Liquid Detection
Malte Pruss, Director Products CXS
May, 2014
Bringing technology to life
Smiths Detection: Proprietary Data
www.smithsdetection.com
Topics
Detection of Liquids an Overview
The Technology behind
Solutions of Smiths Detection
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Detection of Liquids
Liquid detection at airport checkpoints is a challenge for
passengers, officers, security managers…
Different kind of bottles, glass, plastics, aluminum cans, …
More or less filled with tea, coffee, soft drinks with more or less
sugar and other ingredients…
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Detection of Liquids
Passengers want to buy goods at the airport as refreshment,
gifts…
Shops want to sell refreshments or duty free articles e.g.
fragrances, some alcohol, shampoo,…
And the security has to ensure that no liquids can be misapplied.
The latest x-ray scanning system shall fulfil the standards.
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LEDS – Equipment Types and Standards
Detection Standard
Equipment Type
LEDS Equipment Type A: Screen liquid containers singly with lids removed or
loosened
LEDS Equipment Type B: Screen liquid containers singly without removing lids or
loosening lids
LEDS Equipment Type C: Screen multiple liquid containers simultaneously but with
liquids removed from baggage
LEDS Equipment Type D: Screen multiple liquid containers simultaneously but with
liquids remaining in cabin baggage
LEDS Standard 1:
various materials, defined maximum false alarm rate (FAR),
defined minimum probability of detection (POD),
Systems installed until 21.3.2013 can be operated until
January 30 2016
LEDS Standard 2:
higher standard compared to standard 1
all newly installed systems have to be standard 2
no expiry date
LEDS Standard 3:
Relevant for alarm resolution; no expiry date
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LEDS – Equipment Types and Standards
The EU LEDS time line was shifted several times.
April 2011 (Transfer PAX), April 2013 (all PAX)…
January 2014 ban is lifted for duty free articles in STEBs,
medicin and baby food.
EU will decide on next steps end of 2014
Standard 1 is mandatory for all LEDS system.
Standard 2 is mandatory for all newly installed LEDS systems.
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LEDS – What makes it so tricky
Liquids, Gels etc. have different Zeff ( atomic number, specific
absorption)
Second important value is the
density (explosive material mass)
To achieve a material discrimination you must “detect” different
energies of the x-ray beam.
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LEDS – Material Discrimination - Zeff
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LEDS – Material Discrimination - Density
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LEDS – Material Discrimination - Volume
To “make” a decision about the density the volume of the
container is needed.
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LEDS – Solution step 1
To determine the volume of a bottle or a can you need at least to
views: a bottom view and a side view
Single view
Multi view
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LEDS – Solution step 2
We have to consider that there are only two dimensional slices
(data) of the object available!
object
X-ray focus
attenuation
detector
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LEDS – Solution step 2
The objected is represented by a number of these “attenuation”values. An algorithm “reconstructs out of these data a model of
the bottle and can compare it to a calculated data base model
(best fit).
inner and outer curvature
of the bottle
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LEDS – Solution step 3
If there is a best fit the algorithm can calculate the material
content of the item.
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LEDS – Solution
This has to be calculated in real time during the scanning
process. A lot of variables have to take in consideration:
-
Materials of the “bottle”,
Thickness of the bin
Orientation in the tray
Filling level
Shape of the bottle, can…
….
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LEDS – Smiths Detection
To solve these challenges in physics and mathematics you must
rely on an outstanding knowledge base.
Smiths Detection has more than 100 physicists, mathematicians
and engineers.
Several millions of Euros are invested in research and
development every year to realize better products and solutions.
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LEDS – HS 6040 2is HR
A sophisticated solution for liquid detection is the HS 6040 2is HR
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LEDS – HS 6040 2is HR
 The HS 6040 2is HR fulfils the EU
LEDS standard 2
 Dual view X-ray inspection system
 Excellent image quality and steel
penetration (39/40 AWG, 35/37mm
steel)
 High throughput due to reduced
repositioning and rescanning of
objects
 Excellent design and performance
 Automatic explosive detection
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The Technology Behind
L-shaped detector line for side view
Additional information from the side
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The Technology Behind
U-shaped detector line for bottom-up view
Non-distorted image quality
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Advantages of Dual View Technology
Threat
HI-SCAN 6040-2is – bottom-up view
HI-SCAN 6040-2is – side view
Views around clutter reduce need for hand-search or rescan
Concealed objects in one view appear clearly in another
Increased detection (TIP)
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Smiths Detection at the Dubai Airport Show
Thank you for your attention
For more information please visit us at our
booth at the Dubai Airport Show
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Bringing technology to life
Smiths Detection: Proprietary Data
www.smithsdetection.com