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A200 Exploring History: Medieval to Modern 1400–1900
Visual Sources Book
This publication forms part of an Open University course A200 Exploring History: Medieval to Modern 1400–1900. Details of this and other
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SUP 00079 6
1.1
CONTENTS
Block 1
Unit 1
Plate 0.1
Plate 1.1
Plate 1.2
Plate 1.3
Plate 1.4
Bedford Book of Hours Clovis miniature
French School, The Crucifixion of the Parlement of Paris, c. 1449–50
Trial of the duke of Alençon, presided over by Charles VII, under a canopied
throne. Miniature painting from Boccace, De Casibus
Parisian painter, The Juvénal des Ursins family, c. 1445–49
Guillaume Juvénal as knight and chancellor
7
8
9
10
11
Unit 2
Plate 2.1
Plate 2.2
Plate 2.3
Plate 2.4
Plate 2.5
Olivier de Castille gives his daughter in marriage to Artus
Rogier van der Weyden, The Last Judgement, c. 1451
Charles the Bold appoints his captains
Jacques de Guise, Philip the Good receives a copy of the Chronicles of Hainault
The Burgers of Ghent making the Honourable Amend before Philip the Good,
30 July 1453
12
13
14
15
Family tree of the extended family of Edward III
The Royal Window in north west transept, Canterbury Cathedral
The crown of Margaret of York
The Beauchamp Pageant Plate 17
The Beauchamp Pageant Plate 27
17
18
19
20
21
16
Unit 3
Plate 3.1
Plate 3.2
Plate 3.3
Plate 3.4
Plate 3.5
Unit 4
Plate 4.1
Plate 4.2
Plate 4.3
Plate 4.4
Plate 4.5
Plate 4.6
Plate 4.7
The seven sacrament font at St Mary and All Saints’ Church, Little Walsingham,
Norfolk
The north screen at Burlingham St Andrew, Norfolk
Stained-glass panel showing a lay donor couple with roundel of the
Virgin and Child, Church of St Nicholas, Stanford on Avon, Northamptonshire
Register of the Fraternity of the Holy and Undivided Trinity and Blessed
Virgin Mary, 1475–1546
Gerard Loyet, votive image of Charles the Bold, 1467–1471
Henry VI of England at the shrine of St Edmund, after 1433
The Our Father from The Arte or Crafte to Lyve Well, Wynken de Worde, 1506
26
27
28
29
Lucas Cranach, the Elder, Christ Clears the Temple and The Pope’s Selling of
Indulgences
About the Origin of the Monks. About the Origin of Antichrist, 1551
The monk as spoon-seller, c. 1520
Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg, Wittenberg, 1558
30
32
33
34
Mathias Quad or studio of Franz Hogenberg, Map of the City of Geneva, c. 1603
35
Girdle prayer book
The Byble in Englyshe, 1539
Title page from The Bishop’s Bible, 1569
Embroidered prayer book translation of Queen Catherine’s
Prayers or Meditations
36
37
38
22
24
25
Block 2
Unit 5
Plate 5.1
Plate 5.2
Plate 5.3
Plate 5.4
Unit 6
Plate 6.1
Unit 7
Plate 7.1
Plate 7.2
Plate 7.3
Plate 7.4
39
Plate 7.5a
Plate 7.5b
Plate 7.6
Plate 7.7
Plate 7.8
Plate 7.9
Plate 7.10
Chalice for the Mass, c. 1500
Cup for the Communion, c. 1560
Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, Elizabeth I, The Ditchley Portrait, c. 1592
Genealogical tree showing the descent of Elizabeth from King Rollo
Cope showing the morse
Cope showing the vestigial hood
British School, Triptych with the text of the Ten Commandments, c. 14509–1600
40
40
41
42
44
45
46
Anon, The Iconoclasm, 1566
Anon, The Throne of the Duke of Alva, 1569
Anon, The Throne of the Duke of Alva, 1569
Anon, The Duke of Alva’s mission to the Netherlands and the effects of
his Tyranny, 1572
Anon, The Duke of Alva’s mission to the Netherlands and the effects of
his Tyranny, 1572
47
48
49
Anthony Van Dyck, Charles I in Garter Robes
Anthony Van Dyck, Archbishop William Laud
Anthony Van Dyck, Robert Rich, Second Earl of Warwick
Anthony Van Dyck, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford and his Secretary,
Sir Philip Mainwaring
Plan of the altar and rails from William Laud’s chapel when bishop of St David’s
52
53
54
55
56
The execution of the Militia Ordinance, May–October 1642
The execution of Commissions of Array, July–October 1642
57
57
Europe in 1740
Europe under Napoleon, 1810
Europe in 1815
Jacques-Louis David, The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the
Coronation of the Empress Josephine by Pope Pius II, 2 December 1804
Baron Antoine Jean Gros, Napoleon on the Battle Field of Eylau, 9 February 1807
Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Bonaparte in his Study at the Tuileries
58
59
60
Unit 8
Plate 8.1
Plate 8.2
Plate 8.3
Plate 8.4
Plate 8.5
50
51
Block 3
Unit 10
Plate 10.1(a)
Plate 10.1(b)
Plate 10.1(c)
Plate 10.1(d)
Plate 10.2
Unit 11
Plate 11.1
Plate 11.2
Block 5
Unit 17
Plate 17.1
Plate 17.2
Plate 17.3
Plate 17.4
Plate 17.5
Plate 17.6
61
62
63
Block 6
Unit 21
Plate 21.1
Plate 21.2
Plate 21.3
Plate 21.4
Plate 21.5
Plate 21.6
Plate 21.7
Plate 21.8
Crowds in London’s Piccadilly celebrating the relief of Mafeking
64
Map of the world showing the British possessions coloured in red
65
Map of Africa
66
George William Joy, General Gordon’s Last Stand
67
A. Sutherland, Omdurman – the first battle – 6.30 a.m. September 2nd, 1898 68-69
Pears’ Soap advert ‘The Formula of British Conquest’
70
Pears’ Soap advert, ‘Little Black Boy in Bath Washes White’
71
Photographer unknown, Undesirable Camp, Concentration Camp, South Africa
72
Unit 22
Plate 22.1
Plate 22.2
Plate 22.3
Plate 22.4
Plate 22.5
Plate 22.6
Jute and other fibres, in tons, retained for consumption in the United Kingdom,
1855–1915
Plan of Dundee
Alexander Wilson, Five Ships in Dundee Docks
Alexander Wilson, ‘Loch Garry’ in Dundee Harbour
Photographer unknown, Camperdown Jute Works, Dundee
Photographer unknown, Upper Mill Court, Dens Works, Dundee
73
74
75
76
77
78
Unit 23
Plate 23.1
Plate 23.2
Plate 23.3
Plate 23.4
‘Africa in 1895’
W. D. Armstrong, Mola and Yoka, two youths with severed arms
Alice Harris, Nsala of Wala with the severed hand and foot of his five year old
daughter murdered by ABIR militia
Alice Harris, Congo atrocities
79
80
81
81
Unit 24
Plate 24.1
Plate 24.2
Plate 24.3
‘Völker Europas wahrt eure heiligsten Güter!’ (Peoples of Europe Protect
your Holiest Possessions)
The Royal Cake or The Western Empires Sharing China Between Them
Photographer unknown, Herero people who fled before the German troops
during the rebellion
82
83
84
6
Plate 0.1
Bedford Book of Hours Clovis miniature. British Library, Additional Manuscript 18850 f. 288b. Photo: The British Library, London
7
Plate 1.1 French School, The Crucifixion of the Parlement of Paris, c.1449–50, mid fifteenth century, oil on wood, 2.26 x 2.7 m. Louvre, Paris.
Photo: © RMN / © Jean-Gilles Berizzi
8
Plate 1.2 Trial of the duke of Alençon, presided over by Charles VII, under a canopied throne. Miniature painting from Boccace, De Casibus,
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, Cod. Gall. 6 f. 2v. Photo: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich. The diamond-shaped room is dominated by the
arms of France. The room is hung with tapestries in bands of red, white and green, decorated with roses, and on which two winged stags (the
emblem of Charles VII) support the crowned coat of arms of France. Alençon, however, is not present in this scene.
9
10
Plate 1.3 Parisian painter, The Juvénal des Ursins family, c.1445–49, painting on wood, 1.65 x 3.5 m. Musée national de Moyen Âge, Paris. Photo: © RMN / Gérard Blot. The painting hung in the family chapel in
the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, founded at the time the painting was created.
Plate 1.4 Guillaume Juvénal as knight and chancellor, miniature painting from his manuscript of the Mare historiarum (Sea of Histories),
Bibliothèque nationale, Paris, ms latin 4915, fol. 21. Photo: Bibliothèque national de France, Paris
11
Plate 2.1 Olivier de Castille gives his daughter in marriage to Artus, miniature painting by Loyset Liedet from David Aubert’s L’Histoire d’Olivier de
Castille et d’Artus d’Algarbe. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, FR 12574, f. 181v. Photo: © Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
12
Plate 2.2
Rogier van der Weyden, The Last Judgement, c. 1451, oil on panel, Hotel Dieu, Beaune, France. Photo: The Bridgeman Art Library, London
13
Plate 2.3 Charles the Bold appoints his captains, miniature painting from Military Ordinances of Charles the Bold. British Library,
Add. MS 36619, f. 5. Photo: The British Library, London
14
Plate 2.4 Jacques de Guise, Philip the Good receives a copy of the Chronicles of Hainault, miniature painting from Chroniques de Hainaut, trans
Jean Wauquelin. Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, Brussells, MS 9242, f. 1. Photo: Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, Brussells
15
Plate 2.5 The Burgers of Ghent making the Honourable Amend before Philip the Good, 30 July 1453, miniature painting from Privileges and
Statutes of Ghent and Flanders. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod 2583 f. 349v. Photo: Picture Archives, Austrian National Library, Vienna
16
Edward III Reigned 1327–77
and others
Edward (1st son)
The Black prince
Died 1376
John of Gaunt (4th son)
DUKE OF LANCASTER
Died 1399
Blanche of Lancaster (I) =
HENRY IV
(Henry of Bolingbroke)
Born 1366
Reigned 1399–1413
John Beaufort
Earl of Somerset
Joan Beaufort = Ralph Neville
Earl of
Westmorland
Henry
Executed at
Hexam
in 1464
Edmund
Executed at
Tewkesbury
in 1471
Margaret
of Anjou
Edward
Prince of Wales
Killed in 1471 at the
Battle of Tewkesbury
Anne Neville who
married
(1) Edward, Prince of
Wales, son of Henry VI
(2) Richard, Duke of Gloucester, later
RICHARD III
Margaret = Edmund Tudor
Beaufort
Earl of Richmond
Lancaster
Legitimated but barred
from royal succession
York
=
Family tree of the extended family of Edward III
Anne Mortimer
THE HOUSE
OF YORK
Richard
Duke of York
Killed in 1460 at
the Battle of
Wakefield
Isobel Neville
who married
George, Duke of
Clarence
George
Duke of Clarence
Murdered in 1478
RICHARD III
=
(Duke of Gloucester)
Born 1452
Reigned 1483–85
Killed in 1485 at the
Battle of Bosworth
Anne Neville
Daughter of
Warwick the
Kingmaker
Died 1485
Elizabeth of York
EDWARD V
Born 1470
Reigned 3 months in 1483
Disappeared in 1483
Presumed murdered
HENRY VIII
The rose both white and rede
In one rose now doth growe
Plate 3.1
=
=
The Princes in the Tower
HENRY VII
Born 1457
Reigned 1485–1509
Key
Cicely Neville
EDWARD IV
Born 1442
Reigned 1461–83
Ousted in 1470
Reinstated 1471
Died 1483
THE HOUSE
OF TUDOR
Roger Mortimer
Earl of March
Richard
Earl of Cambridge
Executed in 1415
Richard Neville
Earl of Warwick
(The Kingmaker)
Killed in 1471 at the Battle of Barnet
John
Killed at
Tewkesbury
in 1471
Philippa
Countess of Ulster
Edmund
Duke of York
Killed at Battle of
Agincourt in 1415
Richard Neville
Earl of Salisbury
Edmund Beaufort
Duke of Somerset
Killed in in 1455
at the Battle of
St Albans
John Beaufort
Duke of Somerset
HENRY V
Born 1387
Reigned 1413–22
HENRY VI
=
Born 1421
Reigned 1422–61
Ousted in 1461
Reinstated in 1470
Murdered at the
Tower of London
in 1471
Lionel (3rd son)
Duke of Clarence
Died 1368
Edmund of Langley (5th son)
DUKE OF YORK
Died 1402
= (3) Katherine Swynford
THE HOUSE OF
LANCASTER
RICHARD II
Born 1367
Reigned 1377–99
Forced to abdicate
Murdered at Pontefract
Castle in 1400
William (2nd son)
Died in infancy
Richard
Duke of York
Disappeared in 1483
Presumed murdered
Edward
Prince of Wales
Died 1484
17
18
Plate 3.2
The Royal Window in north west transept, Canterbury Cathedral. Photo: Sonia Halliday Photographs and Laura Lushington.
Plate 3.3 The crown of Margaret of York, silver-gilt, enamels, precious stones and pearls, h. 13.2 cm, diam. 12.5 cm. Aachen Cathedral Treasury.
Photo: © Domkapitel Aachen / Pit Siebigs
19
Plate 3.4
20
The Beauchamp Pageant Plate 17. British Library, Cotton Julius E IV, art.6 f.9. Photo: The British Library, London
Plate 3.5
The Beauchamp Pageant Plate 27. British Library, Cotton Julius E IV, art. 6 f. 27v. Photo: The British Library, London
21
Plate 4.1 The seven sacrament font at St Mary and All
Saints’ Church, Little Walsingham, Norfolk. Photo:
National Monuments Record, Swindon
22
Plate 4.1 (detail) Matrimony on the seven sacrament font at St Mary and All Saints’
Church, Little Walsingham, Norfolk. Photo: National Monuments Record, Swindon
23
Plate 4.2
24
The north screen at Burlingham St Andrew, Norfolk, donated by the Benet family. Photo: National Monuments Record, Swindon
Plate 4.3 Stained-glass panel
showing a lay donor couple with
roundel of the Virgin and Child,
Church of St Nicholas, Stanford on
Avon, Northamptonshire,
late 15th or early 16th century,
h. 59 cm. w. 60 cm.
Photo: © Barley Studio, Church
Balk, Dunnington, York YO19 5LH
25
Plate 4.4 Register of the Fraternity of the Holy and Undivided Trinity and Blessed Virgin Mary, 1475–1546, vellum ff.130, 28.6 x 20.5 cm.
Luton Museum Service (1984/127). Photo: © Luton Museum Service, Bedfordshire
26
Plate 4.5 Gerard Loyet, votive image
of Charles the Bold, 1467–1471,
53 x 32 x 17.5 cm. Trésor de la
Cathedrale de Liège.
Photo: © IRPA-KIK, Brussels
27
Plate 4.6
28
Henry VI of England at the shrine of St Edmund, after 1433. British Library, Harley MS 2278, f.4v. Photo: The British Library, London
29
Plate 4.7 The Our Father from The Arte or Crafte to Lyve Well, Wynken de Worde, 1506, f. xv, Cambridge University Library, Syn.5.50.1. Photo: Cambridge University Library. The Arte or Crafte to Lyve
Well contained woodcuts with text such as this one illustrating the Lord’s Prayer or ‘Our Father’ (rendered as ‘Our fader that art in heve[n] sa[n]citified by thy name. Thy kingdom come to us’ etc.
Plate 5.1 Lucas Cranach, the Elder, Christ Clears the Temple and The Pope’s Selling of Indulgences, woodcut from Martin Luther, Passional
Christi und Antichristi. [Wittenberg, 1521], f. C4 v. and f. Dir. Photo: AKG-Images, London
30
31
Plate 5.2 About the Origin of the Monks. About the Origin of Antichrist, 1551. Photo: Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, Germany, 95.10
Quodl. 2 f .75
32
33
Plate 5.3
The monk as spoon-seller, c.1520, woodcut, Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. Photo: BPK/Jörg P. Anders
34
Plate 5.4
Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg, Wittenberg, 1558, copperplate engraving, later coloured. Photo: AKG-Images, London
35
Plate 6.1 Mathias Quad or studio of Franz Hogenberg, Map of the City of Geneva, c. 1603, etching and watercolour, 19.4 x 29.1 cm.
Photo: Centre d’Iconographie Genevoise, Bibliothèque publique et universitaire, Geneva: inv. Ia Rés. 2200, pl. 99
Plate 7.1 Girdle prayer book, early sixteenth century, gold, enamel shell cameo and paper. Private Collection. Photo: V&A Picture Library.
These tiny books were often ornate and bejewelled, as befitted their noble and royal wearers. This example demonstrates the girdle book’s
fashionable and decorative function as well as its religious purpose.
36
Plate 7.2 The Byble in Englyshe, printed by Richard Grafton and Edward Whitchurch, London, 1539. Title page of the Great Bible on
which Henry VIII distributes the Holy Scriptures to the clergy and laity. Photo: The Bridgeman Art Library, London
37
Plate 7.3 Title page from The Bishop’s Bible, quarto edition, Richard Jugge, London, 1569. British Library 1105 f. 1.
Photo: The British Library, London. Compare this image with Plate 7.2
38
Plate 7.4 Embroidered prayer book translation of Queen Catherine’s Prayers or Meditations, handwritten book with embroidered cover.
British Library, Royal MS 7. D.x. Photo: The British Library, London
39
40
Plate 7.5a Chalice for the Mass, c.1500, London, silver, partly gilt. Victoria and Albert
Museum, London, on loan from the Parish of Wool, East Stoke and Coombe Keynes.
Photo: © V&A Images/Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Plate 7.5b Cup for the Communion, c.1560, London, silver; mark is a stag’s head, probably
for Robert Taylboyes, Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Photo: © V&A Images/Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Plate 7.6 Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, Elizabeth I, The Ditchley Portrait, c.1592, oil on canvas, 241.3 x 152.4 cm.
Photo: National Portrait Gallery, London
41
Plate 7.7 Genealogical tree showing the descent of Elizabeth from King Rollo. British Library, Kings MS. 396. f. 3v and f. 4r.
Photo: The British Library, London
42
43
Plate 7.8
44
Cope showing the morse. Photo: © Allan B. Barton
Plate 7.9
Cope showing the vestigial hood. Photo: © Allan B. Barton
45
46
Plate 7.10 British School, Triptych with the text of the Ten Commandments, c.1550–1600, oil on three jointed panels, 127 (at highest point) x 203. 9cm. (open). Photo: The Friends of
the Parish Church of St Mary, Preston St Mary, Suffolk. The triptych folded when out of use. It was decorated with texts on all sides.
47
Plate 8.1
Anon, The Iconoclasm, 1566, engraving, 17.8 x 22 cm. Rijksprentenkabinet Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Photo: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
48
Plate 8.2
Anon, The Throne of the Duke of Alva, 1569, engraving, 22.5 x 28.5 cm. Photo: Stichting Atlas van Stolk, Historisch Museum, Rotterdam
49
Plate 8.3
Anon, The Throne of the Duke of Alva, 1569, copperplate engraving on paper, 28.5 x 40 cm. Photo: Museum Catharijneconvent, Utrecht, ABM g00209
Plate 8.4 Anon, The Duke of Alva’s mission to the Netherlands and the effects of his Tyranny, 1572, engraving, 18.5 x 13.5 cm.
Photo: Stichting Atlas van Stolk, Historisch Museum, Rotterdam
50
Plate 8.5 Anon, The Duke of Alva’s mission to the Netherlands and the effects of his Tyranny, 1572, engraving, 18.5 x 13.5 cm.
Photo: Stichting Atlas van Stolk, Historisch Museum, Rotterdam
51
Plate 10.1(a)
Elizabeth II
52
Anthony Van Dyck, Charles I in Garter Robes, 1636. The Royal Collection. © 2006 Her Majesty Queen
Plate 10.1(b) Anthony Van Dyck, Archbishop William Laud, c.1635-37, oil on canvas, 121.6 x 97.1 cm. Fitzwilliam Museum, University of
Cambridge. Photo: Bridgeman Art Library
53
Plate 10.1(c) Anthony Van Dyck, Robert Rich, Second Earl of Warwick, c.1634, oil on canvas, 208 x 128 cm.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jules Bache Collection, 1949 (49.7.26). Photo: © 1998 The Metropolitan
Museum of Art
54
Plate 10.1(d) Anthony Van Dyck, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford and his Secretary, Sir Philip Mainwaring, c.1634, oil on canvas,
123.2 x 139.7 cm. Private Collection. Photo: Bridgeman Art Library / Peter Willi
55
Plate 10.2 Plan of the altar and rails from William Laud’s chapel when bishop of St David’s. Illustrated in William
Prynne, Canterburies Doome; or the first part of a compleat history of the commitment, charge, tryall, condemnation,
execution of William Laud, late Arch-bishop of Canterbury, London, 1646, p.122. Photo: The British Library
56
Plate 11.1 The execution of the Militia Ordinance, May–October 1642. From Anthony
Fletcher, The Outbreak of the English Civil War, London, Edward Arnold, 1981, p. 349
Plate 11.2 The execution of Commissions of Array, July–October 1642. From Anthony Fletcher, The
Outbreak of the English Civil War, London, Edward Arnold, 1981, p. 357
57
58
Plate 17.1 ‘Europe in 1740’ from Muir, 1920, Philips’ New Historical Atlas for Students, map 10
59
Plate 17.2 ‘Europe under Napoleon, 1810’ from Muir, 1920, Philips’ New Historical Atlas for Students, map 11
60
Plate 17.3 ‘Europe in 1815’ from Muir, 1920, Philips’ New Historical Atlas for Students, map 12
Plate 17.4 Jacques-Louis David, The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of the Empress Josephine by Pope Pius II, 2 December 1804, 1806-7, oil on canvas, 610
x 931 cm. Louvre, Paris. Photo: AKG-Images / Erich Lessing. David (1748–1825) became, virtually, the official artist for both various revolutionary regimes and Napoleon. The sacre
shows the moment during Napoleon’s coronation as emperor when he crowned his wife, Josephine, as empress. The painting takes a series of liberties with the actual event. Napoleon’s
mother is to be seen among the women behind the empress, though she was not present at the ceremony itself. The other women are Napoleon’s sisters and, for all the serenity
portrayed here, it is known that they were all sulking and furious about having to carry the train of their sister-in-law. The hand of Pope Pius VII is raised in a blessing; originally the
pope’s hands were in his lap, but it was considered preferable to have a blessing in the finished painting. The sacre was exhibited in Paris in 1808 and the police reported on the
crowd’s favourable reactions: ‘… cries of Vive l’Empereur are heard on all sides’. (Source: Clive Emsley, Napoleon: Conquest, Reform, Reorganisation, London, Longman, 2003)
61
62
Plate 17.5 Baron Antoine Jean Gros, Napoleon on the Battle Field of Eylau, 9 February 1807, 1808, oil on canvas, 521 x 784 cm. Louvre, Paris. Photo: The Bridgeman Art Library. Gros (1771–
1835) was a pupil of David. Gros idealised Napoleon and represented the emperor as he wished to be portrayed. In 1804, Gros painted a Christ-like General Bonaparte touching plague victims
in the pest house at Jaffa – a glorious, imaginary incident from the Egyptian campaign of 1799. A similar Christ-like Napoleon is shown here, blessing the dead, wounded and dying on the
morning following the battle of Eylau. Napoleon claimed this stalemate, fought against the Russians in February 1807, as a victory. But it was only a victory in as much as the French stayed on
the battlefield on the night after the battle. Napoleon’s bulletin claimed a victory. Gros’s painting subsequently cemented the claim. (Source: Timothy Wilson-Smith, Napoleon and his Artists,
London, Constable, 1996, p. 163)
Plate 17.6 Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Bonaparte in his Study at the Tuileries, 1812, oil on canvas, 205 x 128 cm.
Private Collection. Photo: The Bridgeman Art Library. Napoleon liked this picture more than any of the others that
David painted of him. He told the artist: ‘You have understood me, my dear David, in the night I am occupied with the
happiness of my subjects and during the day I work for their glory.’ The guttering candle suggests night; the clock on the
wall shows the time to be 4.13, presumably the early hours. There are papers all over Napoleon’s desk, the top one of
which carries the heading ‘Code’, referring to the Napoleonic Legal Code. His sword is across his chair. Napoleon himself
appears alert and clear-eyed. (Source: Timothy Wilson-Smith, Napoleon and his Artists, London, Constable, 1996, p. 157)
63
64
Plate 21.1 Crowds in London’s Piccadilly celebrating the relief of Mafeking, 1902, engraving. Photo: Getty Images
65
Plate 21.2 Map of the world showing the British possessions coloured in red, from A Coloured Atlas of the World, 1896. Photo: The British Library Maps 40.c.67
66
Plate 21.3 Map of Africa, from Bacon’s Excelsior Reference Atlas, 1912. Photo: The British Library
Plate 21.4 George William Joy, General Gordon’s Last Stand, c.1893, oil on canvas, 236 x 175 cm. Leeds Museums and Galleries (City Art Gallery).
Photo: Bridgeman Art Library
67
Plate 21.5 A. Sutherland, Omdurman – the first battle – 6.30 a.m. September 2nd, 1898, engraving,
68
printed by G. W. Bacon & Co. Ltd., London. Photo: Courtesy of the Council of the National Army Museum, London
69
Plate 21.6 Pears’ Soap advert ‘The Formula of British Conquest’, 1887. Photo: Mary Evans Picture Library. Reproduced with
kind permission of Unilever
70
Plate 21.7 Pears’ Soap advert, ‘Little Black Boy in Bath Washes White’, 1890s. Photo: Courtesy of The
Advertising Archives. Reproduced with kind permission of Unilever
71
72
Plate 21.8
Photographer Unknown, Undesirable Camp, Concentration Camp, South Africa. Foreign & Commonwealth Office, London. Photo: Bridgeman Art Library
300,000
200,000
Tons
100,000
Jute (United Kingdom)
Jute (Dundee)
Hemp, Flax and Codilla (Dundee)
0
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
Plate 22.1 Jute and other fibres, in tons, retained for consumption in the United Kingdom, 1855–1915. Based on Figure 20 in Oliver
Graham, ‘The Dundee Jute Industry, 1828-1928’, no date, unpublished typescript in the possession of Dundee University Archive
73
74
Plate 22.2 Plan of Dundee, from Scott Moncrieff Penney, Handbook for Travellers in Scotland, 8th ed. Remodelled, London: Edward Stanford; Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1903, between pp. 276–7
75
Plate 22.3
Alexander Wilson, Five Ships in Dundee Docks, c.1888, photograph from an original glass negative. Photo: Dundee City Council, Central Library
76
Plate 22.4
Alexander Wilson, ‘Loch Garry’ in Dundee Harbour, c.1888, from an original glass negative. Photo: Dundee City Council, Central Library
Plate 22.5
Photographer unknown, Camperdown Jute Works, Dundee, c.1908, from the Dundee Photographic Survey, Volume 1, Industry. Photo: Dundee City Council, Central Library
77
78
Plate 22.6
Library
Photographer unknown, Upper Mill Court, Dens Works c.1910, Dundee, from the Dundee Photographic Survey, Volume 1, Industry. Photo: Dundee City Council, Central
Plate 23.1 ‘Africa in 1895’ from Roland Oliver and G. N. Sanderson (eds) The Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 6, From 1870 to 1905,
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 146
79
Plate 23.2 W.D. Armstrong (attrib.), Mola and Yoka, two youths with severed arms, one sitting, one standing, 1903, lantern slide.
Photo: Anti-Slavery International
80
Plate 23.3 Alice Harris, Nsala of Wala with the severed hand and foot of his five year old daughter murdered by ABIR militia, 1903,
lantern slide. Photo: Anti-Slavery International /Alice Harris
Plate 23.4 Alice Harris, Congo atrocities: Men of Nsongo District (ABIR concession) with hands of two of their countrymen Lingomo and
Bolenge murdered by rubber sentries in May 1904. The two white men are Mr Stannard and Mr Harris of the Congo Balolo Mission at Baringa.
Photo: Anti-Slavery International /Alice Harris
81
82
Plate 24.1 ‘Völker Europas wahrt eure heiligsten Güter!’ (Peoples of Europe Protect your Holiest Possessions), finished sketch, drawn by Hermann Knackfuß after a rough sketch by Kaiser Wilhelm.
Photo: Museum Huis Doorn, Netherlands
Plate 24.2 The Royal Cake or The Western Empires Sharing China Between Them, from Le Petit Journal, c.1898, Private Collection.
Photo: The Bridgeman Art Library, London
83
84
Plate 24.3 Photographer unknown, Herero people who fled before the German troops during the rebellion photographed after their return from the desert, 1904/5,
photograph. Photo: Ullstein Bild