I. Stockbreeding Method History Vision of Pedigree Registration of Pig Breeds Dr. Yung-Yi SUNG Emeritus Professor of National Taiwan University 1 3 There are three agendum of selection with within stockbreeding method history : (1)1660s the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge initiate the farm animal exhibition as Royal Show continuously from that day. Good quality pig exterior in it type and conformation are improved popularity. (Fig. I.) After ten decade, (2)1770s that belong to Bakewell conducted with farm animal pedigree as human’s registration of a birth notable as 2 beginning of the modern animal breeding ; a farm animal having a family of pedigree. Bakewell speak to purebred breeders going to associated a breed registration club for preservation the breed purity. 1797, Thoroughbred herd book, Shorthorn (1882) and Hereford (1846) herd book was published one after another. 1884 British Pig Association was found and is the official breed society that maintain the Herd Books for the Old Sports, Hampshire, Large Black, Large White, Mangalitza, Middle White, Oxford Sandy & Black( Fig. I.) , Pietrain, 4 Tamworth and Welsh. The animal breeds registry system spread through the world. Before long, these implement systemic improve farm animals led to Britain became a big breeding stocks supplying nation. After other ten decade, (3)1886 a live hogs import ban was enacted by the German Diet. Other than the U.K. English Channel away so supplying the carcass or part meat for German needs, other adjacent nation Denmark particular blow by this ban. But fortunately Denmark covertly and quickly established a performance testing station in Fyn Island to research in compare the growing ability and its carcass traits. Be often it too in 17 years study, age of market weight(90Kg) was decrease a 17 days, feed conversion ratio was 4.5Kg tremendous reduction to 3.3Kg, in 1905 Dane announce publicly first successful boar testing station in the world. This last agenda of stockbreeding method also rapidly spread out the advance countries to established performance testing facility strengthen the foundations of the nation systematic improvement method of farm animals. 5 II. Pig Improvement System in Taiwan 6 1908 Exterior; type and conformation From evaluation pig exterior, pedigree registry and performance testing its time series in advance nations and Taiwan as follows Fig. II. & Fig. III respectively. 1662 exterior; type and conformation Taiwan about 67 Years Advance Nation 1775 Pedigree Registry about 225 years 1887 Performance Testing Fig. II. Time series of Advance Nations. 7 1975 Pedigree Registry 1975 Performance testing Fig.III. Time series of Taiwan. 8 二. 我國種豬改良制度的演變 比較先進國與我國的種豬改良,自評鑑其体型外 貌,至進行種豬的血統系譜之種豬登錄,到重視種 豬的性能檢定之年代進程如下圖。 1662年体型外貌 先進國 (約226年) 1775年 血統登錄 1887年 性能檢定 1.水波瑞峰 SUIPO JUEI FONG 水波瑞鳳凰 SUIPO JUEI HONG FANG 2.水波鳳蘭 SUIPO HONG LANG SUIPO JUEI SENG Dam SUIPO SU MI Sire 1975年 性能檢定 9 Dam SUIPO HONG LANG TONGYIN JOHN Dam TONGYIN MEI CHU 10 (II)Duroc boar with double Plum Blossom Award. 3.水波瑞生 SUIPO JUEI SENG KIMLUNG MEN HOU, Sire WANG CHIAN Sire WANG CHIAN HONG LUNG LUNG MEN Dam 4.水波酥蜜 SUIPO SU MI Sire SUN AN SUN CHAN Dam SUN AN CHUI HUA Sire WANG CHIAN CHIN Hua WANG CHIAN Dam SUN LU WANG CHIAN CHIA Ho 5.東盈約翰 TONGYIN JOHN 6.東盈美姿 TONGYIN MEI CHU 第1號梅花獎金牌豬水波瑞鳳凰之血統系譜圖 SUIPO JUEI HONG FANG, Sire SUIPO JUEI FONG 我國 (約67年) 1975 年 血統登錄 (I)Landrace boar with a Plum Blossom Award. Sire 1908年体型外貌 近百年 III. Pedigree for Vision 11 Sire Dam WANG CHIAN WANG CHIAN TAI PING HO SH Dam WANG CHIAN HO IN Sire WANG CHIAN TA CHAn Dam WANG CHIAN CHAU San Sire WANG CHIAN TA CHAn Dam 12 WANG CHIAN SHIN LIn 金龍門濠 D517-8 1911/7/24 生 種 99010 繁殖 25012 產肉 11356 高產 536 梅花 183 王將龍門 D101-3 種 93084 產肉 1206 王將紅龍 D235-2 種 80053 繁殖 19876 高繁 3316 產肉 10571 高產 465 王將順祿 D192-2 種 83004 高繁 2723 順昌順昌D77-5 種 70735 IV. Why not Synthesis but Pure Breed 順安翠華 D4023 種 63637 王將精華 D52-1 種 74381 繁殖 17424 產肉 7856 高產 315 梅花 76 王將嘉禾D8-8 種 46571 繁殖 9589 王將和時* D1664-3 種 88438 繁殖 18560 王將大倉 D1070-1 種 68778 產肉 8470 王將太平 D1353-6 種 78681 繁殖 19870 產肉8723 高產346 梅花 77 王將超善 D1055-5 種 68751 王將和穎 D1391-6 種 78601 王將大倉 D1070-1 種 68778 產肉 8470 *王將和時之近親度高達12.5%(=1/8) 王將心領 D1176-3 種 73338 繁殖 14994 兩顆梅花獎金牌豬金龍門濠之頂交(bottom cross)系譜圖 13 ○ Farms like improving their breeding stock themselves and unlike to dependent on the synthetic enterprise. 種豬場愛自己改良自己的種豬而無愛 依賴合成豬場所做的改良。 ○ Hogs from synthesis breed are more uniformity in carcass evaluation but not fit for live hogs oction market in Taiwan. 合成豬的屠体整齊度較好有利屠体評級但 其肉豬体型無適合台灣的毛豬拍賣市場。 15 For the principle of “KISS” (Keep It Simple to be Sustainable) was emphasized in the start up phase of the pig registry system in 1974 by the Industry/Government/academia cooperation staff and fully agree with to emulate traditional european method not synthesis breed. ○ Synthetic breed is favor of enterprise not of intensive farms (hereinafter; farms). 合成豬適合大企業生產不適種豬場生產。 14 ○ Synthesis breed are significant improvement in growth rate, feed efficiency, loin-eye area but worse in carcass dressing percentage, and estimated those heritabilities were not sufficiently different from contemporary purebreds as that additive genetic variance had been changed by mixing breeds. . 合成豬在生長速率、飼效、腰眼面積等都 有顯著性改進,但在屠宰率則較差。同時 估計該等遺傳率時則比純種者差,應係多 品種的雜交後降低其各遺傳變方所致。 16
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