic
organisations, rather than government
funding, fundraising officers with
relevant science backgrounds play a
key role in effectively raising public
support.
Roles for science graduates across
the different types of NGOs can range
from scientific research to running
education programs to devising
strategies to protect or further the
NGO’s central issue. With a science
background, graduates in these roles
can speak with authority on the
science-based issues at hand and
influence government policies relating
to these issues.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
PATHWAYS
Industry bodies
–– UN Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
–– Australian Council For International
Development
Our courses
–– All. Refer to p58.
Our majors
–– All. Refer to p68.
Statistics
–– Over $896 million was donated by
Australians through private donations
to NGOs in the 2010-11 period
–– $135 million was allocated to the
NGO and community engagement
program sector out of the $4.3 billion
2010/2011 aid budget in Australia
Average salaries
–– $68,000. Salaries in NGOs vary widely
according to how well resourced the
particular organisation is and the role
type.
Source: MyCareer.com.au
GRADUATE PROFILE: CLAIRE FARRUGIA
Freelance environmental communicator at Cives Mundi ONGD
Claire’s interest in animals and communication began at university where she completed a Bachelor of Animal and
Veterinary Bioscience at Sydney followed by a Postgraduate Diploma in Science Communication.
After completing her studies, Claire started in the communications area at the Australian Museum coordinating and
delivering science programs to the school community in the city, suburbs and bush. While working in this diverse position,
Claire’s interest in science outreach and education developed. She always wanted to live and work in the developing world
to try to help conserve vulnerable environments and communities.
Claire’s next step was as an Australian Youth Ambassador for Development coordinating programs in animal welfare in
Vanuatu (pictured). It was a rewarding experience - and one where her skills helped her greatly. “In Vanuatu I set up a
series of village animal health days. Myself, the vet and my local counterpart would often find ourselves under a banyan
tree on a tiny island with a box full of instruments and drugs to desex and worm dogs and cats,” she says.
“Very few people outside the capital city had heard of a veterinarian, so when we arrived the whole village came to watch.
So there I was acting as a ‘vet nurse’ - holding veins, giving instruments monitoring breathing - while also explaining in the
local language Bislama what an antibiotic is, what an anaesthetic does and how the animal will change its behaviour after
the procedure. At that moment I was glad I went to animal physiology classes.”
Claire then worked in Timor-Leste, working in the environmental and agricultural development sector, developing
educational resources for communities and is now a freelance environmental communicator for long established NGO
Cives Mundi.
“While working in this sector my aims are to bring a better awareness and education around the importance of keeping
animals and the environment healthy, preserve biodiversity by using natural resources responsibly, making the best use of new
developments and scientific advances, and most importantly linking this to community health, prosperity and robustness.”
44
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
PSYCHOLOGY
“Psychology applies...scientific knowledge to enhancing
people’s lives...to help people to overcome challenges and
improve their performance.”
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR TIM HANNAN, PRESIDENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN
PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Psychology can lead graduates into
meaningful work in an array of settings.
Businesses and organisations that use
psychology training and psychologists
include corporations and sporting
groups, courts and gaols, hospitals and
mental health facilities, universities and
schools. There is always an option to
work within a private practice as well.
Associate Professor Tim Hannan,
President of the Australian
Psychological Society, says “As a
scientific discipline, psychology
employs scientific methods to explore
human behaviour – how we act,
think and feel, and why we do so.
As a profession, psychology applies
this body of scientific knowledge to
enhancing people’s lives in diverse
settings, through the use of evidencebased strategies and interventions to
help people to overcome challenges
and improve their performance.”
Psychology is a health profession, and
one that is almost unrivalled in the
scope in which it can be applied.
The science of human behaviour
attracts many people who are
interested in brain function, memory,
learning, human development and
the processes determining how
people think, feel, behave and react.
Psychologists use the latest research
on the factors that influence these
processes. They devise and test
methods to improve performance,
address mental illness, and help
people to live happier, healthier lives.
Psychology is a health profession, and
one that is almost unrivalled in the
scope in which it can be applied.
Demand for psychologists is growing,
and the outlook for the industry is
positive. Career opportunities exist in
three main areas:
1. Research and teaching - the science
2. Service provision - the helping
profession
3. Beyond the individual - the
application of social science at a
systems level
Many psychologists move flexibly
across these areas. For example,
some psychologists might conduct
research and provide clinical services
in a mental health setting. Others
may work in universities as well
as conducting private counselling
practices. A health psychologist might
be involved in health promotion in the
community, pain management with
individual clients, and research on
effective health policy. Psychologists
are trained according to a scientistpractitioner model. This means that
practitioners must keep up with the
latest developments in psychological
science, preferably engaging in
research themselves, while researchers
are expected to test their findings in
‘real-world’ contexts – or at least to
be aware of the limitations of research
conducted in artificial or confined
conditions.
Associate Professor Tim Hannan
is a graduate of the University of
Sydney, having completed both an
honours degree in psychology and
a postgraduate masters degree in
clinical psychology in the School of
Psychology.
“Psychology graduates have a set of
skills and attributes that are highly
regarded by organisations and the
general community, including advanced
communication skills, the ability to
design, conduct and evaluate research,
and the ability to think critically and
creatively about problems,” he says.
“Psychology provides graduates with
an exciting diversity of professional
pathways, guaranteed to satisfy and
enrich those who wish to make a
difference to their world through
enriching people’s lives and working for
social and community change.”
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Psychological Society
Accrediting bodies
–– Australian Psychology Accreditation
Council
–– Psychology Board of Australia
Statistics
–– In 2012 there were approximately
28,300 registered Psychologists in
Australia, with the majority of these
working in direct service provision.
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Medical Science (p62)
–– B Psychology (p63)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
Also see the Faculty of Arts and Social
Sciences, Health Sciences and the
University of Sydney Business School.
Our majors
–– Neuroscience (p89)
–– Psychology (p92)
Average salary $74,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
GRADUATE PROFILE: MICHELLE MAHON
Global Data Manager, Standard Media Index
(SMI)
Michelle Mahon’s experience in research design
and statistics during her psychology studies laid the
foundation for an analytical mindset to succeed in a
data driven corporate world.
After completing her honours year at Sydney,
Michelle was offered a research assistant role in a
project that improved the delivery of ECT in Major
Depression.
Michelle’s skills and experience with large datasets
led her to New York, where she now works as Global
Data Manager, Standard Media Index (SMI).
She leads a global team of data managers and has
built a data pipeline of global media spend data
across 30 markets. Her role is to structure the data,
eliminate data anomalies, and turn data into insights
to drive better business performance.
Michelle’s future plans are to take her deep
understanding of the media sector data through
SMI, and help build a better data eco-system for
companies, media owners and society in general.
46
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH
“Working as a scientist is a rewarding and intellectually
challenging career, and the research you carry out can
make a real difference to people’s lives.”
AIDAN BYRNE, CEO OF THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL
Working as a research scientist is
one of the most interesting, exciting,
fulfilling and flexible jobs you can
do. Imagine working underwater to
investigate tropical reef systems, or
at the top of the highest mountain
ranges to uncover the geological
processes of mountain formation, or in
a chemistry lab creating new molecules
that will help us produce green energy.
Imagine working at the forefront of
quantum computing or developing new
medicines or investigating how the
brain stores and recalls memories.
There are no limits to the possibilities
of working as a research scientist – if
you can imagine an area to investigate,
then you can build a career in that
area.
Scientific research takes place in
universities, government research
organisations, hospitals, private
research organisations, museums and
GRADUATE PROFILE: DR LIZ NEW
Researcher, School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney
With her career in chemistry research taking her to the UK, the
US and back to Australia, Dr Liz New has enjoyed the perks of
her scientific research career. Now back working in the School of
Chemistry at Sydney, her research focuses on developing chemical
tools to allow us to understand biology.
“There is nothing quite like scientific research, where every day we can
develop totally new technology, and discover new things about how
systems work. Chemistry has the potential to contribute to all areas of
scientific research and I am particularly interested in how it can help us
understand biology,” says Liz.
Liz completed her Bachelor of Science (Advanced) with first class
Honours in chemistry at the University of Sydney and won the
University Medal for her research on developing fluorescent analogues
of the chemotherapy drug, cisplatin, to allow the drug’s behaviour in
cells to be studied using fluorescence microscopy.
Following on from her Honours research success, Liz completed a
Masters of Science by research at the University of Sydney, continuing
her work on cisplatin with Professor Trevor Hambley (the current Dean
of Science). A PhD at the University of Durham in the UK followed,
then a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California at
Berkeley.
“My research career has given me great opportunities to live in
different countries and to travel extensively to conferences. I’ve also
used amazing equipment around the world,” says Liz.
“Scientific research allows you to make real contributions – whether
they are physical technologies or advances in knowledge. A career in
science gives you the unique opportunity to be curious and then use
lots of different methods to answer those questions.”
in industry. Government research
organisations in Australia include:
Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organisation
(CSIRO), Defence Science and
Technology Organisation (DSTO),
Australian Institute of Marine Science
(AIMS), and Australian Nuclear Science
and Technology Organisation (ANSTO).
Scientific research is not just a
fascinating career choice – it’s
absolutely essential for Australia’s
Australian scientists hold the key to
our country’s future competitiveness,
innovation and productivity.
economy, environment, society and
culture.
“Science is exciting and important.
It helps us understand the world we
live in. In Australia, there are countless
world class opportunities for research
right on our doorstep – think of the
Great Barrier Reef or our pristine
southern skies,” says Professor Aidan
Byrne, CEO of the Australian Research
Council.
“Into the future we will also need
to focus on research areas that
will underpin Australia’s future
development – such as mathematics,
engineering, materials science,
biotechnology and nanotechnology,
information technology and
communications.
“Working as a scientist is a rewarding
and intellectually challenging career,
and the research you carry out can
make a real difference to people’s lives,
and contribute to our understanding of
the planet and our society.”
Scientific research drives the
productivity and innovation capacity
of nations internationally, and for
Australia specifically. The Organisation
for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) has identified
that public and private research and
development exert significant effects
on our national productivity.
Working as a scientist is extremely
fulfilling as it allows you to help find
solutions to the most significant
challenges of our time, such as our
changing climate, diseases, food
availability and national security.
Research scientists get to travel
internationally as part of the job to use
equipment, visit field sites and collect
samples, work with collaborators
and present findings to international
audiences at conferences. The
collaborative nature of science is
another attractive feature – scientists
work with other scientists, industry,
community organisations, government
and the international community.
Australian scientists hold the key to
our country’s future competitiveness,
innovation and productivity. A career
in science is inherently fascinating and
fulfilling on a personal level, and hugely
important on a national and global level.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Research Council
–– National Health and Medical Research
Council
–– Australian Academy of Science
Statistics
Average salary
–– Research and development: $80,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– All. Refer to p58.
Our majors
–– All. Refer to p68.
48
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
SPORT SCIENCE
“Studying science has been extremely useful to me
as an athlete.”
DR ANDREW BLACK, FORMER AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL TEAM ROWER AND
UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND
COLLABORATION
Great results in sport are not achieved
by chance. Along with the hard work
and discipline required to become
a successful athlete, the science
behind sport is a key factor in many
improvements and achievements.
The skills gained in a science degree
can be used to assess and develop
better sports programs as well as
improve performance. Scientific
analysis and research provide an
essential framework for understanding
the physical, mechanical and
psychological aspects of sports
performance, the dynamics of sports
techniques and the technology
associated with sports equipment.
Science is also integral to
understanding the effects of training,
fitness, endurance and fatigue on the
body, from a molecular and cellular
level to cardiovascular, musculoskeletal
and psychological responses.
Identifying the genes that may impact
on physical strength and endurance, as
well as those that affect psychological
factors such as persistence and
competitive drive, may one day help to
identify talent and suitability for certain
sports. The genetics of injury recovery
is also an evolving area of scientific
investigation.
Dr Andrew Black, former Australian
national team rower and University
of Sydney Director of Research
Development and Collaboration, is
someone who appreciates the benefits
of a science degree in sport. “Studying
science has been extremely useful
to me as an athlete. Not only does it
provide a framework for understanding
the basic principles of sporting
techniques and performance, it gives
you valuable knowledge about
A strong scientific education can be an
effective springboard to several career
options in sport and exercise disciplines.
methodological approaches to problem
solving and learning.”
Given the continuing emergence
of many new technologies, science
can also provide a methodical and
systematic approach for coaches,
athletes and teams seeking to improve
performance. Examining the physics
of movement and skills acquisition,
investigating the biological changes
that occur during workouts, analysing
and improving the design of sporting
equipment and monitoring how the
body and mind deal with the demands
of performance are just some of the
ways in which science can help to
improve sporting success.
It’s not just elite sports where science
has a leading role. Physical activity has
an important impact on the human
body and is a key part of a healthy
lifestyle. Understanding the scientific
basis of physical activity is an essential
part of promoting positive health
behaviours to people of all ages and
abilities.
A strong scientific education can
be an effective springboard to
several career options in sport and
exercise disciplines. As in many other
science-related fields, postgraduate
qualifications may be essential or highly
beneficial for certain careers. Below
are samples of career opportunities
for science graduates in sports-related
fields:
–– Biomechanist: conducts research
in the area of sports performance
and sports techniques, footwear
development, acute and chronic injury
prevention and treatment strategies
–– Sports statistician: collects and
analyses data from athletes and
sporting events
–– Exercise physiologist: analyses how
physical movement affects human
function; assesses muscle strength,
breathing and heart rate to help build
training programs for athletes
–– Sports/exercise scientist: applies
scientific principles to sporting
activities; works to enhance athletic
performance and minimise the risk
of injury; may focus on research into
sporting techniques and development
of equipment
–– Sports psychologist: assists
athletes in achieving goals by better
understanding their mental strengths
and weaknesses; helps athletes
to develop strategies to enhance
performance
–– Sports dietitian: provides expert
guidance on nutritional needs for
athletes, including ways to maximise
energy levels, what to eat and drink
before, during and after competition
and how to maintain appropriate body
fat levels
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Academy of Science
–– Australian Institute of Physics
–– Australian Psychological Society
–– Exercise and Sports Science Australia
–– Sports Dietitians Australia
–– Sports Medicine Australia
–– Dieticians Association of Australia
Statistics
Average salaries
–– Exercise physiologist:
$75,000
–– Research scientist:
$80,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
Growth and opportunities
One of Australia’s competitive
advantages in recent years has been
strong innovation in sports research
and development, making Australian
athletes better prepared and equipped
than many competitors. It is predicted
that innovation, research, science and
technology will continue to be drivers
of Australian sporting excellence in the
coming decades.
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Medical Science (p62)
–– B Psychology (p63)
–– B Science (p64)
GRADUATE PROFILE: WILLIAM TONG
Postgraduate Teaching Fellow and PhD student,
University of Sydney
William Tong completed a Bachelor of Science (Honours)
at the University of Sydney, and is currently a postgraduate
teaching fellow and PhD student in mathematics. He
is working closely with athletes to improve sporting
performance.
“My research is about modelling and optimising the
twisting somersault for platform divers, but the work could
also be applied to trampolinists, gymnasts or aerial skiers,”
he says.
William is collaborating with the NSW Institute of Sport
and working with several Olympic athletes. “I measure and
collect divers’ somersaulting data and compare it to my
mathematical model. If the reality and theoretical results
are similar, I can use my model to discover new manoeuvres
for a particular dive or maybe even a completely new dive.
This type of research could even increase the chances of
another gold medal at the Olympics,” William enthuses.
William explains that a key advantage of an undergraduate
science degree at Sydney is the capability to apply it to
many – often unexpected – areas, like sport. “You don’t
need to be sporty to get into sports! With your science
knowledge and the ability to progress and adapt, it can
take you beyond the confines of science and into the real
world. Once you learn how to apply the theory to real-life
applications, you begin to see things in a new light.”
William believes that sport is an area where scientific
knowledge is critical. “There are areas which require
ongoing research, teaching methods that could be refined
and equipment that can be improved to guide the next
Olympian,” he explains.
“Science can lead you in many exciting directions. Even
though you may not see the big picture when you start, the
undergraduate steps will eventually lead you there.”
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
–– B Science/M Nutrition and Dietetics
(p66)
Options are also available in the Faculty
of Health Sciences.
Our majors
–– Anatomy and Histology (p74)
–– Food Science (p81)
–– Immunobiology (p84)
–– Mathematics (p86)
–– Microbiology (p87)
–– Molecular Biology and Genetics (p87)
–– Nutrition and Metabolism (p89)
–– Pharmacology (p90)
–– Physiology (p91)
–– Psychology (p92)
50
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
SUSTAINABILITY
“More industries are cottoning on to the business case
of sustainability.”
CRAIG ROUSSAC, CEO OF BUILDINGS ALIVE
A new wave of professionals are driving
environmentally conscious design,
policy, and technology in the growing
field of sustainability.
Where sustainability
used to be a way for
companies to satisfy
environmentally
conscious customers,
it is now seen as an
actual engine for
growth in business.
Sustainability became a buzzword in
the late 80s when people realised the
need to reduce waste, energy use and
pollution to ensure the health of the
planet and ourselves. But, over the last
10 years, sustainability has become an
integral part of innovative businesses
and governments.
analyses. Sustainability managers
are hired directly by companies or by
consultancy firms.
While it used to be a way for companies
to satisfy environmentally conscious
customers, sustainability is now seen as
an actual engine for growth in business.
A United Nations study conducted
in 2011 revealed that almost 95 per
cent of CEOs believe sustainability is
“important” or “very important” to the
future success of their company.
Mr Roussac, who is now completing a
PhD in architecture at the University of
Sydney, says, “Science graduates are
a valuable part of sustainability teams
because sustainability is done well
when it is based on sound evidence, so
we need the scepticism and scrutiny
that people with scientific training can
bring.”
Craig Roussac, CEO of Buildings
Alive, says, “More industries are
cottoning on to the business case of
sustainability.” Mr Roussac is leading
the field in developing “green”, or
sustainable, buildings. His company
provides a sophisticated energy
efficiency feedback service that helps
building operators quickly find ways to
improve how their buildings use energy.
“Being a responsible business helps
you differentiate yourself from your
competitors, while saving you money
through being efficient,” he says.
He also recommends a combined
degree for the broad knowledge base
that is important in this industry.
He says, “We need to work in an
interdisciplinary way so science as
a double degree, combined with
humanities or business, is very helpful.”
A number of companies now hire
sustainability managers or corporate
responsibility managers to maximise the
eco-efficiency of their business. A large
part of a sustainability manager’s job is
to audit a business’ waste production
and use of energy and water. They will
design and deliver strategies to reduce
waste, measure the results, report on
successes, and perform cost-benefit
The more traditional sector of
environmental protection and
legislation is another good option
for graduates hoping to work in the
field of sustainability. This sector
develops and enforces environmental
policy and legislation to improve
the environment and sustainability.
Environmental protection officers
(EPOs) audit industries and businesses,
and negotiate appropriate responses to
breaches of environmental regulations.
EPOs are hired by companies,
government authorities (e.g.
Environmental Protection Authorities),
and consultancies. EPOs will also work
with environmental scientists, planners,
and community groups to manage
natural systems, minimise pollution
and rehabilitate sites to protect and
improve ecosystems.
In order to make the laws that protect
the environment, you’ll need to be
a public servant in a government
department, such as the Department
of Sustainability, Environment,
Water, Population and Communities.
Government departments and
agencies will employ environmental
scientists or policy advisors who
have the responsibility of gathering
peer-reviewed scientific evidence that
GRADUATE PROFILE: LINDSAY SOUTAR
National Campaign Coordinator, 100% Renewable Community
Campaign
Imagine knowing that you have helped establish a $10 billion
fund for renewable energy in Australia. For Lindsay Soutar, the
experience has been one of the highlights of her career.
“It was pretty amazing when I got to travel to Canberra to
submit a report documenting 15,000 conversations with
community groups, then finding out a few weeks later that
our efforts had helped establish a multibillion-dollar renewable
energy fund,” says the former geography honours student
who is now the National Campaign Coordinator for the 100%
Renewable Community Campaign.
Lindsay’s passion for environmental sustainability started
at university where she completed honours and worked at
the Australian Mekong Resource Centre in Thailand. After
university, Lindsay initiated a volunteer community organisation
in her local area – Climate Action Newtown. This ultimately
led her to start up her own organisation, the 100% Renewable
Community Campaign, for which Lindsay was awarded the 2011
Environment Minister’s Young Environmentalist of the Year
Award.
Despite the “full time plus” working conditions that comes with
starting up an organisation, Lindsay’s job give her enormous
satisfaction from “working on one of the most challenging and
fast changing areas of public decision making and on a really
important global issue that I care WATCH VIDEO AT
deeply about.”
http://sydney.edu.au/
science/career/videos
will help develop policy ideas, draft
guidelines, and generate legislative
solutions for environmental problems.
A number of similar opportunities
also exist within non-government
organisations (NGOs) – such as the
Centre for Policy Development and
Nature Conservation Council of NSW–
who influence policy by conducting
research, campaigning and lobbying
government departments, and
preparing reports.
In this rapidly growing sector, there
are opportunities to work to achieve
sustainability across a broad range of
businesses and industries; you just
need to find the right fit for you.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Government bodies
–– Department of the Environment
–– NSW Office of Environment and
Heritage
–– Environment Protection Authority
NSW
–– Environment Institute of Australia and
New Zealand
Industry bodies
–– Sustainable Energy Association of
Australia
–– Professionals Australia
–– Models of Success and Sustainability
–– International Society of Sustainability
Professionals
–– Sustainable Business Australia
–– Environmental Defenders Offices
–– Environment Victoria
Statistics
–– The global green economy is worth
$6 trillion and is the world’s fastest
growing market
–– In Australia, current estimates
suggest that there are between
50,000-300,000 green collar workers,
and that this figure will grow to
847,000 jobs by 2030
Average salaries
–– Environmental consultant: $70,000
–– Environmental science: $97,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Animal and Veterinary Science (p60)
–– B Environmental Systems (p61)
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Our majors
–– Agricultural Chemistry (p70)
–– Agricultural Genetics (p72)
–– Agricultural Systems (p73)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Entomology (p79)
–– Environmental Studies (p79)
–– Farming Systems (p80)
–– Geography (p82)
–– Geology and Geophysics (p82)
–– Horticulture (p83)
–– Livestock Production (p85)
–– Marine Science (p85)
–– Natural Terrestrial Systems (p88)
–– Plant Pathology (p91)
–– Soil Science (p93)
52
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
TOMORROW’S TECHNOLOGIES
“Science, innovative thinking and technology have
dramatically changed the way you and I live.”
DR MEGAN CLARKE, CEO OF THE CSIRO
The world of advanced technology
is evolving quickly. Photonics,
optics, quantum technology, and
nanotechnologies are key enabling
or ‘frontier’ technologies for the
21st century. They are essential
drivers for growing industry
sectors such as communication,
transport, manufacturing, and
information technologies. In fact, the
telecommunication and information
technology revolution of recent years
is the result of advances in photonics
that have allowed vastly higher
communications bandwidths over
longer distances.
Australia is at the forefront of
developments in these technological
fields. Global companies in a range of
major industries are benefiting from
Australian innovations in aeronautics,
electronics, computing, and health, to
name a few. These technologies also
represent thriving fields of research in
Australia. They are delivering significant
breakthroughs that will have longlasting impacts on the way we live.
One of the most outstanding Australian
developments is the invention of WiFi,
which makes wireless communication
possible.
GRADUATE PROFILE: DR JOSEPH BEVITT
Scientific Coordinator, ANSTO Bragg Institute
Dr Joseph Bevitt completed a Bachelor of Science (Advanced) (Honours) at
the University of Sydney, and appreciates the opportunity he had to study with
the best and brightest developing scientific minds in the country. “Your choice
of university is crucial – it provides your networking framework and support
base from which you will call upon throughout your working life,” says Joseph.
Joseph strongly believes that developing skills and knowledge through a
University of Sydney science degree allows students the freedom to explore
the depth and breadth of scientific endeavours, and to find out what really
captures their imagination. “The variety of courses and modules on offer, the
ability to approach academics for summer vacation research experience, the
high quality of teaching and lab support staff are all wonderful reasons to study
science at Sydney,” enthuses Joseph.
Joseph obtained his PhD in chemistry from the University of Sydney in 2006
and now works as the Scientific Coordinator of the Australian Nuclear Science
and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Bragg Institute, managing access to
the neutron scattering facilities associated with the OPAL nuclear reactor.
“The OPAL nuclear research reactor is used by ANSTO researchers to make
radioactive materials – each year it creates around 60,000 patient doses of
radiopharmaceuticals used for radiation therapy and medical imaging of the
body’s soft tissues to detect disease,” says Joseph.
OPAL also produces neutrons used for research into understanding the
dynamics of porous materials. “The potential impact of this research is
profound and could lead to development of systems that reduce our need for
oil and petrol,” says Joseph.
Dr Megan Clarke, CEO of the CSIRO,
is embracing the development of these
emerging technologies. A member
of the Prime Minister’s Science,
Engineering and Innovation Council,
Dr Clarke began her career as a mine
geologist and has worked in mineral
exploration, mine geology, and research
and development management. She
says, “Science, innovative thinking and
technology have dramatically changed
the way you and I live – creating
radical advances in every segment of
our life. These things have brought
the world closer and every day, indeed
every second of every day, we see
new inventive, ground-breaking trends
emerging that will continue to change
life as we now know it on our planet
and even those beyond.”
A science degree is an ideal base
for opportunities in photonics,
optics, quantum technology and
nanotechnology. For example, a wide
variety of career options exist within
the area of nanoscience, including
chemists, engineers, physicists,
computer, and materials scientists. As
in many other science-related fields,
postgraduate qualifications are often
essential or highly beneficial.
A sample of the career opportunities in
the areas of photonics, optics, quantum
technology, and nanotechnology is
outlined below:
operation and maintenance of
diagnostic medical instruments
–– Nanotechnologist: develops new
experimental methods to manipulate
atoms and molecules
–– Optics engineer: develops optic and
photonic components for scientific
instruments
Our majors
–– Biochemistry (p75)
–– Bioinformatics (p76)
–– Chemistry (p77)
–– Computer Science (p78)
–– Information Systems (p84)
–– Nanoscience and Technology (p88)
–– Neuroscience (p89)
–– Physics (p90)
–– Photonic research scientist: develops
the next generation of photonic
devices for data communications
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Royal Australian Chemical Institute
–– Australian Institute of Physics
Statistics
Average salaries
–– Computer scientist: develops software –– Research and development: $80,000
–– Technical scientist: $80,000
tools for modeling complex systems
Source: MyCareer.com.au
–– Engineer: manufactures, machines and
PATHWAYS
manipulates material to smaller and
smaller dimensions
Our courses
–– Industrial chemist/materials scientist:
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
develops methods for synthesising
–– B Medical Science (p62)
and assembling extremely small
–– B Science (p64)
structures atom-by-atom
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
–– Medical physicist: involved in the
(p65)
commissioning, calibration, safe
WHAT IS:
Nanotechnology: manipulation of
materials on atomic scales
Optics: use of lenses and mirrors to
manipulate light
Photonics: use of materials e.g.
optical fibres to manipulate light
Quantum technology: engineering
of physical devices and systems that
manipulate quantum particles (eg.
individual photons and electrons)
54
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
VET & ANIMAL INDUSTRIES
“If you decide to work in the animal industries, you will
join a band of passionate professionals who care about
animals and love what they are doing.”
DR CAMERON ARCHER, DIRECTOR OF THE TOCAL AGRICULTURAL CENTRE, NSW
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES
With the highest incidence of pet
ownership in the world and widespread
breeding of livestock for food and
recreation, veterinary and animal
industries are thriving in Australia.
One way of entering into this field is
as a veterinarian, who treats sickness,
disease, and injury for companion
animals and livestock.
A degree in veterinary science prepares
veterinarians in a wide variety of
skills for a diverse career path. Dr
Ben Gardiner, President, Australian
Veterinary Association, says: “A
veterinary qualification is unique among
modern professions. From sophisticated
medicine and surgery across many
animal species, to public health, animal
production, wildlife ecology or research,
the options for a rewarding career in
the veterinary profession are many and
varied.
The majority of veterinarians enter
private veterinary business in veterinary
practice. Most veterinary practice
work relates to companion animals
in households in the major cities and
regional towns. The remainder involves
veterinary services to a wide range
of species in different management
systems – for example poultry, cattle,
sheep, pigs, goats, alpacas, and horses.
A vet degree also equips veterinarians
with a vast range of skills they can
use in a number of careers other than
veterinary practice.
There is a vast range of skills that
veterinarians can use in a number of
careers other than veterinary practice.
An especially important role for
veterinarians is the monitoring of animal
welfare in suburban, peri-urban and
rural areas of Australia. Monitoring is
most often done in private veterinary
practice when examining animals in
the clinic or hospital, and on Australian
farms.
Monitoring the disease status of animal
populations is another important role
for all veterinarians. It has critical
ramifications for a safe, secure, reliable
food supply here in Australia, as well
as for our ability to meet the needs of
overseas markets. Disease monitoring
tracks the various animal diseases
already present in Australia, and detect
as quickly as possible any new diseases
not previously seen in Australia’s
animals.
But being a veterinarian is not the only
way of working with animals. There
are other qualifications besides a
veterinary degree that can lead to very
rewarding opportunities in the animal
industries. Dr Cameron Archer from
the Department of Primary Industries,
which employs many graduates to work
with animals in agriculture, fisheries and
biosecurity, says, “You will be surprised
how many jobs are out there where
people are working with animals in one
way or another.”
He says the vast range of
animal-related jobs can be from
pharmaceuticals to government
services, zoos, artificial breeding,
natural resource management,
management of invasive animals,
medical research, teaching at various
levels in education, and working
as an animal nutritionist. Dr Archer
agrees that a career in this industry
is a rewarding option for people who
are passionate about our nation’s
fauna. “If you decide to work in the
animal industries you will join a band
of passionate professionals who care
about animals and love what they are
doing.”
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Industry bodies
–– Australian Veterinary Association
–– Veterinary Practitioners Board of NSW
–– Australian Pesticides and Veterinary
Medicines Authority
–– Australian Companion Animal Council
Statistics
–– There are currently about 10,000
veterinarians registered in Australia
and about 7,500 of them work in
private veterinary businesses.
–– The seven veterinary schools in
Australia graduate about 500 new
veterinarians annually.
Average salaries
–– Veterinarian: $84,000
–– Animal/farm management: $55,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
(p60)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
–– Bachelor of Veterinary Biology/Doctor
of Veterinary Medicine (p67)
Our majors
–– Agricultural Genetics (p72)
–– Agricultural Systems (p73)
–– Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
(p75)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Entomology (p79)
–– Farming Systems (p80)
–– Food Science (p81)
–– Livestock Production (p85)
–– Natural Terrestrial Systems (p88)
–– Veterinary Science (p94)
GRADUATE PROFILE: KIRI BROAD
Beef Extension Officer, Department of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland
On any given day, Kiri Broad can find herself helping farmers with the
nutrition and breeding of their cattle, running workshops and field days, or
working with beef producers to boost their productivity.
Her diverse and action-packed days are thanks to her job as beef extension
officer at the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF),
where she is living her dream of working out doors with animals.
As well as the cattle, Kiri also loves her job at DAFF for the variety, the
different people she gets to work with, and the opportunity to problem
solve. “I also get a lot of satisfaction from knowing that I may have assisted
a producer increase the efficiency or productivity of their beef business,”
she says.
Having grown up around animals on a small acreage, Kiri started to get
interested in a career working with them after doing agriculture at high
school. She then decided to enrol in a Bachelor of Animal and Veterinary
Biosciences to gain a technical knowledge base for the industry. To this
theoretical background, Kiri also added a lot of practical experience
– including working as a Jillaroo, at a dairy farm, with the national
agribusiness company Landmark as a graduate cadet, before relocating to
Queensland for her current role with DAFF.
Kiri says that her university degree and practical experience have gone
hand-in-hand in allowing her to learn and progress in her job. “Uni gave me
an understanding of the scientific basis of a lot of things, and through my
work I have been able to build on this knowledge by applying it on-farm and
in different areas of the country.”
56
INDUSTRIES & SECTORS IN THE
NATURAL SCIENCES
WATER
“Water is such a huge issue and there is
so much work to be done that I really do
encourage graduates to get involved.”
DR RHONDDA DICKSON, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF THE MURRAY DARLING
BASIN AUTHORITY
Living on the driest inhabited continent
on Earth, Australians know the value of
water. The issue of water in Australia
is so critical that Dr Rhondda Dickson,
Chief Executive of the Murray Darling
Basin Authority (MDBA), says our water
industry is of “national importance in
terms of human water needs, industrial
use, food production and our natural
environment.”
The industry is currently experiencing
rapid growth, which is creating
unprecedented career opportunities.
Water industry bodies anticipate
that approximately $30 billion will be
invested in infrastructure over the
next 10 years and that 40,000 new
employees will be needed by 2018.
“It’s definitely an area where the
number of positions will continue to
increase. Water is such a huge issue and
there is so much work to be done that
I really do encourage graduates to get
involved,” says Dr Dickson.
Ian Rowbottom, AECOM’s Water
Industry Director, agrees, saying that
the industry is no longer “the domain
of the male engineer”, but has grown to
include more female engineers as well
as more scientists and other disciplines,
which is increasingly essential to deal
with the complex array of issues facing
the water industry.
As a whole, the water industry looks
after all aspects of the water cycle and
GRADUATE PROFILE: MARC DALEY
Coastal Advisor, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage
Growing up on Sydney’s northern beaches, Marc Daley forged a close
relationship with the coast from a young age. “I was part of the local surf
club and was in the water pretty much every day,” remembers Marc.
This daily exposure to the beach enabled Marc to see first-hand how his local
coastline was being managed, and inspired him to play a key role in coastal
management.
In keeping with his childhood dreams, Marc is a Coastal Advisor for the
NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, and in his role, provides advice on
managing the impacts of hazards on NSW coasts, beaches and estuaries.
Marc’s path to winning his dream job started with a marine science degree at
Sydney, where he studied marine biology, oceanography, geology and coastal
zone management. Next, Marc enrolled in honours, which he says was
essential in opening the door to his PhD and future job.
It was contacts developed during his PhD that led Marc to his current
job, in which he says no two days are the same. “Any day could see me
implementing policy reform, improving planning and management within the
coastal zone or writing briefing notes for the Minister.
“I feel lucky to have landed a job that’s in-line with my studies in the field I’m
passionate about, and it’s rewarding to be making an ongoing difference to
how we manage our coastline for both our and future generations.”
its management: supply, treatment,
wastewater treatment, resource
planning, policy, law and research. The
sector is spilt into distinct areas such as
urban water (e.g. drinking water, waste
water and stormwater); rural water
(e.g. irrigation); surface water; pollution;
and protection of groundwater, rivers,
wetlands and estuaries.
The sector employs many professionals
with science and mathematics skills.
Hydrologists, for example, solve waterrelated problems such as controlling
river flooding or designing agricultural
irrigation schemes. Other jobs include
developing advanced treatment
processes to ensure wastewater
and stormwater can be used, or
Water security is one of the
main environmental policy areas
for the government.
monitoring harmful freshwater and
marine organisms. Depending on your
preference, science-related roles can
mean spending lots of time in the field
(e.g. collecting samples from rivers),
in the laboratory (e.g. water quality
analysis), or in front of the computer
(e.g. mathematical modeling to predict
groundwater levels).
Water authorities also employ engineers
– who are central to the sector – in
creating and operating infrastructure
needed for collecting, storing, purifying,
delivering, and managing water.
Another major area, which is increasing
in its demand for specialists, is policy
and planning. The water industry faces
complex issues requiring innovative
and workable solutions. Professionals
are needed to create rules for water
accounting, trade and sustainability.
Because water security is one of
the main environmental policy areas
for the government, many positions
are within the public sector. The
main government employers are: the
Australian Government Department
of the Environment, state or territory
environmental bodies (e.g. z) and the
associated Environmental Protection
Authority (EPA); regional Catchment
Management Authorities (CMA); and
local governments.
Graduate programs are an excellent
way to get started in the water industry,
and almost all agencies have them.
Dr Dickson says the MDBA hires
many science graduates, with a range
of majors, especially through their
graduate program. You can even get a
foot in the door while still at university
via the cadetship program, which Dr
Dickson says develops the right skills
and increases students’ opportunity of
working with the MDBA in the future.
Consultancy firms are also a major
source of employment. Mr Rowbottom
from AECOM – one of the largest
technical consultancies in the world
– says scientists working in the
consulting industry can “expand beyond
pure water science roles into more
general environmental assessment and
participation in construction teams.”
Mr Rowbottom adds that consultancy
firms provide opportunities to work on
international water projects with aid and
relief agencies. “Working in the water
industry not only provides significant
career development, it’s also helping to
make a difference to the environment
and to people’s lives,” he says.
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Government bodies
–– Australian Government Department
of the Environment
–– National Water Quality Management
Strategy
–– National Water Commission
–– Bureau of Meteorology Australia
Industry bodies
–– Australian Water Association
–– Stormwater Industry Association
–– Water Industry Operators Association
–– Water Services Association of
Australia
–– Irrigation Australia
–– Australian Society of Limnology
–– Australian Coastal Society
Statistics
–– Employs 80,000 people
–– Has an annual turnover of over $8
billion
–– Contains over 400 water providers
–– $30 billion will be spent on water
infrastructure over the next 10 years
–– There will be a demand for 40,000
new employees by 2018
Average salaries
–– Environmental scientist: $97,000
–– Laboratory scientist: $82,000
–– Scientist: $80,000
Source: MyCareer.com.au
PATHWAYS
Our courses
–– B Environmental Systems (p61)
–– B Liberal Arts and Science (p62)
–– B Science (p64)
–– B Science (Advanced) (p64)
–– B Science in Agriculture (p65)
Our majors
–– Agricultural Systems (p73)
–– Biology (p76)
–– Environmental Studies (p79)
–– Geography (p82)
–– Geology and Geophysics (p82)
–– Marine Science (p85)
–– Natural Terrestrial Systems (p88)
YOUR NATURAL
SCIENCES
COURSE
OPTIONS
HOW TO USE THIS SECTION:
This section provides you with information
about the range of courses on offer. It is the
next step in finding out which course suits you
best for your future.
You will find information about the course, the
academic requirements, the length of the
course, a sample pathway (what you will study)
and a list of the majors or specialisations
available to you.
60
COURSE INDEX
BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
PLEASE NOTE: There will be no further intakes for this course. The information on this page is for current students of the course.
Students interested in studying the discipline of Agricultural Economics should consider the following programs:
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (see pg 65) (with Agricultural Economics specialisation) - training in agribusiness for production
agriculture
Bachelor of Food and Agribusiness (see page 61) - training in agribusiness for post-production agriculture
Bachelor of Economics,(See http://sydney.edu.au/arts) with an Agricultural Economics major (available from 2015) - training in economic
theory of post-production agriculture and commodities
Bachelor of Economics (available from 2015) (See http://sydney.edu.au/arts) Bachelor of Science in Agriculture or Bachelor of Science
in Agriculture (Agricultural Economics specialisation) - Training in economic theory and practice and agricultural science for a professional
career as an agricultural economist
BACHELOR OF ANIMAL & VETERINARY BIOSCIENCE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 84.50/31 2014 International students ATAR/IB 79.50/29 Rural entry scheme See page 96
UAC course code 512105 CRICOS code 053423E
Duration 4 years FT (incl Honours)/8 years PT (incl Honours)
Mid year entry No English requirements (international) IELTS 6.5 (min 6.0 in each band) IBT 90 (min 21 in Writing)
Assumed knowledge Chemistry, Mathematics Recommended studies Biology
The Bachelor of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience (AVBS) is a flexible applied science program that allows you to tailor your studies to your
specific interests, within the field of animal science. Starting with a strong science foundation, the four year course develops scientific
skills in applied animal health and disease; behaviour and welfare science; genetics and biotechnology; nutrition and feed technology;
reproduction and assisted reproductive technologies; animal production and emerging animal industries.
Emphasis is placed on the development of analytical, quantitative, computing and communication skills, as well as animal handling and
management and includes at least 60 days of practical, faculty-supported work experience and professional development activities. The
course is based at our Camperdown campus for the first three years, but you will also make use of the faculty’s large animal teaching and
research facilities at the University’s farms and Camden campus. In your final year, you will select an advanced coursework program in either
animal genetics and wildlife at our Camperdown campus, or animal health and production at our Camden Campus. You may choose to
complete an individual honours research project in an animal science area of your choice as part of your fourth year program.
YEAR 1
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
UNDERSTANDING
LANDSCAPES
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
ANIMAL
ENERGETICS &
HOMEOSTASIS
ANIMAL
CONSERVATION
BIOLOGY
ANIMAL
REPRODUCTION
ANIMAL
NUTRITION
ANIMAL PRODUCTION OR
GENETICS ELECTIVES
ANIMAL
PRODUCTION
OR GENETICS
ELECTIVES
BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
ANIMAL
STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
ANIMAL
STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ANIMAL
GENETICS
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
OR GENETICS ELECTIVES
OR HONOURS RESEARCH
PROJECT
AS AT LEFT
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
AGRICULTURAL
GENETICS
INTRO VETERINARY
PATHOGENESIS
AVBS ELECTIVE
AVBS ELECTIVE
INTRO
STATISTICS
ANIMAL
BIOSCIENCE
STATISTICAL
METHODS
AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS
AVBS ELECTIVE
AVBS ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
AREAS OF INTEREST Animal Welfare; Animal Behaviour; Animal Nutrition; Animal Production and Husbandry; Animal Reproduction; Animal
Health and Disease; Animal Genetics and Biotechnology; Conservation Genetics and Biotechnology; Global Food Crisis.
61
BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 80.50/29 2014 International students ATAR/IB 82/30
UAC course code 511006 CRICOS code 068774C
Duration 3 years FT Mid year entry No English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics, Chemistry
The course comprehensively examines both natural and agricultural systems. It differs from other environmental and agricultural courses in
that it has a clear focus on building knowledge and skills in quantitative analysis across disciplines and the application of systems thinking
to the issues of the day such as climate change, water, food security and carbon emissions. This unique course addresses the tensions and
synergies of ecosystems. You will complete core units that span the plant sciences, hydrology, geomorphology, soil science and biosphereatmosphere interactions. Depending on your academic performance, you may apply for an additional honours year.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
AUST ENVIRONMENTS &
CLIMATE
ECOLOGICAL
SUSTAINABILITY
PLANT SCIENCE
PLANT SCIENCE
HYDROLOGY
PLANT SCIENCE
INTRO STATISTICAL
METHODS
AG & RESOURCE
ECONOMICS
STATISTICS
ENVIRONMENTAL GIS
SOIL SCIENCE
BIOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
SOIL SCIENCE
HYDROLOGY
STREAM ELECTIVE
STREAM ELECTIVE
BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
STREAM ELECTIVE
STREAM ELECTIVE
STREAM ELECTIVE
STREAM ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
Please note: Stream electives are chosen from the area of agricultural systems or natural terrestrial systems.
SPECIALISATIONS Agricultural Systems (p73); Natural Terrestrial Systems (p88).
BACHELOR OF FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 81.40/30 2014 International students ATAR/IB 82/30
UAC course code 511009 CRICOS code 079022G
Duration 4 years FT Mid year entry No English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics, Chemistry Recommended studies Biology
Globally, the food industry faces pressing challenges such as the need to increase yields sustainably, to address food security, affordability
and uneven global distribution, and to reduce waste and increase energy efficiency.
The Bachelor of Food and Agribusiness focuses on post farm management of food supply, and specifically on the quality, business,
marketing and product development aspects of food and fibre supply. You will undertake a double major in food science and agribusiness
with a compulsory industry internship and an embedded honours year. Areas of study include agribusiness management and marketing, food
science and product development, food safety and packaging, transport and logistics, and food security.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
BUSINESS
AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS
AGRIBUSINESS
MARKETING
CORPORATE
FINANCE
FOOD CHEMISTRY/
BIOCHEMISTRY
FOOD SECURITY
RESEARCH
PROJECT A
RESEARCH
PROJECT B
BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
PLANT FUNCTION
MICROBIOLOGY
PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
FOOD
PROCESSING
RESEARCH
PROJECT A
RESEARCH
PROJECT B
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
PRODUCE
MANAGEMENT
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS
ELECTIVE
INTERNSHIP
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
STATISTICS
ACCOUNTING
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
FOOD SUPPLY
CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS
ELECTIVE
INTERNSHIP
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
MAJORS Agribusiness (p70), Food Science (p81).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Agribusiness Association of Australia, the Australian Society for Horticultural Science and the Australian
Institute of Agricultural Science.
62
COURSE INDEX
BACHELOR OF LIBERAL ARTS & SCIENCE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 70.25/25 2014 International students ATAR/IB 75/27
UAC course code 512009 CRICOS code 068569G
Duration 3 years FT/6 Years PT Mid year entry Yes English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Depends on subject areas chosen. Some units of study assume a level of knowledge of the subject area.
This course is designed to provide you with a background in both the humanities and the sciences, as well as communication and analytical
skills through the liberal studies stream which is identified by potential employers as desirable in a wide range of careers. The course gives
you a large breadth of subject choice.
While graduates of the course will be highly employable, it also provides a suitable background for you to enter into research via the honours
year or master’s by research, or into a postgraduate coursework program for further specialisation. If you have a wide variety of interests
and don’t want to restrict yourself to majors offered in a specialist course, or if you have specific interests in areas covered in both the arts
and the sciences, you will be interested in the Bachelor of Liberal Arts and Science.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE
MAJOR JUNIOR
MAJOR JUNIOR
MAJOR INTERMEDIATE
MAJOR INTERMEDIATE
MAJOR SENIOR
MAJOR SENIOR
MAJOR JUNIOR
MAJOR JUNIOR
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR SENIOR
MAJOR SENIOR
LS: ANALYTICAL THINKING
LS: COMMUNICATION
LS: ETHICS
LS ELECTIVE
LS ELECTIVE
LS ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
Please note: If you complete an arts major, you must also complete a sequence of science units. Alternately, if you complete a science
major, you must also complete an arts sequence.
MAJORS FROM SCIENCE See p64.
MAJORS FROM ARTS American Studies; Ancient History; Anthropology; Arab World, Islam and the Middle East; Arabic Language and
Literature; Archaeology; Art History; Asian Studies; Australian Literature; Biblical Studies; Buddhist Studies; Celtic Studies; Chinese Studies;
Cultural Studies; Digital Cultures; English; European Studies; Film Studies; French Studies; Gender Studies; Germanic Studies; Government
and International Relations; Greek (Ancient); Hebrew (Classical); Hebrew (Modern) ; History; Indigenous Studies (Subject to final approval);
Indonesian Studies; International and Comparative Literary Studies; Italian Studies; Japanese Studies; Jewish Civilisation, Thought and
Culture; Korean Studies; Latin; Linguistics; Modern Greek Studies; Music; Performance Studies; Philosophy; Political Economy; Sanskrit;
Social Policy; Socio-Legal Studies; Sociology; Sociology and Social Policy ; (double major); Spanish and Latin American Studies; Studies in
Religion; World Religion.
BACHELOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 92.50/35 2014 International students ATAR/IB 88/32
UAC course code 512080/512081 (2nd year entry) CRICOS code 016246B
Duration 3 years FT/6 Years PT Mid year entry Yes English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics, Chemistry and Biology or Physics
Courses you can combine with: B Engineering, B Information Technology, Medicine (p67).
The Bachelor of Medical Science will give you an understanding of the structure and function of the human body, from molecules to whole
systems. You will also be introduced to aspects of abnormal functioning. Schools in the Faculty of Science teach the basic sciences: physics,
chemistry, biology, psychology, microbiology, nutrition and biochemistry. A unique feature of the course is that the Sydney Medical School
teaches the clinical sciences: anatomy, pathology, physiology, pharmacology, infectious diseases and immunology. You have the opportunity
to complete your honours year in one of these disciplines.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
MEDICAL SCIENCE
MEDICAL SCIENCE
MAJOR 1
MAJOR 1
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
MEDICAL SCIENCE
MEDICAL SCIENCE
MAJOR 1
MAJOR 1
PHYSICS/PSYCHOLOGY
PHYSICS/PSYCHOLOGY
MEDICAL SCIENCE
MEDICAL SCIENCE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE*
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE*
BIOLOGY
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY &
GENETICS
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
*Students may elect to spread their core medical science units over second and third year.
MAJORS Medical science majors include: Anatomy and Histology (p74); Biochemistry (p75); Cell Pathology (p77); Immunobiology (p84);
Microbiology (p87); Molecular Biology and Genetics (p87); Neuroscience (p89); Nutrition and Metabolism (p89); Pharmacology (p90);
Physiology (p91). Additional science majors are available, see p64.
63
BACHELOR OF PSYCHOLOGY
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 97.00/39 2014 International students ATAR/IB 95/37
UAC course code 512085 CRICOS code 019184J
Duration 4 years FT (incl Honours) Mid year entry No English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge None for psychology subjects. Science stream: Mathematics. All students in the science stream must take some units
of study in mathematics. Other assumed knowledge depends on subjects chosen alongside psychology.
The Bachelor of Psychology (BPsych) is a specialised program with either an arts or science stream. The arts stream caters for students
whose interests lie in the humanities and social sciences, while the science stream caters for those who have science-oriented interests. If
you are interested in both the arts and sciences, there is room in both streams to undertake a small number of elective units in subject areas
other than the one in which you enrolled. The psychology subjects you study are identical for both streams.
In addition to the BPsych, there are many other courses with a recognised major in psychology (e.g. in the science, arts, health sciences,
medical science or liberal arts and science courses).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Psychology Board of Australia, Australian Psychology Accreditation Council, Australian Psychological
Society (APS). For more information about becoming a a registered psychologist, see p92.
Science stream example shown:
YEAR 1
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
MATHEMATICS*
MATHEMATICS*
INTERMEDIATE
PSYCHOLOGY
INTERMEDIATE
PSYCHOLOGY
SENIOR
PSYCHOLOGY
SENIOR
PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
HONOURS
PSYCHOLOGY
HONOURS
PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
INTERMEDIATE
PSYCHOLOGY
INTERMEDIATE
PSYCHOLOGY
SENIOR
PSYCHOLOGY
SENIOR
PSYCHOLOGY
SCIENCE ELECTIVE
SCIENCE ELECTIVE
SCIENCE ELECTIVE
SCIENCE ELECTIVE
SENIOR
PSYCHOLOGY
SENIOR PSYCH OR
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
SENIOR PSYCH OR
ELECTIVE
SENIOR PSYCH OR
ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
*Mathematics units not required for students completing the Arts stream.
BACHELOR OF RESOURCE ECONOMICS
PLEASE NOTE: There will be no further intakes for this course. The information on this page is for current students of the course.
Students interested in studying the discipline of Resource Economics should consider the following programs:
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (see pg 65) (with Agricultural Economics specialisation) - training in agribusiness for production
agriculture
Bachelor of Food and Agribusiness (see page 61) - training in agribusiness for post-production agriculture
Bachelor of Economics,(See http://sydney.edu.au/arts) with an Agricultural Economics major (available from 2015) - training in economic
theory of post-production agriculture and commodities
Bachelor of Economics (available from 2015) (See http://sydney.edu.au/arts) Bachelor of Science in Agriculture or Bachelor of Science
in Agriculture (Agricultural Economics specialisation) - Training in economic theory and practice and agricultural science for a professional
career as an agricultural economist
64
COURSE INDEX
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 83/30 2014 International students ATAR/IB 78/28
UAC course code 512040 CRICOS code 000719E
Duration 3 years FT/6 Years PT Mid year entry Yes English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics or HSC Mathematics Extension 1. Other assumed knowledge depends on units studied.
All students in the BSc must take some units of study in mathematics.
Courses you can combine with: B Arts, B Commerce, B Education, B Engineering, B Information Technology, B Laws, M Nursing,
M Nutrition and Dietetics.
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) allows you the choice of over 30 specialist majors in one course. The extensive list of majors offered
encompasses all types of scientific endeavour, from the fundamental sciences of physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics in all their
wonderful variety, through to psychology, life sciences, sciences of the natural environment, interdisciplinary sciences, and history and
philosophy of science. You will take at least one major in the BSc, and many students complete two.
You are free to take up to one third of your BSc in areas outside science, and are also encouraged to consider the possibility of spending a
semester on exchange at an overseas partner university after your first year.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
MAJOR 1 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT
MAJOR 1 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT
MAJOR 1
MAJOR 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
MAJOR 2 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 1
MAJOR 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE OR
SENIOR ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE OR
SENIOR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
MAJORS Agricultural Chemistry (p70); Anatomy and Histology (p74); Biochemistry (p75); Bioinformatics (p76); Biology (p76); Cell
Pathology (p77); Chemistry (p77); Computer Science (p78); Environmental Studies (p79); Financial Mathematics and Statistics (p81);
Geography (p82); Geology and Geophysics (p82); History and Philosophy of Science (p83); Immunobiology (p84); Information Systems
(p84); Marine Science (p85); Mathematics (p86); Medicinal Chemistry (p86); Microbiology (p87); Molecular Biology and Genetics (p87);
Nanoscience and Technology (p88); Neuroscience (p89); Nutrition and Metabolism (p89); Pharmacology (p90); Physics (p90); Physiology
(p91); Plant Science (p92); Psychology (p92); Soil Science (p93); Statistics (p94).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Many majors in the BSc are recognised by the relevant professional association. For example, if you major
in chemistry you may be eligible for graduate membership of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI).
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ADVANCED)
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 95/37 2014 International students ATAR/IB 93/36
UAC course code 512041 CRICOS code 000719E
Duration 3 years FT/6 Years PT Mid year entry Yes English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics or HSC Mathematics Extension 1. Other assumed knowledge depends on units studied. All students in
the BSc (Adv) must take some units of study in mathematics.
Courses you can combine with (subject to ATAR): B Arts, B Commerce, B Education, B Engineering, B Information Technology, B Laws, M
Nursing, D Medicine, M Nutrition and Dietetics
The advanced science course retains much of the flexibility of the Bachelor of Science. Advanced units cater to the needs of the best
students; the material taught is demanding, but the results are extremely rewarding.
Advanced units are also available to students in any course that allows students to take science units of study including the BSc, BSc
(Advanced Mathematics), Bachelor of Liberal Arts and Science, Bachelor of Arts and most combined courses.
YEAR 1
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
MAJOR 1 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT ADV
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
MAJOR 1 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT ADV
MAJOR 1 ADVANCED
MAJOR 1 ADVANCED
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
MAJOR 2 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT
MAJOR 2 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT
MAJOR 1 ADVANCED
MAJOR 1 ADVANCED
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE OR
SENIOR ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE OR
SENIOR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
MAJORS As for the Bachelor of Science (p64). The following majors are available for study at the advanced level:
Anatomy and Histology (p74); Biochemistry (p75); Bioinformatics (p76); Biology (p76); Chemistry (p77); Computer Science (p78);
Financial Mathematics and Statistics (p81); Geography (p82); Geology and Geophysics (p82); Immunobiology (p84); Marine Science
(p85); Mathematics (p86); Medicinal Chemistry (p86); Microbiology (p87); Nanoscience and Technology (p88); Neuroscience (p89);
Pharmacology (p90); Physics (p90); Physiology (p91); Plant Science (p92); Statistics (p94).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Many majors in the BSc are recognised by the relevant professional association. For example, if you major
in chemistry you may be eligible for graduate membership of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI).
65
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ADVANCED MATHEMATICS)
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 98.35/41 2014 International students ATAR/IB 95/37
UAC course code 512042 CRICOS code 000719E
Duration 3 years FT/6 Years PT Mid year entry Yes English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge HSC Mathematics Extension 2
Courses you can combine with (subject to ATAR): B Arts, B Commerce, B Education, B Engineering, B Information Technology, B Laws, M
Nursing, M Nutrition and Dietetics.
The advanced mathematics course is similar in structure to both the Bachelor of Science and the Bachelor of Science (Advanced). This
course is for you if you are a highly talented student who wants to combine your interest in mathematics with some other area of science or
technology. In this course, you will study the majority of your mathematics material at the advanced level. You also have the opportunity to
complement your study with other advanced science units of study and challenging units from other faculties.
You can study advanced mathematics units in many other courses, including the BSc, BSc (Advanced) and Bachelor of Liberal Arts and
Science and most combined courses.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
INTERMEDIATE MATHS
ADV
INTERMEDIATE MATHS
ADV
SENIOR MATHS ADV
SENIOR MATHS ADV
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
MAJOR 2 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT
MAJOR 2 INTERMEDIATE
UNIT
SENIOR MATHS ADV
SENIOR MATHS ADV
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE OR
SENIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE OR
SENIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2 OR ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
MAJORS Financial Mathematics and Statistics (p81); Mathematics (p86); Statistics (p94).
It is also possible to complete a second major, choosing from those available in the BSc (p64).
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 76.85/28 2014 International students ATAR/IB 82/30
UAC course code 511001 CRICOS code 000659A
Duration 4 years FT (incl Honours)/8 years PT (day only) Mid year entry No English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics, Chemistry
How we will feed the world is one of the greatest challenges facing society today. You will have the opportunity to develop a foundation
in science with an emphasis on how it applies to managing food production and the sustainable use of natural resources. You will develop
strong skills in critical thinking, problem solving, research and communication. Highlighting the connectivity and dynamics of agricultural
systems, you will learn how to apply the principles of science to solutions-based management.
Your course includes a professional development program as a core unit of study. This professional development unit represents an
opportunity for you to apply your knowledge in real-life situations. It prepares you for the workplace and makes you incredibly competitive in
the employment market.
YEAR 1
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
RURAL
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE & THE
ENVIRONMENT
APPLIED
STATISTICAL
METHODS
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
FOOD CHEMISTRY
AGROECOSYSTEMS
RESEARCH
PROJECT A
RESEARCH
PROJECT B
INTRO STATISTICS
AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS
AGRICULTURAL
GENETICS
AGRICULTURAL
ENTOMOLOGY
PLANT DISEASE
SOIL SCIENCE
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
PLANT SCIENCE
MICROBIOLOGY
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
SPECIALISATION
UNIT
PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
SOIL SCIENCE
PLANT SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE
SPECIALISATION
UNIT
SPECIALISATION
UNIT
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
SPECIALISATIONS** Agricultural Chemistry (p70); Agricultural Economics (p71); Agricultural Genetics (p72); Agronomy (p74); Entomology
(p79); Environmetrics (p80); Farming Systems (p80); Food Science (p81); Horticulture (p83); Livestock Production (p85); Plant Pathology
(p91); Soil Science (p93).
**To achieve a specialisation in one of these areas, you will undertake a combination of units of study (specialisation units) and a research
project (Research Project A and Research Project B).
66
COURSE INDEX
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE/BACHELOR OF ARTS
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 83.25/30 2014 International students ATAR/IB 78.25/28
UAC course code 512094 CRICOS code 068691F
Duration 4 years FT/8 Years PT Mid year entry Yes English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics or HSC Mathematics Extension 1. Other assumed knowledge depends on units studied. All students in
this course must take some units of study in mathematics.
The Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Arts course can offer you either a general, vocationally oriented degree or a more specific professional
pathway. There are many possible combinations of majors in the combined program, which allows you to pursue broad interests, while
preparing you for a wide range of careers. This combined program is an ideal choice for all-rounders. Graduates with majors in the sciences
and humanities can be found in many areas of employment, including: government departments and authorities, research laboratories,
research development and design, sample testing and analysis, quality control and laboratory management, environmental science,
information systems analysis, network engineering, resource monitoring, biocontrol, software engineering, rural journalism and marketing.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
MAJOR
INTERMEDIATE UNIT
MAJOR
INTERMEDIATE UNIT
SCIENCE MAJOR
SCIENCE MAJOR
ARTS MAJOR 1
ARTS MAJOR 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 1
MAJOR
INTERMEDIATE UNIT
MAJOR
INTERMEDIATE UNIT
SCIENCE MAJOR
SCIENCE MAJOR
ARTS MAJOR 2 OR
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS MAJOR 2 OR
ARTS ELECTIVE
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
JUNIOR SCIENCE
ELECTIVE 2
INTERMEDIATE
SCIENCE ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE
SCIENCE ELECTIVE
ARTS MAJOR 1
ARTS MAJOR 1
ARTS MAJOR 2 OR
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS MAJOR 2 OR
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS MAJOR 1
ARTS MAJOR 1
ARTS MAJOR 2 OR
ARTS ELECTIVE
ARTS MAJOR 2 OR
ARTS ELECTIVE
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
24 CREDIT POINTS
MAJORS FROM SCIENCE See p64.
MAJORS FROM ARTS American Studies; Ancient History; Anthropology; Arab World, Islam and The Middle East; Arabic Language and
Literature; Archaeology; Art History and Theory; Asian Studies; Australian Literature; Biblical Studies; Buddhist Studies; Celtic Studies;
Chinese Studies; Classical Studies; Cultural Studies; Digital Cultures; Economics; English; European Studies; Film Studies; French Studies;
Gender Studies; Germanic Studies; Government and International Relations; Greek (Ancient); Hebrew (Classical and Modern); History;
Indigenous Australian Studies; Indonesian Studies; International and Comparative Literary Studies; Italian Studies; Japanese Studies; Jewish
Civilisation, Thought and Culture; Korean Studies; Latin; Linguistics; Modern Greek Studies; Music; Performance Studies; Philosophy;
Political Economy; Sanskrit; Social Policy; Socio-Legal Studies; Sociology; Spanish and Latin American Studies; Studies in Religion.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Many majors in the BSc are recognised by the relevant professional association. For example, if you major
in chemistry you may be eligible for graduate membership of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI).
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE/MASTER OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 97.55/40 2014 International students ATAR/IB 95/37
UAC course code 512099 CRICOS code 069875A
Duration 5 years FT Mid year entry No English requirements (international) IELTS 7.0 (min 6.5 in each band) IBT 100 (24/22)
Assumed knowledge Mathematics, Chemistry and Biology.
This program is designed to give you a solid knowledge of nutritional science and nutrition as a scientific discipline, and to make you a
scientist capable of working in and furthering this emerging field. The BSc/MND will prepare you to lead in the dietetics profession, and
maintain and advance the profession’s standards.
You start your combined course with a three-year BSc and, as long as you have met the progression requirements, you then complete two years in
the MND. In your BSc, you complete units of study in biochemistry, molecular biology and human physiology which are necessary prerequisites for
accreditation by the Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA). If you would like to obtain accreditation as a dietitian, you will need to undertake one
semester of practical placements in clinical/community/food service/public health in the master’s course.
YEAR 1
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 2
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 3
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
YEAR 4
YEAR 5
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 2
FOOD SERVICE
MANAGEMENT
DIETETICS
TRAINING
PLACEMENT
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
PROJECT
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
BIOCHEMISTRY*
BIOCHEMISTRY*
MAJOR 1**
MAJOR 1**
NUTRITION &
FOOD SCIENCE
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
PHYSIOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY
MAJOR 1**
MAJOR 1**
DIETARY INTAKE
& NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT
PUBLIC HEALTH
& COMMUNITY
NUTRITION
BIOLOGY
MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY &
GENETICS
MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY &
GENETICS*
INTERMEDIATE
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2
OR SENIOR
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2
OR SENIOR
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
DIETETICS
PROFESSIONAL
STUDIES
MEDICAL
NUTRITION
PSYCHOLOGY
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
INTERMEDIATE
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2
OR SENIOR
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
MAJOR 2
OR SENIOR
SCIENCE
ELECTIVE
METHODS IN
NUTRITION
RESEARCH
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
24 CREDIT
POINTS
*Students undertake a combination of two of these three units; for the third unit, a student chooses an intermediate science elective.
** Major 1 must be one of the five majors listed below:
MAJORS Biochemistry (p75); Microbiology (p87); Nutrition and Metabolism (p89); Physiology (p91); Psychology (p92). It is also possible to
complete a second major, choosing from those available in the BSc (p64).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA) – upon completion of the MND.
67
SCIENCE/MEDICINE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 99.95/45 + interview 2014 International students ATAR/IB** 99.50/43 + interview
2014 ATSI students ATAR/IB 95/37 + interview
UAC course code 512097 ATSI UAC course code 512098 CRICOS Codes: BSc(Adv)/MD 079218G BMedSci/MD 079217G
Duration 7 years FT Mid year entry No English requirements (international) Standard (p98)
Assumed knowledge Refer to Bachelor of Science (Advanced) or Bachelor of Medical Science. All students in the BSc (Adv) and BMedSc
must take some units of study in mathematics.
The Faculty of Science and Sydney Medical School offer you the opportunity to get a strong foundation in the sciences through the
Bachelor of Science (Advanced) or the Bachelor of Medical Science followed by the University’s prestigious four-year graduate medical
program (MD).
In your first three years you undertake an advanced science or medical science course. Alongside your studies in scientific areas you will
also complete a compulsory zero credit point unit in which you research some aspect of medicine. This is arranged in consultation with
academics in the Sydney Medical School. The medical curriculum emphasises practical delivery with much of the program using problembased learning with contextually relevant medical issues as the foundation of the course. From your first year in the MD through to your
final year, you will have contact with patients and observe the physical aspects of disease.
We also offer a science/medicine program entry for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander students through the Cadigal Program.
ADDITIONAL ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
Short-listed applicants will be interviewed. For more details please visit: http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/future-students
MAJORS
As listed for the BSc (Advanced) (p63) or BMedSc (see 62).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Graduates of the MD are eligible for registration by medical boards in all Australian states and territories and in New Zealand.
Majors within the Bachelor of Science (Advanced) and Medical Science may also have professional recognition.
Please refer to the relevant major.
** The Faculty of Science considers international applicants for these programs who achieve an ATAR (or equivalent) of 99.5 by
completing an eligible qualification in 2014. For example, an Australian Year 12 qualification, the International Baccalaureate, New Zealand
National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NZEA) Level 3 or the University of Sydney Foundation Program. For a full list of eligible
qualifications visit http://sydney.edu.au/courses/programs/sydney-medical-program/Bachelor-of-Medical-Science-and-Doctor-ofMedicine
BACHELOR OF VETERINARY BIOLOGY/DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
2014 Domestic students ATAR/IB 97.3*/39* 2014 International students ATAR/IB 92^*/35^* Rural entry scheme See page 96
*Entry is based on: ATAR (or equivalent), STAT result (>150/200) (domestic only) and ‘Commitment to Veterinary Science’ submission.
UAC course code 512101 CRICOS code 079222M
Duration 6 years FT Mid year entry No English requirements (international) IELTS 7.0 (min 7.0 in each band) IBT 100 (min 24 in Writing)
Assumed knowledge Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics Recommended studies Biology
The Bachelor of Veterinary Biology/Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (BVetBiol/DVM) is an exciting and innovative 6 year combined degree
program commencing in 2014. It provides the knowledge, practical and generic skills to pursue diverse career options as veterinary scientists
improving the care, management and welfare of animals. The BVetBiol/DVM will enable you to view issues from a population health
framework, with a strong animal welfare consciousness and provide influence and expertise at local, national and global levels.
You start your combined course with two years of foundational biomedical and animal sciences in the BVetBiol, and as long as you have met
the progression requirements, you then complete the four year professional DVM to become an accredited veterinarian. The final year of the
course is lecture free and you will participate in practice-based activities and the management and care of animal patients. The faculty holds
and maintains continuous global accreditation through the transition to a new veterinary program.
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
YEAR 5
YEAR 6
BIOLOGY
ANIMAL STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
VETERINARY SCIENCES
VETERINARY SCIENCES
INTENSIVE ANIMAL
HEALTH & PRODUCTION
INTRAMURAL SMALL ANIMAL
MEDICINE & SURGERY
CHEMISTRY
ANIMAL GENETICS
POPULATION, HEALTH
WELFARE & PRODUCTION
INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL
HEALTH & WELFARE
LARGE ANIMAL HEALTH &
PRODUCTION
INTRAMURAL LARGE ANIMAL
MEDICINE & SURGERY
ANIMAL HEALTH
PRODUCTION
ANIMAL NUTRITION
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
VETERINARY CLINICAL
PATHOLOGY
SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE &
THERAPEUTICS
EXTRAMURAL SMALL
ANIMAL MEDICINE &
SURGERY
STATISTICAL METHODS
INTRODUCTORY
VETERINARY
PATHOGENESIS
ANIMAL PATHOBIOLOGY
ANIMAL DISEASE
VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC
IMAGING
EXTRAMURAL LARGE ANIMAL
MEDICINE & SURGERY
ELECTIVES
ELECTIVES
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
ELECTIVE ROTATIONS
48 CREDIT POINTS
48 CREDIT POINTS
48 CREDIT POINTS
48 CREDIT POINTS
48 CREDIT POINTS
48 CREDIT POINTS
AREAS OF INTEREST Animal Welfare; Animal Behaviour; Animal Nutrition; Animal Health and Disease; Veterinary Science; Veterinary Medicine.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION Upon completion of the DVM, you will be immediately eligible for registration with the Veterinary
Surgeons’ Board in each state and territory in Australia and are recognised internationally by the American Veterinary Medicine Association
(AVMA) and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (UK).
^ Plus additional criteria.
68
MAJORS
MAJORS GIVE YOU THE
CHANCE TO SPECIALISE
IN YOUR COURSE
AND WE HAVE PLENTY
TO CHOOSE FROM
69
HOW TO USE THIS SECTION:
THIRD YEAR
AREAS OF STUDY
SECOND YEAR
AREAS OF STUDY
FIRST YEAR
AREAS OF STUDY
Majors (and in some cases specialisations)
are the essence of your course. In the
next 25 pages are the range of options on
offer to you. Each major has information
about the area, how you can study it
(which courses) and if there’s any assumed
knowledge. Each major also has a pathway
(see yellow arrow). This is designed to give
you an idea of the types of units you will
study to complete the major. Start at the
bottom and move up to see what you’ll
study each year!
If you’re really keen, and want to know more, the
handbooks are the place to go for detailed unit
requirements: http://sydney.edu.au/handbooks
70
MAJORS
AGRIBUSINESS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Agricultural business focuses on the
various businesses and activities
associated with the modern agriculture
industry. Modern food and fibre
production links farm processes
with the chain of agriculture-related
and processing business operations
connecting the product to retail
markets. There are opportunities to
focus on components of agribusiness
including economics, finance, industrial
organisation and human resources,
and marketing relating to supply chain
management. You will understand the
complexity of bringing commodities from
the paddock to the plate. There may
also be opportunities to develop skills to facilitate innovation
and transformation in the food industry as it expands into
new and rapidly growing markets.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Food and Agribusiness (p61).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
HSC Mathematics or HSC Mathematics Extension 1.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Agribusiness Association of Australia, Australian Agricultural
and Resource Economics Society and other international
professional associations including the American Agricultural
Economics Association.
Example units
Agribusiness Marketing; Industrial Organisation of
Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance and Risk; Global food
security; Corporate finance; Innovation in Food Supply
Chains
Management
Marketing
Economics
Corporations law
Economics
Commercial Law
Marketing
Business
Business
Marketing
Economics
Business
Statistics
Economics
Accounting
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Agricultural chemistry is the study
of both chemistry and biochemistry,
which are important in environmental
production, the processing of raw
products into foods, fibre and fuel,
and environmental monitoring and
remediation. These studies emphasise
the relationships between plants,
animals and bacteria, and their
environment.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science in
Agriculture (p65) (as a specialisation).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI).
Example units
Land and Water Ecochemistry; Environmental chemistry;
Agricultural Plant-Microbe interactions; Human Molecular
Cell Biology; The Soil at Work; Medical and Metabolic
Biochemistry; Protein Biochemistry; Human Biochemistry;
Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Environmental
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Chemistry
Soil Science
Agricultural
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Plant Science
Chemistry
Chemistry
Biology
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
71
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
“Agricultural economics is an
applied major, so even in my first
year subjects I was able to apply
them to real life situations.”
GABRIELLA MORONA
B Agricultural Economics, forth year student
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Science in Agriculture (p65) (as a specialisation).
Agricultural
Economics
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
HSC Mathematics or HSC Mathematics Extension 1.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society,
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
the Economics Society of Australia, and other international
Agricultural economics provides you with professional associations including the American Agricultural
a foundation in economics – including
Economics Association.
business management and marketing –
combined with modern agriculture. The
Example units
combination of these skills makes you a
Agricultural and Resource Systems; Market and Price
specialist in the agricultural industry. The
Analysis; Production Economics; Agricultural and Resource
result, ideally, is an agriculture industry
Policy; Agribusiness Management; Applied Optimisation.
that better understands efficiency,
sustainability and market demand. The
field of agricultural economics looks at
all elements of agricultural production
and applies rational thought and
planning as a whole.
Agricultural
Economics
Agricultural &
Resource Policy
Optimisation
Agricultural
Economics
Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
Agricultural
Economics
Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
72
MAJORS
AGRICULTURAL GENETICS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Agricultural genetics is the study
of genetics, molecular biology and
biotechnology as they apply to the plant
and animal species of agriculture, as well
as other organisms that impact on these
by being weeds, pests, pathogens or
beneficial organisms.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS
SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
The Bachelor of Animal and Veterinary
Bioscience (p60) has similar area of
interest, animal genetics.
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units chosen: HSC Mathematics or HSC
Mathematics Extension 1.
Genetics
Example units
Cytogenetics; Plant Breeding; Gene Technology nd
Genomics; Systematics and Evolution; Molecular Genetics
and Breeding; Agricultural Genetics; Molecular Biology.
Genetics
Statistics
Evolutionary Biology
Genetics
Statistics
Chemistry
Statistics
Mathematics
Biology
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Agricultural systems is the study of
managed environments. It considers
aspects of agricultural genetics, the
management of agro-ecosystems in
developing countries, atmospheric
processes and climate, and sustainable
farming systems. Units of study
span plant sciences, hydrology,
geomorphology, soil science and
atmospheric-biospheric interactions.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Environmental Systems (p61).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Recommended Studies: Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics.
(A chemistry bridging course before lectures commence is
advisable).
Example units
Crop and Pasture Agronomy; Sustainable Farming Systems;
Environmental Law and Ethics; Microbial Ecology; Soil
Biology; Land and Water Ecochemistry; Integrated
Pest Management; GIS; Remote Sensing and Land
Management.
Land & Water Science
Soil Science
Environmental Systems
Plant Science
Agronomy
Agriculture Statistics
Resource Economics
Entomology
Environmental Systems
Statistics
Soil Science
Land & Water Science
Plant Science
Chemistry
Genetics
Economics
Entomology
Microbiology
Biology
Chemistry
Environmental Systems
Resource Economics
Mathematics
Agriculture
Agricultural Economics
74
MAJORS
AGRONOMY
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
“The thing I enjoyed most
about agronomy was that I was
constantly being challenged to
engage in issues that affect the
world’s increasing food shortage.
I felt as though by studying
agronomy I would be making a
difference for the generations to
come.”
REBECCA THISTLEWHAITE,
B Science in Agriculture (Hons), 2012
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Agronomy is the study of science
and technology and how it relates to
food, fuel and fibre. You will develop
an understanding of the concepts
behind sustainable production, drawing
on a number of disciplines including
biology, chemistry, ecology, economics,
marketing and genetics.
Modern agronomists are involved in today’s biggest issues
such as producing enough nutritious food to feed a growing
human population, managing sustainable ecosystems and
creating new energy sources from plants. They increasingly
encourage the practice of sustainable agriculture by
developing and implementing plans to manage pests, crops,
soil fertility and erosion, and animal waste in ways that
reduce the use of harmful chemicals and do little damage to
farms and the natural environment.
Agronomy
Farming Systems
Agronomy
Agro-ecosystems
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units chosen: Mathematics or HSC Mathematics
Extension 1.
Example units
Managing Agro-Ecosystems; Crop and Pasture Agronomy;
Sustainable Farming Systems; Shaping and Sustaining our
Landscapes; Plant Form and Function; Soil Properties and
Processes.
Plant Science
Soil Science
Statistics
Agriculture
Biology
Mathematics
ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/anatomy
“Majoring in anatomy and
histology has put me in good
stead for my subsequent
study of medicine at Sydney.
The department at Sydney is
well equipped to ensure that
all students gain hands-on
experience during their studies.”
topographical anatomy (bones, muscles, nerves, arteries,
veins); neuroanatomy (anatomy and organisation of the
nervous system); histology (microscopic anatomy of cells
and tissues) and embryology (development of an embryo
from fertilisation to fetus stage). Dissection plays a part.
MONIQUE ATKINSON ,
B Science (Adv), 2009
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology.
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Anatomy and histology is the study
of the structure of living things. Your
introduction to the area is through
the study of cell structure (histology)
and the basic tissue of mammalian
biology and musculo-skeletal anatomy.
In senior year we divide your studies
into four disciplines. You will study
Anatomy
Histology
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65).
Example units
Forensic Osteology; Neuroscience; Motor Systems and
Behaviour; Cranial and Cervical Anatomy; Cellular and
Developmental Neuroscience; Electron Microscopy and
Imaging; Microscopy and Histochemistry; Visceral Anatomy;
Musculo-skeletal Anatomy.
Neuroscience
Electron Microscopy
& Imaging
Anatomy
Histology
Physiology
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Biology
Psychology
Molecular Biology
75
ANIMAL & VETERINARY
BIOSCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience
The structure of the Bachelor of Animal
and Veterinary Bioscience provides
opportunities for you to work with a
broad range of species (particularly
during your research projects). The
species vary from traditional and
emerging production animals (sheep,
cattle, fish, poultry, pigs, alpacas,
crocodiles, bison) to companion animals
(dogs and cats) and native or exotic
wildlife (both captive and free-ranging).
There are no formal majors however
there are many areas of interest that
can be pursued.
WHAT ARE THE AREAS OF INTEREST?
There are a number of areas of interest available for you to
focus on during your studies, including: applied animal health
and disease; nutrition and feed technology; reproduction and
assisted reproductive technologies; behaviour and welfare
science; genetics and biotechnology; wildlife conservation
and management.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS AREA?
B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience (p60).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Chemistry, Mathematics.
Example units
Animal Health and Disease; Dairy Production and
Technology; Food Safety and Assessment; Aquaculture;
Extensive Animal Industries; Equine Science; Feed
Technology; Wildlife and Evolutionary Genetics;
Cytogenetics.
Research Project
Animal Genetics
Animal Production
Animal Reproduction
Animal Science/
Veterinary Bioscience
Animal Nutrition
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
Structure & Function
Conservation Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Statistics
Animal Management
BIOCHEMISTRY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/molecular_bioscience
“In second year at university I’m
already working at the forefront
of my field.”
FIONA NAUGHTON,
B Science (Hons), 2013
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Biochemistry is the study of how living
organisms work at the molecular level. It
lies at the interface of many disciplines,
incorporating principles of chemistry,
biology and physics.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65), B Science/
M Nutrition and Dietetics (p67).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry–Genes; Molecular
Biology and Biochemistry–Proteins; Human Molecular Cell
Biology; Medical and Metabolic Biochemistry; Proteomics
and Functional Genomics.
Biochemistry
Nutrition
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Chemistry
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Biology
76
MAJORS
BIOINFORMATICS
http://sydney.edu.au/courses/pathways/bioinformatics-major
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Bioinformatics brings together the fields
of life science, computer science and
statistics. When biological information
is captured on computer, it can be used
to produce new computer systems
(databases, software, networks and
even hardware) and solve problems in
a wide variety of areas ranging from
biology to medicine.
Bioinformaticians strive to understand
medical and biological systems through
the creative use of statistics and
computer analysis. They may write
computer programs to analyse data
in a new way, they may apply existing
analytical tools to new data sets, they
may introduce novel statistical methods
into the analysis of data and they may extend existing
analytical capabilities to genome-sized data sets. The most
recognised application of bioinformatics has been the
mapping of the human genome sequence.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Gene Technology and Genomics, Developmental Genetics,
Evolution and Biodiversity; Molecular Biology and
Biochemistry–Proteins; Human Molecular Cell Biology;
Medical and Metabolic Biochemistry; Proteomics and
Functional.
Biology or
Biochemistry
Statistics
Computer Science
Bioinformatics
Biology and
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Information Systems
Mathematics &
Statistics
Mathematics &
Statistics
Biology
Chemistry
Information
Technologies
BIOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/biology
“Biology is one of the most
exciting majors on offer. As part
of my studies, I’ve travelled to
the Northern Territory and the
Great Barrier Reef to study some
unimaginably odd creatures,
from minuscule, alien molluscs to
magnificently colourful frogs. My
lecturers are also researchers
in the process of answering
some of the most important and
interesting questions in science.”
JUN TONG,
B Science/B Arts (Hons), 2013
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Biology is the study of life. It is an
immensely diverse science, ranging from
the study of molecules and their modes
of action, through to understanding
complex communities and their
relationship with the environment. We
are living in a most exciting time for
studying and working in biology as the new technologies such as recombinant DNA, genomics and proteomics - place
powerful tools in the hands of biologists. These advances,
along with our ability to process and interpret large volumes
of complex data, have generated a gigantic leap in our
understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms
and processes controlling life.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology.
Example units
Concepts in Biology; Human Biology; Living Systems;
Zoology; Botany; Ecology and Conservation; Marine Biology;
Tropical Wildlife Biology; Coral Reef Biology; Evolution and
Biodiversity, Animal Ecological Physiology, Plant Science;
Terrestrial Field Ecology.
Biology
(Marine, Animals,
Plants, Genetics,
Ecology)
Biology
Plant Sciences
Biology
77
CELL PATHOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/pathology
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Cell pathology is the study of disease
using the techniques of modern cell
biology. The aim is to understand how
cellular and molecular mechanisms
interact during disease processes.
Cell pathology is also an introduction
to the world of biomedical research.
By studying scientific papers, and
discussing them in tutorials, you will
discover the scientific approach to
a problem. You will study various
experimental approaches and learn to
criticise assumptions made by the great
experimenters while investigating the
milestones of scientific discovery. During
the experimental component of the
major, you learn to apply this knowledge.
Some experiments carried out during
the unit are closely modelled on certain classic studies that
significantly advanced scientific knowledge. Others are
related to the current research interests of departmental
staff, and may never have been carried out before.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Pathogenesis of Human Disease; Microscopy and
Histochemistry; Human Molecular Cell Biology; Medical
and Metabolic Biochemistry; Microbes in Infection; Human
Cellular Physiology.
Cell Pathology
Histology
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Physiology
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
Biology
History & Philosophy
of Science
Microbiology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Biology
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
Chemistry
Psychology
CHEMISTRY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/chemistry
“The thing I liked most about
chemistry was that the lecture
content was constantly being
related back to real-world
examples and situations, which
made the theoretical aspects of
the course much more enjoyable
and feel more relevant.”
DERRICK ROBERTS,
B Science (Adv) Hons, 2011
Gates Cambridge Scholarship 2013
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Chemistry is the study of many different
things around us: the study of how one
substance changes into another and
the relationship between the nature and
the structure of molecules. Chemistry is
also the study of how to obtain metals
from ores, convert oil into plastics and
develop cures for cancer.
Chemistry is often referred to as “the
central science” since its successes
feed into many different disciplines.
Chemistry units at the University of Sydney are an integral
part of a wide range of courses. In many cases the study of
chemistry is a requirement of the course. You will find studying
chemistry to be diverse, challenging and fascinating.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
AREAS OF CHEMISTRY AT SYDNEY:
–– Computational and Theoretical Chemistry
–– Chemical Education
–– Molecular Design and Synthesis
–– Materials Chemistry
–– Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy
–– Molecular Spectroscopy and Photonics
–– Drug Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry
–– Supramolecular Chemistry
–– Biological Chemistry/Chemical Biology
–– Soft Matter
–– Neutron and Synchrotron Diffraction and Spectroscopy
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Chemistry and depending on units: Mathematics.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI).
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
Mathematics
78
MAJORS
COMPUTER SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it
“Computer science is relevant
to understanding so many
technologies we utilise today;
being able to apply your
learning, on a daily basis, from
the day you start a lecture is
extraordinary.”
HARI BHRUGUBANDA,
B Science (Adv, 2013
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Computer science involves the study of
computers and the programs that run
on computers. No previous programming
knowledge is assumed, but you will
be expected to graduate with a sound
knowledge of languages such as Java,
C, C++ and Python. Furthermore, your
foundation of computer programming
will be built on a study of algorithms,
data structures, networks and operating
system internals. This major will appeal to you if you are
technically minded and interested in the future development
and support of technology.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
Options are also available in the Faculty of Engineering and
Information Technologies in courses such as B Information
Technology and B Computer Science and Technology.
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Mathematics.
Example units
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence; Operating Systems
and Machine Principles; Algorithms and Complexity;
Formal Languages and Logic; Graphics and Multimedia;
Programming Languages and Paradigm; Discrete
Optimization; Software Development Project.
Computer Sciences
Information Systems
Computer Sciences
Mathematics
Software
Computer Science
Mathematics
79
ENTOMOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Entomology is the study of insects – the
most abundant group of organisms on
Earth. Insects play important ecological
roles in natural and agricultural
ecosystems as pollinators, herbivores,
predators, parasites and disease vectors.
In a changing climate, understanding
the interactions of insects with their
environment is becoming increasingly
important. How will insect habitats
change? How can we manage human
health risks posed by invasive insects?
How can we use insects as natural
biological controls? This form of biology
teaches you about external and internal insect anatomy,
feeding modes, life cycles and behaviour. This fascinating
subject will introduce you to a range of disciplines such as
evolutionary biology and functional ecology.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units chosen: Biology.
Example units
Insect Taxonomy and Systematics; Shaping and Sustaining
our Landscapes; Integrated Pest Management; Agricultural
Entomology.
Entomology
Integrated Pest
Management
Entomology
Biology
Environmental
Chemistry
Entomology
Biology
Molecular Biology and
Genetics
Biology
Chemistry
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
http://sydney.edu.au/science/geosciences/undergrad/ug_enviro.shtml
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
In environmental studies you will
examine human interactions with
the natural and built environment. It
encapsulates the fundamental social
aspects of sustainability, environmental
assessment, law, ethics, development,
energy use, economics and politics. In
order to adequately cover the material,
the units are taught by various staff
from within various schools across the
Faculty of Science.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62),
B Science (p64).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
None.
Recommended: Biology or Earth and Environmental Science,
Geography.
Example units
Earth, Environment and Society; Environmental Law
and Ethics; Environmental Assessment; GIS in Coastal
Management; Ecology and Conservation; Environment and
Resource Management.
Environmental
Studies
Geography
Environmental
Studies
Geography
Ecology
Geosciences
Biology
Chemistry
Mathematics
80
MAJORS
ENVIRONMETRICS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Environmetrics is concerned with
the analysis of data obtained from
experiments and observations of
natural phenomena. A variety of
statistical analysis techniques is covered
including the use of spatial analysis and
geographical information science for
decision-making in an environmental
context in the advanced units.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
Example units
Shaping and Sustaining our Landscapes; Environmental GIS;
Statistics in the Natural Sciences; GIS; Remote Sensing and
Land Management; Soil Properties and Processes.
Environmetrics
Geoscience
Soil Science
Environmetrics
Statistics
Agriculture
Biology
Geoscience
Marine Science
Soil Science
Geoscience
Shaping and
Sustaining our
Landscapes
FARMING SYSTEMS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
The continuing supply of quality food
and fibre is the most fundamental need
of all human societies across the globe.
From the beginnings of human society,
urban consumers have expected farmers
to produce quality products at an
affordable price. Commonly, the prices
received by farmers are a fraction of the
price paid by consumers. At times, these
farm-gate prices are insufficient to allow
the full costs of production, including
environmental costs, to be met.
Farming systems provides you with the knowledge and
sensitivity to deal with the challenges in real farming
situations more sustainably.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65), B Animal and Veterinary
Bioscience (p60)
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units chosen: HSC Mathematics or HSC
Mathematics Extension 1.
Example units
Industrial Organisation of Agribusiness; Sustainable Farming
Systems; Managing Agro-Ecosystems; Livestock Health and
Production.
Agricultural
Economics
Agronomy
Agricultural
Economics
Agronomy
Agricultural
Economics
Statistics
Soil Science
Plant Science
Agriculture
Biology
Statistics
Mathematics
81
FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS &
STATISTICS
http://sydney.edu.au/science/maths
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Financial mathematics and statistics
is designed to meet the needs of a
particularly popular area of employment
for mathematics graduates. This major
requires the completion of core units
of study including specialist financial
mathematics units as well as related
units in mathematics and statistics. The
expertise acquired is needed not only for
the operation and analysis of investment
portfolios, but also to establish, operate
and maintain protocols for pricing
traditional products like options and
futures and modern products such as
barriers, caps, swaps, exotics and other
derivative securities.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64),
B Science (Adv) (p65), B Science (Adv Maths) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: HSC Mathematics Extension 1 and
Extension 2.
Example units
Stochastic Processes and Time Series; Financial
Mathematics; Statistical Tests; Probability and Statistical
Models; Optimisation and Financial Mathematics; Applied
Linear Models; Database Systems; Mathematical Computing;
Introduction to Partial Differential Equations; Statistical
Inference.
Mathematics
Statistics
Information Systems
(elective)
Mathematics
Statistics
Mathematics
FOOD SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Food science focuses on the
understanding of the properties,
relationship between form and function
and quality of food components, and the
interactions between these components
during storage, processing and digestion
leading to the understanding of the role
of agricultural products as foods.
Food science will enhance your
understanding of the importance of
food to human nutrition and wellbeing
in addition to a working knowledge
of broad areas of application of
food science and technology in this
international industry.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Food and Agribusiness (p61), B Science in Agriculture
(p65).
Example units
Principles of Biochemical Analysis; Food Biotechnology;
Chemistry and Biochemistry of Foods.
Biochemical Analysis
Food Biotechnology
Chemistry
Biochemistry of
Foods
Plant Function
Chemistry
Biology
82
MAJORS
GEOGRAPHY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/geosciences
“The best decision I made was
to go on the field school for my
geography major to Indonesia.
I met a great group of people,
got to see Indonesia in a way
that I would never have had a
chance to see otherwise and I
got some practical experience in
the field to see what a future in
geography would hold.”
ALANA MARSHALL,
B Arts and Sciences, 2012
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
The study of geography helps us
develop an understanding of the
processes that shape the surface of
the earth, how humans use and interact
with this environment, and ways in
which people, societies and economies organise themselves
spatially. Geography endeavours to do what few sciences
attempt: to create a holistic and integrated understanding of
interactive complex environmental systems.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64),
B Science (Adv) (p65).
Example units
Earth, Environment and Society; The Geography of Cities
and Regions; Environmental and Resource Management;
Oceans, Coasts and Climate Change; Natural Hazards and
GIS; Asia-Pacific Field School; Global Development and
Livelihoods; Urban Citizenship and Sustainability; Coastal
Environments and Processes; Environmental Assessment;
Environmental Law and Ethics; Geographical Concepts; Skills
and Methods.
Geography
Geography
Environmental
Studies
Geology
Chemistry
Government
Geography
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS
http://sydney.edu.au/science/geosciences
“What I love about geology and
geophysics is the first-hand
experience and skills you gain
during field trips, where you form
lasting friendships and get to go
to places you would naot have
otherwise experienced.”
PHILIP DEAKIN,,
B Commerce/B Science, fifth year student
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Geology and geophysics are extremely
diverse sciences that deal with the
study of the Earth as a complex
system, including its composition,
structure, origin and evolution of life,
environments, global climate and sea
level changes, natural hazards and
resource exploration. Geology and
geophysics provide a unifying context
for understanding the workings of the
Earth system and the dynamic structural and ecosystem
relationships between the continents and oceans. The
combination of geology and geophysics with other disciplines
such as geography, archaeology, biology, chemistry, physics,
computing, engineering, economics and law can lead to many
specialisations.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
Example units
Field Geology and Geophysics; Earth’s Structure and
Evolution; Global Energy and Resources; Environmental
and Sedimentary Geology; Geophysical Methods; Fossils
and Tectonics; Environmental and Resource Management;
Volcanoes, Hot Rocks and Minerals; Oceans, Coasts and
Climate Change; Earth, Environment and Society.
Geology
Geophysics
Geology
Geophysics
Geosciences
Geology
Environmental
Sciences
83
HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF
SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/science/hps
“History and philosophy of
science was by far the most
valuable part of my course. It
was an opportunity to creatively
and critically understand so
many of our world’s foundations
with some of the most
innovative and interesting
teachers I’ve ever met.”
CARRIE HARDIE,
B Arts and Sciences, 2009
you will be stimulated to think critically and creatively
about developments within science and their impact on
society. It places science in its historical and social contexts
and examines how science differs from other forms of
knowledge.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64).
Example units
Bioethics; The Birth of Modern Science; Science, Ethics and
Society: History and Philosophy of the Biomedical Sciences;
The Scientific Revolution.
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
History and philosophy of science (HPS)
investigates the nature of science, how
science has developed, and how it has
come to occupy such a central position.
HPS is an exciting area of study where
History & Philosophy
of Science
History & Philosophy
of Science
History & Philosophy
of Science
HORTICULTURE
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
“Horticulture is important
because we are feeding the
nation and the world! We are
also dealing with droughts,
efficient irrigation, fertilizers,
food safe chemicals, natural and
local movements.”
vegetable and ornamental production, postharvest biology
and technology, and amenity/urban horticulture. There
are also specialisations within areas of entomology, plant
biotechnology, plant breeding and molecular genetics, and
plant pathology.
Horticulture involves working outdoors with the
application of technical, design, planning, scientific and
management skills.
Horticulture
CASSIA FERGUSON,,
B Science in Agriculture, 2010
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
Horticulture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Horticulture is all about cultivating plants Example units
Issues in Horticultural Science; Research and Practice in
for human-use. Horticulture can take
on many forms and covers a wide range Horticultural Science.
of areas in the fields related to fruit,
Plant Science
Horticulture
Plant Science
Biology
Chemistry
Biology
Agriculture
84
MAJORS
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/infectious-diseases-immunology
“The unit content itself is quite
interesting. Particular topics
are taught by guest lecturers
that are experts in their field
which gives me a whole new
perspective to what I’ve been
learning.”
CHARMAINE VALENZUELA,
B Science, 2013
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Immunology is the study of defence
mechanisms that protect individuals
against infections and cancers.
Immunobiology draws together
immunology and biology, microbiology,
biochemistry, pathology and physiology.
Studies in immunology are leading to advances in clinical
medicine, including cancer, understanding allergies,
transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, such as
rheumatoid arthritis and insulin-dependent diabetes, as well
as the development of new vaccines.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65).
Immunology
Virology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Molecular and Cellular Immunology; Molecular and Cellular
Immunology (Advanced); Immunology in Human Disease;
Immunology in Human Disease (Advanced); Medical and
Applied Virology; Medical and Applied Virology Advanced.
Introductory
Immunobiology
Biology
Chemistry
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Information systems (IS) involves
creating computer systems that satisfy
individual and organisational needs. IS
encompasses issues such as strategic
planning, system development, system
implementation, network design and
management, operational management,
end-user needs and education.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64).
Rather than being about developing
and enhancing the performance of
computers, information systems is about
making computer systems work for
people and organisations.
Example units
Database Systems; Human-Computer Interaction; Systems
Analysis and Modelling; Introduction to IT Security; HumanComputer Interaction; Analytical Methods and Information
Systems; Management of IT Projects and Systems;
Information Systems Project.
Options are also available in the Faculty of Engineering and
Information Technologies in courses such as B Information
Technology and B Computer Science and Technology.
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Mathematics.
Information
Technology
Information
Systems
Electrical &
Information
Engineering
Computer Sciences
Information
Technology
Information Systems
Information
Technology
Computer Science
Mathematics
85
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Population growth, rising income and
urbanisation are the fundamental driving
forces determining the development of
modern livestock production. The world
demand for animal products is likely to
triple in the next 30 years. Extending
our understanding of the biological,
social and economic aspects of
livestock systems is a vital ingredient for
determining intervention points and the
development of efficient technologies
for farmers.
addition you will contrast new and traditional methods,
assess natural resources management, and debate social and
scientific views of animal production.
You will learn how to understand
and manage livestock production in
changing environmental conditions, and
integrate your knowledge of nutrition
and cropping practices and apply them
to management decision-making. In
Example units
Crop and Pasture Agronomy; Livestock Production Systems;
Animal Nutrition, Reproduction and Genetics; Extensive
and Intensive Animal Production; Dairy Production; Feed
Technology.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
The Bachelor of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience (p60) has
a similar area of interest, Animal Production.
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units chosen: HSC Mathematics or HSC
Mathematics Extension 1.
Agronomy
Plant Science
Soil Science
Statistics
Animal Science
Plant Science
Soil Science
Statistics
Animal Science
Agriculture
Biology
Mathematics
Statistics
Animal Management
MARINE SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/science/geosciences/undergrad/ug_marine.shtml
WHAT ARE THESE MAJORS?
Marine science is the scientific study of
coasts, open oceans, seas and deep-sea
floors. Marine science draws together
many aspect of science for the better
understanding and management of
the marine environment. These areas
include biology, ecology, oceanography,
geography, geology and geophysics, and
aspects of engineering, law, physics,
chemistry and mathematics.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THESE MAJORS?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Rivers: Science and Management; GIS in Coastal
Management; Marine Field Ecology; Ecological Methods;
Geophysical Methods; Coral Reef Biology.
Biology and
Geoscience
Biology
Geoscience
Environment
Biology
Chemistry
Geoscience
86
MAJORS
MATHEMATICS
http://sydney.edu.au/science/maths
“I found studying mathematics is
so much more than just plugging
numbers into calculators
and equations. By studying
mathematics, I learnt how to
approach, model and formulate
solutions to real world problems.
The staff are dedicated and
friendly, with a real passion for
research and teaching.”
MARCELLO SOLOMON,
B Science (Adv Mathematics) (Hons), 2013
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Mathematics is an indispensable tool
for analysing and explaining the world
around us, providing us with the skills to
deal with the most abstract concepts.
Although mathematics is one of our
oldest disciplines of study, current
research is opening up exciting new
frontiers in pure mathematics, applied
mathematics and statistics. Mathematics and statistics
play a fundamental role in the physical, chemical and
biological sciences, in commerce, in engineering and in
every other activity where quantitative, analytical or logical
understanding is important. Ultimately, mathematics is
about clarity of thought and precision of understanding.
A major in mathematics can be tailored to suit your
particular interests, as you are able to choose freely from
units in both pure mathematics and applied mathematics.
Mathematics
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B
Science (Adv) (p65), B Science (Adv Maths) (p65).
Mathematics
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: HSC Mathematics Extension 1 and
Extension 2.
Example units
Differential Equations and Biomathematics; Fluid Dynamics;
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics; Linear Algebra
and Vector Calculus; Mathematical Computing; Number
Theory and Cryptography; Optimisation and Financial
Mathematics; Partial Differential Equations and Waves.
Mathematics
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
http://sydney.edu.au/courses/pathways/medicinal-chemistry-major
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
The discovery of new drugs is one of
the most exciting and rapidly developing
fields in science. There is a growing need
for safer, more effective pharmaceuticals
against old diseases (like cancer), new
ones (such as HIVa/AIDS) and diseases
that are becoming more widespread
(such as malaria and tuberculosis).
Medicinal chemistry looks at how to
find drugs and how to make them. The
technologies used in medicinal chemistry
are changing quickly, and there are
other, new factors influencing the way
we do this science - for example in
today’s world it is increasingly important
to make drugs affordably.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Toxicology; Drug Design and Development; Pharmacology
Fundamentals; Pharmacology: Drugs and People.
Chemistry
Pharmacology
Chemistry
Pharmacology
Chemistry
Biology or Molecular
Biology & Genetics
87
MICROBIOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/molecular_bioscience
“I was amazed to find the
extent of positive influences
microbes have on our health.
My research aaims to identify
ways that our body maintains
beneficial microbes. The image
(above) shows gut bacteria that
depend on being fed by the host
secreting mucin into the gut.”
YI VEE CHEW,
PhD student in Microbiology
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria,
fungi, etc) are the most abundant and
diverse forms of life. As such they
have an extraordinarily wide influence
on humans and our environment.
Understanding microbes is central to
major issues such as infectious diseases,
lifestyle diseases (e.g. obesity), climate
change, environmental sustainability and food security. A
microbiology major will give you the skills and knowledge
to understand the biology of micro-organisms, how microorganisms affect us, and how we can exploit them. Teaching
examples are focused around the industries of healthcare,
environment, agriculture, food science, biotechnology and
fundamental research.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62), B
Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65), B Science/
M Nutrition and Dietetics (p67).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Biology, Chemistry.
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Australian Society for Microbiology.
Example units
Microbial Life; Microbes in Society; Microbes in Infection;
Virology; Molecular Microbiology Concepts; Molecular
Microbiology Research Skills; Medical and Applied Virology.
Microbiology
Virology
Microbiology
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Biology
Chemistry
Molecular Biology
& Genetics or Plant
Science
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY &
GENETICS
http://sydney.edu.au/science/molecular_bioscience
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Molecular biology is an area of
biochemistry that seeks to understand
and unravel complex structures and
the behaviour of living organisms by
focusing on their molecular constitution.
It focuses on the genome, the
information store of the cell, and the
products of genes, the proteins, which
are the workhorses of the cell.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry—Genes; Molecular
Biology and Biochemistry—Proteins; Human Molecular Cell
Biology; Medical and Metabolic Biochemistry; Proteomics
and Functional Genomics.
Biochemistry
Biology
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
Biology
Chemistry
Molecular Biology
& Genetics
88
MAJORS
NANOSCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/physics/current/nano.shtml
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are
about the understanding and control
of matter at dimensions of roughly 1
to 100 nanometers (a nanometer is a
1 billionth of a meter), where unique
phenomena enable new knowledge and
novel applications. At this level, physical,
chemical and biological properties differ
in fundamental and valuable ways from
the properties of individual atoms and
molecules or bulk matter. Fifty years
ago, the first human nanotechnology,
the integrated circuit, gave birth to
the information age. Now the $140M
Australian Institute of Nanoscience
will provide the high tech clean rooms
and laboratories essential to grow even
more nanotechnologies, capable of
manipulating, for instance, the quantum
properties of matter, energy and light.
Nanoscience encompasses an enormously wide range
of topics, including condensed-matter physics; atomic,
molecular, and optical physics; materials science;
engineering; chemistry and biology.
The field of nanoscience occurs at the intersection of
three great trends: Moore’s law and the shrinking of
electronic devices into the quantum realm, rapid advances
in molecular biology that reveal the operation of nature’s
nanotechnology, and the evolution of chemistry toward
the construction of large molecules and supra-molecular
complexes.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64),
B Science (Adv) (p65).
Materials Chemistry
Membranes, SelfAssembly & Surfaces
Physics
Quantum Mechanics,
Condensed Matter
Mechanics of Solids
Materials
Chemistry
Physics
Mechanics
(Eng & IT)
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics.
Example units
Quantum Mechanics and Physics Lab; Mechanics of
Solids; Condensed Matter Physics/Statistical Mechanics/
Lab.
Chemistry
Mathematics
Physics
NATURAL TERRESTRIAL
SYSTEMS
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
“Most units I have completed
link together or flow on from
one another. This has allowed
me to consider the relationships
between components such
as soil, water, carbon and
plants and reflect on how their
interaction may impact upon a
system.”
MILLICENT SMITH,
B Environmental Systems, third year student
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
The study of natural systems considers
aspects of conservation biology and
applied ecology, the conservation of
Australian flora, environmental law and
ethics, the science and management
of river systems, plant evolution and
growth, and terrestrial field ecology.
An understanding of natural systems provides expertise
across environmental consultancy, catchment management,
climate change research, plant breeding, ecology,
environmental protection, sustainable agriculture, production
in natural and managed environments, soil science, land and
water conservation and hydrology.
Land & Water Science
Soil Science
Environmental
Systems
Plant Science
Biology
Geoscience
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Environmental Systems (p61).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Recommended studies: Biology or Chemistry, Mathematics.
(A chemistry bridging course before lectures commence is
advisable),
Microbiology
Environmental
Systems
Soil Science
Land & Water Science
Plant Science
Geoscience
Example units
Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions; Fire in Australian
Ecosystems; Environmental Law and Ethics; Rivers:
Science, Policy and Management; Terrestrial Field Ecology;
Environmental Assessment.
Microbiology
Chemistry
Environmental
Systems
Mathematics
Geoscience
89
NEUROSCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/courses/pathways/neuroscience-major
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Neuroscience is the study of the brain
and employs many of the basic sciences
in attempting to understand the brain
as the basis of all human behaviour.
Important aspects of behaviour can be
studied at the level of individual nerve
cells, their properties and the ways they
communicate with one another.
Neuroscience embraces studies that cut
across boundaries between traditional
subject areas. As reflected in the
structure of this major, it ranges from
anatomy to neuronal function, from the
cellular and molecular biology of the
neuron to complex phenomena such
as perception and emotion, from the
regulation of breathing and blood pressure to movement of
the body, from development to ageing, from normal cognition
to mental illness and neuro-degeneration.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Concepts of Neuroanatomy; Pharmacology Fundamentals;
Pharmacology: Drugs and People; Brain and Behaviour;
Neuropharmacology; Neuroscience: Motor Systems and
Behaviour; Cognition, Language and Thought; Cellular and
Developmental Neuroscience.
Neuroscience
Psychology
Pharmacology
Anatomy
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Physiology
Psychology
Biology
Chemistry
Molecular Biology &
Genetics
Psychology
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
http://sydney.edu.au/science/molecular_bioscience
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
In nutrition and metabolism you will
explore biochemical reactions that take
place in cells, how these are influenced
by different nutrients and what are
the implications for the whole body.
Nutrition is a multidisciplinary science
that covers the role of food in health
and disease. Advances in biomolecular
science have increased the focus of
nutrition on the metabolic pathways that
transform nutrients.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65), B Science/
M Nutrition and Dietetics (p67).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units chosen. Biology, Chemistry.
Nutrition
Biochemistry
Physiology
Example units
Nutrition and Metabolism; Molecular Biology and
Biochemistry—Genes; Molecular Biology; Human Cellular
Physiology; Human Molecular Cell Biology; Medical and
Metabolic Biochemistry.
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Physiology
Molecular Biology
Chemistry
90
MAJORS
PHARMACOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/pharmacology
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Drugs play a key role in the treatment
of most human diseases. Increasingly,
doctors rely on drugs not only to cure
disease, for example antibiotics to treat
infections, but also in the prevention of
diseases, such as lipid lowering drugs for
heart disease. A thorough knowledge of
pharmacology is important to the future
of medical research and practice.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62),
B Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Pharmacology
Example units
Toxicology; Drug Design and Development; Drug Therapy;
Neuropharmacology.
Pharmacology
Biology / Molecular
Biology
Chemistry
PHYSICS
http://sydney.edu.au/science/physics
“The researchers here are
passionate about what they do
and inspire the same passion
in the next generation of
scientists.”
EMMA LINDLEY,
B Science (Adv) (Hons) graduate
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Physics deals with the fundamental
phenomena of nature: space, time,
matter and energy. It underpins all
science and technology. It enables us to
develop an understanding of everything
from the nucleus of an atom to the
structure and origin of the universe.
faculty. They are offered the opportunity to undertake special
programs, working with staff on projects of current research
interest. Recent graduates have found employment in
companies such as Telstra, BHP Billiton, Canon and research
organisations such as CSIRO, DSTO and NASA.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Mathematics, Physics.
EXAMPLE UNITS:
Electromagnetism; Quantum Physics; Thermodynamics;
Statistical Mechanics; Optics; Special Relativity; Cosmology;
Condensed Matter Physics; Astrophysics; Computational
Physics is excellent training for hundreds Physics; High Energy Physics.
of careers: jobs requiring critical
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
reasoning, logical thought, teamwork
and problem solving are commonly filled Australian Institute of Physics.
by physics graduates. Physics attracts
some of the very best students in the
Physics
Physics
Maths
Physics
Maths
91
PHYSIOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/physiology
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Physiology is the study of how the
various tissues and organs of the body
work to support life and grow. Some
physiology researchers investigate the
way blood pressure is regulated during
normal life and in health crises. Others
study the way misplaced atoms in an
ion channel protein in cells might cause
a disease like cystic fibrosis or muscular
dystrophy. This requires a vast array
of experimental methods including
molecular biology, electrical recordings
of nerve signaling, advanced imaging
techniques, as well as whole organism
studies. The outcomes of physiological studies advance
our understanding of how the body works and are often of
practical relevance in clinical medicine.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Medical Science (p62), B
Science (p64), B Science (Adv) (p65), B Science/
M Nutrition and Dietetics (p67).
Physiology
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Biology. Depends on units: Chemistry, Mathematics.
Example units
Human Cellular Physiology; Neuroscience: Special Senses;
Neuroscience: Motor Systems and Behaviour; Heart and
Circulation; Cellular and Developmental Neuroscience; Cells
and Development.
Physiology
Molecular Biology
Chemistry
Maths
Molecular Biology
PLANT PATHOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
“My area of research is
investigating a disease caused
by an exotic pathogen that is
affecting native vegetation the
Greater Blue Maountains World
Heritage Area.”
by infectious diseases and environmental conditions. You
will develop interdisciplinary expertise in diagnosing plant
disease and symptom development, and learn about the
epidemiology and management of pathogens that cause
disease. Additionally you will study natural plant defense
mechanisms, plant-parasite relationships and breeding for
disease resistance.
ZOE-JOY NEWBY,
PhD in Plant Pathology student
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS SPECIALISATION?
B Science in Agriculture (p65).
WHAT IS THE SPECIALISATION?
Plant pathology is the study of plant
diseases caused by pathogens. Keeping
plants healthy requires a thorough
understanding of plant disease caused
Example units
Advanced Mycology and Plant Pathology; Soil Biology;
Microbes in the Environment.
Plant Pathology
Plant Science
Plant Pathology
Microbiology
Microbiology
Biology
92
MAJORS
PLANT SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/courses/pathways/plant-science-major
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Plants are essential to the existence
of humans and other animals on our
planet. They are the source of many of
the things we depend on - the oxygen
we breathe, food we eat, fibre for
clothing and shelter and chemicals for
pharmaceuticals and industry. Plants are
a fundamental part of all ecosystems,
helping to provide clean water, healthy
soils and habitat for wildlife. Studying
plant sciences helps us understand how
plants survive in their environment and
provide these benefits for us.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65).
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: Biology, Chemistry.
Example units
Advanced Mycology and Plant Pathology; Terrestrial Field
Ecology: Ecology and Conservation; Plant Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology. Plant Sciences, Plant Disease, Botany.
Biology
Plant Science
Biology
Plant Science
Molecular Biology
Biology
Chemistry
PSYCHOLOGY
http://sydney.edu.au/science/psychology
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes. It is a
diverse discipline that is concerned with
the way we behave in groups as well
as individual behaviour patterns; it is
concerned with the way we act as well
as the way we think and it is concerned
with our interaction with the physical
world as well as our interaction with
others.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B
Medical Science (p62), B Psychology
(p63), B Science (p64), B Science/
M Nutrition and Dietetics (p67).
PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION
Full registration is achieved through
the Psychology Board of Australia. The
current requirements for registration
as a psychologist in Australia are that
you complete an accredited four year
program in psychology and then either:
a) complete an accredited two-three year postgraduate
course; or
b) complete an accredited one year postgraduate course plus
one year Board approved internship; or
c) complete a two year Board approved internship.
These conditions may be revised in the future.
Psychology
Accreditation of psychology courses in Australia is overseen
by the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council. A list of
University of Sydney accredited courses for a psychology
major and/or honours is available at the APAC website:
www.psychologycouncil.org.au
The psychology profession is represented nationally by the
Australian Psychological Society (APS) and membership
eligibility depends on your level of qualification.
Example units
Learning and Behaviour; Social Psychology; Personality
and Intelligence; Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience;
Statistics and Research Methods for Psychology; Applied
Psychology.
* Note: BAgEc – not eligible for accreditation to become a registered psychologist
Psychology
Psychology
93
SOIL SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
“Outcomes of my research will
enable better understanding
of soil carbon which is vital to
the management of natural
resources in an effective and
sustainable manner.”
SENANI KARUNARATNE,
PhD in Agriculture student
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Soil is one of our greatest natural
resources. Soil science encompasses
how soil forms, its role in the
environment, land conservation and
rehabilitation issues. Soil science is a
multi-disciplinary subject combining
aspects of physics, chemistry, biology and the integrative
themes of pedology (the science of natural soils) and
geomorphology (the study of the physical features of the
Earth’s surface).
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
in Agriculture (p65) (as a specialisation).
Example units
Soil Properties and Processes; Introductory Hydrology;
Environmental GIS; Land and Water Ecochemistry; Soil
Biology.
Soil Science
Geosciences
Soil Science
Geosciences
Land & Water
Science
Soil Science
Biology
Geosciences
Land & Water
Science
94
MAJORS
STATISTICS
http://sydney.edu.au/science/maths
“Studying statistics at Sydney
is both rewarding and insightful.
There is a lot of active research
and we’re able to develop
statistical tools and apply these
to current data. It prepares
you for dealing with real world
problems in areas like finance,
physics, medicine and biology,
as well as grounding in the
theoretical development of
statistics.”
SHEILA GHAZANFAR,
B Science (Adv Mathematics), 2012
WHAT IS THE MAJOR?
Statistics are used in all areas of
the sciences and social sciences,
and underlie the making of scientific
inferences under uncertainty. In a
statistics major, you will look at the
areas of probability and theoretical and applied statistics,
and the application of these methods in a number of
areas of science. You will also learn about the design of
experiments, sample surveys and problems in data analysis.
The major units of study are essential training if you wish
to become a professional statistician, tertiary teacher or
researcher, and there are also units of study which provide
a basic knowledge of statistical methods and techniques for
students specialising in other fields.
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS MAJOR?
B Liberal Arts and Science (p62), B Science (p64), B Science
(Adv) (p65), B Science (Adv Maths) (p65).
Statistics
Statistics
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Depends on units: HSC Mathematics Extension 1 and
Extension 2.
Example units
Statistical Inference; Applied Linear Models; Stochastic
Processes and Time Series; Probability and Statistical
Models.
Mathematics
VETERINARY SCIENCE
http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience
DVM Year 4
Study in this area is only available to
students enrolled in the Bachelor of
Veterinary Biology/Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine (BVetBiol/DVM) course.
WHAT IS THE AREA OF STUDY?
Veterinary Science is the study
and clinical practice of animal care,
welfare and management leading to a
professionally recognised and accredited
veterinary qualification.
In your first, second and third year of
the BVetBiol/DVM, you will be given a
sound grounding in the basic biomedical
sciences relevant to veterinary science.
Examples of clinical cases and actual
problems in veterinary practice are used
to promote integrated learning in many
subject areas.
In the fourth, fifth and sixth years, emphasis shifts to
applying this knowledge in clinical settings. Our BVetBiol/
DVM program incorporates a lecture-free year in which
you are assigned as an ‘intern’ in university and commercial
partner practices.
DVM Year 3
WHERE CAN I STUDY THIS AREA?
BVetBiol/DVM (p67).
DVM Year 2
WHAT IS THE ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE?
Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics
Recommended: Biology
DVM Year 1
Animal Bioscience
Animal Nutrition
Animal Genetics
Animal Bioscience
Biology
Chemistry
Statistics
95
HOW
TO
APPLY
HOW TO USE THIS SECTION:
This section has step-by-step
instructions about how to apply to
study at Sydney. We also have tables
listing the academic requirements for
our courses.
96
HOW TO APPLY
HOW TO APPLY:
DOMESTIC STUDENTS
RECOGNISING YOUR
COMMITMENT TO MATHEMATICS
& THE SCIENCES
Do you think you will get good marks
in the following HSC subjects* at
high school?
–– Agriculture
–– Biology
–– Chemistry
–– Earth & Environmental Science
–– Economics
–– Geography
–– Mathematics (not General)
–– Mathematics Extension 1
–– Mathematics Extension 2
–– Physics
These are the subjects we consider
for our flexible entry scheme across
the Division of Natural Sciences.
To find out more please visit:
http://sydney.edu.au/flexible_entry
DOMESTIC STUDENTS
STEP 1 SELECT YOUR COURSE
STEP 2 CHECK THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
For most courses, the assessment is based on the ATAR (Australian Tertiary
Admission Rank) or equivalent. For some courses, like double degree medicine,
entry is also based on an interview.
STEP 3
EXPLORE YOUR ENTRY OPTIONS
We offer a number of special entry pathways for students:
i) Flexible entry: through the flexible entry scheme we look at wider ways of
assessing your suitability for entry to certain courses rather than just allocating
bonus points. For the sciences, we look at your results (Band 4 and above) in
mathematics and science subjects in the HSC or IB.
http://sydney.edu.au/flexible_entry
ii) Special entry: including the Broadway and Early Offer Year 12 (E12) schemes
for you if you have been disadvantaged at school; Cadigal Program for you if you
are of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent; Elite Athlete and Performers
Scheme and a Rural Entry Scheme (Faculty of Veterinary Science) for you if you
grew up in rural Australia.
http://sydney.edu.au/access
iii) Mid-year entry is also available through UAC.
* HSC subjects or equivalent. If you are studying
the International Baccalaureate, see the subject
comparison table opposite.
Our combined science and humanities courses also
take into account some humanities subjects (for
example Languages).
VETERINARY SCIENCE
RURAL ENTRY SCHEME
If you have completed an Australian
Year 12 examination in the last two
years, have no tertiary record, and
have completed at least the last
four years of secondary education
at a rural school, you may be eligible
for admission under the Faculty of
Veterinary Science Rural Students
Entry Scheme. Under this scheme,
a limited number of places will be
available to applicants whose ATAR
is not more than five points below
the main round ATAR cut-off.
For more information please visit:
http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience
STEP 4 VISIT US
You should visit the campus during our open days to get a feel for the place as
well as an opportunity to speak with the academics and students.
STEP 5 APPLY
You apply through the Universities Admissions Centre (UAC). On-time applications
are due by Tuesday 30 September 2014. Late applications are accepted, but a late
fee will apply.
www.uac.edu.au
97
INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
Many students, in Australia and overseas, now complete the International
Baccalaureate Diploma. If you are considering studying, or currently completing
the IB Diploma, please see the comparison table below. This table will help ensure
you complete the relevant subjects to meet the assumed knowledge requirements
of our courses.
INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE / NSW HSC EQUIVALENCY TABLE
IB SUBJECT
NSW HSC SUBJECT
Mathematics Studies (SL)
General Mathematics
Mathematics (SL)
Mathematics
Mathematics (HL)
Mathematics Extension 1
Further Mathematics (SL)
Mathematics Extension 2
Biology (SL/HL)
Biology
Chemistry (SL/HL)
Chemistry
Ecosystems & Societies (SL)
Earth & Environmental Science
Environmental Systems & Societies (SL)
Earth & Environmental Science
Geography (SL)
Geography
Physics (SL/HL)
Physics
SL = Standard level HL= Higher level
This table is to be used as a guide only. Please visit the UAC website to check for an up to date listing.
98
HOW TO APPLY
HOW TO APPLY:
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
STEP 1 SELECT YOUR COURSE
STEP 2 CHECK THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
i) English language requirements: there are minimum English language
requirements for entry to the University. Some courses have higher English
language requirements.
ii) Academic requirements: Each course has specific entry requirements. Check
our website for details. Depending on where you completed your high school
studies, you may need to complete a Foundation Program or equivalent.
iii) Additional entry requirements: some courses have additional entry
requirements, such as an interview for the double degree medicine courses.
STEP 3
CHOOSE YOUR APPLICATION METHOD
There are three ways for undergraduate international students to apply:
i) Apply through the Universities Admissions Centre (UAC): if you are studying
one of the following qualifications, then you should apply through UAC:
–– an Australian Year 12 qualification (eg. NSW HSC, VCE, SA Matriculation) in the
current year
–– the International Baccalaureate in the current year (or direct to the University)
–– the New Zealand Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) Level 3 in New
Zealand in the current year.
www.uac.edu.au
ii) Apply direct to the University: you can apply direct from anywhere in the world
via our online application form or through an agent. You can find a list of agents at
http://sydney.edu.au/internationaloffice/agents
iii) Apply online via http://sydney.edu.au/courses
STEP 4
COMPLETE AND SUBMIT YOUR APPLICATION
Ensure you read all instructions carefully before commencing your application.
If anything is missing it will delay the processing of your application. Standard
application deadlines are:
Semester 1: 31 October
Semester 2: 30 April
To be considered for entry as an
international student you must not
be a citizen of Australia or New
Zealand (including dual citizenship),
or a permanent resident of Australia.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
REQUIREMENTS
International students are required
to demonstrate their English
language ability. This can be
through proof of completion of a
secondary qualification in English or
by completing a recognised English
language test. Unless otherwise
stated, the acceptable English
language requirements are:
IELTS: Overall band score of 6.5 or
better with no band below 6.0
TOEFL: 575 or better plus Test of
Written English (TWE) at 4.5+
CBT (computer-based TOEFL): 233
with an Essay Rating of 4.5
IBT (internet-based TOEFL): 90+
Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency
in English: Grades A or B
Scores over two years old will not be
accepted. If you are taking TOEFL,
your results must be sent directly
to the University of Sydney from
TOEFL/TSE Services at Princeton
USA and the TWE must also be taken.
http://sydney.edu.au/ug-intenglish
GENERAL INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS RECOGNISED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
At the University of Sydney we recognise lots of different international secondary qualifications. The table below lists all the
qualifications we currently recognise. For alternative entry options please visit our website.
Qualification name
Qualification level you need to have completed
Advanced International Certificate of Education
Pass level or above
Cambridge Pre-University Diploma
Accepted (from 2010 onwards) with required score.
European Baccalaureate
Completion of ONE of the following: Diplome du Baccalaureate European, Zeugnis der Europaischen
Reifeprufung, Diploma di Licenze Liceale Europea, Europees Baccalaureaats Diploma
GCE A Levels (UK and comparable
qualifications)
A minimum of three Advanced Level (A2) subjects in the same academic year. At most one A2 subject
may be included from the preceding or following academic year.
International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma
University entry is based on the total score for completed Diploma.
East African Advanced Certificate of Education
West African Higher School Certificate
Principal Level
West African General Certificate of Education
Advanced Level
NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS RECOGNISED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
Country
Qualifications you need to have completed
Austria
Reifezeugnis; Matura; Reifeprufungszeugnis; Maturazeugnis
Belgium
Diploma d'Aptitude a acceder a l'enseignement superieur'; Bekwaamheidsdiploma dat verleert tot het hoger onderwijs; Getuigschrift van
hoger secundair onderwijs; Certificat d'humanities
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Secondary School Leaving Certificate
Bulgaria
Zrelostno Svidetelstvo; Diploma za Zavrsheno Sredno Obrazovanie
Canada
Alberta High School Diploma; British Columbia Senior Secondary School Graduation Diploma; Manitoba High School Graduation Diploma;
Newfoundland Provincial High School Graduation Certificate; New Brunswick High School Graduation Diploma; Nova Scotia High School
Completion Certificate; Ontario Secondary School Diploma; Prince Edward Island High School Graduation Certificate; Quebec Diploma of
Collegial Studies; Saskatchewan Complete Division IV Grade XII Standing
China
Achievement of a Tier One result in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, commonly known as the Gaokao.
Croatia
Croatian Matura (2010 and onwards)
Czech Republic
Vysvedceni o Maturitni Zkousce; Maturita
Denmark
Studentereksamen (from a Gymnasium); Bevis for Hojere Forberedelseksamen; Tekniskeksamen; Handelseksamen
Eire
Leaving Certificate; Matriculation Certificate
Fiji
Fijian Seventh Form Certificate
Finland
Ylioppilastutkintotodistus; Studenteksamensbetyg
France
French Baccalaureat
Germany
Abiturientenzeugnis; Reifezeugnis; Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife; Zeugnis der Reife
Greece
State University/General Entrance Examination; Greek Panhellenic Examination
Hong Kong
Completion of at least three Hong Kong Advanced Level subjects in one academic year (up to 2013); Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary
Education (from 2012 onwards)
Hungary
Gimnaziumi Erettsegi Bizonyitvany; Erettsegi Vizsga; Matura; Szakkozepiskolai Erettsegi_kepesity Bizonyitvany
Iceland
Studentsprof (from a Gymnasium)
India
All India Senior School Certificate (CBSE); Indian School Certificate
Israel
Teudat Bagrut
Italy
Diploma di Maturita Classica; Diploma Maturita Scientifica; Diploma di Maturita Linguistica
Kenya
Kenyan Certificate of Secondary Education; Kenya Advanced Certificate of Education
Korea (South)
Korea Republic College Scholastic Ability Test
Lebanon
Lebanese Baccalaureat
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein Maturitatszeugnis
Luxembourg
Diplome de Fin d'Etudes Secondaires
Macedonia
Macedonian Secondary School Leaving Certificate or Matura (2008 and onwards)
Malaysia
Sijil Tinggi Perskolahan Malaysia (STPM); Malaysian Matriculation Certificate (Matrikulasi)
Malta
University of Malta Advanced Matriculation Examinations
Montenegro
Montenegro Secondary School Leaving Certificate (2010 and onwards)
Netherlands
Voorbereidend Wetnschappelijik Onderwijs (VWO) (from a Gymnasium, Atheneum or Lyceum)
New Zealand
National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA); University Bursary
Norway
Examen Artium; Vitnemal Den Videregaende Skole; Eksamen fra Okonomisk Gymnas
Poland
Matura; Swiadectwo Dojrzalosci Liceum Ogolnoksztalcacego; Swiadectwo Dojrzalosci Liceum Zawodowego; Swiadectwo Dojrzalosci
Technikum Zawodowego; Swiadectwo Dojrzalosci Technikum; Egzamin Maturalny
Portugal
Carta do Curso Complementar Liceus; Certifico de fim de Estudos Secundarios; Diploma de Decimo Segundo Ano de Escolaridad; Certidao do
Decimo Segundo Ano; Diploma Tecnico Profissional
Romania
Diploma de Bacalaureat (Maturitate)
Scotland
Scottish Certificate of Education (SCE) (with passes obtained in two sittings or less over four or more subjects at the Higher Level); National Courses
Serbia
Serbian School Leaving Certificate (Diploma o Zavrsenok Srednjoj Skolij) (from 2006 onwards, with required score)
Singapore
Singapore GCE A levels
Slovak Republic
Vysvedceni o Maturitni Zkousce; Maturita (with required score)
Slovenia
Slovenian Matura (Splosna Matura); Secondary School Leaving Certificate (Maturitetno Spricevalo) (from 1994, with required score)
South Africa
J.M.B. Matriculation Certificate; South African Senior Certificate (prior to 2008); South African National Senior Certificate (2008 onwards)
Spain
Technico Especialista; Curso pre-universitaria; Curso de Orientacion Universitaria
Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan GCE A levels
Sweden
Studentexamen; Gymnaisie Kompetens; Avgangsbetyg fran Gymnaiseskolan
Switzerland
Federal Maturity Certificate (Certificate de Maturite; Baccalaureat; Maturitatszeugnis; Attestato di Maturita
Tanzania
Tanzanian Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education
Thailand
Thailand Certificate of Secondary Education (Matayom 6)
Uganda
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education
UK
GCE A Levels (see table above)
USA
Completion of at least one 'Advanced Placement Tests' with a minimum grade of B or score of 4, presented with required SAT or ACT results
and evidence of graduation from a senior secondary qualification
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) GCE A Levels
100
HOW TO APPLY
2014 DOMESTIC STUDENT
ACADEMIC ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
2014
2014
ATAR*
IB
4 years
84.50
31
60
B Environmental Systems
3 years (4 with honours)
80.50
29
61
511535
B Commerce/B Science
5 years
95.30
37
See B Science
511607
B Education (Secondary: Mathematics)/B Science
5 years
83.00
30
See B Science
511608
B Education (Secondary: Science)/B Science
5 years
83.00
30
See B Science
511790
B Engineering/B Medical Science
5 years
93.65
36
See B Medical
Science
511770
B Engineering/B Science
5 years
90.50
34
See B Science
511009
B Food and Agribusiness
4 years (includes honours)
81.40
30
61
511763
B Information Technology/B Medical Science
5 years
96.75
39
See B Medical
Science
511764
B Information Technology/B Science
5 years
93.25
36
See B Science
512009
B Liberal Arts and Science
3 years (4 with honours)
70.25
25
62
512080
B Medical Science
3 years (4 with honours)
92.50
35
62
512085
B Psychology
4 years (includes honours)
97
39
63
512040
B Science
3 years (4 with honours)
83.00
30
64
512041
B Science (Advanced)
3 years (4 with honours)
95.00
37
64
512042
B Science (Advanced Mathematics)
3 years (4 with honours)
98.35
41
65
512097
B Science (Adv) or B Med Sc/MD
7 years
99.95^
45^
67
512098
B Science (Adv) or B Med Sc/MD (ATSI)
7 years
95.00^
37^
67
511001
B Science in Agriculture
4 years (includes honours)
76.85
28
65
512094
B Science/B Arts
4 years
83.25
30
66
511801
B Science/B Laws
5 years
99.70
44
See B Science
511914
B Science/Master of Nursing
4 years
83.45
31
See B Science
512099
B Science/Master of Nutrition and Dietetics
5 years
97.55
40
66
512101
Bachelor of Veterinary Biology/Doctor of
Veterinary Medicine
6 years
97.3^
39^
67
UAC CODE COURSE
DURATION
512105
B Animal and Veterinary Bioscience
511006
*The 2014 ATAR is the main round cut-off for Commonwealth Supported Places.
^
Plus additional criteria.
PAGE
IMPORTANT DATES
FIRST SEMESTER 2015
SECOND SEMESTER 2015
EVENTS IN 2014/2015
2 MARCH
Lectures begin
27 JULY
Lectures begin
30 AUGUST 2014
Open Day
3 - 10 APRIL
Mid-semester vacation
28 SEPTEMBER - 2 OCTOBER
Mid-semester vacation
15 - 19 SEPTEMBER 2014
Honours Information Week
8 - 12 JUNE
Study vacation
2 - 6 NOVEMBER
Study vacation
6 JANUARY 2015
Info Day
15 - 27 JUNE
Examination period
9 - 21 NOVEMBER
Examination period
27 JUNE
Semester ends
21 NOVEMBER
Semester ends
HELP
UNIVERSITY FUTURE STUDENT HELPLINE
T 1300 362 006
E future.students@http://sydney.edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/future_students
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT HELPLINE
T 1800 899 376
(within Australia – future students only)
+61 2 8627 8300 (outside Australia)
F +61 2 8627 8387
http://sydney.edu.au/international/future_students
This publication features photography by Louise Atkins, Nathan Atkins, Trixie Barretto,
Mark Donohoe, Misha Donohoe, Jayne Ion, Katie Kaars, Ted Sealey and Collin Zheng.
Cover photo by Jayne Ion.
Written by Louise Atkins, Carla Avolio, Vanessa Barratt, Katynna Gill, Sue Markham
and Asa Wahlquist.
Edited by Louise Atkins and Vanda Northwood.
Produced by Chris Angwin, Division of Natural Sciences.
Printed by Impress Colour.
UNIVERSITIES ADMISSIONS CENTRE (UAC)
Quad 2, Australia Centre
(first building on right)
8 Parkview Drive,
Homebush Bay NSW 2127, Australia
T +61 2 9752 0200
www.uac.edu.au
Faculty of Agriculture and Environment
T +61 2 8627 1000
F +61 2 8627 1099
E agriculture.generalenquiries@http://sydney.edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/agriculture
Faculty of Science
T +61 2 9351 3021
F +61 2 9351 4846
E science.information@http://sydney.edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/science
Faculty of Veterinary Science
T +61 2 9351 8783
F +61 2 9351 3056
E vet.science@http://sydney.edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience
University Future Student Helpline
T 1300 362 006
E future.students@http://sydney.edu.au
http://sydney.edu.au/future_students
International Student Helpline
T 1800 899 376 (within Australia – future students only)
+61 2 8627 8300 (outside Australia)
F +61 2 8627 8387
http://sydney.edu.au/future_students
Follow us
@Sydney_Science
NATURAL
SCIENCES
Produced by the Natural Sciences, the University of Sydney,
February 2014.
The University reserves the right to make alterations to any information
contained within this publication without notice.
ABN 15 211 513 464
CRICOS 00026A