The Effectiveness of LENA Technology for Changing Parent Behavior and Accelerating Child Language Development Jill Gilkerson, Jeffrey A. Richards, Dongxin Xu Disclosures • Jill Gilkerson, Jeffrey A. Richards and Dongxin Xu are FT employees of LENA Research Foundation. • LENA Research Foundation is a not-forprofit 501(c)3 charitable organization. Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Inspiration, History, and Mission • LENA: Language ENvironment Analysis • Meaningful Differences Hart & Risley (1995) – 42 families, 1,300 recorded hours, 7 years – Correlation between early language exposure and later academic success, IQ Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Presentation Outline • • • • • LENA technology overview Online parent program Experimental study design Study results Q&A Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved 3 Easy Steps Place the DLP in the custom LENA Clothing pocket Record as you go about your day—up to 16 hours At the end of the day connect the DLP to your PC and transfer data Review the softwaregenerated data Leave to process Copyright © 2010, LENA Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved LENA System Algorithms Male Adult Female Adult Key Child Other Child Overlap Noise TV/Electronic Silence Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Where it all Starts: an Audio File Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Where it all Starts: an Audio File MAN Male Adult Near & Clear (3) OLN Overlap Near & Strong (2) CHN Key Child Near & Clear (4) SIL Silence (1) Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Where it all Starts: an Audio File Human Speech Non-human KEY CHILD Noise ADULT MALE Silence ADULT FEMALE TV/electronic media Other Child Overlap Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved 1. Adult Word Count Adult Male + Adult Female Adult words spoken to and near child 2. Child Vocalizations Key Child Frequency count of child vocalizations 3. Conversational Turns Key Child + Adult Adult-child interactions 4. TV/electronic sounds TV/Electronic Amount of TV/electronic sounds exposure Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved LENA Home Reports Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Reports Time Resolutions • • • • Monthly Daily Hourly 5-Minute Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Reports Time Resolutions • • • • Monthly Daily Hourly 5-Minute Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Presentation Outline • • • • • LENA technology overview Online parent program Experimental study design Study results Q&A Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved 12-Week Online Intervention • Basic steps Parent receives LENA Home and website login Parent installs LENA Parent records, processes data, views reports Parent accesses internet to pass summary information – Phone meeting with LENA coach to set goals – Parent visits program website weekly to view resources and participate in various activities – – – – Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Parent Resources Website • • • • • • Talking Tips Book Lists Videos Webinars Parent Forums Live Chat Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Coaching • Full time research assistant is coach – Provides language enrichment strategies and encouragement for parents • Phone meeting once per month – To interpret results and set monthly goals • Private live chat – To answer questions on the spot Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Pass data via internet Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Presentation Outline • • • • • LENA technology overview Online parent program Experimental study design Study results Q&A Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved LENA Online Study • N = 82; <24 months • Random assignment to Treatment and Control groups – Treatment: Begin using LENA Home immediately, SHBO website – Control: Record with LENA but no feedback (Control becomes “delayed treatment” after 3 months) • Treatment Phase Recordings – Month 1-2: Once per week – Month 3: Every other week • Follow-up Phase Recordings – Month 4-6: Every other week – Months 7-12: Once per month • LENA Developmental Snapshot, MacArthur and CDI – At baseline, post treatment, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month follow-up Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Month Date Treatment Recordings Control Assessments Recordings 1 June, 2012 4 1 2 July, 2012 4 1 3 August, 2012 2 1 4 Sept, 2012 2 4 5 Oct, 2012 2 4 6 Nov, 2012 2 2 7 Dec, 2012 1 2 8 Jan, 2013 1 2 9 Feb, 2013 1 2 10 March, 2013 1 1 11 April, 2013 1 1 12 May, 2013 1 1 Snapshot, CDI, MacArthur Snapshot, CDI, MacArthur Snapshot, CDI, MacArthur Snapshot, CDI, MacArthur Snapshot, CDI, MacArthur Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Recruitment • • • • • Babycenter.com Required computer, internet connection 9-22 months of age Demographic questionnaire LENA Developmental Snapshot Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Participant Selection • Within normal limits on Snapshot (1.5 SD of mean) • Screened: delay diagnosis, sibling with delay, caregiver native language English • Even age range 9-22 months Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Participant Demographics • N=82 (34 Female, 48 Male) • Age Mean = 9-22 mo. (mean 14 mo.) • Mother’s Education – – – – 80% College and beyond 11% Some college 9% High school diploma, GED 0% <High school diploma • Baseline Snapshot scores – Mean = 98.9 Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Completer Demographics • N=44 (20 Female, 24 Male) • Age Mean = 13.8 months (SD=3.2) • Mother’s Education – 91% College and beyond – 4.5% Some college – 4.5% High school diploma, GED – 0% <High school diploma • Baseline Snapshot scores – Mean = 99.4 Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Presentation Outline • • • • • LENA technology overview Online parent program Experimental study design Study results Q&A Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Were there differences between the Treatment and Control groups at 12 weeks? Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Changes in Parent Behavior During Intervention Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Changes in Snapshot During Intervention Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Do program participants show significant increases in talk and interaction? Do these changes hold over time? Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Behavior Trends: AWC & Turns Time AWC Count Percentile Turns Count Percentile Baseline 13,818 61 Baseline 428 61 Month 3 15,138* 72* Month 3 511† 67† Month 6 15,053* 72* Month 6 578* 70* Month 9 15,228* 74* Month 9 631† 72† Month 12 14,203 66 Month 12 611 63 Time *p ≤ .05; †p=.08 Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Behavior Trends: Language Scores Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Behavior Trends: Lower 50% Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Behavior Trends: Lower 50% Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Program Components • Please rank the following components in the order that they influenced behavioral change for you: – Automated Reports – Coaching Sessions – Webinars – Videos – Parent Forum – Written website information Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Program Components • Please rank the following components in the order that they influenced behavioral change for you: (% Ranked #1) – Automated Reports – 76% – Videos 10% – Coaching Sessions 8% – Webinars 3% – Written website info 3% – Parent Forum 0% Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Is there a relationship between enhanced language environment and child language skills? Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Behavior Trends: Change from Baseline to Month 12 Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Summary • Significant elevations in adult talk and interaction after online intervention – Elevations held longitudinally for parents who we below 50th percentile at baseline • Child language skills are accelerated 9 months after online intervention • Relationship between increased parentchild interaction and child language skills Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Limitations • • • • High SES sample TD children Limited age range (all under 2 at start) Large attrition rate Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Thank You! • • • • Terry and Judi Paul, Founders Scientific advisory board members LENA children and parents LRF employees past and present Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved Q&A • Jill Gilkerson, Ph.D. [email protected] • Jeffrey A Richards, M.A. [email protected] • Dongxin Xu, Ph.D. [email protected] Copyright © 2013 LENA Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization. All Rights Reserved
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