|1 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Vol. IXI No. 957| January 10, 2015 | ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Flag carrier enrages private carriers www.thereporterethiopia.com Price 5.00 Birr When the smoke clears By Kaleyesus Bekele Owners and managers of local private airlines yesterday voiced their grave concern over Ethiopian Airlines recent initiative to launch a premium charter flight services. Following a news article run by The Reporter about Ethiopian Airlines plan to commence new premium passenger charter flight services in Ethiopia and abroad with light aircraft, local private airlines wrote a letter to the Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA) requesting the authority to organize an urgent stakeholders meeting. Accepting the request ECAA called representatives of Ethiopian Airlines, Ethiopian Airports Enterprise, private Flag carrier... page 40 Board demands Blue apology Blue says no By Neamin Ashenafi The National Electoral Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) has demanded a formal letter of apology from Semayawi Party (Blue) due to the party’s activity in the past mainly relating to its walking out of two meetings that the Board called to discuss election time table and fund allocation to political parties, in addition to its role as leader of the newly established the nine parties cooperation. Board demands... page 40 K enya has one of the most stringent laws when it comes to smoking cigarettes. In fact, Kenyan smokers have been labeled by the BBC as “an endangered group”. Prison terms of up to three years and a ma[imum Àne of 86' , are set out as penalties in the 7obacco Control $ct that came into effect in . Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com Ethiopia recently issued a directive that seeks to control the production and sale of tobacco, which when compared to Kenya is lenient. 6mokers in Ethiopia will have to adapt to the new law, which is expected to be enforced in three months time, writes Mikias Sebsibe. 6EE )8// 6725< 21 P$*E . 2| EDITORIAL The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Published weekly by Media & Communications Center Address: Bole Sub City, Kebele 03, H. No. 2347 Tel: 011 6 616180 Editorial 011 6 616185 Reception 011 6 616187 Finance Fax: 011 6 616189 PO Box:7023 0910 885206 Marketing E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.thereporterethiopia.com General Manager Amare Aregawi Managing Editor Bruh Yihunbelay Editor-in-Chief Asrat Seyoum Sub city: N.lafto, K. 10/18, H.No. 614 Senior Editors Yacob Wolde-Mariam Dibaba Amensisa Mikias Sebsibe Editors Kaleyesus Bekele Yonas Abiye Assistant Editor Tibebeselassie Tigabu Senior Reporters Henok Reta Neamin AshenaÀ Columnist Leyou Tameru Chief Graphic Designer Yibekal Getahun Senior Graphic Designer Tewodros Kebkab Graphic Designers Tsehay Tadesse Fasika Balcha Endale Solomon Semenh Sisay Netsanet Yacob Bezaye Tewodros Head of Photography Nahom Tesfaye Photographers Tamrat Getachew Mesfen Solomon Website Bezawit Tesfaye Binyam Hailu Cartoonist Elias Areda Fasil W/giorgis Marketing Manager Endalkachew Yimam Marketing 2IÀcers Biruk Mulugeta Biruk Chernet Computer Secretaries Birtukan Abate, Helen Yetayew, Print Tesfaye Mengesha, Yeyesuswork Mamo,Gezaghgn Mandefro Looking to Ethiopian values for inspiration Some of the values which are considered to be the hallmarks of Ethiopian culture are our strong solidarity during both good and bad times, our ability to value more the ties that bind us together than those that set us apart, our celebration of various religious and cultural holidays together and, above all, our undying love for our country. The age-old custom of settling disputes amicably through the offices of elders is also a time-honored tradition that is shared by various communities in the country. The celebration, as one, of religious holidays by followers of the Islamic and Christian faiths sets an example to the whole world. Aside from holidays, the concern we show for each other during weddings, mournings and other social occasions is among the values we very much cherish as a people. Despite differences in traditions, religious beliefs, political outlooks and lifestyles we have managed to co-exist harmoniously to this date. Though we are struggling under the burden of an inexorable rise in the cost of living, though we are suffering from human rights violations, though poverty is testing our very survival, and though the lack of good governance is increasingly making life an ordeal for us, we Ethiopians have stuck it out and will continue to live in peace thanks to our precious values. In the past week the togetherness that has existed for centuries was reflected in the society when Muslims and Christians celebrated two holidays within a space of four days. They not only partook in the other’s festivities, but also exchanged good wishes and visited the other bearing gifts; in short, they reaffirmed their solidarity and brotherliness. Such a treasured value needs to be nurtured and strengthened. Regardless of differences in political views, the ability of Ethiopians to look out for and help each other has never been questioned. This said, the elite of the country are trying to exploit ethnic and political differences to undermine these laudable values of the society so as to foist their extremist views on the Ethiopian public. Indisposed towards the fact that there is unity within diversity and beauty within diversity, they are intent on advancing their group interest alone at the expense of others’ interests. One of the major flaws that have characterized Ethiopian politics over the past 40 years is the unwillingness to give credit to time-tested values which are embodied in what is known as Ethiopianness. This is primarily manifested in the intolerance displayed towards and labeling those who express differing views as enemies. A glance at history, however, reveals that Ethiopians are well-known for treasuring unity and patriotism than squabbling over their differences. While ordinary citizens appreciate the fact that they are but citizens of a country they love and root for each other, politicians www.thereporterethiopia.com prefer to tread the opposite path. The group which ascends power wastes no time to intimidate, imprison and kill its opponents in disregard of their legitimate right to express views contrary to its manifesto. Meanwhile, those aspiring to take the reins of power threaten to “return the favor” should their wish come true. Consequently, such aversion to accommodating differences through dialogue perpetuates the enmity between both sides. The country’s history over the past 40 years was marred by blood-letting and hatred owing to our collective inability to respect the precious values of the society. Indeed it’s sad to see bad blood between politicians in a country where there proliferate elderly persons held in high esteem. The situation has been compounded by “elderlies” who add fuel to the fire instead of using their moral authority to ease the tension and help find an amicable solution. All in all, Ethiopia’s future will not be rosy unless political actors embrace the virtuous aspects of the society’s values. Both left-leaning and right-leaning political parties have for long said more than their fair share about how they alone are capable of ensuring that the people of Ethiopia enjoy the fruits of democracy. Therefore, we should ask ourselves as a country why they have been found wanting when it comes to delivering what they promised. Given that democracy is a marketplace where diverse opinions can be exchanged, no limit should be placed on freedom of expression. If the conditions which allow the exercise of this right fully are put in place, then it’s only natural that conflict, polarization and use of force will give way to peace, unity and tolerance. The tradition of co-existing in harmony, a value which is prized by the Ethiopian society, is a veritable sign of possession of wisdom. In spite of the trials and tribulations they have undergone for centuries and continue to face at the hands of their rulers and politicians to this date, and despite the unrelenting effort of extremist elements bent on undermining their long-established traditions by sowing the seeds of conflict, Ethiopians have been wise enough not to lose sight of the need for unity. The values and traditions of the great people of Ethiopia need to be respected by all Ethiopians alike, including politicians and those who hang on their coattails. It is not in anybody’s interest to entrench divisions and add fuel to fire. Making use of the centuries-old values of the society will go a long way towards putting back on course the badly-gone-awry Ethiopian politics. So will placing the interest of the nation and the public above that of political parties or certain individuals. In short, it is high time that Ethiopian politicians of all stripes looked for inspiration to the remarkable values of the Ethiopian people in how they conduct themselves. HEADLINES |3 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Parties reject Board deadline for settling their issues Exporters’ Day By Neamin Ashenafi Photo By: Reporter/Mesfen Solomon Leaders of two opposition parties, the Unity for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) and the All Ethiopian Unity Party (AEUP), severely criticized the National Electoral Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) for placing a fixed deadline, which extended for one week, to settle their internal party differences and disagreements, if they are to take part in the upcoming election scheduled for May 24. The two parties have experienced internal turmoil during past few months mainly pertaining to party leadership succession and power struggle. The Board’s deadline expires on January 12. And the parties have to get their leadership elections in order by then if they want to participate in the election. Chairperson of the Board with a rank of minister, Merga Bekana (Prof.), told journalists in his office on Tuesday, that each of these parties have not presented their nominees for the upcoming general election due to the disagreements that have been created among the leaders. Wonji-Shoa Sugar Factory boosts production to ease shortage Merga also said, “The parties have selected their leaders without convening a general assembly, which in effect is a violation of their own bylaws and the regulations of the Board.” Wonji-Shoa Sugar Factory has started producing with full capacity making 7221 quintals of sugar per day to curb shortage of the sweetener that recently gripped the nation. “AEUP had held its general assembly without a representative of the Board present, as the party changed the date of the assembly without proper notice. Some of the leaders elected were not even in the party and this is against the parties’ bylaws,” the chairman added. The factory has been undertaking an expansion with an outlay of three billion birr since 2011 in Wonji area; 110 km south east of the capital, in the Oromia Regional State. The expansion work was carried out by Uttam Group of India after the Indian government extended a USD 640 million loan for three sugar factory projects including two expansion projects at Fincha and Wonji and a new factory in Tendaho, in In this regard, the Board has thus decided to fix a deadline for January 12, for the parties to come up with a solution and in order to be able to take part in the upcoming election. INSIDE Parties reject... page 38 orter, The Rep V 16| LI The , Las ert Glen s By Rob Mustang Ð 2015 uary 10, 957 ay, Jan No. Vol. XIX h of searc Colinas, In s, US Texa ba is Aba days Add rging in eme These al wingly on the glob is gro elight published by al the lim rnation Reports stage. reputed inte the various ions describe cities of the institut as one should olis e metrop ld which wor owledg of the and acknprominence ted be visi gaining g is emergin that it ng the A.T. ex from amothe world. es Ind of bal Citi ba cities Aba y’s Glo is rne Add Kea ranked located cities (GCI) ome -inc among d high thir dle - and me even in mid es to beco is rapid countri al. There n of glob structio more the con residential of e pac t cial and commer roads, ligh gs, buildin s and other ever, railway uctures. How being infrastr ntion is not ents due atte soft compon to tes given lic art, wri . 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The Ethiopian Sugar Corporation (ESC) attributed the shortage to suspension of sugar production during the rainy season in the three existing sugar factories – Wonji/Shoa, Metehara and Fincha – as well as delay in Tendaho Sugar project which was expected to enter production in May last year. T 20| IN According to him 85,574 quintals of sugar is already stored in the warehouse waiting to be picked up for distribution. A similar scenario was witnessed at Wonji-Shoa Sugar... page 38 2015 uary 10, 957 ay, Jan No. Vol. XIX r, Saturd orte degree his Àrst for elak did re leaving opia. =em ity befo ity Law in Ethi Univers Commun articles rnments of Jimma at the ol l gove various of versity on loca lished Law Scho e Uni tiers iali]ing or at the Western Cap Zemelak pub the lowest da er spec instruct publishe al lawy in the versity. rnments or as an has e Uni titution recently degrees served third the sam local gove ance. He Zemelak is a cons ity. 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Excerpts: came the part one of Ethiopia stitution ents in E Con the FDR local governm t to pertinen ERVIE “We have plenty amount of sugar in store but the transportation is below the production level,” Dadi Bekele, property unit head of the factory, told The Reporter. While briefing journalists who were on a field visit to the project site, Wonji Shoa Factory officials said part of the problem in sugar supply lies with the distribution channel in place. They The Rep Saturd ARTS THE ING & blamed the state owned Merchandize Wholesale and Import Trade Enterprise (MEWIT), which is responsible for the distribution of sugar to institutions and regional states outside Addis Ababa. the Afar Regional State. 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Its firm children they Sleep can rem dren if mov is rest ort to suit from parents es chil rate andthe bed or supp and guid the US and uded t also ne and in leaves comfort is incl ic ligh of onli reading automat level lable re for app. An is avai featu bed g the A tilt t. The off usin at nigh up light to get 1,000. need nd USD arou om thiopia.c eportere .ther www f / Picture above are Bereket Simon, advisor of the PM and the board chairman of CBE accompanied by Bekalu Zeleke, president of CBE, while awarding Addis Alemayehu, managing director of 251Communications who represents the leading money transfer agent, Western Union. Western Union along with Midroc Gold, received the special award for fetching the nation some USD 450 million in remittance last year. The Exporters’ Day was marked in the presence of senior government officials and top business people. S The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) hosted a gala dinner at the Sheraton Addis on Thursday to award its prominent customers engaged in the export sector. 4| HEADLINES The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Gov’t downplays urban lease price concerns By Yonas Abiye Amid growing critique towards the government for exuberant urban land lease prices in Addis Ababa, Mekuria Haile, Minister of Urban Development, Housing and Construction (MoUDHC), downplayed concerns saying that it is in no way linked to the current macroeconomic condition of the country and the health of the economy. However, responding for questions from PMs, Mekuria assured the lawmakers that recent high prices has no macroeconomic implication whatsoever. The Minister defended that the incident is just a happening in a free market and that it has no relationship Ð The Ministry of Mines announced that it has stopped issuing mineral exploration licenses in the South Western part of the country, a region known for different mineral deposits. Local and foreign mining companies expressed their discontent over the large concession held by the Chinese and Ethiopian geological survey institutes for the joint geological study. Based on a bilateral agreement signed by the governments of China and Ethiopia the Ethiopian and China geological survey institutes are undertaking a joint geological study in the South Western part of Ethiopia since 2012. The South Western part of Ethiopia is known for different mineral resources including gold. The concession includes tens of thousands of sqkm of land in South Western parts of Ethiopia. The geological surveys are trying to identify the mineral resources of the concession area. Chinese and Ministry suspends... page 39 Japan-funded geothermal project hobbled by shortage of water While presenting a five-month performance report of his ministry, Mekuria told MPs, “As Addis Ababa is already undergoing re-development process, the city would provide sufficient amount of land that can fully meet the demands of any investor and/ or any individual”. It also drew fierce criticism for the government for playing its part in the ever soaring urban land price in the capital. Some even accuse the government of purposely limiting the supply of land that results in fueling the price. By Kaleyesus Bekele In a public notice issued last week, the Ministry of Mines, Mineral Licensing and Administration Directorate, announced that it has suspended issuing mineral exploration licenses in South West part of the country as this area is reserved for a joint geological study being undertaken by the Ethiopian and Chinese geological survey institutes. The directorate revealed that it will not accept applications from companies requesting exploration areas in this part of the country for unspecific period of time. The minister, who appeared before parliament on Tuesday, said that the recent lease prices, which are recored to be as high as 305,000 birr per sqm, is for sure unusual but will not concern the government since it will go back to being normal very soon. Following last month’s auction that saw a plot in Merkato area priced over 300,000 birr, analysts are arguing that this price offered for a total of 449 sqm of land may well be the most expensive land-lease price in the world. Ministry suspends issuing exploration licenses in mineral rich areas By Birhanu Fikade Mekuria Haile with the core economic process. “Usually, in Addis Ababa, several thousand plots are offered for auction at a time. Out of these, thousands of plots, only one plot was provided for auction recently, which has managed to fetch 305,000 birr per square meter. This cannot be a reflection of the existing economy” he explained. “It is this particular plot of land that has become such an unprecedented phenomena,” Mekuria added. “May be, the individuals who leased that particular plot, have their own economic analyses. Therefore, there is no any other explanation other than accepting it as it is the principle of free Gov’t downplays... page 38 One of the projects funded by the Japanese government in Ethiopia, the newly-initiated Alto Langano geothermal power plant, is said to be delayed due to shortage of water supply that is essential in an initial test drilling work. The Alto Langano geothermal project, which is being undertaken near Lake Langano is expected to generate some 70 MW electric power for the country. The project was set to be finalized and start power generation by the end of 2018. According to Jin Kimyaki, Chief Representative of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for Ethiopia, however, the project is facing some challenges that are hindering its progress. One of the challenges he mentioned was the availability of water for the first phase drilling activity. At a press conference held on Thursday at his office located off Ethio-Chinese road, in Wollosefer, Kimyaki said that the project had planned to conduct as many test drillings as possible before commencing with actual construction of the power plant. So far, Japanese experts, in collaboration with the Ethiopian Geological Survey and the Ethiopian Electric Power, have manged to drill some 2,000 meters, Kimyaki told journalists. However, if it was not for shortage of water that is required while operating the drilling equipment, the drilling activity was scheduled to continue during the coming month, Kimyaki said. The whole drilling tasks, according to the chief representative, will be finalized in the coming two years’ time. But it is also the case that Tokyo has not yet been able to embark on the funds Japan-funded... page 39 NEWS IN BRIEF Vitol Bahrain to supply diesel, benzene to Ethiopia Ethiopia marks 365 days without reported cases of Polio Vitol Bahrain, part of the Vitol Group a multinational energy trading company, will supply 30 percent of Ethiopia’s import of diesel and benzene starting from this month, the Ethiopian Petroleum Supply Enterprise (EPSE) announced. Since 5 January 2014 no new cases of wild polio virus have been reported from the Somali region of Ethiopia, where the last case of polio in the country was reported, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The contract has given to the company that won the bid for the importation of the products for the coming year, Demelash Alemu, Adviser to the CEO of the Enterprise, said. Pierre M’Pele-Kilebou (PhD), WHO Representative to Ethiopia, and Dr Omar Mohammed Farah, head of Somali Regional State Health Bureau, visited Wardher town in Doollo Zone, Somali region, on 5 January 2015 to congratulate the Zonal Administration and WHO/UNICEF Operations Base staff for their persistent efforts to ensure that every last child gets vaccinated against this paralyzing disease. The fall in the price of oil globally benefited Ethiopia. The nation has managed to save more than 103 USD because of the price decline over the past six months, Demelash said. The nation saved this amount of money in spite of the increase in the consumption of oil nationally by 8 percent compared to the previous year, the adviser added. Ethiopia could still stand to gain from the continued tumble in the price of oil with the nation expecting to save another USD 600 million. Ethiopia imports 70 percent of diesel, kerosene for airplanes and benzene from Kuwait, while light and heavy diesel oil for industries are imported from Saudi Arabia. (ENA) The high level delegation acknowledged the excellent collaboration with the Polio Partners Group in Ethiopia to kick polio out of the country and the Horn of Africa. Until August 2013, when the first case of wild polio virus was confirmed from the Somali region, Ethiopia had been polio-free since 2008. Ethiopia’s fast and aggressive response together with immunization partners helped to halt the spread of the disease, but intensified efforts must continue as the virus continues to circulate in neighboring Somalia. www.thereporterethiopia.com HEADLINES |5 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Etur Textile to start export to Unregulated raw hide, skin Europe, US market irate traders By Henok Reta The Turkish textile manufacturer, Etur Textile has announced on Monday that it would start exporting its products to markets in Europe and America having conducted successful trial exports to Algeria and Morocco. According to Adil Basoglu, board member and executive director of Etur, the factory has fully embarked on production and it will soon start export into the larger overseas markets. Etur Textile, one of the largest textile factories operating in Ethiopia, is located in Wonji road, six km from Adama town in the south east of the capital Addis Ababa. According to the executive director, the textile factory aims at becoming the biggest exporter in the country. “We have moved here to become more productive and help out the countries vision in the sector,” Basoglu said. Turkish, Chinese and Indians are major contributors for the textile and garment export which has reportedly grown by 28 percent year on year during the previous fiscal year (20122013). Under the five years Growth and Transformation Plan, currently on its final year, Ethiopia aims to earn USD one billion from the textile industry But the country is still far from achieving the target mainly plagued by shortage of raw material such as cotton. In the last five months of 2014, Ethiopia imported more than 3,000 tons of cotton to meet the demand of domestic textile industry as a short-term measure, Textiles Industry Development Institute (TIDI) said this week. By Yonas Abiye Despite the revised Raw Hide and Skin Marketing Proclamation – enacted by the House of Peoples’ Representatives in 2013 – the conventional marketing in Addis Ababa remains unregulated and is conducted in a disorganized manner. According to the revised proclamation, any person, other than the producer participating in first level marketing of raw hide and skin shall have a valid business license to engage in the business of raw hide and skin. The raw hide and skin market Ready to rail Currently there are 110 textile companies in Ethiopia of which Photo By: Reporter /Tamrat Getachew Basoglu said high turnover of employees is forcing the company to bring in untrained labor which is only aggravating work-related accidents inside the main production units. “We have no clear response for that since we know we are paying them relatively higher salary,” Basoglu says. In addition to this Basoglu also told journalists visiting the company that dust blowing up from the gravel road by adjacent to the factory is set up has also been affecting business in the production unit. “We have told the city administration so many times but no quick response yet,” Basoglu said. The underground railway tunnel located near St. George Church is considered to be a milestone engineering achievement in the history of Addis Ababa. This is part of the Light Railway Transit (LRT) project which is expected to start operations in a few months time. Al-Shabaab lost 80% of the areas under their control – AU “The government has repeatedly promised to regulate the market by controlling those traders with no license. However, they [the nonlicensed traders] are still conducting the business while we are trying to penetrate the market in a legal manner,” a businesswoman, who requested anonymity, told The Reporter. Others also expressed their discontent saying that that illegal traders are affecting them by setting unnecessary price for raw hide and skin. Hiring more than 800 employees, the factory has stepped up its production to start export in full capacity. However, employees complain of meager wages, a portion of which is deducted for the recruiting agency but the company denies. “We have no clear response for that since we know we are paying them relatively higher salary,” Basoglu said. during the just-passed holiday season witnessed lack of supervision and the involvement of some “brokers and non-licensed traders”. Raw hide and skin traders at the Shola market in Addis Ababa told The Reporter that the involvement of “brokers and nonlicensed traders” is something that that government needs to control. On Christmas day, sheep skin was sold for an average of 50 birr while it was sold for 60 birr a few days ago during Maulid (the Birth of the Prophet Mohammed). Similarly, goat skin was sold for 25 birr while ox skin was sold for 5 birr per kilogram; however, the price of goat and ox skins showed no difference from the selling price during Maulid day. The licensed traders bought sheep skin for 50 birr while the “nonlicensed” traders bought it for for 50 to 60 birr. This is one of the rancors raised by the licensed traders. In addition to this, The Reporter witnessed mishandling of the products, which is also one of the obligations penned in the proclamation. Similarly, the revised proclamation prohibits the selling and buying of raw hide and skin outside designated areas and should be conducted under the supervision of the enforcing body; the Ministry of Trade. Unregulated... page 39 Turkish president to visit Ethiopia in Africa tour this month The Al-Qaeda linked terrorist group Al-Shabaab has lost ground in 80 percent of the areas it used to control in Somalia, African Union (AU) envoy said. AU Special Representative to Somalia and head of AMISOM, Ambassador Maman Sidikou said this at a press conference held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Shedding light on the security situation of Somalia and the achievements of African Union peacekeeping troops, the ambassador said Al-Shabaab lost control of over 80 percent of the areas under their control through joint military operations by AU troops and government forces. The ambassador stated that Al-Shabaab shifted their strength and capability to the rich agricultural areas of Lower Juba region controlled by the Interim Juba Administration. Sidikou has not specified the exact date when the military operations against Al-Shabaab will be launched, but said there are ongoing negotiations and consultations on the issue. The ambassador has been in Addis Ababa the last few days to discuss issues with the regional leaders related to the operations against Al-Shabaab that are expected to begin in few weeks time.(WIC) Turkish President Reep Tayyip Erdogan will go on his first overseas trip of 2015 to the African continent. World Bulletin reported citing information from the Presidency sources that Erdogans’ first round trip, which will be in January, will include Ethiopia, Tanzania and Somalia. Turkish investors with over 3 billion USD capital are engaged in various sectors in Ethiopia, the country’s Ambassador to Ethiopia, Osman R. Yavuzalp, disclosed. This makes Turkish business persons the leading foreign investor in Ethiopia in terms of capital volume. According to the ambassador, the trade exchange between the two countries had jumped over 400 million USD. Ethiopia imports machinery, metals, plastic products, drugs and factory products while exporting oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, cereals and textile. The two countries would work together in climate change, fighting terrorism and other international issues, Ambassador Yavuzalp said. Erdogan will go to four separate tours and will visit a total of 12 countries in Africa. As the prime minister, Erdogan visited Somalia in 2011 and he will go there as the president this time. www.thereporterethiopia.com 6| IN-DEPTH The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 1ational Tobacco Enterprise has enjoyed a continued rise in proÀts averaging above ten percent each year. In 20, the enterprise generated . million birr in proÀt before tax, representing a growth of percent compared to that of the previous year. The irony in the government’s bid to control the use of tobacco lies in the fact that some 0 percent of the market share of the tobacco industry is owned by the state itself. Ð When the smoke clears: new tobacco directive In a January 2013 interview with Tobacco Journal International, a leading publication on tobacco, Gizachew Hagos, managing director of National Tobacco Enterprise (NTE), said he does not anticipate any significant policy changes affecting tobacco products in Ethiopia following the death of the then Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. Prior to that, the late premier sent back a regulation which sought to control the use of tobacco for revision. The House of Peoples’ Representatives recently ratiÀed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The convention is one of the quickly ratiÀed treaties in the history of the United 1ations. 1ow the Ethiopian regulatory authority is mandated to undertake “all acts necessary” to implement the convention, writes Mikias Sebsibe. His replacement, Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, however, acted swiftly in pushing the ratification of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in January 2014, a decade after Ethiopia signed the convention. The convention was ratified by parliament in January 2014 earning the House an award from the World Health Organization (WHO). FCTC entered into force in February 2005 and is one of the most quickly ratified treaties in the United Nations history. There are 180 states as parties to the FCTC with Zimbabwe being the latest to join on December 4, 2014. Ethiopia is perceived as a country where cigarette smoking rate is one of the lowest in the world. Out of a population of 90 million, some 2.4 million people smoke cigarettes. Although available data is sketchy, most recent figures show that annual cigarette per capita consumption (number of cigarettes smoked per adult per year) stands at 62 pieces – roughly one cigarette a week. In comparison, per capita consumption in Djibouti is 309 and more than 2,800 in Serbia. However, the picture is quickly changing with a growing number of smokers particularly among the youth. Forecasts indicate a substantial rise in the coming decade. As smoking of tobacco continues to decline in higher income countries, global tobacco companies have shifted their attention to low income regions of the world where cigarette smoking is on the rise. Africa is quickly becoming a frontier market for tobacco companies. However, more and more countries in the continent are also introducing measures to control the production and distribution of tobacco. In 2014 alone, a dozen African countries, including Ethiopia, have done just that. which is expected to enter into force in the next three months. Banned Tobacco advertisements, promotions and sponsorships Smoking in public places Use of any additives to give the tobacco Áavors that would make it palatable Import of electronic cigarettes Use of trademarks as well as depictions such as ‘light’, ‘ultralight’ or ‘mild’ Selling to under the age of Selling cigarette in singles 2penly display cigarettes Following Ethiopia’s ratification of the FCTC, the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority (EFMHACA) was mandated to undertake “all acts necessary” to implement the convention. Pursuant to that, the authority has drafted a directive www.thereporterethiopia.com “Tobacco is a growing public health concern in Ethiopia which requires early intervention,” Dereje Moges, health law advisor at EFMHACA and one of the drafters of the directive, told The Reporter. The directive prohibits indoor smoking in public places such as hotels, bars, nightclubs, cinemas, tourist sites, work places, elevators, stairs, restrooms, factories, airports, bus and train stations. In these places smoking is allowed in areas specifically designated for such purpose. Designated areas must have their own ventilation and should be quarantined. However, there is no obligation on the part of owners of such places to designate smoking areas. There is also a complete ban on smoking in schools, hospitals, children’s playgrounds, stadiums, youth centers and in public transportations. The directive also puts a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertisements, promotions and sponsorships. Companies would also be required to have a special permit to produce or import tobacco. The directive forbids the use of any additives to give the tobacco flavors that would make it palatable. This could spell an effective ban on the use of shisha tobacco which, almost in all cases, is prepared using a variety of flavors. Although there has been no law that bans the use of shisha, authorities have been confiscating properties and shutting down businesses that offer the service in the past. The new directive could give the measure a legal backing that was absent in the past. The law also bans the import of electronic cigarettes regardless of the fact that it contains nicotine or not. Importers were expressing interest and approaching EFMHACA to import such products but there has been no license issued, The Reporter has learnt. Manufacturers will also be required to print health warnings with a corresponding image on tobacco packets covering 30 percent of the packet’s cover front face. The law also bans use of trademarks as well as depictions such as ‘light’, ‘ultra-light’ or ‘mild’. The packaging and labeling section of the directive is suspended for six months for manufacturers to sell out. Industry in the dark The irony in the government’s bid to control the use of tobacco lies in the fact that some 60 percent of the market share of the tobacco industry is owned by the state itself. The National Tobacco Enterprise (NTE) has a monopoly on all IN-DEPTH |7 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Failure to observe the law entails Ànes and other administrative measures including suspension of business license in grave cases against establishments. But the law does not prescribe penalties on smokers found in violation of the directive. the manufacturing and importing of tobacco products in the country, as well as owning the only four tobacco farms. NTE is 78 per cent owned by the government and 22 per cent by a Yemeni company called Sheba Investment Plc. However, Sheba is expected to up its share to 60 percent after sealing a deal of 1.25 billion birr in June 2014. The enterprise, that had not anticipated policy changes affecting the tobacco industry, was kept in the dark during the entire drafting process of the new directive. “It will be difficult to comment on the new directive and its impact on the tobacco industry as we were not consulted at any stage of the drafting process,” Ayele Alebel, public relations head at NTE, told The Reporter. He only had a first look at the directive when approached by The Reporter. Dereje says the convention Ethiopia ratified requires states to protect the involvement of tobacco companies in the formulation of their public health policies. Indeed, the convention obliges parties to the treaty to protect the setting and implementation of their public health policies with respect to tobacco control “from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry.” Yet, those in the business of tobacco industry insist the new directive will have little impact on their industry. “People in this country rarely smoke cigarettes in many of the public places now banned even before this directive,” an official at NTE said on condition of anonymity. “Instead of discouraging smokers, this directive might, in fact, promote illicit commercial activity,” he added. In collaboration with the Ethiopian Revenues Customs Authority (ERCA), NTE has been fighting to tackle contraband business. It is estimated that the contraband tobacco business serves at least 40 percent of the market. Despite the challenges, NTE has enjoyed a continued rise in profits averaging above ten percent each year. In 2013, the enterprise generated 319.5 million birr in profit before tax, representing a growth of 14 percent compared to that of the previous year. Aside from the revenue it generates as a major shareholder of NTE, the government has also pocketed 730 million birr in taxes from the enterprise in 2012, 23 million birr more than the previous year. The law could spell an effective ban on the use of shisha tobacco which, almost in all cases, is prepared using a variety of Áavors. Although there has been no law that bans the use of shisha, authorities have been conÀscating property. of Ethiopia. The machine is expected to boost cigarette production by fifty percent. “This company has been in the business for the past 70 years but the number of smokers in the country is still very low. This is mainly because the business has been under government monopoly,” the anonymous official said. “We will continue to conduct our business responsibly,” he added. The enterprise produces four brands including Nyala, Delight, Eleni and Gissila and plans to add another brand during its strategic plan period. It also imports Marlboro and Rothman cigarettes. Ban on singles The majority of cigarette sales in Ethiopia are in singles, according to the NTE. When the tobacco control directive enters into force, such transactions will be banned. Buyers will be required to purchase cigarettes in packs containing at least 20 pieces. Under its strategic plan (2013 - 2017), NTE has more aggressive goals including increasing profit before tax by 115.6 percent and set up more tobacco farms and expanding its market share to 80 percent producing 6.5 billion sticks of cigarettes from the current four billion. “It is mostly very young kids who buy cigarettes in singles,” Mesfin Mahmoud, a shoe shine and street vendor, told The Reporter. He welcomes the government’s move to control tobacco and says he would happily help in enforcing it because of his ‘Christian values’. To achieve these targets, NTE last year acquired a new 140 million birr machine after securing loans from the state-owned Development Bank “I try to advise people to quit smoking whenever they ask for cigarettes. But they reply why I am selling it if I believe smoking is bad,” Mesfin says. “If it www.thereporterethiopia.com wasn’t for my partner I would not be selling cigarettes,” Mesfin, who started street vending business with his friend two years ago, said. Cigarettes are one of the most in-demand items among the small stock of socks, sandals, matches, gums and biscuits on Mesfin’s display. The directive bans vendors like Mesfin from openly displaying cigarettes or selling tobacco for children under the age of 18. When in doubt, retailers may require identification cards to ascertain ages, the law states. Yosef Fisseha (name changed), 23, started smoking when he was 17. He says he and his friends started smoking when they were a high school student. “Smoking was considered as something cool,” Yosef, who buys cigarettes in packs but smokes three cigarettes a day, told The Reporter. “The law will not have an impact on my smoking habits but I see its importance from the point of view of protecting non-smokers and discouraging new starters,” Yosef says. Yosef has been smoking for the past six years, despite health scares in the past which led him to quit smoking temporarily; he does not anticipate he would stop smoking. “I might cut back but I do not intend to stop,” he told The Reporter. Health risks associated with smoking When the smoke... page 38 8| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com |9 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment INVITATION FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST(EOI) FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL AND CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES CONSTRUCTION IN GAMBELA REGION TO REGISTER FOR REVIEW AND PREQUALIFICATION AS POTENTIAL CONTRACTORS TO UNICEF IN ETHIOPIA The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) intends to construct primary school(s) and child friendly spaces in Gambela region refugee camps and hosting communities located in Lare and Itang weredas with selected ‘preTuali¿ed’ General/Building Contractor(s) of Grade-5 and above who will be invited to submit Offers for building construction contracts. To respond to this EOI, all interested General/Building contractors are requested to submit by email a Letter in English expressing their interest for registration and evaluation. Interested General/Building contractors of Grade-5 and above will be required to submit a detailed Questionnaire form ¿lled for pre-quali¿cation review. The Questionnaires for construction contractor can be obtained by directly contacting Mr. Sebastian Muzuma on [email protected] and/or Mr. Yonas Mindaye on yonasmind@yahoo. com. All requests for EOI must be submitted with full Contractor’s name and contact addresses. The contractors will be assessed and quali¿ed for registration based on the completeness of submission of valid documents for the criteria required as listed below and in the Questionnaires: - Construction Experiences & References (include details of similar projects, value of completed work, etc) - Individual assessment (include ¿nancial statusreview) - Staff Quali¿cation and Experience (include resumes of ke\ personnel) - Organizational Structure - Resources - Standard Strateg\ and MetKodolog\ - Qualit\ Control Program - Safet\ Polic\ Statement Record - MemEersKip Af¿liation Well-established companies with excellent construction capacities and experience with reputable clients are encouraged to register as potential construction contractors. A limited number of contractors will be short-listed for evaluation. Contractors witK positive evaluations will Ee invited to participate in Construction Bid. Other contractors, depending upon the desk assessment, will also be retained for inclusion in appropriate and relative tenders. UNICEF fully reserves the right to accept or reject registration. Filled Questionnaires and supporting documents must be submitted in both hard copy and soft copy no later than 16tK -anuar\ 1 at p.m. Soft copy submission can be by e-mail copy as MS Word and P'F ¿les to Mr. Sebastian Muzuma on [email protected] and/or Mr. Yonas Mindaye on [email protected]. Hard copy submission of questionnaires and supporting documents can be submitted in any of the two locations provided below: (1) UNICEF, ICC Ware House, Debrezeit Road, Lancia. In front of Concord Hotel, next to Action Aid, approximately 300 meters from main road. You may call phone No +251 114660848 for directions. Or (2) UNECA Compound, NOF Building #20, UNICEF Ethiopia, Supply Section, 2nd Àoor, east wing. The UNECA security rules requires 36 hours ‘advance notice’ to be given by visitor, therefore please notify the Supply Section by email: [email protected] providing the full name of the person who will be submitting the EOI and proposed date of arrival. www.thereporterethiopia.com 10|| COMMENTARY By Tadesse Kassa Woldetsadik (PhD) The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Conveying a wrong signal on the limits of sovereign entitlements? Only last week, in an interview with the Al Ahram Online - Egypt’s celebrated media outlet recognized for its affinity to the state apparatus - President Abdel Fattah El Sisi dumbfounded those who follow the diplomatic and legal discourse on the Nile that he will request Ethiopia ‘to turn the … verbal assurances that the dam won’t affect Egypt’s Nile share into a document binding on both parties’. If by anything else, it would appear that President El Sisi’s audacious move to petition for a written guarantee of non-interference with Egypt’s ‘allocated waters’ under the 1929/1959 agreements may have been prompted by the specific melody of the diplomatic language which Ethiopia’s officials have themselves employed in the recent past in defense of noble intentions of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) itself. In the preceding two years, the mainstream media and official pronouncements have repeatedly endeavored to assuage downstream fears by employing a particular language that the GERD ‘means no injury’ to downstream interests and that it is intended solely for the ‘generation of electric powers’. Such overplayed diplomatic oratory with regard to the ‘dam’s operation not causing adverse effects’ would seem to have created an impression, both in Egypt and Sudan, that Ethiopia’s ‘right’ of use over the Nile is in fact restricted only to power-related benefits which it anticipates to derive from the GERD. Yet, Ethiopia’s declarations, however imperfect, could by no means be construed as conceding that its sovereign interest on the Nile is limited to hydropower production. Nor could they be viewed as an acknowledgement of Egypt’s ‘historical rights’ or ‘water shares’ allotted under the old legal arrangements. True, against the background of a lop-sided riverine developmental setting, no other state had grappled against the British, and later, Egyptian and Sudanese states for control of the Nile as robustly and consistently as Ethiopia – both in diplomatic and legal discourses. This is particularly evident in the country’s diplomatic offensives hurled during the imperial eras and demonstrated since the mid 1990’s through its ‘starring role’ in initiating and marshalling cooperative enterprises within the framework of the ‘Transitional Institutional Mechanism of the Nile Basin Initiative’ and the ‘Agreement on the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework’. In all instances, Ethiopia has endeavored to safeguard its rights of use of the Nile waters based on principles accepted under international watercourses law, and most notably, norms that highlight equity in the development of transboundary rivers. Such principle guarantees Ethiopia’s rights of utilization in various contexts and without distinction - whether it chooses to pursue irrigational schemes and hydropower developments or aspires to fulfill the domestic or industrial water requirements of its population. The project for construction of the GERD, the greatest engineering feat in Africa and one of the biggest hydropower infrastructures in the world, is conceived in such context and has been implemented since 2011. We recall that on 28 May 2013, i.e. on the second anniversary of launch of the dam construction by the late Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, Ethiopia started diverting the Blue Nile River’s course along a different route, an engineering procedure required to provide way for physical construction of the GERD on the bed of the river. However, in unpleasant turn of events, the immediate aftermath of this engineering accomplishment saw President Mohamed Morsi convening party leaders where he declared that ‘his country is ready to confront any threat that would endanger the Conveying a wrong... page 31 VIEWPOINT Human trafficking or human slavery By Neftalem Fikre Hailemeskel Right now as I am writing this article any person can buy an Ethiopian woman as property for as little as USD 2000 in Yemen. Once they purchase the women and her children, she will be a property and as such; she can be traded and exchanged; and if/when she dies, she will be cut opened and her kidney sold to the highest bidder. If she was purchased with her children, they will be raised, so they can work on the field and used; once of age, they will share their mother’s fate. Every day we hear about the “migrants” who returned from Saudi Arabia; ranging from, 100,000, 150,000, 250,000, 270,00 etc… and every day is the same story of how people were shocked they were so many “illegal” Ethiopian migrants in the Middle East. As they have returned, with so many stories of horror and injustices inflected upon them, everyone is running around to get rid of the blame off themselves; while shamelessly trying to be humble about the mistakes that took place. We hear statements of “we could have acted earlier but things are okay now” or “mistakes were made but we have learned from them”. These same comments are made by our government, opposition parties, civil society and the international community; yet few are held accountable. The issue at hand seems to be if this is simply an issue of labor migration gone wrong or if it is more sinister; the unresolved issue of human slavery in modern day Ethiopia contributing to human trafficking. The Government of Ethiopia On October 31, 2014; a lively radio program was held discussing the issue of returnees from Saudi Arabia. Government officials gave their account of the programs setup to support the returnees; ranging from reintegrating them back home with livelihood projects to awareness programs about the danger of illegal or/and irregular migrants. Callers spoke about the limitation of these programs and the need to do more about information on lifting the ban to the Middle East, reintegrating livelihood programs and illegal brokers. However, the magnitude of the problem was not dealt with sufficiently. Questions of how many persons returned, why they were so many deaths and what can be learned from establishing better services in the host countries in the Middle East by the Ethiopian government (such as safe houses) was not discussed suitably. Moreover, the progress in the bi-lateral agreements between Ethiopia and the host countries was not discussed: how www.thereporterethiopia.com many are in the committee, issues of the anti- human trafficking force were not discussed. Additionally areas of what should people do if they suspect human trafficking taking place in their neighborhood (such as anonymous phone calls), what is the rate of corruption within government and private businessmen dealing with illegal migration were not properly addressed. Why there has not been faster closures of illegal brokers and why there has not been successful in doing so was not elaborated. Issues of lack of funding to the police force were not addressed. Areas such as curbing illegal migration by looking at family pressure, push and pull factors, employment, women rights (in areas of employment rights, sexual harassment, equal pay, sexuality and early marriage) was not addressed. The laws in place now are reactionary in nature rather than preemptive. Blaming the victim has become a norm. Statements such as, “The burden of responsibility lies with the migrant, the migrant doesn’t understand the hardship that awaits them when they reach Middle East, they are greedy for more money for easy work, and they have unrealistic expectation when work Human traf¿cking... page 32 |11 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment ƯǩąňøĒňƑğƲ Re-announcement Call for Consultancy for the Preparation of Standard Operating Procedures/training materials Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) Ethiopia carries out a wide range of programs to support the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia in improving the health status of the country by ensuring access and quality of health services. CHAI Ethiopia has seven programs: The Ethiopian Hospital Management Initiative (EHMI), Maternal Newborn and Child Health (MNCH), Access to Medicine, Lab Services, Vaccines Introduction, Nutrition, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Global Health Financing. CHAI Ethiopia seeks consultant/consultancy ¿rm to undertake the task of developing two Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Manuals/training materials forPharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency(PFSA) on procurement process, custom clearance procedures, international payment modalities, negotiation and sourcing, supplier performance evaluation. The consultants are expected to work closely in consultation with CHAI Ethiopia MNH team and PFSA to achieve the desired outcome of this consultancy service. Consultants are highly encouraged and also requested to express their willingness to provide training after the materials preparation. Proposal Submission:Interested and eligible consultants or local consulting ¿rms are invited to apply. The consultant/consultancy can collect TOR to the address given below, is/are requested to provide the following information: 1. Educational and work background (for individuals) and pro¿le (for ¿rms/companies) 2. Views and approach for undertaking this assignment and the draft content of the SOPs 3. Relevance of candidate/¿rm’s work experience in delivering the required service 4. Proposal must be delivered to the address below at or before 2:00 PM, January 20, 2015. Late submission will be rejected 5. Bidders should submit Technical and Financial proposals 6. Bids must be delivered to the address below: Address: Clinton Health Access Initiative Bid Document for IFB # CHAI/MNH/06/2014 Meskel Flower Road Tel # 011 416 6993-98 Fax: 011 416 6988 and P.O. Box 3297, Code 1250, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia CDue to the nature of the bid, there will be no public opening for this bid. CHAI reserves the right to accept or reject part or all bids. The ¿nal date for proposal submission is January 20/2015 ƶƶķŊ ĺƻĊŤ Ğǡĸ ŅĦú űø ƛú ƯƻĊNjňŒŦŦ ƶûƤŤ ǦĢøǦĢú åøĒŅżŹê ĵǩąň űƑƹƻċ åøĒǡŤŊ ƴȈêǑê Ēåơã åõǬąŊ ƯúŊȈêǏ ƻĊNjŋŒ Źơã ĵňŒ ƯŅǡĝĎŊŦƯúňüæŶŦƻŊƑƹƶĆŶŦǑĺƢåŦ ŅǬĈœŒ ãǑƓ ŦǓƻ ȈĠƻŤ Ư ƛú ƯõŦǓĒŊ ǓĺĊ ƯŹȈæĵŊŦ øĒąljŤ ŀŊ ŅõƤǑķ õäŤōƖŦ øĢąĺƯ÷Œæ ŅǬĈœŒƯǩąňƖƼžõŦŊõĝéĵ÷ǎũƖƯƻĊNjņ ƔŤõĹŊŬȎĢĞǦĊĺĊĵõžȈêŹňòĐĒ ƛúĵĒĈčƛŊõƖčƻƴŒèæȝ åõǬąŊƯúŊȈêǏŅƑƹƹćƗŒȋƴŤŦĘêŶŤʼnžţżê ŷĊNjŤê ŶŤ ſȒ åƯĺŐƖ ĵøĕǓ ßæŦ ƶǓû ĵűŦƻ ȖĒň ĵøǡĠåê ĵčú ĵňĕǎ ŵŦĽëȕ ȖĒň õĩé ƔŤõĹŊĵŅƟǑdžƖƯǩąňĐǦŦŶĒŹǦĊ ƛúŹĝŢțčƛŊƻąĒøĒǎĸŊŊŒèèŒß ŅǬĈœŒ åǩąň øĒŹĵćƲ Ư÷äŦ Ư÷ǬąņĸōƖŦ čšƻ ŹǡĢèè ƔǑ åƻĊNjņ ĵĸŦž ƯŅąǑǎǡ őž &32ŶĒŹǦĊƛúŹĝŢțčƛŊƻąĒ ǎķøƻąǓƴŧĊĸōƔê ĵƻĊNjņ ƯĝąĵƖŦ čšƻ ŅǬĈœŒ Ƒƴú òǑƓ ƑŻëŐōƖ ĵŅǎŪĵŊ ǦĊ ƛú ŹǦƔņ ț čƛŊõĩéĵ÷ǎũƖƔŤõĹŊƴŹȈňê ƯǩąňƖ űĕŤȊ ƯǩąňƖ ƖǥŊ ŶŦƶǎåȁ ŹǡĢèè ƔǑ3HUIRUPDQFH%RQGøĒƲƤƴŧĊĵňê ƯǩąňƖűĕŤȊƯǩąňƖŦƖǥŊŶŦƶŅǎåȁĵĝŦ ƖĒǦƖêøčĊƴŧĊĵňê ƻĊNjņ ƶûƤŤ ǦĢøǦĢú ǦŤŊ ĒĈ ĵűøĊŬ ŶŤ ĵŶŦǓçƤŬĦŦĦøƟǑdžŊƯ÷ŒæõäŦƴŧĊĵňê ƻĊNjņ ǩąňƖŦ ĵöæú äš ĵŹȊê ƯõčąƤ õĺņ ƯŅǡĵĝšƖ BAMBIS NEWS 222 4 0 )'%&- 0 '+#%2// $+#%2// '+2// %"(%'13/"3// ""&13/"3// "13/"3// #%$# '&1// #%*#%&3// #"13/"3// '%+#"13/"3// )%$'013 "&#%#'#&3// 0 %- "#(" #(! #*,#+*0 )'%'$$& 0 ##&*', "(' ### ' ##&## ' "('##& %" ('$( & ## '"('##& 0 " '%*%%+ #( ## ## #*,#+*/+"*+-',)%'&-&,-2 0,#* )'%',+" )# .0//4( $$ -%""%#$ . "0 ' #$ 655;',!) %"-$$ -%#$ %('"-"#"%". "0 ''%$& %""$$ . "0 ''%$ 0',)*+'(*"'((#&!&+)222 & ')%+#'&056619976658359')99599:8 www.thereporterethiopia.com 12| OPINION The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 The state of global poverty By Kaushik Basu The economic geography of the world is changing. The eurozone faces the specter of another round of stagnation; Japan has slipped into recession; and the United States, despite relatively strong performance in the latter part of the year, has raised concerns worldwide with its exit from quantitative easing. Meanwhile, emerging economies have continued to perform well. India and Indonesia are growing at more than 5 percent per year; Malaysia at 6 percent; and China by more than 7 percent. The scale of the global change can be seen when purchasing power parity (PPP) – a measure of the total amount of goods and services that a dollar can buy in each country – is taken into account. According to the figures for 2011, released earlier this year, India is now the world’s third largest economy in terms of PPP-adjusted GDP, ahead of Germany and Japan. The data also revealed that China would overtake the US as the world’s largest economy in PPP terms sometime this year – a shift that, according to our estimates, occurred on October 10th. Despite this progress, a large proportion of people in developing countries remain desperately poor. Globally, the poverty line is defined as a daily income of USD 1.25, adjusted for PPP – a line that many criticize as shockingly low. But what is truly shocking is that nearly one billion people – including more than 80 percent of the populations Advertisment of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Liberia, and Burundi – live below it. One reason global poverty has been so intractable is that it remains largely out of sight for those who are not living it, safely somebody else’s problem. The fact that most participants in discussions about global poverty – the readers of this commentary included – know few, if any, people who live below the poverty line is an indication of the extent of the world’s economic segregation. If poverty were communicable, its incidence would be far lower by now. Fortunately, a chorus of voices, not just from civil-society groups, but also from international organizations, has given rise to a global movement to end poverty. There is now a growing consensus that global poverty is not just a problem of the poor. Though moral outrage is important, it is not enough when it comes to crafting policy. Policymakers need data and, equally important, the ability to analyze it. The first task is to distinguish between what is feasible and what is not. For example, some have proposed including the provision of employment for all adults in the Millennium Development Goals’ successor framework, which is to be unveiled in 2015. This is an impossible target. All economies of any reasonable size will have some unemployment. In fact, a limited amount of unemployment can help to promote development. To declare “employment” a right is to divest the word “right” of its meaning. Next, there must be recognition that economies are complex and interconnected. Consider, for example, a government policy in which subsidies, funded with newly printed money, are handed out to residents of 1,000 villages. This will not necessarily be a boon for the economy as a whole. Injecting money might improve the living standards in the villages receiving the funds, but doing so may well drive up the cost of food throughout the country, causing residents of nonsubsidized villages to fall into poverty. The macroeconomic impact of microinterventions is an important reason why poverty has persisted, despite wellmeaning interventions to combat it. Another reason poverty endures is persistent – and, in many places, widening – inequality. The current level of global inequality is unconscionable. In 2013, the World Bank, where I am Chief Economist, helped bring the term “shared prosperity” into everyday discourse by declaring, for the first time, that every society should make progress toward this goal its mission. To be sure, there will always be a certain amount of inequality in the world; in fact, as with unemployment, a The state... page 28 Call for Consultancy Service TENDER # PIE/con/01/15 RE-INVITATION FOR Bid PIE cons 1(Re-Advertised) To: ALL CONTRACTORS OF CATEGORY BC/GC-5 CLASS AND ABOVE WITH LICENSE VALID FOR THE YEAR Plan International Ethiopia Gambella Program Area has planned to construct A. One Block of four class rooms with 2 blocks of VIP latrine for War Primary School; B. One Block of four class rooms with 2 blocks of VIP latrine for Akula Primary School; Both are in Itang Special District, Gambella region and invites wax sealed bids from eligible bidders for providing the necessary labor, material and equipment cost for the construction of the above mentioned project. Interested eligible contractors shall provide written application with original and copies of the following legal documents:I License de¿ning the legal status with renewal for the physical year under consideration. II Registration with Ministry of ¿nance for Trade. III Evidence of settlement of current tax, registration for VAT and Tin certi¿cate. 1. A complete set of bid documents can be obtained free fee paying from PIE, CO of¿ce or Gambella Regional Program Area, within eleven working days during of¿ce hours following this announcement in the newspaper. . All bids must be accompanied by a bid security, in an acceptable (CPO or Bank Guarantee) form of 2% of the bid amount, and must be delivered to Plan International Ethiopia, Country Of¿ce or Gambella Program Area on or before the 12th working days on or before 5:00pm after it appears on the Newspaper. The number of copies of the Bid to be completed and returned shall be original and copy. The 3. post shall be clearly marked “ORIGINAL” and “COPIES.” In the event of discrepancy between them, the original shall prevail. 4. Final Date of bid submission Both in Gambella PA and Addis Ababa CO will be 20/1/15 (Tuesday ) . Bids will be opened in the presence of bidders’ or their representatives who choose to attain will be on, 22/1/2015 (Thursday) at Gambella Program Area of¿ce on 09:00a.m. 6. The construction of the works shall be completed within a maximum of 120 (One hundred twenty) calendar days for each from the commencement of the work. 7. Partial offer is not allowed 8. Bidder can bid on all lots but only win single lot if the bid is substantially responsive. 9. The Program Area reserves the right to accept or reject any or all bids. For further information please contact through the followings address PIE, Gambella Regional Program Area of¿ce Telephone or Cellphone: (+251 917 93 87 45) Or PIE, CO. Of¿ce Addis Ababa, tel.: 011-4670175-82 Tenders are invited from reliable, established and competent consulting ¿rm To provide components Based Child and UAMs ) technical support on Child protection especially on soft (IDTR, CPMiS, FTR, Case management, Community protection mechanisms and psychosocial support for SCs in the refugee context Provide technical support in Child protection soft components at Gambella refugee camp x Properly design company pro¿le for Technical Evaluation x Consultants must Bid only on their area of specialization x Consultants must provide technical and ¿nancial documents on a separate envelop x For different LOT different Envelop must be used otherwise the bidder is automatically rejected from the bid. x Plan international Ethiopia reserves the right to reject all or part of the bids. Case management, FTRDetails of the scope of the work can be obtained from Plan International Ethiopia, Country Of¿ce Conditions are stated in the TOR Tender will be on Àoated from January 12, 2015 to January 22,2015, 3:30pm only and will be opened on January 23,2014, 10:30 am ToR is available in hardcopy at the following address: Plan International Ethiopia, in front of Lancha to the right detour 100m from the main road For further information please contact;Tel: +251 114 670175-82;Addis Ababa, Ethiopia www.thereporterethiopia.com OPINION + |13 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Do economic sanctions work? With Western economic sanctions against Russia, Iran, and Cuba in the news, it is a good time to take stock of the debate on just how well such measures work. The short answer is that economic sanctions usually have only modest effects, even if they can be an essential means of demonstrating moral resolve. If economic sanctions are to play an increasingly important role in twenty-first-century statecraft, it might be worth reflecting on how they have worked in the past. By Kenneth Rogoff As Gary Hufbauer and Jeffrey Schott note in their classic book on the topic, the history of economic sanctions goes back at least to 432 BC, when the Greek statesman and general Pericles issued the so-called “Megarian decree” in response to the abduction of three Aspasian women. In modern times, the United States has employed economic sanctions in pursuit of diverse goals, from the Carter administration’s efforts in the 1970s to promote human rights, to attempts to impede nuclear proliferation in the 1980s. During the Cold War, the US also employed economic sanctions to destabilize unfriendly governments, especially in Latin America, though they do not appear to have played more than a minor role, even where regime change eventually occurred. Economic sanctions on Serbia in the early 1990s did not deter the invasion of Bosnia. Certainly, the US government’s symbolic punishment of chess legend Bobby Fischer (for playing a match in Belgrade that violated sanctions) provided no relief for the besieged city of Sarajevo. The old Soviet Union played the sanctions game as well – for example, against China, Albania, and Yugoslavia. It, too, did not have much success, except perhaps in the case of Finland, which ultimately bent its policies to gain relief from sanctions imposed in 1958. Most modern cases of sanctions pit a large country against a small country, though there are a few cases involving countries of equal size, such as the long quarrel, from the 1950s to the 1980s, between the United Kingdom and Spain over Gibraltar. As Hufbauer and Schott, among others, have illustrated, the effects of sanctions are often fairly disappointing – so much so that many scholars have concluded that such measures often are imposed so that governments can appear to domestic audiences to be “doing something.” Certainly, severe US sanctions on Cuba failed to bring the Castro regime to heel; indeed, President Barack Obama’s move to reestablish full diplomatic relations may have more effect. But sometimes sanctions do work. The strong international consensus to impose sanctions on South Africa in the 1980s eventually helped bring an end to apartheid. Likewise, sanctions have helped bring Iran to the bargaining table, though it is not clear how long its government will be willing to defer its nuclear ambitions. And the Russian economy today is in big trouble, though this might be described as a lucky punch, with the real damage being done by an epic collapse in global oil prices. Some in Russia, where the price collapse has hit government revenues hard, claim that the US and Saudi Arabia are conspiring to bring Russia to its knees. But that gives US strategists far too much credit. A more likely culprit for the steep price decline is a combination of the shale-energy revolution in the US and the sharp slowdown in Chinese growth. China’s slowdown has helped precipitate a broad-based fall in commodity prices that is having a devastating effect on countries like Argentina and Brazil, with which the US authorities presumably have little quarrel. One of the major reasons economic sanctions have fallen short in the past is that not all countries have complied. Indeed, significant differences of domestic opinion in the imposing country often undermine sanctions as well. Moreover, countries imposing sanctions Do economic... page 28 Advertisment åßåŅŬǐƣƯƑǤƯíĈNjøĒňƑğƲ ĺĊáŦųŦŅĊŤĚŤêĸŦžűøåčǡƖĺƻĊĵƔĒŊŤšŊƯƲƟƖŦŤŹơãĵňŒĸåƖčŦǡąƬèƴƯŅǡĝčƖŦõŧćƲĹŊĵűƔNjĞǦĊ ŶŦƶŅĘĘååĸŦſŒĵŅčǡƖĂêǤŦõčąŊĸæĵŊßťňĵǓêǾǩąňűƑƹƻċåõĕǦƴȈêǑêțțŅǬĈœŒåǩąňŹõĢąĸōƖĵȊŊƯ÷ŹŅæŊŦ ƶŦĻŒĵõǎŦƟĺøžĵĊƴŧĊĸōƔêțț ¾ŅǬĈœŒƯǩąňõšĘƔǑƖŦzűŦƻűĈŅŬĵĸŦžĵŅąǑǎǡőžƑƴúďȒŷĵĺĊáŦĸŦžűøĒúåǩąňøĒŹĵćƲĵøĒƲƤĵǩąňƖ õĐŅȍƴŒèæțț ¾ƯǩąňƖűĕŤȊűĕŤȊšņĵƶĺƶĸĹŹŅǎåǹåŊĝŦdžúċƲĕšȈĵŊŦǡĢèèƔǑĵűĒĈűúĒŊĝŤŊƖĒǦűǡĠëŹȍëŦĺąņŦõąŹĺűåĵŊțț ĵŶšơãĝŤŊƖĒǦűǡĠëżêŹȈåǩąňƖŅčĊƥƲĒƲƟƖǎŦƟĺåĸŦźǎķƴäŤêțțĵǩąňƖåŅĕšȉŊŅǬĈœŒƲĒƲƠŊďȒŷƴõåĒèōƔêțț ¾ŹĸŦźĺƻĊĵõǡƯĢŦĺąŋŎŦåõǓƢŊå÷ȈêǏŅǬĈœŒƯĸŦźŦƯĺƻĊȖçďŶŤõõćƲõõƟŬƗŒűüêŅƖďǎŪĸŦźŶĒŹSDUWLDO ILQDQFHƯ÷ƶĊĒƯŹȊêĺƻĊűǎêǓëŊƲõŐŐêțț ¾ƯõŧćƲĹņǩąňƯ÷żñƶƖŦĺąņĵ÷ǎŮĵŊĻňšƖțț ¾õƲƪčǫƗŒíĈLJĵ÷ŹŤƑŦĵŊĻňȝĝŦŤčƛŊõǎũŊƴŒèæțțĸƴǎŪǓŦíĈLJĵéæĵŊƴżñƹêțț ¾ƯǩąňűĕŤȊƖĵ÷ǎƢƖŦĺąŊèƴåõŦǓĒŊƯĒúøƢƑćƲžȍƲƗŒŦȝƯçƤžȍƲŶŤéëŒƯǓĺĊžȍƲƗŒŦƴŹȍèêțț ¾ƯǩąňƖűĕŤȊĵĝćƯçƤƟõŦƯ÷ŹȈåƖŦžȍƲåõžȈêŦĺąņĵ÷ǎŮĵŊƯŹŅøűĒŅƹƶĊƟŦƻĵõĢąĺƯžȍƲǓƺňõǓĸŊűåĵŊțț ¾ƯõŧćƲĹņŦĵĂĈčƛŊȕċǓĈúűďƥåõǔĺũŊƴŐèêțț ¾ĸŦźǩąňƖŦĵŹȊêúäšĵöæƯõčąƤõĺŊűåƖțț ƯŅĵƹćƖ Ēú ƯõƲƪčǮƖ Ēú ƹŦŵêňƳ ďø ƹŦŵêňƳ ďø õŧćƲ ƯĻňƖ ƯŦǓƻĹņƯ÷ǎŮĵŊ ĒȋŊĵżĉ űƻĈĘ ùŊĊ ĵčĵňŹŅøĝĵé 160 ƯŦĺąņ űǎêǓëŊ ƯĸåĹŊšŊ øąǑǎǬżĊň ĞǦĊ åõŧćƲ č116000 ƯǩąňõšĘ ƔǑ 6100 ǩąňƖ Ư÷żâƻĵŊ ĝŦ ƯǩąňčƛŊ ƯżŇŊ6ĝŦ 00ƛú ŹǡƔņț00ț 0 ¾åŅǩøćõąljĵĒêžĞǦċŒȞȞȝȞȞȞ țĵõƶƑêõǡƯĢƴŐèêțț www.thereporterethiopia.com 14| COMMENTARY + The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 The right choices for 2015 By Christine Lagarde The year 2015 has started and policymakers around the world are faced with three fundamental choices: to strive for economic growth or accept stagnation; to work to improve stability or risk succumbing to fragility; and to cooperate or go it alone. The stakes could not be higher; 2015 promises to be a make-or-break year for the global community. For starters, growth and jobs are needed to support prosperity and social cohesion in the wake of the Great Recession that began in 2008. Six years after the eruption of the financial crisis, the recovery remains weak and uneven. Global growth is projected at just 3.3 percent in 2014 and 3.8 percent in 2015. Some important economies are still fighting deflation. More than 200 million people are unemployed. The global economy risks getting stuck in a “new mediocre” – a prolonged period of slow growth and feeble job creation. To break free from stagnation, we need renewed policy momentum. If the measures agreed by the leaders assembled at the G-20 in November are implemented, they will lift world GDP by more than 2 percent by 2018 – the equivalent of adding USD 2 trillion in global income. Furthermore, by 2025, if the laudable – yet not overly ambitious – goal of closing the gender gap by 25 percent is achieved, 100 million women could have jobs that they didn’t have before. Global leaders have asked the International Monetary Fund to monitor the implementation of these growth strategies. We will do so, country by country, reform by reform. Besides structural reforms, building new momentum will require pulling all possible levers that can support global demand. Accommodative monetary policy will remain essential for as long as growth remains anemic – though we must pay careful attention to potential spillovers. Fiscal policy should be focused on promoting growth and creating jobs, while maintaining medium-term credibility. And labormarket policies should continue to emphasize training, affordable childcare, and workplace flexibility. As we ponder the second choice, between stability and fragility, we must consider how we can make our increasingly interconnected world a safer place. Financial integration has risen tenfold since World War II. National economies are so interconnected that shifts in market sentiment tend to cascade globally. It is therefore critical that we complete the agenda on financial-sector reform. To be sure, there has been progress, especially on banking regulation and on addressing too-big-to-fail financial institutions. But countries must now implement the reforms and improve the quality of supervision. We also need better rules for nonbanks, stricter monitoring of shadow banks, and improved safeguards and more transparency in the derivatives markets. Progress on closing data gaps in the financial sector is urgently needed as well, so that regulators can properly assess risks to financial stability. Most important, the culture of the financial sector needs to change. The principal purpose of finance is to provide services to the other parts of the economy, which it cannot do unless it enjoys the confidence of those who depend on those services – that is, all of us. Restoring trust should therefore start with an all-out effort to promote and enforce ethical behavior throughout the industry. The third choice, whether to cooperate or go it alone, is the most critical. No economy is an island; indeed, the global economy is more integrated than ever before. Consider this: Fifty years ago, emerging markets and developing economies accounted for about a quarter of world GDP. Today, they generate half of global income, a share that will continue to rise. But sovereign states are no longer the only actors on the scene. A global network of new stakeholders has emerged, including NGOs and citizen activists – often empowered by social The right... page 28 VIEWPOINT + Alliances for peace I grew up in the shadow of World War II, and at the dawn of the Cold War. By John F. Kerry My father’s work as a Foreign Service officer gave me an opportunity to see history up close in a searing way: I will never forget walking the beaches of Normandy with him and seeing the burned hulks of Higgins’ boats still on those shores, just a few years after so many young men went to their graves so the world could be free. Likewise, I will never forget the eerie feeling of riding my bike through the Brandenburg Gate from West Berlin into the East, and seeing the contrast between people who were free and those who were trapped behind the Iron Curtain. What strikes me now, all these years later, is that a generation of leaders won not only a war, but also the peace. They did it together. The United States and our partners worked to create alliances that brought prosperity and stability to Western Europe, Japan, and South Korea. Old enemies became new allies, and together pioneered a new global economic system that made the world more prosperous. And even as the Cold War raged, leaders found ways to cooperate on arms control and prevent a nuclear Armageddon. In short, by building effective and indispensable international institutions and strategic partnerships, we did not just avoid another catastrophic world war; we ultimately ended the Cold War and lifted global living standards for hundreds of millions of people. That is the remarkable story of the twentieth century. The question now is what story will emerge from the twentyfirst century. Today, the world order faces new challenges. Russian aggression is rattling allies. Extremists who hijack religion threaten governments and people everywhere. Technology is accelerating a shift in the balance of power between governments and governed that offers both opportunities for democratic accountability and obstacles to inclusive politics. We have gone from a world where power resided in hierarchies to one where it inhabits networks. Statecraft has yet to adapt. The international institutions and partnerships that emerged in the postwar years demand both maintenance and modernization. In the face of all of this turbulence, some suggest that America should turn inward. That is nothing new. Some argued the same after WWII. They argued it again 25 years ago, after the fall of the Berlin Wall. They were wrong then – and they are wrong now. www.thereporterethiopia.com The need for leadership has never been greater, and the US has never been more engaged with the world. Our role in Afghanistan’s first-ever peaceful, democratic transition reminds us all that, having invested so much blood and treasure in helping to give Afghans a chance to succeed in battle, the world has just as much responsibility to help its leaders succeed in governance. We know that the destruction of 100 percent of Syria’s declared chemical weapons would not have happened without direct, hands-on diplomacy and perseverance, just as Syria’s immoral and horrifying civil war will not end without an equal commitment. So, too, in Asia, where President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping announced ambitious commitments to tackle climate change, we are reminded of what countries can accomplish together with real leadership – and of how much additional leadership is required to conclude a successful climate agreement in Paris next year. The world has changed, and we are changing with it. Lines on the map no longer contain the gravest threats, and the players are no longer divided neatly into two camps. Alliances... page 28 |15 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com 16| LIVING & THE ARTS The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 The Monument Of An Anonymous Passerby, Wroclaw, Poland Mustangs By Robert Glen, Las Colinas, Texas, US Ð These days Addis Ababa is growingly emerging in the limelight on the global stage. Reports published by various reputed international institutions describe the metropolis as one of the cities of the world which should be visited and acknowledge that it is gaining prominence from among the emerging cities of the world. A.T. Kearney’s Global Cities Index (GCI) ranked Addis Ababa third among cities located in middle - and high-income countries to become even more global. There is rapid pace of the construction of commercial and residential buildings, roads, light railways and other infrastructures. However, due attention is not being given to soft components like public art, writes Tibebeselassie Tigabu. In search of public art Meskel Square of Addis Ababa is one of the places that public performances are held from time to time The epic Indian film – Mother India – is famous among Ethiopians as it was able to transcend time. The story of a strong, despaired character, Radha (Nagris), a single mother who strives to raise her son against all the odds is one story many Ethiopians can relate to. In the 1960’s those who watched it in drive-in-theaters around Amche area reminisce about the film and the ambiance deeply. Cinema culture commenced with outdoor movie screens, refreshments stands here and there and drive-in-theaters. This popular hangout place is still vivid in the memory of the then student and renowned playwright Ayalneh Mulatu. This vibrant outdoor entertainment attracted the urban elites and socialites. Ayalneh reminisces about how the urban dwellers sat in their cars to watch the films. It was also a preferred dating place for couples. This vibrant public entertainment faded away through time leaving behind memories. Moving forward to 2015, the streets if Addis Ababa do not have music concerts, art performances and graffiti art like other cities in the world. The plays, poetry and painting exhibitions are only confined to indoor display. Public art, which is vibrant in many countries, is a rare phenomena and an alien concepts to Addis Ababa’s public spaces. The only entertainment that is visible are the bazaars during holidays by Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs). idea of twisting the art and making it a propaganda tool, many agree it also gave rise to the interaction of public space and art. However, this culture is not a new to Ethiopians. In rural Ethiopia, most of the rituals and holidays are public and are conducted outdoors. Traveling overseas and attending small cornered mime shows, melodic guitar playing or artists instantly pulling out their instruments and performing is what Ayaleneh misses from Addis. When it comes to the urban culture of using public space, many say it is being used for commercial purposes and also for different festivals, but using the public space for art is still strange for many. During Emperor Haileselassie’s period personalities such as Ayalneh Mulatu remember how plays used to be advertised by marching bands on the streets. According to him, this is an example of taking art into the public domain. Similarly, public art was vibrant during the Derg regime. Using art for propaganda being the main theme, the kinet concerts were staged to pass the “socialist” message to the wider community. Those kinet bands were stretched to the kebele level and they had venues for theater showings. Meskel Square was also the main venue during that time. Though some despised the totalitarian www.thereporterethiopia.com One of the traditional ways of using public space for art is building monuments and sculptures. In Addis Ababa, according to the different historical accounts, the building of monuments started during Empress Zewditu’s regime. According to historians, the building of sculptures in Ethiopia, which depict official historical icons had political motives. Though many monuments were built during different periods, the building of monuments have stagnated nowadays Rather, most of the squares, which were left demarcated for building of monuments, are being developed by private developers. Looking at Addis and roaming around the different neighborhoods of the city, it is easy to see how many companies have taken over the squares of Addis for advertising purposes. DH Geda in Kolfe Keranio Sub City, LG around Sar Bet, Pepsi on the road to Bole Bulbula, Edna LIVING & THE ARTS|17 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Ð Break Through From Your Mold By Zenos Frudakis, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US Mall on the road to Bole Medhanialem, Kadisco on the road to Saris, and Midroc around Sar Bet are some of the companies who seem to “own” the squares while putting their logos and posters. name of “development”. He says that squares are not used for art or by the public and that is why the intervention of art is necessary. The squares are still given to companies and are not artistically conscious. These companies are given the places temporarily even though the duration is not known. The squares have not been given official names by the city administration so they they are refered in different publications by the names of the companies that have placed their advertisements. “There is no country as such where squares are given to private companies,” Bekele says. The current trend of leasing the squares to developers is what leads many to argue that public places can be owned by corporations. Many artists do not agree with this trend and say those places should have been left to historical figures. Opposing this trend, a controversial performance was presented by Mulugeta Gebrekidan entitled “invading Samsung” in 2013. Around Teklehaimanot area a clock tower erected by Samsung is standing in the historical square which history remembers as the place where Mengistu Neway, who was behind the 1960’s failed coup d’état, was executed. In Ethiopia there is no clear definition or directives regarding what public spaces are. Bekele also raises the question as to what public spaces are. In that regard, some artists ask for the redefinition of public spaces so artists can also present their work freely. In many countries, the interaction with public space is changing in scope Though many criticize the government for not providing accessible public spaces there are also many who criticize the artists for not bringing out their art. On the other hand, artists say that the bureaucratic red tape is a major obstacle. “It is a country where everything is restricted. No is a common response in many places and the public space we think of are in our heads,” founder and director of Netsa Art Village, Mihret Kebede, says. She says that she faced challenges when organizing the Wax and Gold International Workshop which focused on artistic freedom and censorship, in 2013. The first challenge was approaching the officials, especially since they were alien to the concept of performance art. They approached the sub-city officials but they found out that the outdoor (public space) is outsourced to the SMEs and they were told to get approval from them. The hustle, according to Mihret, was to make them understand the concept of public performance art, so they were forced to say they were doing exhibitions, and circus Attired in a patriot’s outfit, performances but luckily holding a spear, shield and they got the approval. sprayed in gold, many could The tour went on in not hide their amusement different neighborhoods when they saw him traveling and was very vibrant. in his Volkswagen. He stood Some of the performances outside the square like a included Mulugeta statue, spreading the message Gebrekidan’s golden statue of how the patriots are being People Of The River By Chong Fah Cheong, Singapore which created commotion pushed away from these kinds of among the dwellers. Another piece spots. It is not only Mulugeta but was by Darios Hailemichael, who many other artists despise the idea made seats from plastic water bottles of giving out these public squares to which were beautiful but could not be corporations. This raises a question of used for sitting. He was referring to the who do these public spaces belong to chairs in parliament which he said are and application. These art and how does one define public space. not functional. forms are ever changing and are used In other countries, public space is as cultural interventions to engage the The public space performances also defined as social space that is open community. earned the curiosity of parliament people. With the definition, roads, security. They were suspicious of the New forms of art are getting alternative pavements, squares, parks, beaches, activities and asked what was going on. meanings such as participatory and public buildings and public libraries The artists had letters and they were activist art, community-based art, fall into this category. For Bekele fine with it. contextual art and relational art. These Mekonen, an assistant professor and are new genres and the concept social instructor at Alle school of Fine Arts Another public art performance was intervention. and Design, Addis Ababa University, in by Kenyan artist and activist Boniface the Ethiopian urban context, the main Mwangi who was beating a drum to say Artists started getting involved in the public space are medas (fields). a farewell to the former Prime Minister new venture of actively participating in Meles Zenawi. the new genre of public art or what is According to Bekele, in every corner of termed as social activism. the city, there are medas (fields) such Mwangi was awestricken after seeing as the former Siga meda now Tatek, pictures of Meles Zenawi everywhere. The public art is not popular in Addis Jan meda, Kuas meda and Shiro meda. Ababa among the art community for These are places where communities He placed a drum around Arat Kilo different reasons, which has alienated use to transact commercial activities with a picture of Meles covering the the art from the bigger audience. or places used for sports activities or drum. He urged Ethiopians to come Usually it is criticized for being religious celebrations apart from other and beat the drum, to say good-bye and “elitist” and involving a few people. activities. For Bekle, with the changing move on. The publicly accessible buildings are face of Addis, the structure of the public criticized for being dull. The daily Some of the artists were able to relate to space is also changing fast. routine is becoming the dull routine the people is a simple way. One artist so artists such as Mulugeta say the Bekele says that these fields are is Tesfaye Bekele who depicted the intervention is needed among the art narrowing down and are considered community. to be pocket spaces. Most of them are In search... page 33 replaced by high-rise buildings in the www.thereporterethiopia.com Ayalneh Mulatu This popular hangout place is still vivid in the memory of the then student and renowned playwright Ayalneh Mulatu. This vibrant outdoor entertainment attracted the urban elites and socialites. Ayalneh reminisces about how the urban dwellers sat in their cars to watch the Àlms. It was also a preferred dating place for couples. This vibrant public entertainment faded away through time leaving behind memories. 18| PROFILE The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 A Chef’s Three-Country Odyssey to Stardom Marcus Samuelsson was born in Ethiopia, grew up in Sweden and now lives in a Àvebedroom brownstone in 1ew <ork’s Harlem. Celebrity chef Marcus Samuelsson, , owns four 1ew <ork restaurants, with a Àfth³Streetbird Rotisserie³opening in the spring. He is author of “Marcus 2ff Duty: The Recipes I Cook at Home”, which features 0 dishes inspired by his travels and background. He spoke with Marc Myers of The Wall Street Journal. Chef Marcus Samuelsson shares an omelet with his wife, Maya Haile, at their home in Harlem. I was born in Ethiopia but grew up in Sweden, which wasn’t as big a culture shock as you’d imagine. I was 3 when my older sister and I were adopted by a couple from Göteborg who taught me to fish, cook and prioritize my life— lessons that remain with me today. I don’t recall much from my earliest years in Meki, Ethiopia. I was too young. My mother had died from tuberculosis during an epidemic and my father was a priest and couldn’t take care of us. The hospital where my mother had died was affiliated with Sweden, which is how my sister and I came to be adopted by Ann Marie and Lennart Samuelsson. Göteborg is a major city on the southwestern coast of Sweden, but we lived in a residential area with many two-story homes. My father was a geologist and my mother was a homemaker. When they brought my sister and me home, they already had another daughter who was 8 and also adopted, but we all got along perfectly from the start. Our house had four bedrooms and sat on about half an acre. The kitchen was the center of the house, and we all ate dinner together most nights, with extended family and friends often joining us. My parents had a Bang & Olufsen turntable, and records by Bob Marley, David Bowie and ABBA were always on. It was a happy house. In Sweden, many people maintain gardens for food, and we grew carrots, onions and other produce, as well as apples and plums. There was always a season for something that could be picked and added to the dinner table. This made us self-sufficient, an important concept in Sweden. We were never far from the woods or the ocean, and I remember waiting with anticipation for sweet strawberries to grow in the spring or mushroomhunting season in the fall. As an Ethiopian, I didn’t have a hard time growing up in Göteborg. My parents saw to that. My sister and I knew we looked different, but we A Chef’s Three... page 34 ENTERTAINMENT IN BRIEF “Crossroad” painting Exhibition at Lela Gallery A painting exhibition entitled “crossroad” by Tesfaye Bekele will open today at Lela Galley. The exhibition features Tesfaye’s critical view of the city’s [Addis Ababa] fast changing social and cultural landscape. Tesfaye’s interest in art started at the early age. As a young child, he began to use art as a way of documenting the images in his community. He further pursued his interest in art and graduated from the Addis Ababa University Alle School of Fine Arts and Design. Taste of Addis food Festival The eighth edition of the Taste of Addis food festival will be held on January 31 and February 1 at the Tropical Garden. More than 40 restaurants and special cuisines from 10 different countries will be featured in the festival. In this festival, from the Jamaican curry goat, to various types of fast foods and Ethiopian Kurt (raw meat), a variety of dishes will be presented for foodies. Currently, Tesfaye teaches there. In the past, he has showcased his works in different solo and group exhibitions. He was also awarded the Fana Wogi prize in 2011 at the Goethe Institute for the originality of his work. Organized by Blue Media PLC in collaboration with Hakim Stout, Taste of Addis is mainly a food festival for restaurants and hotels in Addis Ababa to display their special food and showcase their culinary arts. This is not only for established restaurants, but also for homemade dishes, caterers and also restaurants which are just opening and in the process of renovation. The exhibition will stay open to the public until January 25. For the dishes there is a fixed price of 50 birr. This festival will be highlighted by music performances and food competitions. Apart from grown up events, an area is secluded for children where a special play ground is set up away from the smoke and the alcohol. The entrance fee is 40 birr with one beer coupon included. www.thereporterethiopia.com SOCIETY |19 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Northwestern brings women’s health expertise to Ethiopia By Bonnie Miller Rubin Dr Gelila Goba has not forgotten where she came from. Instead of joining a comfortable practice in the US after completing her residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Northwestern University, Dr Gelila instead will be caring for patients in her native Ethiopia, where in many communities light and heat qualify as luxuries. After she graduates in May, Dr Gelila plans to move back to Ethiopia to implement a new initiative that she hopes will improve the state of women’s health in the desperately poor country of 90 million. “A lot has been given to me,” Dr Gelila said, during a break at Prentice Women’s Hospital. “I must make sure that I use those gifts wisely.” The program is a partnership between Northwestern and Mekelle universities. It provides medical education, clinical training and research in sub-Saharan Africa, where acute doctor shortages and women’s health continue to be vexing problems. In Ethiopia, the maternal mortality rate is twice the global average, and the rate of death from cervical cancer is almost seven times higher than in the US, according to the World Health Organization. The entire country has about 220 OB-GYNs nationwide — roughly the same number as Northwestern Memorial Hospital alone, according to university officials. Residency programs are rare in Ethiopia. After students earn medical degrees, they often become general practitioners and work in district hospitals, experts said. OB-GYN subspecialties such as oncology, high risk Dr Gelila Goba is a resident at Northwestern University and is the impetus for a group of physicians setting up an ob/gyn residency program at an Ethiopian hospital obstetrics and fertility are virtually nonexistent. Some doctors seek training abroad, but it has not been standardized. The Mela Project aims to raise the bar and formalize residency training. “This is not medical tourism, but about something that is truly sustainable, about training the trainers,” Dr. Magdy Milad, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Feinberg School of Medicine, said. “With Gelila as the steward of this program, it will not fail.” The program, called the Mela Project, gained traction when Ethiopia’s foreign minister, Tedros Adhanom (PhD), visited Northwestern in 2012 to rally global resources for women’s health. Dr Gelila credited Tedros with setting up programs to train health workers who provide care in nearly every community across Ethiopia — especially for women and children, the most vulnerable and underserved. Northwestern embraced the idea and moved forward with the collaboration with Mekelle University, under the direction of Dr Gelila. Dr. Keith Martin, executive director of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health in Washington, praised such partnerships. “Building and retaining human resources across a broad range of medical and nonmedical skills is vital to saving lives and reducing disabilities in developing countries,” Martin said. “Universities like NU are an excellent and underutilized way to build access to the public health, primary and surgical care systems needed to do this.” As noble as the cause may be, Dr Gelila not only will be making professional Northwestern... page 34 The weekly Wednesday comedy night @ Mama’s kitchen African Mosaique fashion, cultural gala to be held at Sheraton Mama’s Kitchen Bar and Restaurant has become one of the handful of joints in town to feature a weekly comedy night, where this week’s show which was on the Ethiopian Christmas, January 7, brought together celebrity singers and comedians. The Annual African Mosaique fashion and cultural benefit gala is scheduled to be held on January 15 at the Sheraton Addis. On this occasion, apart from the comedians, the renowned Tsedenia Gebremarkos performed live accompanied by the Five Play Band. The comedy night started two months ago as a weekly event. So far, city’s famous stand-up comedians with different style of performance present their work every week. Known for his impersonation of renowned personalities such as Nelson Mandela and local celebrities like Haile Gebresilassie, Abiy Melaku a.k.a. Jammy was one of the stand-up comedians who were highlighted on the comedy night. Another impersonator, Alemayehu Getachew a.k.a. Alex is among the regulars at Mama’s comedy night. Apart from that, the famous Bereket Bekele a.k.a. Filfilu and his sharp sense of humor is also part of the weekly comedy’s night. The comedians are household names and seems to be the new happenings in town cracking jokes about the societal values and taboos. Putting the spectators in constant laughter their jokes among other things revolve around issues of poverty, the nation and nationalities. Seven international and local designers will showcase their works including the renowned Nigerian designer Lola Fatouroti. The gala will also feature Ethiopian designers such as the top three finalist of the first designer competition held in collaboration with Bahir Dar University Institute of Technology for Textile, Garment and Fashion Design (IOTEX). One of the household names in the fashion industry, Anna Getaneh, is also expected to showcase her African Mosaique collection. International African models Sophie Ducasse Tiga (Central African Republic/ France) and Huguette Marara (Rwanda) are expected to grace the stage along with 25 other Ethiopian models. African Mosaique is a platform that promotes and celebrates African fashion and design. For the past 15 years the proceedings from the event benefited Ethiopian Children’s Fund (ECF), an integrated development project for children and adolescents in Aletu, 55 km north of Addis Ababa. www.thereporterethiopia.com 20| INTERVIEW The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Zemelak Ayitenew Ayele (PhD) is a constitutional lawyer specializing on local governments in Ethiopia. Zemelak did his Àrst degree in Law (LLB) in Addis Ababa University. He has served as an instructor at the Law School of Jimma University before leaving for further studies in South Africa. He earned his second and third degrees in the Western Cape University at the Community Law Center, South Africa. He is currently a post-doctoral research fellow at the same University. Zemelak published various articles on internationally recognized journals dealing with the legal frameworks governing local governments or the lowest tiers of government in Ethiopia (kebeles, woredas, special woredas, zones, and the like) and their performance. He recently published a book entitled “Local Government in Ethiopia: Advancing Development and Accommodating Ethnic Minorities”. Zemelak has recently started to give courses for PhD students at the Center for Federal Studies of the Addis Ababa University. He was also one of the participants in a conference organized by the Center that evaluated how federalism performed in the last 20 years since the FDRE Constitution came into force . Solomon Goshu of The Reporter sat down with Zemelak to discuss his book and issues pertinent to local governments in Ethiopia. Excerpts: “The last five local elections took place basically without the participation of the opposition” Zemelak Ayitenew Ayele (PhD) The Reporter: What is the place of local governments in federal systems generally? Zemelak Ayitenew (PhD): Constitutional recognition of local government in a federal system is the ultimate goal, as one writer said. Many federal systems, specially the old ones, like the US and Australia, do not recognize local governments as a sphere or level of government. Recognizing local government as a level of government is a recent development. New federal or quasi-federal states like Nigeria and South Africa recognized local governments in their constitutions. You have mentioned two types of local governments in Ethiopia in your book, namely ethnic local government and regular local government. What makes you classify local governments this way and what is its impact? The Ethiopian Constitution does not expressly recognize local government as a level of government. However, it is not totally silent on the issue. It implies the establishment of local government in two Articles. On its Article 39 which recognizes the right to self government of ethnic communities and the other is Article 50 (4) which requires the state to establish sub-regional level of government. My argument is that the Constitution implicitly requires the establishment of two types of local government. One is what I call ethnic local government or in another work I did with my colleague Yonathan Fiseha (PhD) we called it Article 39 local government. Article 39 implicitly requires the establishment of that kind of local government. The purpose of this kind of local government is to manage intra-regional ethnic diversity which cannot be addressed through the establishment of regional states. The other type of local government which is implied under Article 50 (4) is a kind of local government which is meant to allow the public to participate. While what I call ethnic local government is supposed to be established only in those multi-ethnic regions and in those particular areas where intra-regional ethnic minorities are found, what I call regular local government is supposed to be established throughout the country. Because in the case of regular local government, the purpose is enhancing www.thereporterethiopia.com democratic participation and providing service delivery. So, it doesn’t matter to which ethnic group you may belong to as long as you need service delivery. What is the role of the federal and regional governments towards the powers and functions of the local government? Local government is basically left to be the competence of the regional states. The Constitution does not envisage the federal government to have a direct say on the establishment of local government. That is why under Article 50 (4) the Constitution requires the states to establish local government. In many federal countries including the USA, Canada, Switzerland and Australia, establishing local government is left to be the competence of regional states. However, in the older federal systems, the constitution is totally silent on local government. So, it is up to the discretion of the states or the sub-national units to determine the tiers, numbers, and nature of the local government system that they want to establish. In the Ethiopian case, around the time when the Constitution was being drafted there was a debate as to what to include regarding local government in the Constitution. Some people argue that local government should be expressly recognized in the Constitution. Others say if we recognize local government expressly, the federal government will get a leeway to interfere in regional governments’ affairs. So, they contend that it should be left to the regional states. The compromise was to leave it to the regional states but to make sure that they just don’t establish mere administrative system with no democratic elements. Rather they suggest putting implicitly that regional states are required to establish democratically constituted level of government. That is how the FDRE Constitution tries to balance the role of regional states and the federal government on local government. You also narrate how local government assumed different roles and responsibilities at different phases. What are the factors that led to improve the status of local governments in Ethiopia? Different political forces triggered the empowerment of local government INTERVIEW |21 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 in Ethiopia. Since EPRDF assumed power, at different stage, different political factors have influenced its decision regarding sub-regional government. There are at least two discernible phases in empowering local government. The first is between 1991 and 2000. During this time, the most important political issue in the country was management of ethnic diversity with a view to ensuring peace and security in the country. So, the whole government structure including the federal structure itself and the whole political discussion with regard to how government should be structured revolved around the ethnic issue. The regional governments were established in such a way that ethnic communities can be accommodated and those which cannot be accommodated through the establishment of regional states again were accommodated through sub-regional territorial and political units. In this period, local government featured as institutional mechanism of managing ethnic diversity not as a level of government. executive. When the division occurred in the ruling party some of the regional presidents dissented and stood against the former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi like former presidents of Tigray and SNNPR, namely Gebru Asrat and Abate Kisho. So, the argument is having seen how powerful they were constitutionally speaking and how they can threaten the federal government’s authority, there was a decision to disempower the regional executives. The principle of separation of power was introduced at regional levels in of local government was a calculated measure to disempower the regional executive. You argue that even if it is possible to infer from the FDRE Constitution that local governments are not instruments of the federal or regional government, there are concerns in the practice as there is a tendency to consider them as apparatuses to enforce the wishes of the upper level of government. Can you elaborate on it? “ The regional states while more or less recognized the ethnic local governments which include nationality zones and special woredas, they basically created the regular local government as an administrative system not as a level of government. If you see the regional constitutions woredas and cities were not as such local governments. The regional states while more or less recognized the ethnic local governments which include nationality zones and special woredas, they basically created the regular local government as an administrative system not as a level of government. If you see the 1994 regional constitutions woredas and cities were not as such local governments. They were local administrative agents. Starting from 2000 there is a shift in the policy of EPRDF. The ethnic issue became less and less important. Officially, achieving development became the most important factor and political issue. There seems to be a decision to discourage the establishment of ethnic local government and rather to empower the regular local government. And it is around that time, between 2000 and 2002, that the regional states supposedly amended their constitutions with the purpose of empowering woredas especially. It was also around the same time that the poverty reduction policy and the district level decentralization program of the federal government was issued. There was a move from ethnic obsession. Around this time ethnicity became less important whereas development and service delivery became the most important issues. Ethnic local governments were becoming some kind of hindrance and had some kind of inefficiency in terms of service delivery. So, the establishment of new ethnic local government was discouraged. Even there were attempts to amalgamate some ethnic local governments especially in the SNNPR. This is regarding the official rationale for the empowerment of local government. There is less discussed and unofficial reason for the empowerment of local government. That is the Ethio-Eritrea war and the division in the EPRDF specifically in the TPLF. Some people argue that the decentralization program was actually influenced by the division in the political sphere within the ruling party. In the 1994 constitutions of the regional states, the regional executive especially the president was very powerful. He was the speaker of the regional council. Local administrative agencies were directly accountable to him. He was also the head of the Ð the amended constitutions. So, the regional presidents is no longer both head of the executive and the speaker of the regional council. The other newly introduced system is the establishment of a local level of government as opposed to a local administrative agent which is not accountable directly to the regional government, rather accountable to the people who elected or constituted it. So, the argument is that the empowerment Even in constitutional terms, local government is not explicitly recognized as a level of government. It is implied in the Constitution that this level of government should be autonomous and democratically constituted. If you just read Article 50 (4) of the Constitution and don’t connect it with other provisions and the drafting history of “The last ¿ve local... page 26 www.thereporterethiopia.com 22| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com |23 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com 24| #REPORTERBOOK The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 9957 #JeSuisCharlie Beggars refuse to accept new Zimbabwe bond coin #beggarschoosers The beggars’ universal cry is “spare any change”, but in Zimbabwe they can be choosers on the issue. At a traffic light in the capital Harare, a Reuters correspondent gave an insistent beggar a handful of bond coins, which provoked a burst of laughter and a “no thanks” before he scrambled to the next car. Shouting matches erupt on the streets when the touts who ride with taxi drivers and dispense change to passengers try to pass off the bond coins to them. “We have people who just refuse the coins because they say th they will not be able to use them. They prefer the rand coins (of South Africa), Africa),” Lyn Kahari, a shop assistant at a grocer in a Harare suburb, said. Reserve Bank Governor Mangu Mangudya told the state-owned Herald newspa newspaper last week that only USD 2.5 millio million worth of coins were in circulation ou out of the USD 10 million that had been bee imported. He said the low up uptake of the coins was a result of co commercial banks not making larg larger orders from the central bank bank. The scepticism is rooted in the memories Z Zimbabweans have of hyperinflation, hyperin which reached 500 bill billion percent with prices changing more than twice a day before the government abandoned a curr currency that had been rendered worthless. wort Smart bed tells parents when kids are awake #brainybed A new super smart bed can tell parents when their children aren’t getting enough quality sleep. And for mums and dads plagued by the patter of tiny feet in the dead of night, the brainy bed can also end arguments about whether junior strayed away from the mattress. The SleepIQ bed by Sleep Number in Minneapolis provides adults with sleep data via a smart app. And it can even be adjusted remotely to make it more comfortable if the child is struggling for sleep. The bed made its debut at the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. And manufacturers claim it is the only bed in the world that adjusts with children as they grow up. Sleep is measured by built-in sensors that monitor breathing rate, heart rate and movement. And the bed sends an alert to the app when a child leaves the bed or is restless. Its firmness can be adjusted to change the level of comfort and support to suit children as they grow. A tilt feature for reading is included and parents can remotely turn a light off using the app. An automatic light also guides children if they need to get up at night. The bed is available online and in the US from around USD 1,000. www.thereporterethiopia.com |255 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 ÀUHGDIWHU )OLJKWDWWHQGDQWV drawing on discovering odd Á\Á\E\H SODQHUHIXVLQJWR plaint against ants filed a com 13 flight attend fairly fired un re we On Wednesday, y the d Airlines, saying airplane and America’s Unite on the tail of an ge ssa me ge an after finding a str refusing to fly. ncisco ng from San Fra ding to Hong Ko in an oil slick: The crew was hea drawing traced odd an d ere e they found when they discov es, including on Bye” with two fac incident e Th s. ort The words “Bye rep es Los Angeles Tim y were on to be sinister, the the crew said the ly 14, 2014, and ght 370 and a Fli sia lay took place on Ju Ma of ce the disappearan bs. high alert after bom e on ut laptop and ph TSA warning abo t d they would no they told Unite say ts an end got off the s ger The flight att sen pas flying unless the that were feel comfortable losives, requests s searched for exp s were ng wi dra plane and it wa the d sai d spokeswoman m to not be denied. A Unite and all found the three divisions, on grounds of ts an investigated by end att ht line fired the flig iven the gravity a threat. The air n they deny. “G n, an accusatio to United’s bow to insubordinatio g llin wi t ed, we were no even though eat thr ty of the risk involv uri sec ed ore an unresolv our jobs,” flight ing los pressure to ign ked ris de clear that we the company ma Lam said. attendant Grace Nike’s self-lacing trainers ‘coming soon’ #self-lacing When Marty McFly slipped into his self-lacing trainers in the 1989s Back to the Future II, the year was 2015 and hoverboards and flying cars were the norm. While we’re still waiting on the levitating transport, avid fans may be able to get their hands on and feet into Nike’s iconic trainers by the end of the year. The company first announced it was working on a consumer version of the shoes early last year, and was granted a patent for the power lacing system last July. The patent outlines how a weight sensor, coupled with a user control device could be used to trigger the strap www.thereporterethiopia.com moving mechanism, making the shoes appear to tie themselves once your foot is inside. 1,500 Nike MAGs went on sale via eBay in 2011 and raised almost USD 6 million for the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, although they could not tie themselves. It took the team six years to create the Nike MAG as a perfect replica of the shoes as worn in the film, featuring a 3,000 hour rechargeable battery, lights and electroluminescent out-sole. Everyday technologies for 2015 via Back to the Future II predicted included virtual reality headsets and video calling, both of which are now realities. 26| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 “The last five local... that particular provision, you may come up with the conclusion that actually what the Constitution envisages is the establishment of a mere administration system not local government. So, even in constitutional terms, local government is not in a very strong position. My argument is that it is why the regional states treated it as an administrative agency between 1994 and 2000. Had the Constitution been explicit like the constitution of Nigeria which clearly says that local government will be a level of government which is democratically constituted or like South African constitution which dedicates one chapter about the structure, functions, powers, and finances of local government, probably local governments in Ethiopia would have been treated better. Among other things, because it is not constitutionally in a strong position, the actual treatment of local government is also kind of as a step-child of the federal system. It is used to enforce the policies of the regional and federal government especially given the fact that one ruling party controls all levels of government. The ruling party is structured and operates based on the democratic centralism principle which requires a decision to be made at a higher level and to be implemented at a local level. Basically local government is serving and being used for the purpose of implementing the will of the higher levels of government rather than the will of the local community which is supposed to have elected and constituted that level of government. Government policies which are prepared under the guidance of EPRDF emphasize on the need for grassroots level public participation to achieve accelerated development in Ethiopia. Local government being the lowest level of government, do these policies help in strengthening the position of these levels of government on the ground? Even though in terms of constitutional and legal terms there is no clarity, in terms of policy direction, it is clear that local government is meant to serve as a level of government where democratic participation takes place and services are delivered efficiently. However, the existence and function of local government should not depend on mere policy. It should be legally, if possible constitutionally, entrenched. The problem with mere policy is that it can change. Yesterday, local government was not seen as important level of government for democratic participation. Now, it is seen as a level of government which is important for democratic participation. Tomorrow, this may change. There are different measures that are taken with the purpose of enhancing public participation one of which is increasing the size of local councils. The official explanation for this is making local government more accessible to the public. Now, we have more than 3.6 million local representatives’ seats throughout the country. This has increased the democratic participation as many people are represented, you can argue. On the other hand, it has discouraged democratic pluralism. Due to the fact that there are millions of seats in local government councils, only the ruling party can contest in local election. Because of the sheer size of local councils, the other opposition parties are in capable to run for local elections structurally, organizationally, and financially. This has helped the ruling party to stay dominant by controlling local government where any political interaction between local community and any political organization takes place. Despite the fact that the opposition is not in a position to compete and win local government seats against EPRDF is well appreciated, one of your works insist that the opposition lack interest even to participate in local elections. What possible factors explain this lack of interest? The participation of the opposition in local elections is insignificant. As I have argued in one of my opinion pieces, the opposition complains that they face difficulties to participate in the national elections but at the end of the day they still participate. When it comes to local election, at the first sign of harassment they boycott. The last five local elections took place basically without the participation of the opposition. Of course, participating in local elections is more demanding than the national election. Local government is huge in terms of size as it has 3.6 million seats. However, in national elections, we have only a maximum of 550 seats. I don’t think that this is the only reason. On the other hand, they consider controlling the national government will ultimately lead to controlling the local level of government. So, rather than spending time and energy on local government, they just want to participate in the national election. I believe that if the opposition parties are to be successful, they cannot ignore CONT`D FROM PAGE 21 local elections. On the one hand, that is the level of government where they can have direct interaction with the public. On the other hand, they allege every time that it is local authorities which block their interaction with the public. So, if they want to have direct interaction with the public, then they have to control local government. Some federalism experts advice that to compete with a highly dominant incumbent like the EPRDF, the opposition has to start claiming local government seats and build on it step by step before controlling the federal government. On the contrary, as you have argued in your works, the opposition has a strategy that anticipates controlling the federal government will definitely result in controlling the local governments. Which approach is advisable? At the end of the day, it is going to be a political decision. It is a matter of calculation by the political parties as to which way will suit them. For some, it is preferable to start slowly from local government and build up. For others, it is preferable to control the national government and go down from top to local government. I don’t think, I can say this or the other one will work. But what I can say is there are a number of justifications that I can give on why the opposition should not ignore local government. This is the level of government which is creating difficulties, as they allege. If they want to avoid this difficulty, they have to give attention to local government. The other justification for decentralization is it provides a political space where the workability of different political views and programs can be tested. If they start to test their political program at local level and if they are found to www.thereporterethiopia.com be workable, they can make a case for themselves to say that it is working at a local level and will definitely work at regional and federal level. You can test it without putting too much risk, with less expense at local level. Many constitutional experts argue that the division of power between the federal government and the regional government in the Constitution lacks clarity. Considering that establishing local government falls under the competence of the regional states, can one attribute some of the problems of local governments to this controversy? We have a dual federal system. Whatever power and function the regional governments have, it has to come from the Constitution. They can only devolve powers and functions assigned to them to local government. It is up to the regional states to clearly define the powers and functions of local governments. Currently, the powers and functions of the local governments are totally unclear. The regional constitutions do not define what kinds of powers and functions local governments may exercise, what kind of revenue it can raise and use, and whether it can demand as of right from regional states’ budget some kind of equitable share in the form of block grant. It is not also so clear what powers and functions the regional states themselves have. There are some openended provisions in the Constitution which provide some kind of leeway for the federal government to enter into the territory of the regional states and to assume power. The Constitution itself is framed in such a way that it allows the federal government to encroach into the terrain of the regional states power “The last ¿ve local... page 29 |27 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment űêĐúŘèȊšņƯŅƑčšƯǓêøãĵĊ ĵõǡŢƲǎåǎæŅĕŹĊżćƗŒŤûŅĊ ĐƴžëŒǩąňøĒňƑğƲ űêĐúŘèȊšņƯŅƑčšƯǓêøãĵĊŹơãĵňŒƯŅƟąƟĆŊŦƲǎåǎæ ƟõŤƓŤĵǦĆƴƥňèƴƯ÷ǎŪŅĚŹĊżćƗŒŤûŅĊĐƴžëŒĵǩąň űƑƹƻċåõĕǦƴȈêǑêțț ƯŅĚŹĊżćƗŒűƴšŊț ŋƵňȒžűȕčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê Ǐņŷċ÷ƲķƤšĒűø ƯŬõƶĵŬǡǏĸŵĒĺčĸǦć ƯĒĺčĸƖĻňŷċ÷ƲųŦŅĊŤĚŤê ĸŦžòŦǼƔŤ õĹŊĻéõŦǎƻ ŷëúȒƲűżĸķ ƯĒĺčĸƖĝŦǦĊƛƛú ƯĒĺčĸƖčƛŊŹǡƔņțčƛŊ džúċ áƖŦƹƴ ŅĒżŦ ĒʼnĚŦƔǎŦ čéƹ ĞǦĊ Ư ƯĒĺčĸƖűdžŦƹ ûƺê ĎƠŻĿňĈčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê ţĐŦĒʼnĚƔǎŦčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê ŋƵňáƴæžĒȒžűȕčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê ȊƲŊűƴŁſŀŦčéƹĞǦĊûƺê øĊőƸĒ÷ţĸĒčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê ŻƲŀŦčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê żţƵûŅĊĐƴžêčéƹĞǦĊƯûƺê żţƵûŅĊĐƴžêčéƹƯûƺê ƯŅĕŹĊżćƗŎŦ ßťň øƯŊ Ư÷ȈêǏ ŅǬĈŋŒ ùžďſ ȊçȕĒ ãŦȄ ȊŊ åȊŊ ĵ÷ǎũƖ ǩååĢ űêĐú ãŦȄ ĢǦĊ Ǔķ ƖĒǦ ŹãŦȄƖ ĵĒŅdžĊĸ ĵ÷ǎũƖ ǩååĢ ãŦȄ űĒŅƹƶĊ ķċ űǡǎĺ ĵõƶƹ ģõƖ ƴǎŬæțț ƯõŻŧŎ čéƹŤ Ęď ĞǦĊú ĵǏêã ƯǏĸŵƖűdžŦƹøǾƶĢ ƯƛúƯűžďƵŦøŚĵĆŦƯĂĈžŦƖŦćȖĊŊ øƹõǦŤøǾƶĢ ƯƛúƯűžďƵŦøŚĵĆŦƯŷƸŊćȖĊŊ øƹõǦŤøǾƶĢ ƯƖǫŷƸŅĊõěúŤűĸèōƖŦõƑčŦȝ ƯǡĢèèǏĸŵƖŦĠåǏĸŵøǾƶĢ ƯøãĵĆűĸèŊƑƴúòǑƓƑŻëŐōƖƯƖžêŤøĒąlj ĵõƲƤŹèƴĵŅǡĝčƖĝŦŤčƛŊĵĒĺčĸƖèƴŶŦƸǎŪ ĵűžĺċŊǦćƲŒŦŦŶŤĝĊĸåŦțț ƯƹƴĉžŅċŒĻĊƻ Ǐņŷċ÷ƲķƤšĒűø ŅåǦȎĸōƔêțț ĵõäŢú ŅĕŹĊżćƗŎŦ õǓƢŊ ƯúŊȈêǏ ƴã øĒňƑğƲ ŹƑǤĵŊ ƝåŊ űŦĒŋ ĵ ƯĂĈ ĝŤŊ ƖĒǦ ƟƑŊĊ ĵĂĈ čƛŊ ǩååĢ űêĐú ĢǦĊ Ǔķ ĵõǎũŊ õŻŧŎŦ øƯŊ ƯúŊŒæõäŢŦŶƯǎåǾŦȝƯǩąňčšƼŒŦƯøƴõåĒ űŦƻõŋĺĊĵõžȈêǩååĢűêĐúãŦȄűĒŅƹƶĊķċøǓũŊ ƯúŊŒæõäŢŦŶŦǎêȄåŦțț ŅǬĈœŒ Ư÷ǎƠĵŊ ƔǑ ĵčú ĵňĕǎ ŵŦĽëȕ ƴã øĒňƑğƲ ǑƣǤèƴŹƑǤĵŊǐƣűŦĒŋĵƯĂĈĝŤŊƖĒǦåơßŅĺë ĵŅƟǑdžƖƯǩąňĀǦŦƖĒǦǩååĢűêĐúãŦȄűĒŅƹƶĊķċ ĵõâƻøĒǎĸŊƴŧĊĸōƔêțț ǩąňƖǦĊĝŦƛúŹǦƔņčƛŊŅƟǓŋĵǩååĢ űêĐúòŦȄűĒŅƹƶĊķċŅǬĈœŒƑƴŦúòǑƓƑŻëŐōƖ ĵ÷ǎŪĵŊțčƛŊƴŹȈňêțț éëŒŅǬĈœŒĸĝąĶŊƔǑèƴŅŦŅĊēƔǑõĒǡŊƯŅŹåŹå šƖțț ŅǬĈœŒƯ÷ǬąņĵŊŦƯõšĘƔǑƖŦűĂĊĵõŋĵĸŦž žȍƲøƟƪ&32øĒƲƤƴŧĊĸōƔêțț ƯǩąňűĕŤȊƖŹǩąňƖĵŞèƲæŊŦƯĒúøƢƑĊƑǫƗŒ öæĵöæƴĕȍŤêțț ƯǩąňűĕŤȊƗŒƲĕšȉĵŊƔǑèƴŅǩøćŶđŊňžĒ9$7 űĂĈűúĒŊĵõŋĵŅǩøćƴŹȍèæțț űĕŤȊƗŒƯǩąňƖƖǥŊŹŅǎåȁĵŊĝŦdžúċŶĒŹǦĊĝŦ ƛúƻąĒžȍƲȈǾõƖŦĺąňōƖŦżêŅąŹĶƯǩąňƖ ƖǥŊ Ư÷čąƤ äŧ Źèƴ åǩąň øĒŹĵćƲ ƲĒƲƠŊ ǎŦƟĺ åźĸŦƲƖǎķƴƶąǑêțț øŦŬƖúƯõŦǓĂŊƝƹķŧĊĘǮƴŹȍèêțț źĸŦƲƖ ƯŅĘå õŦǎƻ żǎũ ǩąňƖŦ ĵöæú äš ĵŹȊê ƯõčąƤõĺņƯŅǡĵĝšƖțț åĵåǡ õąlj ĵĒêž ĞǦĊ ȝ ȝȝƶƖåƖõąƹŊ ƴŒèæțț űƻĈĘțùžďſűƶĸĸƴȝȊçȕĒ ãŦȄȊŊåȊŊǩååĢ űêĐúãŦȄ űƸĒűĵĸ www.thereporterethiopia.com 28| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Alliances... In the twenty-first century, next door is everywhere. That is why the world needs coalition diplomacy. No country can defeat terrorism on its own. No country can solve the existential threat of climate change alone. No country can eradicate extreme poverty, combat potential pandemics, or improve nuclear security by itself. None of us can live safer, richer lives by turning our back to the world. We must build on our history of working with The right... CONT`D FROM PAGE 14 media. This new reality demands a new response. We will need to update, adapt, and deepen our methods of working together. This can be done by building on effective institutions of cooperation that already exist. Institutions like the IMF should be made even more representative in light of the dynamic shifts taking place in the global economy. The new networks of influence should be embraced and given space in the twenty-first century architecture of global governance. This is what I have called the “new multilateralism.” I believe it is the only way to address the challenges that the global community faces. The year 2014 was a tough one. The recovery was slow, a series of dangerous geopolitical risks emerged, and the world was confronted with a devastating Ebola outbreak. Next year may be another tough one, but it could also be a good one – a truly multilateral year. New momentum on global trade could help unlock investment worldwide, and I am hopeful about the new Sustainable Development Goals (which will succeed the Millennium Development Goals in 2015), and about the prospects for a comprehensive climate-change agreement at the end of next year. Against this backdrop, the adoption of the IMF reforms by the United States Congress would send a long-overdue signal to rapidly growing emerging economies that the world counts on their voices, and their resources, to find global solutions to global problems. Growth, trade, development, and climate change: 2015 will be a rendezvous of important multilateral initiatives. We cannot afford to see them fail. Let us make the right choices. Ed.’s Note: Christine Lagarde is Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. The article was provided to The Reporter by Project Syndicate: the world’s pre-eminent source of original op-ed commentaries. Project Syndicate provides incisive perspectives on our changing world by those who are shaping its politics, economics, science, and culture. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of The Reporter. CONT`D FROM PAGE 14 allies by forming new coalitions – with governments, with civil society, and, yes, with everyday people. A good example is the international effort to confront the Islamic State’s malign brutality in Iraq and Syria. Political, humanitarian, and intelligence tools from more than 60 countries are being used to support unified military action. Success depends not on what one or even a handful of countries can do alone, but on what all of us are able to achieve by moving forward together against this common threat. together countries with competing interests and varying resources is hard work. It demands intense diplomatic engagement and calls upon relationships that have been built and maintained over decades, as well as alliances with new partners. But by overcoming differences and coordinating efforts to defeat the Islamic State and conquer Ebola, we are reinforcing support for a world order grounded in collective solutions to common problems. On an equally important front, the US is working with the United Nations to galvanize a global response to the danger posed by the Ebola virus. I have personally talked with more than 50 foreign leaders, and we all agree that only by coordinating our actions can we stop the devastation in West Africa and halt Ebola’s spread. Cooperation is equally vital in reinforcing the bedrock economic principles on which America and other countries built their postwar prosperity. Frustration cannot grow faster than opportunity in any country. For example, the negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) reflect President Obama’s determination to strike an accord with countries that represent one-third of global trade and 40 percent of global GDP. We are making progress on both issues, but much work remains. Bringing The benefits – for both the US and our partners – are enormous. Estimates Do economic... CONT`D FROM PAGE 13 must be prepared to address their own vulnerabilities. North Korea is perhaps the most noxious regime in the world today, and one can only hope that its cruel government collapses sometime soon. The Kim regime has clung to power despite being subject to severe economic sanctions, perhaps because China, fearing a united Korea on its border, has not yet been willing to withdraw its support. Yet it is easy to forget that there are different viewpoints in international relations, even in the most extreme situations. Though North Korea’s alleged attack on Sony Pictures’ computers has been rightly condemned, it must be admitted that from the perspective of the North Korean elite, their country simply applied economic retaliation much like anyone else does. Sony Pictures had produced a satire poking fun at North Korea’s leader, the “Young General” Kim Jong-un. This was an intolerable affront, to which the elite responded with economic sabotage rather than military action. Let us also not forget that Russia, too, has deployed cyber attacks in the service of foreign-policy goals. Indeed, Russia has far more formidable hackers than North Korea (though much of the top talent currently is employed in mafia rings, rather than in strategic operations). In a world where nuclear proliferation has rendered global conventional war unthinkable, economic sanctions and sabotage are likely to play a large role in twenty-first-century geopolitics. Rather than preventing conflict, Pericles’s sanctions in ancient Greece ultimately helped to trigger the Peloponnesian War. One can only hope that in this century, wiser heads will prevail, and that economic sanctions lead to bargaining, not violence. Ed.’s Note: Kenneth Rogoff, a former chief economist of the IMF, is Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University. The article was provided to The Reporter by Project Syndicate: the world’s pre-eminent source of original op-ed commentaries. Project Syndicate provides incisive perspectives on our changing world by those who are shaping its politics, economics, science, and culture. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of The Reporter. In a world where nuclear proliferation has rendered global conventional war unthinkable, economic sanctions and sabotage are likely to play a large role in twenty-Àrst-century geopolitics. Rather than preventing conÁict, Pericles’s sanctions in ancient Greece ultimately helped to trigger the Peloponnesian War. www.thereporterethiopia.com are that the TPP could provide USD 77 billion a year in real income and support 650,000 new jobs in the US alone. The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership being negotiated with the European Union offers another major step toward increasing trade. Whether for mutual security or shared prosperity, genuine partnerships are not built overnight. Patient diplomacy and a collective will are needed to advance common goals. America’s objectives remain the same as they have been for decades – peace, prosperity, and stability for the US and for our partners around the world. Ed.’s Note: John F. Kerry, former US Senator from Massachusetts and Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, is US Secretary of State. The article was provided to The Reporter by Project Syndicate: the world’s pre-eminent source of original op-ed commentaries. Project Syndicate provides incisive perspectives on our changing world by those who are shaping its politics, economics, science, and culture. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of The Reporter. This is a collective failure. As we head into 20, we must consider policies and interventions to curb such extreme inequality. The state... CONT`D FROM PAGE 12 limited amount is desirable as a driver of competition and growth. But the deep and pervasive inequality that exists today can only be condemned. According to some back-of-the-envelope calculations, the wealth of the world’s 50 richest people totals USD 1.5 trillion, equivalent to 175 percent of Indonesia’s GDP, or a little more than Japan’s foreign-exchange reserves. If one assumes that this wealth yields 8 percent per year, the annual income of the world’s 50 wealthiest people is close to the total income of the poorest one billion – in other words, those living below the poverty line. This is a collective failure. As we head into 2015, we must consider policies and interventions to curb such extreme inequality. We must do this not only out of a sense of justice, but also because, in a world afflicted with such extreme disparities, its poorest residents lose their voice, even when they have the right to vote. Extreme inequality is, ultimately, an assault on democracy. Ed.’s Note: Kaushik Basu, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank, is Professor of Economics at Cornell University. The article was provided to The Reporter by Project Syndicate: the world’s pre-eminent source of original op-ed commentaries. Project Syndicate provides incisive perspectives on our changing world by those who are shaping its politics, economics, science, and culture. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of The Reporter. |29 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 “The last five local... and function. This has been manifested in the recent urban land administration proclamation when the federal government invokes the purpose of creating one economic community as a leeway to engage in the administration of urban land. According to the Constitution, land administration is state power. Even under sub-regional governments, land management is basically the power and functions of local government. So, it directly impacts local government. Is there a direct relationship between the way the local governments are structured and the level of minority protection especially regrading those migrated from other areas for different reasons? In relation to ethnic local government, the Constitution seems to envisage the accommodation of those territorially concentrated ethnic communities. In multi-ethnic regions like SNNPR, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, there are ethnically structured territories. SNNPR, Benishangul, Gambella, Afar, and Amhara regional states established ethnic local governments at zonal, special woreda or nationality zone levels. When it comes to other minorities which are not territorially concentrated especially what we call ethnic migrants or what some writers call exogenous ethnic communities, as a matter of institutional structure, they cannot be accommodated through the establishment of ethnic local government. They are territorially dispersed and belong to different ethnic communities. The question should be are there non-territorial institutional mechanisms and structures for the purpose of accommodating these ethnic migrants. One way of accommodating these ethnic migrants is to protect their individual rights. For that, both the federal and regional constitutions have bill of rights. When it comes to political representation of ethnic migrants, there seems to be some measures taken by the regional states which discourage their political representation. One is quota system. For example, in Oromia 50 percent of city council seats are CONT`D FROM PAGE 26 reserved for ethnic Oromos especially in those cities where ethnic Oromos are found in minority. And 20 percent is reserved for rural kebeles which are dominated by ethnic Oromos. So, practically 70 percent of the city council seats are out of contestation for other individuals belonging to other ethnic communities. On the one hand, this measure seems to be justified. These cities being found in ethnically organized regional states and being centers of administrative offices, schools, and universities, excluding those communities for whom the regional state was established from having some kind of control over the cities will not make sense. On the other hand, this kind of measures with extensive exclusionary provisions puts hurdle on their participation. Its constitutionality may be questioned. Are local governments in a position to raise their own revenue to cover the required costs emanating from the powers and functions entrusted to them? With regard to financial powers of local government, except some big cities which are financial and economic centers, they are to a large extent dependent on grants from senior levels of government. This is actually the case even in other federations like Nigeria and South Africa. Mostly, local governments are not capable of covering all their expenses from internal revenue. But in other federal countries constitutions the upper level of governments are required to transfer grants to local government. In Ethiopia, local governments’ revenue raising power is not clearly defined. The woredas just exercise administrative power over taxes assigned to regional governments like rural land use fee and agricultural income tax. Since 2001, there is a policy that directs upper levels of governments to transfer block grants to local governments especially woredas. But it is not a constitutional requirement. That means a woreda cannot require the regional state to transfer block grants to it. If a woreda is controlled by an opposition party and the regional state governed by another ruling party, the party governing the regional state may refuse to transfer block grants. And there is no way that the opposition party can enforce that right. LETTER TO THE EDITOR Inform the public to make the right decision Dear Editor, Media has usually, if not always, the power to change the way the public thinks and behaves. Information is always power. And the one from the media plays a significant role in the decision citizens make as it is usually taken for granted and double-checked. Media professionals are considered as authorized truth tellers. As a result, the information coming from the television screens, radio speakers, and newspaper columns has a big impact on the way the majority of the public perceives the truth about something. This means the media organizations and the media professionals are expected to dig more information and go extra-miles to double check whether the information they accessed is reallythe truth. That is a matter of trustworthiness for them while it is for the public a matter of making the right decision using the information. Whenever they fail to do so, the destruction will be regrettable both for the public and for themselves. That is what happened during the last three months in media reports about what is going on in the country’s telecom sector. As of October, reports appeared on different newspapers indicating that Ericson, the Swedish telecom company, is to take part in the country’s telecom expansion project that was signed amonge thio-telecom and Huawei and ZTE, Chinese telecom operators, with 1.6 billion USD vendor financing agreement to last for two years. From the beginning, I have read different and conflicting information about the involvement of Ericson in the project. I was not surprised about the distorted information as the issue was at its early age. After all, the information had some slice of truth in it. What is surprising is the media still seem not to get the truth about what exactly the involvement of Ericson is. Ethio-telecom did officially sign a frame contact with Ericsson a week before and various media outlets have covered the story. Unfortunately, the public is not yet informed about what the agreement would mean in providing an efficient telecom service. I believe the public has the right to know the truth about it as the issue is something significant for the public in everyone’s day to day activities and the lion’s share in this respect is up to the media. As an individual who wishes to get accurate information about significant projects, I learnt that Ericson’s share in the project is to work only on the wireless lot in all four different circles it is awarded with 400 million USD. That means it will not work on other www.thereporterethiopia.com lots even in the four circles unlike what the media reported. Most importantly, I came to understand that the negotiation shifted all the potential risks to the country. The agreement worth of USD 400 million, which the country is expected to start paying after a year in Foreign currency (because Ericson’s grace period is only one year as far as I know), excludes the cost of auxiliary facilities like batteries and iron towers. These costs will instead be covered by the country even after paying 400 million USD. I also highly doubt the impact it will have on the time frame the project is expected to be put into commercial usage. It takes months to produce and transport the batteries and towers to the sites from factories. The time it takes to reach agreement with the supplier is not exceptional. After all these processes, it needs another time to implement it. This is something that has to do with whether the project can be put into commercial usage as already set a year ago. That is a question that should have led the media to know more about the details instead of simply taking what was literally said in the official press conferences. We need more detailed information from the media. That is a long way to go. Antonio Blanca [email protected]. 30| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com |31 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 2n hindsight, though, one could perhaps note that such downstream anticipation is not totally unreasoned. After all, one cannot fail to appreciate that Egypt owes its very existence to the 1ile and could do anything to salvage its privileged position with regard to the use of the river. Since the ancient times, the 1ile Áood in Egypt has presented the foundation for one of the most-stable and structured social, economic and political realms in human history. Sudan, too, depends extensively on this natural endowment. Experimentation on the huge potentials of Sudanese agriculture dates back to as early as 0 Sudan has for long had an elaborate system of irrigation covering a vast area of about 2 million hectares using dams and diesel pumps. Conveying a wrong... country’s water security’ and retorted that should Egypt ‘lose one drop, our blood is the alternative’. Apparently, the final report of the International Panel of Experts - submitted on June 1, 2013 to Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt - had played little role in influencing the hydro-political setting in Egypt. Outraged by the open declaration, of course, Ethiopia pursued a series of diplomatic measures and reiterated its stance that the project will not be stopped even for a second - despite the stirs caused in Egypt. While the diplomatic confrontation subsided in June 2013 after Egypt’s Foreign Minister Mohamed Kamel Amr visited Addis Ababa, and later, following a summit between leaders of the two countries in Malabu in 2014, the blemish of this brief incident lingered as somber reminder of the deeply entrenched disparity between national interests and how Egypt constructs its ‘water rights’ even when its position remains incompatible with any reading of fundamental principles under international law. Most importantly, the episode left Ethiopia on the defensive in relation to construction of the GERD and in improving relationships between the two states. Diplomatic shuttles became order of the day, public diplomacy was reinvigorated, and exceedingly optimistic views were reiterated in Ethiopian corners emphasizing, without caution, that the Ethiopian dam ‘has limited objectives’ and ‘causes little or no injury to Egypt’. Not many seemed to give due consideration to the ‘high expectation’ Ethiopia’s diplomatic language raises along the downstream Nile in terms of ‘future forbearance’ in utilizing the dam itself or the Nile waters for other purposes, for example, to fulfill its dire water requirement in agriculture or food security. A prudent approach, however challenging in the short-term relations of the two states, would have required Ethiopia to openly predicate all its claims on the equitable uses principle. Ethiopia’s argument in defense of the GERD should principally be grounded on a premise that pursuing development on any part of the Nile - including the GERD - is in fact a sovereign right - whether such action causes harm along the downstream Nile or entails a diminution in the flow of the Nile waters to Sudan or Egypt. Indeed, except in the context of promoting good neighborly relations and cooperation, Ethiopia is not bound to labor on assuring that the GERD poses no harm to downstream states - so long as it acts within the confines of its equitable share. If anything, a persistent employ of language that the GERD does not impair Egyptian and Sudanese interests only molds a wrong perception that Ethiopia’s equitable entitlement is determined in narrow confines of a specific use, which, if exceeded through another use, engenders undesirable diplomatic racket with the two downstream countries. In diplomatic settings, how a state tunes its pledges could well have implication on the nature of the expectation by other riparian states. El Sisi’s intended appeal is a suitable example. In Egypt, despite all the wisdom availed on international water law, if its leadership looks for Ethiopia’s written warranty that the GERD has no hidden agenda than the development of hydropower or that Ethiopia’s use of the Nile will not shrink the river’s flows, one could postulate that Egypt was only taking advantage of how Ethiopia has framed its rights on the Nile during the construction phases of the GERD. Egypt has regarded Ethiopian stakes as limited to the development of power - further inferring that the latter would not pursue other uses on the Nile although it realizes that Ethiopia’ uses in all sectors are legitimate under settled principles of international law. On hindsight, though, one could perhaps note that such downstream anticipation is not totally unreasoned. After all, one cannot fail to appreciate that Egypt owes its very existence to the Nile and could do anything to salvage its privileged position with regard to the use of the river. Since the ancient times, the Nile flood in Egypt has presented the foundation for one of the most-stable and structured social, economic and political realms in human history. Sudan, too, depends extensively on this natural endowment. Experimentation on the huge potentials of Sudanese agriculture dates back to as early as 1910; Sudan has for long had an elaborate system of irrigation covering a vast area of about 2 million hectares using dams and diesel pumps. In both countries, the Nile River and its tributaries supply the vital waters of life. Hence, in the past two years, if Sudan has acquiesced to Ethiopia’s construction of the GERD or enthusiastically supported its enterprise, this must only be understood as a coefficient of a tacit trade-off (or anticipation) that Ethiopia will not use the Nile waters for irrigational or other uses which subtract the water’s flows. No altruism could be inferred from its behavior. If anything, the extreme ‘no-interference’ “ undertaking of the government. CONT`D FROM PAGE 10 position which Sudan advocated during the final legs of the negotiations on the CFA only serves as a fitting demonstration of its ‘veiled intent’ with regard to the GERD. On the other hand, if Egypt has so far failed to endorse the GERD, this is only because it suspects that the dam edifice, once built, could well be used for purposes other than producing power, or that the revenues generated from it could be employed to further expand Ethiopia’s dependence on the Nile waters. Clearly, neither of the two states will easily yield to a compromise if Ethiopia choses to raise its stakes on the Nile through, for example, large-scale irrigational schemes as a legitimate exercise of its equitable shares. No doubt, Ethiopia will heighten it stakes on the Nile; this is only a matter of time. True, in relation to Ethiopia, the fundamentals of an old British policy on the Nile which had advocated that Ethiopia ‘had no pressing uses’ for the Nile and that ‘its benefit from the river is limited to the development of power for which there is no immediate market’ has been wholeheartedly inherited by Egypt and Sudan even today. Yet, so much has also changed in Ethiopia in the past decades - and particularly since the 1990’s. Master plans of major national river basins have been worked out, or reorganized; and a chain of prefeasibility and feasibility studies had been completed. While various organizations had put the figures quite differently, a modest study published by the FAO in 1997 had estimated that across the Nile basin, the gross irrigational water requirement stands at 124bcm/yr., far beyond the river’s mean annual supplies, of which 19.9bcm/yr. was in Ethiopia, 38.5bcm/ yr. in Sudan and 57.4bcm/yr. in Egypt. Ethiopia’s irrigation potential in the Nile sub-basin - constituted of the Blue Nile, Baro-Akobo and Tekeze-Atbara sub-basins - extends over 2,219,700 hectares. On the basis of an average irrigational water requirement of 9,000 cubic meters per hectare, irrigated agriculture in Ethiopia would alone require a total of 19.98bcm of waters a year. In light of such great potential, a plan for rapid agriculture-based industrialization which projected to exploit the land, water and peasant labor resources of an agricultural society has been highlighted as a vital policy frame to revive the momentum of the national economic development. Among others, the institution of a series of hydro- power facilities and irrigational schemes have been identified as the most pressing www.thereporterethiopia.com Naturally, these developments could not be achieved without making use of the Nile waters - a key national resource. This verity engenders one important consequence: that the protected uses regime on the Nile, historically enjoyed by the states of Egypt and Sudan, would have very little chance of being sustained in the future in its present form or scale. At some stage, reassessment of the shares or readjustment of the beneficial uses would only be imperative. But, this also means that Ethiopia must pursue its riparian interests through a clear articulation of principles of international law that establish its equitable entitlement. Today, when the CFA has petite chances of being endorsed by Egypt - the largest user of the Nile waters - and hence no comprehensive accord would be feasible in the short term, Ethiopia’s diplomatic calisthenics in relation to the GERD must be consistent with the approaches its maintained during the CFA negotiations which had sought to annul all pre-existing accords on the Nile. Its discourse should twirl on ‘reallocation’ of appropriated waters, when reasonable. And when such course appears impractical, Ethiopia must firmly defend its rights on the basis of broader conceptions of equity - without leaving any opening for ambiguity. In the context of the GERD, this entails that its diplomatic language should be outlined in a style that would not produce a mistaken optimism in Egypt and Sudan - that Ethiopia’s interest is indeed restricted to the development of hydropower schemes. It must plainly convey a message that it is perfectly legitimate for Ethiopia to dedicate the GERD or other tributaries of the Nile for any use it deems fit; only an accord between the three states could impose a limit on its rights. Such a clear stand from the outset thwarts any misunderstanding which might arise subsequently - should, for example, Ethiopia choose to enlarge its uses of the Nile waters. Most importantly, a consistent assertion of a broader right of use in all instances, including in the context of diplomatic engagements on the GERD, would potentially inhibit Egypt from venturing to request for Ethiopia’s written undertaking that it will not use the GERD for purposes other than the production of electric powers, nor will it be cornered it into acquiescing that its actions will not diminish the river’s flows downstream. Ed.’s Note: Tadesse Kassa Woldetsadik (PhD) is an assistant professor of Law and Human Rights, College f Law and Governance Studies, Addis Ababa University. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of The Reporter. He can be reached at [email protected]. 32| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Trafficking or slavery Human trafficking... is available in Ethiopia” has become a norm. However, these presumptions are yet to be substantiated by facts. One example where misreading the situation of domestic workers in the Middle East, has been the training program initiated by the government. The so-called training consisted of teaching women how to iron, using washing machine, usage of modern kitchen equipment’s etc. However, there is very little qualitative or quantitative data that showcases a correlation between domestic workers ability to perform their contractual agreement and violence towards them. The only data available concerning training domestic workers in such a fashion is that such workers could be paid more (such as Philippine workers being paid more than Ethiopian workers). Therefore, when these programs are implemented; there have been cases where some women are taught to apply perfumes on their clothes so as to seem more adaptable or in teaching them that they should not complain too much to their employers. Thus, the end result occurs whereby when they do arrive in the Middle East they are prone to their rights being violated because they blame themselves for not “adopting” to the work culture and the training given to them at home in Ethiopia. These trainings become counterproductive because it empowers the abusive employer and blames to victim for the abuse. Therefore because the presumptions have been that these domestic workers both who had traveled (legally and illegally) are attracting violation to their rights due to their lack of labor experience or their lack of discipline; the training programs only embodies these stereotypes that undermining their human rights in the first place. Opposition parties The stands of the opposition parties on the issue of migration could be divided in two areas. There are those who are advocating for the wellbeing of migrants in light of policies and then they are those who want to exploit the tragedy of Ethiopian migrants to score some political points. This is nothing new in the game of politics, as political parties globally act in such manners. However, what is worrying in this case is that the opposition groups both internally and externally have not been vocal about what they would do differently than the stands of the government is taking. For example, when controversy occurred when the Blue (Semayawi) party organized a rally after the returnees came back to Ethiopia, there was very little from the opposition party as to what they hoped to achieve. It begs the question if the rally was really about migrants’ rights in the first place or media attention for the party. This question is even more troubling by the fact that after the rally was canceled, it seems the interest of opposition groups subsided in the area of migrants. Different avenues to address the issue of migrants’ rights such as the media both local and international were not utilized. As the general elections were approaching, too busy with funds and mobilization, again the rights of migrants are sidelined by the opposition. Some in the opposition blame what they call government repression for the lack of action, yet very few explain exactly what repression was in place to hinder them to help shape polices that they think would help returnees. Again we see how because migrants are within the fringe of society (the poor, the uneducated, and the vulnerable) most opposition parties only use the plight of migrants when it fits their agenda of criticizing the government. IOM, ILO and civil societies On April 10, 2014, Migrant-Right ( Middle East based NGO) spoke to chief technical adviser on migrant domestic workers at the International Labour Organization (ILO’s) head office in Addis Ababa. The conversation ranged from livelihood projects for returnees to the challenges ILO and IOM encountered such as stigmatization of returnees due to children born out of wedlock and debt returnees owed to brokers. However, very little information as to ongoing projects conducted by IOM and ILO was informative. Again there seems to ambiguity as to the responsibility shouldered by organizations such as International organization of Migrants (IOM) or International labour organization (ILO). For example, ILO did not state if they were working with host countries about improving domestic workers rights or if they are working with the active civil societies within the Middle East who are working on migrants rights. However, what is more disheartening is lack of accountability in dealing with the failure or lack of action by IOM and ILO before the forced deportation of Ethiopian migrants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia took place. Looking at the backdrop before the outbreak of the crises; contrary to many media outlets both local and international, about the sudden violence that engulfed Ethiopian migrants in Saudi, the six month temporary extension for migrants to apply for work permit was for those who changed jobs (which at that time were illegal) and not for those who entered Saudi nation illegally. Thus, this limbo existed for Ethiopian migrants as many entered the country illegally and thus can be prosecuted by law. In poorer neighborhoods of major cities in Saudi where the majority of Ethiopian migrants lived, there existed uneasy atmosphere between the Ethiopian migrants and poor Saudis and other migrants from Asia. Accusations and counter accusation existed about rape, murder and theft committed by Ethiopians on other nationalities and vice versa before the six month extension of deportation order. At this time, it was the responsibility of IOM and ILO to step in to try to meditate between the local council and the migrants; this was not done sufficiently even though local civil societies, local businessmen and some religious leaders have warned of an upcoming conflict between these communities. CONT`D FROM PAGE 10 Moreover, even after the deadline passed and conflict intensified, ILO and IOM did not deploy enough people on the ground even to guide the Ethiopian migrants to where to go, which police station was safe, help local police to be deployed, coordinate with different actors etc. Thus, their absence added to the confusion, which allowed a vacuum for corrupt policemen and locals to take the law into their own hands and “teach” the Ethiopian migrants a “lesson” by rape and murder. Arab society and Ethiopian domestic workers To understand the violence that encountered Ethiopian migrants in the Middle East; we have to understand the history of labor migrants from the Horn of Africa to the Middle East. In ancient times, slavery between the Horn and the Middle East approximately had 2 million black slaves transported to the Middle East. Most of those who were traded and sold to the Middle East disproportionally had been women compared to those sold by European and American slave traders in the Western part of Africa (which were mostly men for labor on plantations). These women were used as concubines to serve their masters’ sexual needs (mostly by force) and can be traded and exchanged (or shared) without their will. It was common place for the concubines to act as domestic laborers in their masters’ household. These services of course went on without any salary or compensation. It is from this background, we can better understand why there is a disproportionate level of violence towards domestic workers at present time in the Middle East. Both the Kafala system of work sponsorship and domestic laws pertaining domestic laborers rights (which in most cases does not apply to foreign domestic workers); can be better understood by the lack of will both in the population and the government of the host nations to implement laws protecting domestic workers such as Ethiopian domestic workers. As with the past, most Middle Eastern governments wish for the employers and the employment agency to meditate the fate of domestic workers; for little value has and is given to domestic workers from Africa and Asia, due to a history of enslavement of women from Africa that has not been dealt with sufficiently by the society at present time. This is not to say that many in the Middle East still hold the same view as the past. The new generation especially has been an advocate for humane treatment of domestic workers from Africa and Asia. It is actually their brave and hard work that has highlighted the plight of domestic workers in the Middle East. It is these individuals and some religious leaders who have protected the rights of Migrants, quoting the holy Quran to show mercy and compassion. However, the institutions in Middle Eastern countries, especially those dealing with domestic workers have not met the bare minimum international standards and still resonate the dark age of female slavery and servitude practiced in the Middle East in recent past. www.thereporterethiopia.com Most would argue that human trafficking is a means by which human slavery would occur. However, within the context of Ethiopia, I would argue that the main misguided policy practiced by our government, civil societies and the international organizations in relations to Ethiopian migrants is because of the belief that human trafficking can be tackled with policy changes, awareness camping and livelihood alternatives. Yet, when we look at the facts on the ground more and more people are going even after the ban by the government, as illustrated by the recent tragedy of 70 Ethiopians drowning going to Yemen; a war torn country which already has 2 million illegal migrants and human rights violations that takes place daily on migrants. From our government to our society at large, we have been using the prism of economic or political situation in our country to understand the migration flow; thus focusing or trajectories and economic incentives at home as solutions; yet what we have failed to understand for so long has been that, the same society government is encouraging to protect the vulnerable individuals (such as women) is the same society that is selling their own people for their own greed. Blaming poverty as an excuse for example on Monday July 21, 2014, an article written by David Smith (a reporter for The Guardian newspaper) looked at how some regions in Ethiopia would tell their own daughters to marry so they will lose their virginity then divorce and migrate to Middle East to earn more money. They marry off their daughters knowing that these daughters will more likely be raped in their host countries; which is okay with the family, for they can still keep their “honor” as their raped daughter is no more a virgin when she gets raped. As she endures the torture of daily rape and sends whatever she has saved from her 20 hour workday; her family will get a new TV, Radio and can brag about their rise of income; while getting her younger sister ready to fill in her footsteps. Our government is in denial about the magnitude of the problem, when on the other hand, the international community is not. For example, Ethiopia is named one of the 15 countries in the world with over 300,000 people living in slave-like conditions according to Global Slavery Index of 2013, These are not migrants but Ethiopians living in Ethiopia; and it is mostly from this same group that end up being coerced (by bullying and intimidation) even by their family members to migrate (feminization of migration) to the Middle East and Southern Africa. Ethiopia has a dark history of slavery, in which time; it sold its own people for profit before slavery was officially banned in 1942. However, we have to face the fact that Ethiopia is again selling its own people for profit; using poverty as an excuse for mothers and fathers sending off their daughters to the Middle East as a cash cow. The way forward… There is no easy solution to the problem of human trafficking, for there can never be a lasting solution to the problem. However, what would be the best solution to tackle the issue of human trafficking is setting up |33 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 multiple mechanisms to address the issue at hand. If our society is not the solution to human trafficking, then we must accept the fact that we are part of the problem. Behind the rhetoric of Ethiopian solidarity, we first have to accept the fact that our treatment of those who are vulnerable to bondage and trafficking can only be protected by the law of the land; which in this case is our constitution. It is, therefore, a must that we take away the power given to the masses (for example community elders) and empower institutions that deal with human trafficking such as training and funding police force how to handle human trafficking cases and how to collect intelligence (not to depend exclusively on informants from the public “tikoma”). We should also empower the courts and prosecutors with better laws to tackle this epidemic. For example, the US Department of State on June 14, 2010 produced a report on trafficking and the report said that “…Though the Ethiopian government has increased its efforts to prosecute and punish transnational trafficking offenders, prosecution of internal trafficking cases remains nonexistent. Article 635 of Ethiopia’s Criminal Code (Trafficking in Women and Minors) criminalizes sex trafficking and prescribes punishments not exceeding five years’ imprisonment. Articles 596 (Enslavement) and 597 (Trafficking in Women and Children) outlaw slavery and labor trafficking and prescribe punishments of five to 20 years’ rigorous imprisonment. These articles, however, have rarely been used to prosecute trafficking offenses; instead, Articles 598 (Unlawful Sending of Ethiopians to Work Abroad) and 571 (Endangering the Life of Another) are more often used to prosecute cases of transnational labor trafficking.” We must also widen the scope of what qualifies traffickers to include guardians of underage children, to make sure that parents do not sell their kids to human traffickers, such as the case in Cambodia and Philippines. We have to setup a system where by parents understand that children are first and foremost citizens of this nation, protected by law; even from their parents if they bring harm to their child, regardless of the parents economic situation. We not only have to educate but be firm that breaking the law be manipulating their children to travel abroad illegally, will also hold them responsible. We have to show that breaking these laws will have consequences, having them be prosecuted just like the traffickers, including jail time. We also have to work with the government, media, religious leaders, civil society in the Middle East, so that once migrants (both legal and illegal) end up in the Middle East, they are protected by all actors involve. For example, ILO and IOM have to do a better job in coordinating with local civil society groups in setting up safe houses (as some Ethiopian migrants do not wish to go to future Ethiopian government run safe houses). Moreover, the ILO and IOM have to reorganize and modify their mechanism of collecting funds for projects pertaining migrants, making sure to setup funds on the side for emergencies; so that there would not be lack of funds to help Ethiopian migrants in the future in areas of emergency evacuation to safe houses, hiring lawyers etc. In conclusion, even though fighting poverty is logically key in fighting human trafficking and many other issues, not only in Ethiopia but globally; we have to narrow down and focus on protecting and empowering those vulnerable within our society, without forgetting it is us the majority in this society, who have made these young women to become vulnerable in the place. If not for the tolerance by us of FGM, lack of education of our young women, early marriage, domestic violence, lack of employment for rural women and the list goes on; then most of these women and girls would not had been force or coerced into making this journey in the first place. Simplifying the issue of female migration within the context of better livelihood and lack of awareness has only helped create more problems than solutions. It is not a coincidence that most of the domestic workers who have faced the most violence in the Middle East, have come from countries which have appalling women rights records (Nepal, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Indonesia, Pakistan, India). Therefore in Ethiopia, it is not human trafficking which is a means by which human slavery is occurring aboard but it is human bondage and slave like conditions our In search... Ed.s Note: Neftalem Fikre Hailemeskel studies Global Refuge and International Development at Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark. Conducted case studies on livelihood – migration nexus concerning labor migrants. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of The Reporter. He can be reached at [email protected]. With this, many are opening the door to explore the landscape, to reimagine and re-invent art. For Mihret, public art should be the trend since it invites ownership and also breaks the conventional way of presenting art, reaching a wide audience, involving the community Many artists say that there should be public places where people can enjoy themselves. These places should cheer people, make them curious and art plays a major role in this. As Addis is changing, the plan of the city is still in a state of constant revision. And artists say that it is important to include open spaces and green areas. After staging this performance, Mihret believes that the street culture is very rich and is easy to communicate with. Mulugeta, who also tested the public with his performances, says that the community is interactive. He also believes in intervention and likes to function as a wake up call. So did his second performance around Kebena area. Since the community does not have a say as to what kind of statue should be erected he wanted to trigger the community with his question “what kind of monument would you like to see at these kinds of public spaces?” The community crowded him and also questioned his sanity and he was a joy to the children. Some people taught it was a statue. Proposing an integrated solution for the city even at the community level, he says art can be participatory. We have started to become a nation that is turning its back on its own people who have given so much, even their lives, so that their parents can live a better life, their sisters can go to school and their brothers can start their own business. But when they were in hardship; we shunned them away, blaming them for greed and naivety; only dealing with them when the suffering was televised globally; shaming our country’s pride and economic growth; suddenly we grew a consciousness. Our society has become at best indifferent and at worst ignorant about the suffering and sacrifices made by Ethiopian migrants for more than a decade. actually has a plan to do street music performances. CONT`D FROM PAGE 17 housing commotion by building a model house in cartoon. His art performance showed the condominium scheme that was introduced by the Government of Ethiopia. Many bought the model cartoon condos. An old woman, who carried money in her handkerchief, bought the model house and said “let me at least buy this one.” for Mihret these were some of the critiques of the tension that is going on in the city. Creating his provocative piece, he did not ask the officials. He rather wanted to see whether if they would arrest him, but luckily that did not happen. women are facing in Ethiopia that has created the vacuum for these same women to be treated as slaves abroad. If our society of more than 90 million people cannot for any reason let it be cultural or religious norms have become indifferent to human slavery of their own children, using poverty as justification for slavery; then our society doesn’t have the ability to function in a modern world. De Vaartkapoen, Brussels, Belgium On the musical side one artiste who attempted th unusual is Samuel Yirga. He randomly played music on the streets of Addis. Playing on the streets of London was easier but bringing his performance around piazza overwhelmed many who were not used to street piano concerts. Since street concerts are not usual in the Addis scene, the sound system was placed in a neighborhood bank. During the concert people stopped what they were doing to see Samuel play. They fully supported him. Breaking the conventional way of playing music also felt good for him in reaching a community which does not know his music. “They were clapping, cheering for me and it was an overwhelming experience,” Samuel says. Now he www.thereporterethiopia.com Many urban designers recommend in building a city which is not monotonous, but rather one which takes into consideration the unique aspect of local culture. Helawe Sewunet, architect instructor at the Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development says that the public spaces are used during commercial purposes and also religious purposes but when it comes to art there is nothing. Though in theory the creation of open spaces and green areas is the main objective of urban design, he says in reality these places are not there. With the new downtown urban design which connects the jubilee palace to the Filwuha area there are plans to build plazas and he believes things will change. For him the main point of urban design is to make the city lively and these discussions should go on. 34| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 A Chef’s Three... CONT`D FROM PAGE 18 My favorite dish was my grandmother’s roast chicken. It was rubbed with spices—cardamom, cinnamon, salt and pepper—and served with roasted potatoes. The bones would be used to make chicken soup. It was farm to table before that term existed. stuck together and were taught to view our distinction as an opportunity. No matter what happened, we were still the Samuelssons. Sometimes it was tough at school. Kids will be kids. Nevertheless, I did well in class, and much of my confidence came from being an exceptional athlete in soccer, tennis and hockey. I’m so proud of my Swedish heritage— and grateful. I knew in high school that I wanted to be a professional chef, and after graduation I trained in France and Switzerland. Once I was there, moving to America to work was the logical next step. I arrived in the States in 1994 and eventually became a U.S. citizen, retaining my Swedish citizenship as well. I don’t believe children are racist, and most kids in Sweden weren’t. But I was prepared for anything. My parents spoke with me and said, “You know you’re from Ethiopia and children are going to say things.” They told us not to retaliate, that nothing anyone said made any difference anyway. All of those talks prepared me for reality and made me stronger, giving me tremendous focus. Like most Swedish families, my parents owned a second house on the water in Smögen, a small fishing village about an hour and a half up the coast. We spent weekends there fishing on a 15-foot boat that my father and uncles owned. The experience taught me that I was from the city and the country. I started fishing with my father when I was 6. We’d sail all day out into the North Sea. My first job was to throw the net into the water to catch fish and to clean them. At first I was afraid, but older people on the boat gently taught me how to do it. It was part of nature, and in Sweden children are brought into the adult world early. Adults don’t look down on kids, nor do they serve Marcus Samuelsson and his sister Anna, in undated photo, make Christmas cookies in their childhood home in Sweden. children special meals. Kids eat what adults are served. I still remember the taste of the first fish I caught. It was delicious. It was a filleted mackerel that we brought back home to cook in a black skillet with wild chives, lemon and mashed potatoes. That day we caught 40 fish. We cooked and smoked most of them, gave some to our neighbors and sold 10. Fishing was a spiritual, sharing enterprise. Cooking quickly became a passion for me. Whenever my parents were out of the house in Göteborg for extended periods, I spent my free time at my grandparents’ home, which was an eight-minute walk. For my grandmother, cooking wasn’t a chore. She loved it and constantly worked to improve. I started in her kitchen by peeling carrots and mixing the ingredients for meatballs, which are a staple there. Then I graduated to making the gravy, pickling the herring and jarring things. Instead of a modern electric range and oven, like my mother had, my grandmother had an old gas stove, which lets you better control the heat. Back then, it was strange to me that something older was better. Despite all Northwestern... sacrifices, but also personal ones. Her husband and two children — a 9-year-old daughter and 7-year-old son — will remain in their Lakeview home while she spends six months of the year at Mekelle, located in Tigray, about 400 miles north of Addis Ababa, her hometown. “I want them to be proud of me and proud of where they came from ... but I’d be lying if I told you that it wasn’t hard,” Dr Gelila said. “When I talk to my daughter, she gets very emotional, but I want both my kids to know and understand that the world is bigger than just ourselves.” The physician has seen the world’s dichotomies firsthand. In her native country, only 10 percent of deliveries occur in healthcare facilities, and more than half of women giving birth are assisted by an untrained relative or friend, according to the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Dr Gelila recalled the first time she stepped into Prentice Women’s Hospital, with its marble floors, tasteful art work, “brilliant” teachers and stateof-the-art equipment — all just a stone’s throw from Michigan Avenue and Lake Shore Drive. “I felt like I was Cinderella and this was the land of make believe.” As the oldest of four children and the only daughter, she was encouraged to cultivate more than her domestic skills — something that set her apart from other girls in the country’s patriarchal society, where 63 percent of women the cooking in our family, no one ever became heavy. Swedish portions were small, which makes a big difference in a daily diet. are married by age 18, according to government data. While most girls are taught to stay inside, taking care of the house and younger siblings, Dr Gelila said she was encouraged to spend her time reading and studying. Her grades were good enough to get into Jimma University in Ethiopia, where she entered a five-year program to become a physician. There, she saw girls barely in their teens having babies, and women dying from diseases and complications from labor that could have been prevented. “It opened my eyes. I realized how easily that could have been me,” she said. After graduation in 1998, the newly minted general practitioner spent five years as head of maternal and child’s health in Addis Ababa. If she was going to elevate the level of care, Dr Gelila realized she needed to acquire more business and administrative skills. She was accepted for a fellowship from the Gates and Packard Foundations for young leaders at the University of Washington, where she met an American graduate student Kenneth Divelbess. Their friendship soon blossomed into something more. “I told him I have no plans to marry or have children,” she recalls, “that I was focused on saving the world.” He followed her back to Ethiopia and changed her mind. They wed in 2004 and honeymooned in the groom’s hometown CONT`D FROM PAGE 19 of Juneau, Alaska. After earning her master’s degree in public health, she applied for an OB-GYN residency at Northwestern, unaware she was one of 900 vying for a mere 12 slots in the prestigious program. “I just saw the Northwestern part ... and thought it was in the Pacific Northwest,” she said. Milad recalled interviewing Dr Gelila and being impressed by the slight, young doctor from the other side of the world. “She articulated this desire to develop a partnership, which was very effective and very attractive to us as a department,” he said. “We had been sending residents all over the world — to Guatemala, Hong Kong, Honduras — but we were looking for a more sustainable relationship.” Northwestern’s Feinberg School of Medicine and Center for Global Health is investing USD 100,000 in the program, while Mekelle has contributed USD 386,000 and the IDP Foundation of Chicago has pitched in with a USD 25,000 grant. They are committed to the initiative through 2021 and hope to contribute some 20,000 training hours to this region over the next four years. The Northwestern team has made two visits to Ethiopia since October and left Monday for another trip. Milad marveled at how patients walked miles to be seen and at their overwhelming gratitude for the smallest intervention, such as an IV line. “I met a woman with diseased Fallopian www.thereporterethiopia.com Today, I live with my wife, Maya, in a 4,650-square-foot, four-story townhouse on a quiet block in Harlem. Maya is a fashion model who also is from Ethiopia. We met at a housewarming party in Harlem. Our home has five bedrooms, four bathrooms and a nicesize fenced garden that’s private. We look at it as a resting spot for us and a place to host a rotating cast of family and friends when they visit New York. Each year we visit Maya’s family in Ethiopia. There’s so much about the culture that I still need to know. Both of my sisters remained in Sweden, so each August, our families return to the Samuelsson weekend home in Smögen. The entire extended family gets together there for about two weeks. I do the cooking, of course. I love it. Ed.’s Note: The article first appeared on The Wall Street Journal. tubes who related what it was like to live with infertility — to be ostracized, beaten and threatened with divorce,” he said. “I was stuck by how I could make a difference ... even save a life. But it’s not just me. ... Everyone who has come over returns as a changed person.” The Northwestern delegation pays its own way to Ethiopia and uses vacation time. But it is “beneficial on so many levels,” Joan Tankou, a fourth-year medical student who traveled there in October, said. “It allowed me to experience medicine practiced in a resource-limited setting, where a lot of the diagnostic tools we have are not available,” Tankou said. “As a result, I learned alternative ways to evaluate patients, relying primarily on a thorough physical exam, a dying art in the U.S.” With creative minds working on scientific and technological breakthroughs, Dr Gelila envisions a collaboration so close that X-rays taken in Tigray can be read by doctors in Chicago; where every woman and newborn gets the same chance at a healthy life. She’s also relying on technology to keep her close on the homefront, using Skype to connect with her husband and children, staying on top of their schoolwork and activities. “I know I’ll be homesick ... that it will be a struggle,” she said. “But I also hope they understand ... that if I can make a change in just one person’s life, that’s a day worth living.” Ed.’s Note: The article first appeared on The Chicago Tribune. |35 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment REQUEST FOR EXPRESSION OF INTERST NATIONAL CONSULTANT TO PROVIDE TECHICAL ASSISTANCE ON THE STUDY OF CORRUPTION CAUSES IN RELATION TO CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR FOR FEDERAL ETHICS AND ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION (FEACC) suggestions/recommendations, o Provide strategic advice on effective of the study. o Facilitate the planning and follow-up progress meetings with the necessary stakeholders. o Provides trainings for major stake holders on the ¿nal document of the study. Background The government of Ethiopia recognizes corruption negatively affects the endeavor of meeting MDGs targets, and the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). So, the Government has shown a high level of commitment to ¿ght corruption and rent seeking. Outputs: United Nation Development Program has indicated its interest to support UNDP country of¿ce in Ethiopia to implement the sect oral approach to address governance bottlenecks, particularly corruption, as an integral part of the MDG programming. o Work plan and progress reports relating to the project study, o Monitoring and evaluation report on overall project progress, o The (draft and ¿nal) research study report. The Federal Ethics and Anti-corruption Commission has planned to conduct a national survey on corruption related to consultancy service in construction sector, with the budget granted to the Commission by UNDP of¿ce in Ethiopia. In order to undertake this study, the commission needs an individual consultant that can provide technical professional support to the commission for six months on contract bases. Scope of the service The individual consultant will work in support FEACC in exploring of the causes of corruption and fraudulent practices regarding consultancy The consultant will be responsible for providing FEACC with the following outputs: Location and Timeframe The assignment will be undertaken in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia but the consultant should travel to some selected regions on selected project site. The work is expected to be commenced in January 2014 and ¿nalized on July 30, 2015. The Consultants will work as a member of the study team of FEACC on a full-time basis, for four months. Selection Criteria service in construction sector of in Ethiopia. The assignment of the consultant will be: ¾MSC/BSC degree in civil Engineering or other relevant ¿elds, x Advise the task forces established in the commission in the study process, ¾Work experience 6 years for MSC and 8 years for BA degree in construction sector, x In collaboration with the ad hoc team (task forces established) in the FEACC, ¾experience in research and providing training in construction sector, o o Review action data collection instruments and budget allocation of the study, Design the extent of the scope of the study and identify data collection sites/ areas and stakeholders.. o Identify stakeholders and design the frame the extent and approach of the stakeholders involvement in providing basic factual information for the study, o Prepare detail proposal including research tools and methodology of the study, ¾Strong project management and monitoring and evaluation skills, ¾Good oral and written communication skills in both Amaharic and English, are advantageous Payment Negotiable and should be compatible with quali¿cation and previous work experience of the applicant. Applications Interested consultants shall submit their non-returnable application, Participate in the whole process of the study (data collection and documentation) with FEACC Team members, CV, and copies of all necessary documents, within 7 working o Participate in the data analysis and report writing, Prevention Directorate in the Federal Ethics and Anti-corruption o Support the commission in drawing of conclusion and Commission, 8th Floor, Room No 814, or send to P.O.Box 34798. o days from the ¿rst announcement on Newspaper, to Corruption Federal Ethics and Anti-corruption Commission Address, Kirkos Sub-City, Legahar, in front of ex-Nethret Bus-Station, FEACC Building Tel:- 0115 533843, 0115 527787 0115 529100 ex-307 www.thereporterethiopia.com 36| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment Vacancy announcement Ethiopian Electronics Pvt. Ltd. Co. (PHILIPS) would like to ¿ll the IollowinJ vacant position with Tuali¿ed and coPpetent Vacancy Announcement applicant: ConsortiuP oI Christian 5elieI and 'evelopPent $ssociation (CC5'$)C25E *roup 1. Position Polio ProMect (C*PP) and 7he International 9accine Institute (I9I) aJreed to collaEorate on a proMect entitled ³PuElic Health InIorPation CaPpaiJn to Enhance IPPuni]ation´ in SALES PERSON 4uali¿cation 'iploPa in 0arketinJ Àuent in EnJlish Salar\ $s per the coPpan\ sales E[perience $dvantaJeous 2. Position oI the proMect: IMPORT ASSISTANT 4uali¿cation %$ deJree in 0anaJePent 0arketinJ or other discipline IroP recoJni]ed universit\ or colleJe E[perience Salar\ 2roPia 5eJional State SandaIa :oreda. 7he proMect is Iunded E\ L* Electronics. In this relation CC5'$C*PPI9I would like to recruit a coPPunication consultant on contract part tiPe Easis. 7hereIore potential applicants are invited to ¿ll the IollowinJ positions Position Title: Number required: CoPPunication Consultant 2ne () Reports to: C*PP Secretariat 'irector Required .noZledge, SNills and Abilities: - PostJraduate deJree or ¿rst deJree health education or coPPunication or siPilar Tuali¿cation 5eTuired - 0iniPuP oI 7wo \ears workinJ e[perience - in related ¿eld - $s per coPpan\ sales - Ethiopia Electronics Pvt. Ltd. Co. (ETHELCO) Ledta. Philips Building Personnel Department - OI¿ce No. Tel. No. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - $t least \ears e[perience in coPPunicationsIEC social PoEili]ation with previous e[perience oI health related proJraP such as iPPuni]ation E[cellent writinJ and editinJ skills in EnJlish 2roPiIa and $Pharic as well as e[cellent oral coPPunication skills. StronJ knowledJe and skills in coPputer application proJraP and aEilit\ to work independently Partnership e[perience with proJraPs supported Ey international and local 1*2s )ederal 0inistry oI Health reJional health Eureaus and woreda health oI¿ces and Eilateral and Pultilateral aJencies such as )0oH 8S$I' :H2 81ICE) E[perience workinJ in iPPuni]ation caPpaiJns on social PoEili]ation activities and conductinJ surveys. *ood interpersonal skill 2rJani]ational skill Major Duties and Responsibilities: - )ollow up the production oI video posters leaÀets and other MoE aids on IPPuni]ation in $Pharic and 2roPiIIa. - IMMEDIATE VACANCY 'EP$570E17: HuPan 5esources 'epartPent P2SI7I21: $dPinistrative $ssistant -oE 1uPEer: H27== - $s a HuPan resources $dPinistrative $ssistant <ou will Ee responsiEle Ior PanaJinJ H5 adPinistration responsiEilities to deliver an e[cellent teaP e[perience. $ HuPan resource adPinistrative assistant would also Ee reTuired to interIace with Hilton¶s systeP Paintains dataEase and supports ePployee relations. Speci¿cally you will Ee responsiEle Ior perIorPinJ the IollowinJ tasks to the hiJhest standards: x 0anaJe H5 adPinistration such as contracts letters and personnel ¿les x Ensure accurate inIorPation is Ied into the Hotel¶s data Ease x $ssist with ePployee relations issues in the hotel in a con¿dential Panner includinJ disciplinary and Jrievances issues x Ensure recruitPent and selection process is adhered to the coPpany¶s Policy and ensure that appropriate checks are carried out as reTuired x Help achieve departPental Joals x SupportinJ the hotel with departPental traininJ reTuirePents includinJ inductions work e[perience careers Iairs and traininJ Paterials x $ssist and resolve teaP PePEer and PanaJePent Tueries E'8C$7I21$L E;PE5IE1CE 5E48I5E0E17S x %$ 'eJree in 2I¿ce PanaJePent and Secretarial science plus two years oI e[perience in related ¿elds x Positive attitude x *ood coPPunication and people PanaJePent skills x CoPPitted to deliverinJ a hiJh level oI custoPer service Eoth internally and e[ternally x E[cellent JrooPinJ standards x )le[iEility to respond to a ranJe oI diIIerent work situations x $Eility to work under pressure x $Eility to work on their own or in teaPs x 27HE5 C21SI'E5$7I21S: x .nowledJe oI hospitality industry Interested applicants are reTuested to apply online Ey usinJ the IollowinJ link https:hilton. taleo.netcareersectionPeaBe[ternalMoEsearch.Itl search the post insertinJ the -oE 1uPEer H27== - )ield test MoE aids and ¿nali]e Conduct puElic awareness caPpaiJns on IPPuni]ation aPonJ the coPPunity in the proMect area such as School children teachers parents and coPPunity PePEers Conduct outreach Ey holdinJ a stakeholders¶ PeetinJ to enhance iPPuni]ation and visit selected schools and distriEute appropriate MoE aids to children and people in coPPunities. 0ake sure the availaEility and distriEute hyJiene kits such as soap and Eucket to students Ior use in their households )reTuent Iollow up and support to the proMect area SuEPit Ponthly activity report oI the overall proJress oI the proMect and ¿nal proMect report to the C*PP 'evelop pre and ¿nal .$P survey tools. :ork closely with reJional ]onal and district health Eureaus oI Ethiopian JovernPent and other relevant JovernPent Eodies Participate in Jroup teleconIerence calls andor IacetoIace PeetinJs convened Ey I9I andor L* Electronics (Seoul headTuarters or Ethiopia Eranch oI¿ce) Terms of employment: 1ine Ponth contract as parttiPer Ior three days a week. :orkinJ hours per day is neJotiaEle Duty station: $ddis $EaEa with IreTuent ¿eld visit Salary: 1eJotiaEle 4uali¿ed candidates are invited to suEPit their application letter C9 Contact $ddresses Ior three reIerences and copies oI supportive docuPents (non returnaEle) within ten workinJ days IroP the appearance oI this announcePent to: Consortium of Christian Relief and Development Associations (CCRDA) P.O.Bo[ Addis Ababa 2r can apply in person to 5ooP 1o CC5'$ 2I¿ce which is located 'eEre =eit 5oad .ality in Iront oI 'rivers and 0echanics 7raininJ Center )or Iurther details: 7elephone. e[t. N.B. Only Short-listed applicants will be contacted www.thereporterethiopia.com |37 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment www.thereporterethiopia.com 38| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 By Leyou Tameru @anchihoye BitsΎ & ΎPieces Preparing for the future! I have been thinking a lot about education lately. In Ethiopia, as well as most developing countries, education is a prized possession. Especially the higher one goes in her education, the more she gets respect in the community. Yet things seem to be changing. With the exception of certain professions that require some sort of licensing, many of the other fields are opening up to those with more talent and less higher degrees. I’m referring of fields such as business or IT related work, it is no longer about whether someone has a degree in software management but whether she can actually design a software, code a program etc… Adding to this, I have come across many who have doctoral degrees in a social science field, have been having a hard time finding jobs because they are considered to be “overqualified”. In a way I keep noticing that the more the work/field is practical, the less formal education seems to be a factor. Does this mean that the job market is finally reflecting the fact that curricula taught in school is not paying much attention to practice? In all honesty, I think so. The more I look at what we are taught in schools versus what is happening and what is needed, the more I realize how out of date our curricula are. In a way, I’m feeling that we are being taught 19th century curricula to face a 21st century world. Gone are the days where one can be guaranteed a desk job because she has a higher degree from some university. The number of those who are qualified has grown so much that degrees are no longer a factor that make one unique. In fact, the knowledge base is pretty much the same, what separates one from the crowd is how one applies that knowledge base, ones personality, talents, network. This is very key! The reason one will succeed in job search, business or other ventures is not because she has better grades. And grading is the way that we measure and reward ones level of understanding while in school. More often than not, the exams given to students are testing ones capability to rehash what was written on the notebook instead of her capacity to use and contextualize what she has learned and relate it to the real world. At the end of the day is about theory and practice. It’s not that there isn’t a need for someone to theorize trends and movements in a certain practical field, but rather that those who are training to do it are too far removed from the practice. The walls between academic and practice need to come down. As a matter of fact, we need to realize that there is a mutual dependency between these two. You cannot theorize what doesn’t exist, and you cannot move forward without theorizing on what has happened and what is happening. It is high time that we bring our realities into the classroom rather than perpetuating the not so real distinction between education books and our lives. We should not be going to school to learn about things that do not exist but to learn about how we and the rest of the world are. Math, Physics, history and art are all studies of existing realities, and we need to teach them as such. As we are teaching the youth and preparing for the future we must keep in mind the importance of making them aware of the world they live in, how they can use what they learn and are passionate about can help them change lives, their own or others. We need to remind them that a classroom is not just a place to learn about books but to learn from the experiences and realities of others. I believe that the more we make our curricula contextualized and focused on personal experiences, the more we will succeed in preparing a generation that will solve its own problems! Ed.’s Note: Leyou Tameru is a graduate of Georgetown and Addis Ababa University Law schools, specializing in International Legal Studies. Born and raised in Addis Ababa, she seeks to understand the impact of economic, political and social issues on everyday lives. She can be reached at [email protected] When the smoke... tobacco are numerous. Health experts say tobacco contains more than 60 carcinogens. Tobacco smoking also causes cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The health risks are not limited to smokers only as second hand smokers also continue to pay the price. It is said tobacco kills one in two of its long-term smokers. Globally, death caused by tobacco is more than deaths caused by TB, HIV and malaria combined. Although there is no available data that show the number of deaths caused by the use of tobacco, the reality in Ethiopia is still grim. “Tobacco is becoming a growing factor in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia,” Dereje told The Reporter. Enforcing the directive is mainly left to the EFMHACA at the federal level. And Dereje says it would be relatively easier to enforce sections of the directive dealing with entry to market, packaging and labeling as well as advertisements and promotions. But the section dealing with tobacco smoke exposure and sale requires the participation of the wider public. The law mandates owners of public places as well as employers to enforce this section CONT`D FROM PAGE 6 of the law. “They are enforcement agents with legal responsibilities,” Dereje told The Reporter. These public places are required to put out signs that forbid smoking, prevent people from smoking outside the designated areas, and avoid practices such as placing ashtrays. Failure to do so entails fines and other administrative measures including suspension of business license in grave cases. But the law does not prescribe penalties on smokers found in violation of the directive. Parties reject... CONT`D FROM PAGE 3 Though the chairperson of the board had said this puts a fixed term for the parties to come up with their solution, leaders of the party severely criticized the deadline and called the decision more of political than administrative. since their representatives were in attendance in the general assembly meeting of the party that brought the current leadership into power. Therefore, the problem lies with the Board and not us,” the president added. Mamushet Amare, President of the AEUP, in a press conference that he held in the party’s headquarter located around Tewodros Square, told journalists, “This notice made by the Board is intentionally aimed at creating havoc in the party and also aimed at weakening the party not to participate in the upcoming general election.” By the same token, Asrat Abreha, acting head of public relation for UDJ told The Reporter, “The decision is highly politically motivated and in this regard, UDJ has called its general assembly for the weekend to discuss on the issue and the way forward.” He further said that due to this problem, the party called its general assembly to discuss and inform its members about the situation which will be conducted this weekend. “So far, our activity is based on all legal grounds, and the problem that the board raised is baseless “This is such a trivial decision that puts the credibility of the Board in question, and the party is ready to tell all the details for the public to prepare itself for the next level of struggle,” he said. Both leaders said that the next decisions will be taken after the board has made it clear what its decisions would be after the fixed deadline. Wonji-Shoa Sugar... Metehara Sugar Factory. Zenebe Yimam, general manager of the factory, said there is a stockpile of 72,000 quintals of sugar waiting for distribution. However, MEWIT insists it has been distributing sugar according to the time table it has set out. “Out of the 395,000 quintals we are expected to distribute in four months we have distributed more than 70 percent so far. We still have a month to go at which time we will transport the rest,” Gemeda Alemi, general manager of MEWIT, told The Reporter. Despite the government ambition to realize CONT`D FROM PAGE 3 competitive sugar industry, sugar is still one of the commodities that majority of the people hardly find in the market. According to factory managers, the three fully functional sugar factories found in Wonji, Metahara and Finhca are inadequate to meet the domestic demand. But the domestic market can expect a boost when Tendaho, whose construction has been completed, enters production. Established in 1951 in the reign of Emperor Haileselassie after a lease agreement was signed with H.V.A, Dutch company, Wonji had been the only sugar factory that supplied sugar for the entire nation until Metahara Sugar was founded a decade later in the central Rift Valley South-East Shoa. The construction of ,000 of these houses is also percent complete and will be ready for delivery in the coming February. Whereas, ,000 houses are planned to be delivered by the coming April. Gov’t downplays... market” Mekuria told MPs. In his five-month performance report, the minister also highlighted the progress of the government housing development project in Addis Ababa, According to Mekuria, the construction of 159,213 houses is already underway, out of which 120,712 is for 20/80, 24,288 for 10/90 and the remaining 14,213 is for 40/60 housing schemes. www.thereporterethiopia.com CONT`D FROM PAGE 4 The construction of 35,000 of these houses is also 91 percent complete and will be ready for delivery in the coming February. Whereas, 39,000 houses are planned to be delivered by the coming April. The Minister responded to questions raised by the Members of the House on credit services, construction problems, the high price of urban land lease, foreign and local contractors’ relations, dry waste removal and sewerage services, among others. |39 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Ministry suspends... Japan-funded... CONT`D FROM PAGE 4 Ethiopian geologists are jointly working to learn about the types of the existing minerals. The cost of the exploration project is covered by the Chinese government. However, Ethiopian and foreign mining companies are not happy about this project. They are wary of the Chinese move saying that this gives comparative advantage for Chinese mining firms. The Ministry of Mines, Public Relations and Communication Directorate director, Bacha Fuji, told The Reporter that the Ethiopian and Chinese geological survey institutes are assessing the mineral potential of the area for the past two years. “They are collecting useful geological data. They are adding value to the concession. Hence, the Mineral Licensing and Administration Directorate will not process exploration license applications until the joint study is finalized,” Bacha said. However, he said the Ministry will avail the crucial geological data for all local and foreign mining firms once the joint study is finalized. “Apart from the concession area held by the joint study other concessions are open for interested local and foreign investors,” Bacha said. The Ministry of Mines recently introduced a stringent mineral exploration licensing procedures. It has also evaluated the performance of companies engaged in mineral exploration activities and revoked 56 companies licenses who failed to execute exploration work according to their commitments. CONT`D FROM PAGE 4 required for this project. In fact, no financial details of this project has been disclosed thus far. On the other hand, the trunk road construction which stretches down from the capital to the town of Debremarkos, some 300 km to the north of Addis Ababa, is also the other project that is lagging behind schedule. The road project, which was started in 1998 with a grant aid that was made available by the Japanese government, is stifled by another natural factor that is widely observed in the area. The delay this time is related to the recurrent landslide which happens following the rainy season at the Abay Gorge, Kimyaki explained. In spite of this the rehabilitation of the road is set to be finalized by this year. So far, some USD 42 million has been allocated for the project, the chief representative said. On the other hand, the newlyconstructed bridge, on the road that links Addis to Djibouti, is expected to be inaugurated soon, it was learnt. The 230 million birr bridge project is among the most typical infrastructure projects that JICA finances and has been financing in Ethiopia. The project is quite important since it facilitates the movement of goods and services along the Djibouti corridor, the import-export lifeline of Ethiopia. In a related news, JICA is set to introduce rice plantation projects in Ethiopia. Kimyaki was bold in stating that Ethiopia has never been able to utilize its wetlands. Hence, the import of rice has been increasing from time to time. And, as a result, following some agronomical and marketing Unregulated... The Reporter witnessed mishandling of the products, which is also one of the obligations penned in the proclamation. According to the existing legislation, no person shall transport and sell raw hide and skin to areas that are not approved. Amakelew Yimam, Director of Communication Directorate at the Ministry of Trade told The Reporter that there are no improvements with regards to regulating the marketing of raw hide and skin. “Now, the Ministry studies, JICA plans to expand into rice plantations in Ethiopia. According to Kimyaki, the town of Fogera in the Amhara Regional State is chosen to be a pilot project site for the rice promotion project which will remain for the coming five years in the area. In related news, an advanced level of the Japanese quality and productivity improvement –Kaizen –will continue to be implemented for the coming five years in the major industrial and academic communities in Ethiopia. The four-year scholarship program called Africa Business Education (ABE initiative) plans to send 1,000 selected African youths to Japan to enable them attend Master’s level education and internships at some Japanese companies. The first batch of 23 Ethiopian students recently left for Japan. On average, 25 Ethiopian students will be receiving the scholarships extended by the Japanese government. CONT`D FROM PAGE 5 is primed to start implementation,” he said. He also told The Reporter that the Ministry has delegated the implementation tasks to regions. “We are undertaking several activities that will enable it fully implement the proclamation to regulate the market,” he said. Advertisment Bid Invitation For international bidders (Tender Nr. FPCSFR11) 1. National Tobacco Enterprise (Ethiopia) S.C invites sealed bids from internationally renowned and reputable companies for the procurement of consultancy service for preparation of detailed Engineering Design & supervision of Construction, Relocation, Rehabilitation, Installation and commissioning of a Cigarette factory in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2. Interested eligible bidders can obtain the complete set of the tender document from the address as state hereunder: Supply Department Room No. 118 National Tobacco Enterprise (Ethiopia) S.C Roosevelt Street, in front of African Union Headquarter P.O.BOX 552 or 5658 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Telephone 251-011-552 11 70/5518982/5513732 Fax: 251 115 517846 or 251115528590 E-mail: [email protected] or nte_yahoo.com 3. All wax sealed bid proposals must be delivered to the cited address on or before February 19,2015 at 10:15 an (local time). Bids presented by any bidder after the closing date shall not be accepted. 4. Bids received in time and Àuf¿ng formalities shall be opened in the presence of interested bidders or their legal representative at 10:30 Am (local time) on the same date. 5. National Tobacco Enterprise (Ethiopia) S.C reserves the right to accept or reject any or al bids. National Tobacco Enterprise (EtKiopia) S.C Addis Ababa, EtKiopia. MAKAKA GENERAL BUSINESS P.L.C Loss of bill of loading Our company, Makaka General Business PLC addresses Ethiopia. Addis Ababa Lideta subcity woreda 4 House No. 493/01 declared that it has lost original bill of loading No. PKIIB200000. Therefore, if there is any party has hold such bill of loading such party can present otherwise we kindly request the release of property without the bill of loading. www.thereporterethiopia.com 40| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Flag carrier... operators and other stakeholders to the urgent consultative meeting held yesterday at the authority’s auditorium. Two members of the Parliament’s Transport Affairs Standing Committee attended the consultative meeting. Most of the private airlines expressed their discontent over Ethiopian new business plan to provide premium charter flight services. The national flag carrier is contemplating to provide high end comfortable charter and scheduled flight services with light aircraft that each has 10-20 seats. The airline is planning to buy about 50 light aircraft. Amare Gebrehanna (Capt.), deputy managing director of Abyssinian Flight Services, said that the general aviation sector in Ethiopia is at its infant stage. Amare said the sector gets little support from the government. “It is only recently that the ECAA and the Ethiopian Airports Enterprise (EAE) started supporting the sector. And recently for the first time scheduled flight service license is granted to a private operator,” Amare said. Amare went on to say that Ethiopian Airlines is an international airline that competes globally. He said that he surprised to read on The Reporter newspaper that the national airline is to provide charter flight service with light aircraft. “What is the purpose of venturing into general aviation business? Is it to eliminate the existing infant general aviation sector? Is it the airline’s business strategy or is it a government strategy?” Amare inquired. Terefe Haile (Capt.), general manager of Trans Nation Airways (TNA), a subsidiary company of MIDROC Technology Group, said that following the government’s decision to push the seat limits on aircraft that private airlines can operate from 20 to 50 his company launched scheduled domestic flight service. “We are the first company to launch domestic scheduled flight service. We are making history and we labored a lot to achieve this.” Terefe said that Ethiopian Airlines is growing fast and everybody is proud of the growth. However, he said, it is not only about Ethiopian Airlines that one should think of when speaking about the growth of aviation in Ethiopia. CONT`D FROM PAGE 1 “There are only three or four of us (private airlines) actively engaged in the general aviation sector in Ethiopia. We are very small. While this is the case I am confused to read that Ethiopian Airlines is to deploy 50 light aircraft to provide charter flight service. If this is true we cannot compete with the prominent Ethiopian Airlines. So we will salute them and walk out of the business.” TNA launched scheduled flight service to Bahir Dar, Gondar and Humera last November. Terefe said that his company undertaken a feasibility study before commencing domestic scheduled service and identified the gaps in the domestic flight market. “So we started operation with the view of closing the gap. But when TNA is about to commence the domestic flight service Ethiopian started to fly to Humera, Bale, and Assosa. They recommenced operation to domestic routes which they ignored for years. Is it business competition or is it a strategy to eliminate us? We are confused,” he lamented. Terefe went on to say that ECAA which always provides prompt service to TNA granted only a temporary license valid for only three month. “As an airline how can we plan for three months? And if Ethiopian is going to start charter flight service with 50 aircraft how can we plan for the future?” Owner and managing director of National Airways, Abera Lemi (Capt.), said that Ethiopian Airlines as a business company can engage in any type of business. However, he said, he wants to know if it is the airline’s move or if it was the government’s plan. “We often hear the Prime Minister saying that the government involves in business sectors where the private sector is unable to engage in. Does the government wants us to thrive or not? We want to know this. We do not think that the government wants ET to venture into the general aviation sector.” Abera said that if Ethiopian is to venture into general aviation then the government should lift the seat limitation that it imposed on private airlines. Henock Tefera, Ethiopian VP for Corporate Strategy, Communication and Alliances said that what has been reported about Ethiopian move to commence premium charter flight service is accurate. Henock said that Ethiopian Airlines for the first time became the largest carrier in Africa. “Today Ethiopian is the largest cargo operator in Africa. It is building a state-of-the-art cargo terminal at a cost of 110 million euros. Ethiopian serves 84 international destinations across the globe. These achievements are realized by a hard work of a dedicated management team and staff of the airline.” Henock said that Ethiopian considers aviation as enabler adding that Ethiopian plays its role in expanding tourism and trade. “The government tasked us with availing even air transport service throughout the country. The government wants us to support the export trade business. We positively contribute to the country’s GDP growth.” Henock told participants that with the view of availing air transport service in all the regions Ethiopian is opening up new domestic routes in different parts of the country. “This is clearly set in our Vision 2025 growth strategy. We now have 20 domestic routes and will increase it to 26 in the coming years. This has to be clear. So it is totally wrong to say that Ethiopian started flights to Humera, Bale and Assosa when TNA is about to commence scheduled operation.” According to Henock, considering the fast economic growth of the country, Ethiopian has undertaken a study on the domestic charter flight service market. “We have identified a viable market potential. We have been providing charter flight service for the past many years but now we want to strengthen it. The tourism sector is growing and there is also a need for air ambulance service. We want to augment the growth of the tourism sector. We want satisfy the demand. Henock went on to say that the objective of the airline is to provide air transport service to the public. He said when it comes to domestic service it is not the market that governs the airline fares. “We are not governed by the market. We consider the public’s purchasing power when we set fares. We have a national obligation set by the government to avail affordable air transport service to the public.” He also said the airline does not consider the local private airlines as competitors adding that the national airline’s competitors are the international ones. Tekle Geberyohannes, Ethiopian Addis Ababa Hub Director, on his part said that Ethiopian does not consider any one as an enemy. Tekle said when Ethiopian flights to Bahir Dar, Gondar and Humera are full it remands passenger to TNA. “As a business company we should pass our customers to other airline. But since we value our customers we send them to TNA. Why should we offer passengers to TNA if we want to eliminate private operators?” he asked. Director general of ECAA, Wossenyeleh Hunegnaw (Col.), said that there is no proclamation that prohibits Ethiopian not to provide domestic charter flight service. Wossenyeleh said that Ethiopian has been providing domestic scheduled flight service for the past many years. “There is no one who can stop Ethiopian from providing domestic flight service. The government will not prohibit Ethiopian from providing domestic charter flight service. It is not appropriate to say that I will walk out if Ethiopian is going to do this and that. Private airlines should compete. The question that should be asked is about level playing field. The government supports the national flag carrier. But it is not at the expense of private operators. We have to make sure that there is a fair competition.” With regards to the seat limit Wossenyeleh said that it was a policy issue. “A national air transport policy is in the pipeline and this is something that will be addressed in the aviation policy.” The private airlines have complained about airport services which were addressed by representatives of Ethiopian Airports Enterprise and Ethiopian Airlines. Wossenyeleh told the audience that ECAA will forward some of the questions raised by the private operators to government officials in the higher echelon. “We are not accepting such decisions since an apology is not offered lightly, and also there is no legal ground based on which the Board can demand a letter of apology from one single party”. Board demands... During a press conference that was held at the head office of the Board on Thursday, Public Relations Directorate director of the Board, Demesew Benti, said that the Board reached the decision based on the amended electoral law of Ethiopia, specifically proclamation No. 532/2007. And further stated that the decision of the Board that is to demand a formal letter of apology was based on articles 102(4) a, b, c and (6) c of the proclamation, which states election code of conduct. Demesew added that article 102(4) of the proclamation reads “Any political party or candidate shall a) recognize CONT`D FROM PAGE 1 the authority of the Board and respect its orders and directives b) establish good relations with the Board and other political organizations running for election and c) cooperate with the Board in complaints screening or investigation activities.” Apart from this, sub article 6 of the same article states, “During the election, no political organization or candidate shall make false accusation or publish defamatory writings or make a speech of such nature.” He further added that since the party is intensifying rumors and false accusations on the Board against the articles of the proclamation the Board demands a letter of apology and fixed a deadline by January 12. Yonatan Tesafaye, head of Public Relation of the party, told The Reporter that his party perceived the decision as not a formal stand of the Board, but rather a manifestation of how the role of the ruling party is mounting in the Board. And hence, he said, “We are not accepting such decisions since an apology is not offered lightly, and also there is no legal ground based on www.thereporterethiopia.com which the Board can demand a letter of apology from one single party”. “We were telling the Board to focus on other issues than the time table and the allocation of funds in the previous meetings and walked out of the meetings because our agenda was not on the table for discussion,” he told The Reporter. He also said that if the Board is offended, demanding an apology is not a formal solution, however calling for a discussion to sort out the problem is. “Demanding a letter of apology is highly informal and did not bring lasting solution to the problems and at the same time, it is also undermines both the country and the political process,” he concluded. LEISURE|41 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Crossword ACROSS 1. Often for medication 4. Pad 7. A hard return hitting the ball above your head 12. S American wood sorrel 13. Environmental Protection Agency 14. Manila hemp 15. Seaman 17. Wrap 18. Deviating from the familiar or customary 19. A pituitary hormone 21. Many not ands 22. Supernatural force 24. Political action committee 25. Leg joint 26. Be in debt 27. Castanet 29. Risk taker 31. “Pulling” a boat through water 35. Conditions of balance 37. Thai 38. A waterproof raincoat made of rubberized fabric 41. Father 42. Fixed charges 43. They __ 44. The 13th letter of the Hebrew alphabet 45. Flower petals Kuncho Komments Oh Kuncho! What the heck are you doing? 46. The deep vascular inner layer of the skin 48. Intellectual sustenance 52. Soul 53. Brew 54. __ Corporation, makes steel 55. An official who carries a mace of office 56. A quantity of no importance 57. Affirmative (slang) DOWN 1. Noun suffix denoting territory 2. Alias 3. A member of the British order of honor 4. Repair 5. Person who resembles a non-human primate 6. Dragon 7. A band of material around the waist that strengthens a skirt or trousersv 8. Business degree 9. Moses’ elder brother (Bible) 10. Cause to lose courage 11. Guild of merchants 16. Potato state, abbr. 20. Made afraid; thrown into a fright 22. An association of criminals 23. Reverence 24. A ceremonial procession 25. Siouan language What does it look like? I’m giving the computer a piece of my mind. Your Zodiacs ARIES (Mar. 21- April 20) For the next couple of weeks you need to drive within the speed limit or you may end up with a costly ticket. This is especially true over next weekend. Be careful what you commit to writing because it could cause you trouble later and your reputation could suffer. On Monday and Tuesday you could be very charming in order to get your own way or to get a price break on something you want. This week lucky numbers are: 11, 53, 71, 5, 28 TAURUS (Apr. 21- may 21) What are you saying? 27. Witty remark 28. Elongated head with loosely packed dark-green leaves 30. Expression of disappointment 32. Idyllic 33. No (Scottish) 34. World data organization, abbr. 36. Chinese boat 38. A woman of refinement 39. An enclosed space used for public entertainments 40. Contains cerium 42. An acute highly contagious viral disease 44. Picasso’s mistress 45. Cain and __ 47. Woman (French) 49. Caliph 50. Shoshonean language 51. The player judged to be the most important to the sport Well! I was playing chess with it and it proved to be unbeatable. So why should you kicking it? US Box office 1 The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies 2 Into the Woods 3 Unbroken 4 The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death 5 Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb 6 Annie 7 The Imitation Game 8 The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1 9 The Gambler 10 Big Hero 6 (astrology-online.com) CANCER (June 22-July 22) You have to accommodate some family members this week and may be called on to help throughout the month. You are spending a little more than you planned on gifts, etc. so shop around for better prices. You have a social obligation this next weekend that you really do not want to attend. %owever, you need to buy a new outłt and go anyway. You will be surprised at how much you will enjoy yourself. This week lucky numbers are: 97, 16, 83, 25, 2 LIBRA (Sept. 24 -Oct. 23) CAPRICORN (Dec 22.- Jan. 20) If you put some extra effort into whatever you do this month you should be successful. You have some good ideas now and once cleared with the boss they should be put to use. Your success for the next year is going to depend solely on you. This means if you do not try, you cannot succeed. You will have to make your own chances. This week lucky numbers are: 86, 38, 7, 66, 2 You are soon going to be taking a good look at your life to see what new direction you wish to take. This is a rather sobering experience as you realize just how important your decisions over the next two years are going to affect you. Meanwhile new friends are important so get out of the house and meet them! The weekend should bring you into the orbit of someone exciting to accept all invitations and keep your eyes open. This week lucky numbers are: 74, 47, 46, 11, 41 AQUARIUS (Jan. 21 -Feb. 19) LEO (July 23-Aug 22) You will feel as though a burden has been lifted. Certainly there should be a lessening of responsibilities this week. Now you need to pay attention to income and perhaps some long term investments. Extra money coming your way this next weekend. A family gathering is in the offering and you may surprise everyone and actually enjoy it. This week lucky numbers are: 56, 27, 96, 40, 37 The pace is still a little hectic even for you but you are loving every minute of it. More family visits are still around the corner so keep your energy up to par. Meeting new people seems to be on the agenda for next weekend with a cookout or party planned. (Could be a family reunion). Introductions to new family members are at hand also and you will make a good impression. This week lucky numbers are: 11, 39, 47, 45, 10 SCORPIO (Oct. 24 - Nov. 22) GEMINI (May 22-June 21) VIRGO (Aug. 23 -Sept. 23) SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 23 -Dec. 21) You have to adjust your schedule to accommodate others this week but if you do so with a good heart, your popularity could soar. Invitations are coming from unexpected sources and not surprisingly, you will have a good time. Most things are out of your hands right now but your enthusiasm will carry you throughout it all. A gathering next weekend could introduce you to someone important. This week lucky numbers are: 34, 56, 26, 69, 23 I admit, the computer beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing. Family gatherings are being planned and you are right in the middle of it all. Looks like you have thought of everything and everyone will have a good time. You are going to make an excellent impression on all your relatives, especially those from a distance. You may start thinking of building an addition onto your home and this year seems the best time to have it done. This week lucky numbers are: 15, 49, 88, 78, 96 If you have been waiting to meet “Mister or Miss Right”, this weekend should prove interesting. You may not realize he/she is the one until later so take notes and phone numbers. Act enthusiastic even though you do not feel like it. That way at least you will leave a good impression for later. You are going to be building something permanent this year. This week lucky numbers are: 4, 41, 40, 51, 20 The lifting of an obligation or responsibility should make you feel more light hearted now. Some accommodation still has to be made to these old duties but still, everything lightens up for you now. An entertaining weekend is coming up with friends but you seem to be the one doing all the work. Still, a new outłt is needed to make the right impression. This week lucky numbers are: 41, 61, 83, 77, 82 SPOT THE DIFFERENCES Can you spot the 12 differences between the two pictures? www.thereporterethiopia.com Solution Visits to and from family members keeps you going this month even though you feel less than enthused this week. Next week is better. You feel irritated this week and may feel like picking an argument with anyone around you. This is not a good time to gamble or take a chance. Be careful driving because you tend to go too fast this month and could get a speeding ticket with a hefty łne attached. This week lucky numbers are: 74, 39, 91, 98, 97 PISCES (Feb. 20-Mar. 20) New responsibilities are headed your way. Be careful of what you take on, these new duties will last approximately two years. Get out and about as much as possible and keep your eyes open, you could meet that special someone this week. You will need a new outłt for next weekend when you are invited to a special occasion. Something colorful will put you in the right mood. This week lucky numbers are: 7, 61, 34, 16, 3 Solution 42|THE REPORTER SPORT The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Genna is also the name of a hockey-like game which is said to have been played by the shepherds when they heard of the birth of Christ. Genna sports out second and third clocking 35 and 40 minutes respectively. By Dawit Tolesa Ethiopia celebrated Christmas, locally known as Genna, on January 7. Aside from the holiday festivities of foods and visiting relatives, Genna has also been an occasion to participate in various traditional sports activities such as polo in Janmeda. Genna is also the name of the hockey-like game which is said to have been played by shepherds when they heard of the birth of Christ. In hunting competition, Abay Tadese (39.44 minutes) from Baldars Club, Ahmed Sami (39.82 minutes) from Italian Embassy and Shumet Sebahat (40.08 minutes) from the Major General Hayelom Araya Military Academy became the winners. “One of our highly prized assets in Ethiopia is our cultural heritages. This holiday games also have the potential to become a source of income from tourism”. Solomon Tadesse, CEO of Ethiopian Tourism Organization, told The Reporter. This year was no exception as thousands had gathered at Janmeda on Wednesday to be a part of the annual occasion. The sporting activities included games like polo, horseback hunting and open jumping. Gemechu Desta, who participated in the polo sport, said the occasion is not getting the support it needs from all stakeholders. Genna is also the name of a hockey-like game which is said to have been played by the shepherds when they heard of the birth of Christ. The objectives of feres gugs (polo) is to score goals against an opposing team, players score by driving a small white plastic or wooden ball into the opposing teams goal using a long-handled mallet. This traditional sport of polo is played at speed on a large grass field up to 300 yards (274 meters) long by 160 yards (146 meters) wide and each team consists of four riders and their mounts. Four polo clubs participated at this year’s sporting event. First in line were Janmeda A vs Jan Meda B. The twenty- Feres gugs (polo) is a hockey like-game where players score by driving a small white plastic or wooden ball into the opposing goal siting on a horseback. minute showpiece ended with Janmeda B coming out at the top with a 3-1 win. Next in line were Addis Ababa Police Club vs. Major General Hayelom Araya Military Acadamy which the former won in a similar 3-1 score line in penalty shootouts. In open jumping competition, nine clubs participated including Major General Hayelom Araya Military Academy, Addis Ababa Police, Baldaras Club, Addis Ababa Society Club, Frighters, Pony Club, Italian Embassy, British Embassy and Equestrian Club. Ashenafe Bekele of Addis Ababa Society won clocking 34.12 minutes. Ahmed Sami from the Italian Embassy and Habtamu Alem from Major General Hayelom Araya Military Academy came Kenenisa to run in star-studded London Marahon “Wilson is familiar with our course and showed last year why he is already regarded as one of the greatest marathon runners of all time. But Dennis arrives as a history-maker after making headlines around the world a few months ago,” Brasher said. Olympic and world 10,000 and 5,000m champion and world record holder Kenenisa Bekele is scheduled to take part in London Marathon in April. Prior to that Kenenisa will run in the Dubai Marathon on January 23. Kenenisa made a very successful debut at the Paris Marathon in April 2014 smashing both the course record and the debut marathon times of past legends Haile Gebreselassie, Paul Tergat and Samuel Wanjiru clocking 2:05:04, the sixth-fastest marathon debut. His second marathon was disappointing as he finished fourth in Chicago in October last year. Kenenisa, the greatest track runner of all time, will battle it out with the Kenyan Dennis Kimetto, world marathon record holder, and eight other East African giants of the race with times under 2:06. In September’s Berlin Marathon 2014, Kimetto clocked two 2:02:57 improving the world record time held by another Kenyan Wilson Kipsang by 26 seconds. The two Kenyans will face each other for the first time in the mouth-watering London Marathon. Kimetto will be making his London Marathon debut Confirming his participation in the Dubai Marathon, Kenenisa’s agent, Jos Hermens, confirmed to Runner’s World Newswire that his client will work with Canova, who has also coached Hermens’ clients Florence Kiplagat, a 2:19:44 marathoner, and Moses Mosop, who ran 2:03:06 for second in Boston in 2011. Canova also mentored American Ryan Hall for about a half-year in 2012 and 2013, but Hall was injured for much of that alliance. Kenenisa Bekele while Kipsang is seeking a third title after winning in 2012 and 2014. “Having the current and former worldrecord holders in the same race for the first time, is a real coup for us on our 35th anniversary, and a thrilling prospect for marathon fans,” Race Director Hugh Brasher said. “Kenenisa was not prepared well enough, certainly, for Chicago,” the agent said. The decision to work with Canova was made by Hermens soon after the Chicago Marathon. Prior to the London Marathon’s tough test, Kenenisa is aiming to break the course record in Dubai (2:04:24) as well as the Ethiopian record of 2:03:59 held by Haile. www.thereporterethiopia.com “With the participation of all stakeholders, there is a big chance to promote the cultural sport activities such as polo sport,” Gemechu told The Reporter. . This year’s event was sponsored by Sony Electronics and DH Geda Trade & Industry Plc. Ethiopia Horse Sport Association Director, Mesfin Tameru, said; “the polo sport competition can also create an opportunity to recruit professional polo players in the international polo sports games” ETHIOPIAN PREMIER LEAGUE FIXTURE & RESULTS Week eleven fixtures Saturday 10\01\15 2:00 CBE SA vs WolaytaDicha 4:30 Electric vs AdamaCity Sunday 11\01\15 2:00 St. George vs Arba Minch 2:00 Dashen vs Dedebit 2:00 Muger Cement vs Awassa city 2:00 Sidama coffee vs Woldiya city 10:30 Ethiopia Coffee vs Defense Week ten results Saturday 03/01/15 Defence Force 0 - 1 SidamaCoffee Sunday 04/01/15 AdamaCity 1 - 1 Muger Cement AwassaCity 1 - 2 CBE Arba Minch City 1 - 0 WoldyaCity St. George 1-0 Dashen Beer WelaytaDicha 0 - 0 Ethiopia Coffee Dedebit 2 - 0 Electric THE REPORTER SPORT|43 The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 EPL Week 11 Preview Ethiopia Coffee and Aschalew Girma (suspension) also missed the action that ended in a goalless draw against WelaytaDicha at the venue of Boditiin week ten. By Dawit Tolesa Week 11 Ethiopian Premier League (EPL) continues this weekend with the 2010 EPL Champions, EthiopiaCoffee, taking on Defense at Abebe Bikila Stadium in Addis Ababa on Sunday. “After boditi match, midfielder Gatoch Panom, Million Beyene and Tilahun Wolde are injured. We don’t know yet if they can return for the match against Defense,”Tilahun Mangesha, coach of Ethiopia Coffee,told The Reporter. Ethiopia Coffee is showing a dip in form as of late. Since their 2-0 triumph against Dedebit in Addis Ababa nearly a month ago, the team has drawn in all three of its last EPL matches against Adama City, Hawassa City and WolaytaDicha. “David bisha, Biniam Assefa and Dawit Estifanosare expected to return after their injury,” added the coach. “Obliviously we drew in three consecutive matches so on Sunday we need all three pointsand continue on a winning run in upcoming matches,”he added. Ethiopia Coffee was without two of its key midfielders including team captain Dawit Estifanos and Tilahun Wolde. Strikers Binyam Assefa (injury) Ethiopia Coffee currently sits at fourth in the EPL table, just a point below their opponent of the week Defense. Defense has amassed 16 points from 10 EPL matches, one more than Ethiopia Coffee. The two teams encounter will be vital for both to stay in the top four in EPL standing. “In the last match we dropped three points because of a silly mistake but hopefully in the match against Ethiopia Coffee we will dobetter” Gebremedhin told The Reporter. “Our two players Frew and Tekele are ready for Sunday’s match against Ethiopia Coffee,”he added. Defense suffered their second loss in four matches against league leaders Sidama Coffee. The match in Addis Ababa ended in a 1-0 score line helping Sidama to consolidate their grip to the top of the table. Defense was without the key players Frew Solomon and Takelewold Fikadu. Defense’s form this season has been otherwise encouraging for Coach Gebremedhin Haile. Elsewhere, defending champions Saint George, who have continued their march to the top of the table guided by Brazilian coach Dos Santos, will travel south to face Arba Minch City. St. George is second in the EPL standing with 18 points from - two points behind leaders Sidama Coffee with the former having a game in hand. Ethiopian Premier League Table Team MP W D L GD P Team MP W D L GD P Sidama Coffee 10 6 2 2 3 20 EEPCO 9 3 4 2 0 13 Saint George 9 5 3 1 6 18 Adama City 10 2 6 2 1 12 Defence 10 4 4 2 3 16 CBE SA 10 2 6 2 1 12 Ethiopian Coffee 9 4 3 2 2 15 Dashen Beer 10 4 0 6 -2 12 Welayta Dicha 9 4 2 3 2 14 Muger Cement 10 2 3 5 -3 9 Arba Minch City 10 3 5 2 0 14 Hwassa City 9 1 3 5 -4 6 Dedebit 9 4 1 4 4 13 Woldya City 10 1 2 7 -13 5 www.thereporterethiopia.com 44| The Reporter, Saturday, January 10, 2015 Vol. XIX No. 957 Advertisment Design & Page Making Media & Communications Centre (MCC) Publisher Media & Communication Center (MCC) www.thereporterethiopia.com Printed by Berhanena Selam Printing Enterprise Sub-city: Arada, Kebele: 17, H.No: 984
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