ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻧ S
ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ Sesbania ) sesban(L.ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻟﺤﺸﺮﺓ ﺧﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺑﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ )Callosobrucus maculatus(F. )(Coleoptera : Bruchidae ﺤﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ ,ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﺯﻋل ﺨﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل /ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ [email protected] ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴـﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴـــــﺒﺎﻥ Sesbania sesbanﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜـــﻴﺯ) % (2 , 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻲ ﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴـﺔ ،Callosobruchus maculatusﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ . Chemotropometerﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ 67.05ﻭ %67.77ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ % 2ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ 14.06ﻭ . %15.4ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ 58.25ﻭ %59.21ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ %14.61ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤـﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ 91.66ﻭ %100ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ %19.99ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ .ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ 0ﻭ %13.33ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ 80ﻭ %73.33ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻭﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ . ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ ،ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ Abstract The present study showed that the effect of extracts phenolic compounds crud for fruits and leaves of Sesbania sesban at concentration of (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2) % on some biological performances of southern bean beetle known as Callosobruchus maculatus., and studying effect of attractant and repellent of phenolic compounds extracts fruits and leaves in the adult,by using the appliance of chemical Cemotropometer. Eggs mortality rate was 67.05 and 67.66% for fruits and leaves respectively at a concentration of 2mg/ml as compared with 14.06 and 15.4% in the control treatment. Cummaltive mortality rates of immature stage were58.25 and 59.21% at a concentration 2% for fruits and leaves respectively compared with 14.61% in the control treatment. The percentages of attractant and repellent were 0 ,13.33% and 80 , 73.33% respectively for fruits and leaves. key words: Phenolic compounds, plant Alcspan, cowpea beetle South ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﻬﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatusﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ،ﺇﺫ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺇﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ 35ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺯﺍﻟﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ، % 62ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ %5ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ )ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﻤﻬﺩﻱ .(1983,ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﻬﺎﺠﻤﺔ ﺨﻨﺎﻓﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻭل ﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ1.6- 0.8ﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻟﻜل 5ﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ) Belloﻭ ( 2001 , Eddeﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ) %(40-15ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ) Lenterenﻭ , Huis (2003ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺼل ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ %87ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺨـﺎل ﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ 2084 ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ) . (2006 ,Singhﺇﺫ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺘﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻥ ،ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻀﺭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﺇﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻜل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺏ ﺇﻨﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ) Bhallaﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ .(2008،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﺘﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ )(S.sesbanﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻭﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ ) Patilﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ (2010 ,ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻘﺼﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴــﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺠﻭﺍﻨــﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻲ ﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C. maculatus اﻟﻤﻮاد وﻃﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺌﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺔ.ﺠﻔﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ( ﻜﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻁﺤﻨﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴـﺤﻭﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ،ﺤﻔﻅﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﺤﻜﻡ ﻏﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺠﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل .ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ –ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺜﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ ) ، C.maculatus (F.ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﺇﻟـﻰ ) 1956 , El – sawafﻭ Brownﻭ 1988 , Downhowerﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﻤﻬـﺩﻱ 1983,ﻭ Bandaraﻭ (1995 , Saxenaﻭﺘﻤﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ .ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻟﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺴـﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ־º20ﻡ ﻭﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻜﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻘﺘل ﺃﻱ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻗـﺩ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ )ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ،(2005،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ. ﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺤﺸـﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﻠﻭﺒـﻴﺎ ﺒﻨﻘـل 30ﺤﺸﺭﺓ )15ﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻭ 15ﺇﻨﺎﺙ ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴـﺔ ﺴﻌـﺔ 600ﻤل ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺒـﺫﻭﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ،ﻏـﻁـﻴﺕ ﻓﻭﻫـﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻘــﻤﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤـل ﻭﺍﺤﻜـﻡ ﺴــﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـﻁـﺔ ﺃﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﻤﻁـﺎﻁـﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻀﻌـﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀـﻨﺔ ﺒـﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ º 2 ±30ﻡ ﻭﺭﻁـﻭﺒﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ 70 Guntrip) %5±ﻭ . (1998 , Siblyﺘﻭﺒﻌﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺼﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺭﺓ ﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺠﻴﺎل ﻗﺒل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ . ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesban ﺍﺘﺒــﻌﺕ ﻁــﺭﻴﻘﺔ (1972) Riberian-Gayonﻟﺘﺤﻀ ـﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘــﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﺎﺕ ،ﺇﺫ ﻭﺯﻨﺕ ) (20ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺠـﺎﻓﺔ ﻜـﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻭﻀــﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻕ ﺴــﻌﺔ ) (1000ﻤل ﺃﻀـﻴﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ) (400ﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺨــﻠﻴﻙ 2% ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﻭﺴـﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜـﺜـﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻜـﺱ Reflex condenserﻓﻲ ﺤﻤـﺎﻡ ﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ )º(70ﻡ ﻭﻟﻤــﺩﺓ ) (8ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ،ﺜﻡ ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺞ ﻟﻴﺒﺭﺩ ،ﺭﺸ ﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺞ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺘﺭﺸــﻴﺢ ) (Whattman NO.1ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل Separating funnelﺜﻡ ﺃﻀﻴﻑ ﻟﻠﺭﺍﺸـ ﺢ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻤﻥ N-Propanol ﻭﺒﻌــﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻀﻴﻑ ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴــﻭﻡ ﺜــﻡ ﺭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺼل ﺤــﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﺇﺫ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻘــﺘﺎﻥ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ )ﺍﻟﻌﻀـﻭﻴﺔ( ﺍﻟﺤــﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒــﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ،ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺠﻔﻔﺕ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻜﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜــﻼﺠﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺒـﻌﺩ ﺘﺴـﺠﻴل ﻭﺯﻨـﻬﺎ ﻭﻫـﻲ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ .ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘــﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ ﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴــﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﻡ 2085 ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ،ﺍﺫﻴﺏ 2ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴــﻨﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻜﻼ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤــﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ) (3ﻤل ﻜﺤـﻭل ﺍﺜــﻴﻠﻲ )(96%ﻭﺃﻜﻤـل ﺍﻟﺤــﺠﻡ ﺇﻟـﻰ ) (100ﻤل ﺒﺎﻟﻤـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﺭ ﻓﺄﺼﺒﺢ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤــﻠﻭل ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ) 2% (Stock solutionﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺎﺩل 20ﻤﻠﻐــﻡ/ﻤل ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺤﻀﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜــﻴﺯ 0.25ﻭ 0.5ﻭ 1ﻭ % 2ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ 3ﻤل ﻜﺤﻭل ﺍﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻜﻤــل ﺍﻟﺤـﺠـﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ 100 ﻤل ﺒﺎﻟﻤـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁــﺭ .ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻜﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ،ﻋﻭﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻟﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻤﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ 30ﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻁﺒﻕ ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻭﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﺭﺸﺔ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﺕ ﻟﺘﺠﻑ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ º30ﻡ ﻭﺘﻭﺒﻌﺕ ﻭﺼﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺤﺴﺒﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﻴﺔ -ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻟﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ (1925 , Abbotte) Abbotteﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ،ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺒﺘﺭﻱ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 5ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ .ﺜﻡ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ .ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻌـﺭﻓﺔ ﺘﺄﺜــﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﻤﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔـﻴﻨﻭﻟـﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴـﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬــﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻭﻀﻭﺤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ 3ﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻟﻜل ﻁﺒﻕ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ 10ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﻤﺭ 2-1ﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻘﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺇﺫ ﻋﻭﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺒﺘﺭ ﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻜﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺸﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺘﻭﺒﻌﺕ ﻭﺼﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ،ﺇﺫ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﺓ ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ ،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺒﺘﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻟﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﻨﺘـــﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺱ . ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤـﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴـﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺎﺕ ﺤﺸـﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺌﻲ Chemotropometer ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻋﻥ ، (1931) Folsomﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺨﺸﺒﻲ ﺒﻁﻭل 48ﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ 20ﺴﻡ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻏﻁﺎﺀ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﺘﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﺒﻁـﻭل 100ﺴﻡ ﻭﻗﻁﺭ3ﺴﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﻤﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻨﺘﻤﺘﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻴﺴـﺩ ﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﺒﻘﻁﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ .ﻋﻭﻤﻠﺕ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺒـﻭﺏ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﻤﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻜﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ ﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺭﻯ ﻓﻌﻭﻤﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﺭ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﺫ ﻋﺩﺕ ﻜﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻀﻌﺕ 5ﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻅـﺎﺭ ﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ 20 ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺠﺫﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ،ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻅـﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒـﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﻴﻨﻅﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺈﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻜل 2086 ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻜﺭﺭﺕ ﺒﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ ،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ : ) 1971 , Busvineﻭﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺡ .(1993,ﺴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﻌﺕ 25 ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ= ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ × 100 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﻌﺕ 25ﺴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ= ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ × 100 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ = ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ – ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ . ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺒﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺘـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺸـﻴﺔ (Factorial ) experiments with completely randomized designﻭﺼﺤﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻼﻜـﺎﺕ ﻭﻓـﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ .(1925 , Abbotte) Abbott Formula %ﻟﻠﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ % -ﻟﻠﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ %ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ × 100 % - 100ﻟﻠﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻗل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ) Least significant Differences (L.S.Dﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ 0.05 p ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ .ﺤﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻹﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ )ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﷲ.(2000 ، ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻭل ) (1ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺒﻴﺽ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ، C.maculatusﺇﺫ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺒﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨـﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜــﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻨـﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ % 67.0 -56.75ﻭ % 67.77-57.70ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ) % (2 - 0.25ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ) . % (15.4 -13.96ﺩﻟﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ . 2087 ﺠﺩﻭل ) ( 1ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺒﻴﺽ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatus ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺏ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ )(% ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ % ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ 0 14.06 15.4 0.25 56.75 57.70 0.5 65.1 62.01 1 2 64.28 65.77 67.77 67.05 ﻗﻴﻤﺔ L .S .Dﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ 0.05ﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ = 1.38 ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ) ( 1ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﺤﺸـﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴـﺔ C.maculatusﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ،ﺇﺫ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ) 58.25ﻭ (% 59.21ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ % 2ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ) (%14.61ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺒﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ) 91.66ﻭ (% 100ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒـﺘﺭﻜــﻴﺯ % 2ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ) ، (%19.99ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻜل ) (2ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ . 70 60 اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﻼك )(% 50 40 30 20 10 اﻟﺪور اﻟﯿﺮﻗﻲ -اﻟﻌﺬري اﻻدوار ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﻮض ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ 2088 0 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 70 60 اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﻼك )(% 50 40 30 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 20 10 0 اﻟﺒﯿﻮض اﻟﺪور اﻟﯿﺮﻗﻲ -اﻟﻌﺬري اﻻدوار ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺸﻜل ) ( 1ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatusﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ 100 90 70 60 50 40 30 20 اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﻼك )(% 80 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 10 0 اﻟﺪور اﻟﻌﺬري اﻟﺪور اﻟﯿﺮﻗﻲ اﻻدوار ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ 120 100 60 40 20 اﻟﺪور اﻟﻌﺬري اﻟﺪور اﻟﯿﺮﻗﻲ اﻻدوار ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ 2089 0 اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﻼك )(% 80 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 ﺸﻜل ) ( 2ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatusﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ .ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺔ ﻟﺤﺸـﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatusﺍﻟﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼـﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻤﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺒﺫﺭﺓ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ .ﺇﻥ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻨﻔﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻤﻡ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ،ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﻘﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﺼﺭ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﻫﻀﻤﻬﺎ ) Al-Zubaidiﻭ .( 1989 ، Halifyﺃﻭ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺘﻤﺘﻨـﻊ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻫﻼﻜﻬـﺎ ) . ( 1978، Rocksteinﺇﺫ ﺃﺜـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻼﻙ ﻋﺫﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﻠل ﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺠـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﻭﺸﻔﺎﻓﺎ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺏ )ﺍﻟـﺩﺭﻜﺯﻟﻲ , . (1982ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻠﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺴﻤﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺇﺫ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺨﻠﻼ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ،ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ) ( 1978، Chapmanﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻫﻼﻜﺎ ﻟﻸﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺯﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ) ( 2001 ، Kelanyﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻗﺘل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ) Metspaluﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ .( 2001 ،ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎل ﺒـﻴﻥ Klockeﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘـﻪ ) (1980ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ellagic acidﻭ geraninﺍﻟﻤﻌﺯﻭﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜـﺎﻨﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻲ Tamarix chinesisﻗﺩ ﺜﺒﻁ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﻲ ﻟـﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒـﻎ Heliothis ، virescenseﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻘﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺴﻴﻭﻡ . ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻟﻤﺴــﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜــﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨــﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﺍﻨـــﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴــﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴـﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻟـﻐﺎﺕ ﺤﺸـﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠـﻭﺒﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatusﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ Chemotropometer ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ % ( -80 , 80 , 0 ) %2ﻭ) % (-60 , 73.33 , 13.33ﻟﻠﺜﻤـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل ) ، (2ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ) (%100ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ 25ﺴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ .ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩﻱ ﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ .ﻜﻤﺎ ﺩﻟﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ . 2090 ﺠﺩﻭل ) ( 2ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺒﺎﻥ S.sesbanﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C. maculatus ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ % ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ )(% ﻨﺴﺒﺔﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ )(% ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ)(% ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ )(% ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ)(% ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ )(% 0.25 0 66.66 -66.66 0 66.66 -66.66 0.5 0 73.33 -73.33 0 73.33 -73.33 1 0 73.33 -73.33 0 73.33 -73.33 2 0 80 13.3 73.33 -60 -80 ﻗﻴﻤﺔ L.S.Dﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ 0.05ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ =4.454 ﻗﻴﻤﺔ L.S.Dﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ 0.05ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ = 3.616 ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺡ ) (1993ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁـﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻭﻜﺎﻟﺒﺘﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ C.maculatus ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺎﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ 17ﻭ % 7ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ 47ﻭ % 73ﺃﻤﺎ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺕ 23+ﻭ % 66-ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻭﻜﺎﻟﺒﺘﻭﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ) (2001ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﻁﺭﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﻭﺽ Culex pipenesﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﺀ Nigella % 17) sativaﻭ %3ﻭ (-14ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻜـﺎﻟﺒﺘﻭﺱ Eucalyptus sppﻓﻘـﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ) %27ﻭ %10ﻭ (-17ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤل ) %13ﻭ %17ﻭ (+4 ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ .ﺇﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ Chemotropometerﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺤﻔﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻻ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ )ﺤﻤﺯﺓ (2001 , .ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻴﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ )ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ .(2005 ,ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺼﺎﻨﻲ ) (2007ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭل ﺍﻻﺜﻴﻠﻲ ،ﺨﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺜﻴـل ،ﺍﻟﻬﻜﺴـﺎﻥ( ﻟﺭﻴﺯﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺩ Cyperus rotundusﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺨﻨﻔﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ % 2.5ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭل ﺍﻻﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺨﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺜﻴل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﺫ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ) 20ﻭ (% 80ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨـﺔ ) ( -60ﺃﻤـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ) 26.6ﻭ (% 73.4ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ) (-46.8ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ 20ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ 2091 ﻭﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ .ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻏﻔﻭﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭ ) (2011ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﻟﻠﺯﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ Chemotropometerﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ %8ﺃﻥ ﺯﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻁﺭﺩ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ 76.66ﻭ % 23.33ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ % -53.33ﻭﺘﻼﻫﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻟﺯﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺭ 73.33ﻭ %26.67ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ %-46.66ﺃﻤـﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﺯﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ 60ﻭ % 40ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ %-20ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺫﺏ ﻟﺯﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﺠﺒﻴل 56.66ﻭ %43.33ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ . %-13.33 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺼﺎﻨﻲ ،ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ . (2007) .ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻜﺘﻠﻙ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﻕ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴـﺔ ) Callosobruchus ) . maculates (Fabricius) (Coleoptera:Bruchidaeﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ /ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻓﺔ 57ﺼﻔﺤﺔ. ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻜﺯﻟﻲ ،ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻡ .1982 .ﻋﻠﻡ ﻓﺴﻠﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ .ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺏ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ /ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل 464.ﺼﻔﺤﻪ. ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻱ ،ﺨﺎﺸﻊ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻭﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﷲ ،ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ .2000 .ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ.ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ .ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ .ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل.ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ 488 .ﺼﻔﺤﻪ. ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ،ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻴﺢ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ) . (1983ﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ .ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ 460 ، ﺼﻔﺤﺔ . ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ،ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ .(2001).ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘـﺎﺕ ﻀـﺩ ﺒﻌـﻭﺽ ، (Diptera: Culicidae) Culex pipiensﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ /ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺴـﻴﺔ 107 ﺼﻔﺤﺔ . ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺃﻤل ﻜﻤﺎل .(2005)،ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻜﺎﻟﺒﺘﻭﺱEucalyptus camldulenis L. ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺤﺒﺢ ، Melia azedarach L.ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻓﻠﺔ Nerium oleander L.ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺤﺸﺭﺓ ﺨﻨﻔﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﺤـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺌﻴﺔ )Tribolium castaneum ( Herbst ) ( Coleoptera , Tenebrionidaeﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ/ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ 102 ،ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ،ﻋﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺡ ،ﻨﺯﺍﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ .(1993 ).ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺩﺍﺕ .ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ /ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل 520ﺼﻔﺤﺔ. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ،ﺠﺎﺯﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻬﻴﻭﺏ . (2005),ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺴﺤﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ،ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ 101 ،ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻏﻔﻭﺭ ،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺎﻫﻭ ﻤﻴﺭﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ،ﺭﻭﺨﻭﺵ ﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﺭﺸﻴﺩ .(2011).ﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ . Abbott , W. S .(1925) . 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