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Thermachem
drainage solutions
for aggressive
environments
High density
vitrified clay system
for chemical
and thermal shock
resistance
email: [email protected]
web: www.naylor.co.uk
Telephone:
01226 794056
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Email:
thermachem@
naylor.co.uk
Contents
Properties of clay
1
How to use this brochure
1
Thermachem overview
2
Applications, technical support and quality
3
Coupling types
4
Chemical resistance table
5
Pipes and Fittings (dimensions & product codes)
7
Site instructions
13
Jointing - chemical couplings
14
Jointing - push fit couplings
15
Trench excavation and pipe laying
16
Testing and backfilling
17
Flow charts
18
Bedding materials
19
Properties of
Clay
Vitrified clay is an inert material and provides excellent levels of protection
against many standard chemicals. Clay is the ideal material choice in
aggressive environments and gives many advantages in installation and
during its life.
• High strength - meaning easier to install and requiring less bedding
materials
• Environmentally friendly - least retained co2 of all drainage materials
• Long lasting - Design life of 100+ years with no deterioration in
product
To provide even greater levels of protection against
aggressive chemicals and to deal with thermal shock
Naylor has developed its Thermachem drainage
system manufactured from a specialist blend
of clay and minerals.
How to use
this brochure
This brochure is designed to help you get the right
solution for your drainage when exposed to aggressive conditions.
Firstly, please refer to the chemical resistance table on pages 5 and 6 to
ensure the Thermachem drainage can meet the conditions on your project
and find out which coupling options will be suitable for your project.
You can then refer to the coupling details on page 4 to
identify from the suitable coupling materials which
one is the best solution for your project, paying
particular attention to the maximum
temperatures the couplings can handle.
The product range is detailed on pages 7 to 12
and details the pipes, fittings and channel
available as standard. If you don’t find what you
need we may still be able to make it for you, please
contact our specification team on 01226 794056 or
[email protected] for more details.
1
Thermachem
Drainage solutions to handle
aggressive chemicals and
thermal shock
Through extensive research and
development Naylor has developed a high
performance clay mix and firing cycle to
produce a dense ceramic material that
provides excellent resistance to thermal
shock and aggressive chemicals.
Thermal Shock
Thermal shock can cause cracks and fractures
to appear in standard drainage materials leading
to premature failure of drainage systems and
potential leaks. Naylor Thermachem has been
independently tested and can instantly handle a
temperature gradient up to 120°C, meaning a
standard pipeline with a temperature of 20°C can
instantly handle effluent up to 140°C. Even
higher temperatures can be handled if the
temperature is increased gradually.
TABLE 1 - Maximum Recommended Effluent Temperatures
System
Pipeline Temperature (°C)
-10°
Hathernware
110°
Standard Clayware 60°
0°
120°
70°
10°
130°
80°
20°
140°
90°
30°
150°
100°
Chemical Resistance
Aggressive chemicals can corrode most types of
standard drainage including plastic, clay, steel
and concrete leading to potential leaks of
hazardous waste. The dense make up of Naylor
Thermachem material makes it highly resistant to
a wide range of chemical effluents. The
Thermachem chemical resistance chart details
the resistance of Naylor Thermachem to a wide
range of commonly used chemicals.
2
Maximum Safe
Temperature
Gradient (°C)
120°
70°
Brewery
Chemical Plants
Power Plants
Hospitals
Food Processing
Laboratories
Dairies
Industry
Contaminated ground, chemical spills
Thermachem
drainage
applications
Naylor Thermachem drainage is
specified and used wherever
there is a potential issue with
thermal shock and/or aggressive
chemicals attacking the drainage
pipelines.
Naylor has case study details on
projects supplied to a number of
the industries and applications
shown above. Visit the
Thermachem section of our
website or contact us for details.
Technical Support
Naylors technical team can help with advice on
the most appropriate drainage solution for your
project. Call us on 01226 794056 or E-mail on
[email protected] with details of your
drainage requirements and we’ll help point you
in the right direction.
Quality Assurance
Naylor Thermachem drainage is manufactured
and certified to the standards of BS EN295,
certified under Kitemark certificate No: KM
20173.
Naylor has BS EN ISO 9001 : 2008 certification.
Certificate No: FM 01420.
3
Couplings for chemical
resistence
There are a range of couplings available to join Thermachem pipes which provide resistance to both
thermal shock and aggressive chemicals. An outline of each coupling is shown below.
High grade polypropylene casing with EPDM rubber
seal (PP/EPDM)
Standard chemical coupler resistant to a large number of
chemicals.
High grade polypropylene casing with NBR (Nitrile
Rubber) seal (PP/NBR)
Provides resistance to a few different chemicals to
EPDM seals, in particular petroleum products.
FluoroPolymer Liner with PTFE seals and Band-Seal
Coupler (FEP/PTFE)
Provides an excellent level of resistance to a large range
of aggressive chemicals.
Couplings for temperature resistance
Standard couplers with polypropylene casings and EPDM seals provide excellent re-sistance to
thermal shock and high temperatures. Where alternate couplings are required to handle chemical
effluents the following temperature limits apply.
TABLE 2 - Maximum Operating Temperatures for Joint Materials are given below
Maximum Continuous Temperature (°C)
Maximum Intermittent Temperature (°C)
Coupling Type
PP/EPDM
110°
120°
PP/NBR
100°
120°
FEP/PTFE
200°
200°
Chemical Resistance Chart
Review the Naylor Chemical Resistance Chart to determine the most appropriate coupling solution for
your chemical(s).
4
Chemical & Substance
Resistance Chart
Coupler Types
PP / EPDM
High Grade Polypropylene casing with EPDM rubber seal
High Grade Polypropylene casing with Nitrile rubber seal
PP / NBR
Fluoropolymer Liner with Band-Seal coupling and PTFE seals
FEP / PTFE
Key to use
3 Excellent for use
? See comments and check suitability with Naylor
7 Unsatisfactory for use
Ethanol / Alcohol
Chloroethane
C2H 5OH
C2H 5CL
Methanal
Methanoic acid
CH2O
HCOOH
Hydrogen bromide
Muriatic acid
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen dioxide / Hydroperoxide
Aviation fuel / Jet fuel
Milk acid / Sour milk acid
Sugar of lead
HBr
HCl
HF
H 2O2
Sal Ammoniac
Household ammonia / Ammonia solution
Phenylamine / Aminobenzene
Anilinium chloride
Benzoic aldehyde / Oil of bitter almonds
Benzol
Phenylmethanol / Phenylcarbinol
Sodium tetraborate / Sodium borate
Boracic acid / Ortho boric acid
N-Butanol
Butyl ethanoate
Butanoic acid
Hydrated lime / Lime / Slaked lime
Chlorine powder / Bleach powder
Tetrachloromethane
Monochloroacetic acid (MCA)
Benzene Chloride / Phenyl Chloride
Thrichloromethane
Sulfurochloridic acid
Epsom salts
2-hydroxybutanedioc acid
Tar Camphor / Moth Repellant
Aqua fortis
Hyperchloric acid
Gasoline
Orthophosphoric acid
Potash
C2H 4OHCOOH
(Pb(CH3COO) 2 )
MgCl 2
Mg(NO 3 )2
MgSO4
HO 2CCH2CHOHCO 2H
C10H 8
NiCl2
NiSO4
HNO3
H 2O 2C4
HClO4
C3O 4P
KBr
K2CO 3
FEP / PTFE
Cupric nitrate
Blue vitriol / Cupric sulphate
CH3 COOH
(CH3)2CO
AlCl 3
AlPO 4
Al 2(SO4)3
(NH 4)2CO3
NH 4Cl
NH 4OH
C5H 11Cl
C6H 5NH2
C6H 8ClN
BaCl 2
Ba(OH)2
C6H 5CHO
C6H 6
C6H 5COOH
C6H 5CH2OH
Na 2B4O 7.10H 2O
H 3BO3
Br 2
C4H 9OH
C6H 12O2
CH3CH2CH2-COOH
CaCl2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(ClO)2
CCl4
ClCH2CO 2H
HClO3
C6H 5Cl
CHCl3
HSO 3Cl
C6H 8O 7H 20
CoCl2
Cu(NO 3)2
CuSO4
Ethanoic acid / Vinegar / Glacial acetic
Dimethyl ketone / DMK
PP / NBR
Chemical or
Molecular Formula
(if relevant)
PP / EPDM
Acetic acid (30%)
Acetone
Aluminium chloride
Aluminium phosphate
Aluminium sulphate
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium hydroxide
Amyl chloride
Aniline
Aniline hydrochloride
Barium chloride
Barium hydroxide
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Benozoic acid
Benzyl alcohol
Borax
Boric acid
Bromine
Butyl alcohol
Butyl acetate
Butyric acid
Calcium chloride
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium hypochlorite
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloracetic acid
Chloric acid
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chlorosulfuric acid
Citric acid
Cobalt chloride
Copper nitrate
Copper sulphate
Ether
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl chloride
Fatty acids
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Fruit Juices
Furfural
Gallic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Kerosene
Lactic acid
Lead (II) acetate
Magnesium chloride
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium sulphate
Malic Acid
Mercury
Methanol
Methyl Chloride
Naphthalene
Nickel chloride
Nickel sulphate
Nitric acid
Oxalic acid
Perchloric Acid
Petroleum
Phosphoric acid
Picric acid
Potassium bromide
Potassium carbonate
Alternative
Name(s)
Thermachem
Chemical /
Substance
Coupler - Case/Seal
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
?
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
7
?
3
3
3
7
7
7
3
3
7
?
7
3
3
3
?
7
7
?
7
7
7
3
3
3
3
7
3
7
7
3
3
3
7
?
7
?
7
7
7
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
7
7
3
3
?
?
?
7
?
7
3
3
3
7
3
3
3
7
3
7
7
7
?
3
3
7
7
7
7
3
3
7
3
7
7
3
3
?
7
7
7
7
7
7
?
3
3
3
7
3
7
?
7
7
3
7
?
7
?
7
7
?
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
7
3
3
7
?
7
?
7
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Condition of use if ?
(Contact Naylor for
clarification of conditions)
Resistance unknown - contact Naylor for info.
Potential slow attack from high temp.
OK in small amounts, otherwise slow attack
Slow attack from frequent hot discharges
Resistance unknown - contact Naylor for info.
Potential slow attack
Slow attack from strong solutions
Resistance unknown - contact Naylor for info.
Resistance unknown - contact Naylor for info.
EPDM OK to 20°C, NBR OK to 60°C & 10% conc.
Potential slow attack
Potential slow attack
Ok if very dilute
Only use up to 20°C, potential slow attack on NBR
Potential slow attack
Slow attack, increasing with temperature.
OK to 20% conc.
Hot, strong solution may attack clay
5
Chemical & Substance
Resistance Chart
Coupler Types
PP / EPDM
High Grade Polypropylene casing with EPDM rubber seal
High Grade Polypropylene casing with Nitrile rubber seal
PP / NBR
Fluoropolymer Liner with Band-Seal coupling and PTFE seals
FEP / PTFE
Key to use
3 Excellent for use
? See comments and check suitability with Naylor
7 Unsatisfactory for use
FEP / PTFE
Caustic potash
PP / NBR
Dipotassium salt
Potassium prussate
Potassium bichromate
Chemical or
Molecular Formula
(if relevant)
PP / EPDM
Potassium chlorate
Potassium chloride
Potassium chromate
Potassium cyanide
Potassium dichromate
Potassium fluoride
Potassium hydroxide
Alternative
Name(s)
Thermachem
Chemical /
Substance
Coupler - Case/Seal
KClO 3
KCl
K2CrO4
KCN
K2Cr 2O7
KF
KOH
3
3
3
?
3
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
?
?
?
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
7
3
?
?
3
?
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
?
3
3
3
3
7
7
7
?
?
7
7
7
7
?
?
3
3
3
3
3
7
7
?
7
7
7
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Potassium nitrate
Potassium permanganate
Potassium sulphate
Potassium sulphide
Propylene dichloride
Sal ammoniac
Silver nitrate
Sodium acetate
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bisulphate
Sodium bisulphite
Sodium bromide
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chloride
Sodium cyanide
Sodium fluoride
Sodium hydroxide
Saltpetre / Nitrate of potash
Permanganate of potash
KNO3
KMnO4
K2SO4
Lunar Caustic
AgNO3
CH3COONa
NaHCO3
Caustic soda
NaOH
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium nitrate
Sodium sulphate
Sodium sulphide
Sodium Sulphite
Stannic chloride
Stannous chloride
Sulphur chloride
Sulphuric acid
Sulphurous acid
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Turpentine
Xylene
(ortho-, meta- and para-)
Bleach
Chile saltpetre
Thenardite
NaClO
NaNO3
Na 2SO4
Na 2 S
Tin (IV) chloride
Tin (II) chloride
SnCl4
SnCl2
Oil of Vitreol
Pine Oil
Dimethyl benzene
H 2SO4
H 2SO3
C6H5CH3
C2HCl3
C10H 16
C6H 4(CH3)2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Zinc sulphate
White vitriol
ZnSO4
3
Bicarbonate of Soda / Baking soda
Washing soda
Common salt
Methylbenzene
NaBr
Na2 CO3
NaClO3
NaCl
NaCN
Condition of use if ?
(Contact Naylor for
clarification of conditions)
Hot, strong solution may attack clay
OK to 6% conc. and 50°C. Potential slow
attack above.
Moderate resistance
Potential slow attack
Resistance unknown - contact Naylor for info.
OK to 20°C
Hot, strong solution may attack clay
Resistance unknown - contact Naylor for info.
Thermachem OK if cold and up to 4% / NBR
slowly attacked.
Attacked by strong solutions
Potential slow attack
Up to 50% concentration OK if 20 °C or below.
Potential slow attack
If you need information on any chemicals that don’t appear on the list or require clarification on any conditions please contact
Naylors technical Thermachem team on +44 (0) 1226 794056 or [email protected]
This table is intended as a guide for use by specifiers and contractors and is based on research of openly available data
undertaken by Naylor. It has been compiled with great care but it is recommended that anyone using the table checks
material suitability with another source to cover for any potential errors. As Naylor cannot be aware of site conditions and
actual chemicals discharged. Naylor can not provide any warranties against chemical attack. If you do find anything wrong
with this table please let us know and we’ll put it right.
6
Drainage Product Range
Pipes
L
Thermachem
DN
Code
L
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83036
83030
†
83037
†
83044
83450
83122
83190
1.25M
1.25M
1.25M
1.25M
1.25M
1.25M
1.25M
1.25M
1.00M
Different lengths available to order. † Contact Naylor for Code
Bends (90°)
R
L
DN
Code
L
R
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83382
83385
83112
83041
83060
83045
†
83135
†
190
230
250
310
310
360
*
*
*
150
190
250
250
300
300
*
*
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
15°, 30° and 60° Bends also available
Bends (45°)
R
L
DN
Code
L
R
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83383
83387
83102
83040
83061
83033
†
†
†
190
230
250
310
310
360
*
*
*
375
475
600
600
600
600
*
*
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Bends (22½°)
R
L
DN
Code
L
R
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83377
83402
†
83039
83031
8303
†
†
†
150
180
*
250
*
250
*
*
*
750
900
*
1200
*
1200
*
*
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Bends (11¼°)
R
L
DN
Code
L
R
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83376
83401
†
83038
83032
83035
†
†
†
120
175
245
245
245
245
*
*
*
1500
1750
2400
2400
2400
2400
*
*
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
7
Rest Bend
L
L
R
DN
Code
L
R
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83073
83089
†
83484
†
83085
†
†
†
250
270
*
310
*
360
*
*
*
220
250
*
250
*
300
*
*
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Oblique Junction 45°
L1
L2
L3
DN
Code
L1
L2
L3
100x100
150x100
150x150
200x150
200x200
225x100
225x150
225x225
250x150
250x200
250x250
300x100
300x150
300x200
300x225
300x250
300x300
83378
83379
83384
†
83113
83042
83031
83043
†
83062
83126
83024
83025
83158
83047
83159
83048
380
450
450
*
*
500
500
700
*
*
*
500
600
*
750
*
900
250
330
330
*
*
380
360
530
*
*
*
360
480
*
530
*
600
240
300
350
*
*
375
420
500
*
*
*
420
490
*
550
*
615
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Curved Square Junction 90°
L2
L1
L3
DN
Code
L1
L2
L3
100x100
150x100
150x150
200x150
200x200
225x100
225x150
225x225
250x150
250x200
250x250
300x100
300x150
300x200
300x225
300x250
300x300
83074
83080
83081
†
83115
83487
83082
83083
83125
83063
83064
†
83486
83160
83420
83058
83428
380
450
450
*
*
500
600
700
*
*
*
500
600
*
750
*
900
145
225
185
*
*
175
220
290
*
*
*
200
240
*
330
*
350
180
180
225
*
*
275
290
300
*
*
*
300
320
*
370
*
550
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Square P Gully
L1
DN
Code
L1
100
100
150
200
225
83101
83189
83188
†
†
150
225
225
275
300
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
8
Square Hopper
L
DN
Code
L
100
100
150
225
83110
†
83307
†
150
200
225
300
Also available in larger diameters and different configurations.
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Horizontal Inlet
L
DN Outlet
Code
DN Inlet
L
100
150
150
200
200
225
225
225
83482
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
100
150
100
200
150
225
150
100
150
225
225
275
275
300
300
300
Also available in larger diameters and different configurations.
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Vertical Inlet
L
DN Outlet
Code
DN Inlet
L
100
150
150
200
200
225
225
225
83483
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
100
100
150
200
150
100
150
225
100
100
150
200
150
100
150
225
Also available in larger diameters and different configurations.
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Rectangular Inlet
DN
Code
L
W
H
100
150
†
†
335
335
205
205
265
175
Also available in larger diameters and different configurations.
† Contact Naylor for Code
Low Back Trap
P Outlet 92½°
DN
Code
100
150
200
225
250
300
83388
83071
†
†
†
83124
Also available in larger diameters.
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
9
Loose Grate
For P Gully & Hoppers
Size
Code
150x150
83111
Made from Pipe material
Made to Order
Couplings
DN
EPDM Seals as standard
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
Nitrile also available
L2
L1
Code - EPDM Code - Nitrile
83103
83104
†
83105
†
83106
†
†
†
83203
83204
†
83207
†
83208
†
†
†
L1
L2
155
220
300
320
350
410
*
*
*
90
120
160
155
155
190
*
*
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Taper
L
D1
D2
DN
D1 - D2
100-150
150-200
150-225
200-250
225-300
250-300
Code
L
83398
†
83029
†
83046
†
300
*
380
*
500
*
† Contact Naylor for Code * Dimensions on request
Stoppers
DN
Code
100
150
200
225
250
300
375
450
500
83171
83151
83067
83SP/09
83066
83150
†
†
83192
† Contact Naylor for Code
Lubricant
Tub Size
Code
1 Kg
2.5 Kg
50001
50002
Average Number of Joints per 1Kg Tub
DN 100 = approx 100 joints
DN 150 = approx 50 joints
DN 225 = approx 30 joints
DN 300 = approx 24 joints
10
Pipes
DN
Code
Butt
Code
Socketed
L
100
150
225
300
375
400
450
83084
83059
83169
83003
†
†
†
†
83488
†
†
†
†
†
1.0M
1.0M
1.0M
1.0M
1.0M
1.0M
1.0M
† Contact Naylor for Code
Bends (Butt)
DN
90°
Code
45°
Code
22.5°
Code
100
150
225
300
375
400
450
83098
83094
83306
†
†
†
†
83386
83140
83305
†
†
†
†
83099
83202
†
†
†
†
†
90° LH
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
45° LH
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
22.5° LH 11.25° LH
Code
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
90° RH
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
45° RH
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
22.5° RH 11.25° RH
Code
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
11.25°
Code
†
83205
†
†
†
†
†
† Contact Naylor for Code
Bends (Socketed)
DN
100
150
225
300
375
400
450
DN
100
150
225
300
375
400
450
† Contact Naylor for Code
Junctions (Butt)
DN
Main
DN
Arm
100
150
150
225
225
225
300
300
300
300
100
100
150
100
150
225
100
150
225
300
LH Obl.
Code
†
†
83079
83406
83407
83206
†
†
†
†
LH Sq.
Code
†
83197
83174
†
†
83405
†
†
83096
†
RH Obl. RH Sq.
Code
Code
†
83431
83427 83196
83078 83173
83430
†
83077 83095
†
83170
†
†
†
†
83097
†
83149
†
Also available in larger diameters.
† Contact Naylor for Code
11
Junctions (Socketed)
DN
Main
100
150
150
225
225
225
300
300
300
300
DN
Arm
100
100
150
100
150
225
100
150
225
300
LH Obl. LH Sq. RH Obl. RH Sq.
Code
Code
Code
Code
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
Also available in larger diameters.
† Contact Naylor for Code
Junctions (Socketed)
DN
Main
100
150
225
300
DN Double
Arm Oblique
100
†
150 83404
225
†
300
†
Oblique
Code
†
†
†
†
Double
Square
†
†
†
†
Square
Code
†
†
†
†
Also available in larger diameters.
† Contact Naylor for Code
Bends ¾ Section
DN
Type
LH Code
RH Code
100
100
100
100
150
150
150
150
225
225
225
225
C
D
E
F
C
D
E
F
C
D
E
F
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
Kenon
Code
DN
†
100
†
150
†
225
†
300
Reverse Action
Code
DN
†
100
†
150
-
Increaser Socketed
DN to DN Code
100-150
†
150-225
†
225-300
†
300-375
†
375-450
†
Reducer Socketed
DN to DN Code
†
150-100
†
225-150
†
300-225
†
375-300
†
450-375
Also available in larger diameters.
† Contact Naylor for Code
Manhole Interceptors
Winser or Dublin
Code
DN
†
100
†
150
†
225
†
300
† Contact Naylor for Code
Tapers / Reducers
Taper Butt*
DN to DN Code
100-150 83092
150-225 83093
225-300
†
-
Also available in larger diameters.
† Contact Naylor for Code
12
Sitework Instructions
Unloading
Access to site must be over a hard road capable of
supporting a fully laden vehicle. The delivery vehicle
must be parked on firm, flat ground. Naylor pipes
are delivered to site in packs weighing between 1
and 1.9 tonnes. Fittings are usually supplied in
crates. Any loose fittings should be removed by
hand from the delivery vehicle before other goods
are unloaded.
There is usually a choice between:
1 Use of Naylor Moffatt self-loading vehicle
If you require this service, please request when
making delivery arrangements.
The Moffatt is detached from the trailer-load and
is operated as a fork-lift to unload the packs and
crates. For this purpose, approx. 10 metres of
firm level ground space is required along each
side of the trailer.
If conditions allow, packs may be placed around
the site in order to reduce subsequent handling.
2 Using site equipment to unload - (This is the
responsibility of the Contractor.)
The packs and crates can be offloaded by forklift, or by suitable crane, or other machine using
a proven or test-certified sling.
3 Hand offloading by site personnel
Check that the pack is stable and that the pipes
and packing woods are undamaged before
cutting the straps and manually unloading.
Stacking
1 Pipes delivered in packs
Set the packs down on a firm and level surface.
2 Storage of loose pipes
Rest the bottom row of pipes on battens to keep
them clear of the ground and stake the end
pipes in order to prevent movement of the stack.
3 Sleeve couplings and lubricant
Store indoors in a clean area, away from
sunlight. Extremes of temperature must be
avoided. Winter conditions, in particular, can
affect the ability to make a joint if items have
been left outdoors.
13
Jointing - chemical couplings
Thermachem Chemical Band-Seal
Installation Instructions
Tools required
8mm Nut Driver or Ratchet spanner
Heat source: Blow torch or hot air gun, ideally
with capability to reach 600 degrees C.
1
2
3
4
14
Ensure the ends of both pipes are clean
and dry. Secure PTFE Tape to the outer
diameter of both pipes to be joined, approx
5cm from end of pipe. Apply pressure by
hand to ensure a good seal, ensuring tape
covers the full circumference of the pipe and
overlaps by a minimum of 2cm where it
meets itself.
Slip Band-Seal coupler and then
Fluoropolymer liner over one end of one
of the pipes, then butt the pipes up to each
other leaving a gap between the pipes of
approx. 5mm. Move Fluoropolymer liner over
the joint, ensuring the PTFE tape is fully
covered.
Using the heat source heat the Fluoropolymer liner to shrink it on to the pipe. When
using the heat source don’t keep it too close
to the pipe and keep it moving at all times so
as not to create excess heat in one area and
melt the Fluoropolymer liner. Once complete
ensure a good adhesion between the
Fluoropolymer liner and pipe.
Move the Band-Seal coupler over the joint
and tighten the clamps bands using an
8mm ratchet spanner or nut driver, Tighten
firmly by hand.
Jointing - push fit couplings
Thermachem Pipes & Fittings
DN100 and DN150 assemblies
1 Stand the pipe upright on a firm clean base (a
600mm piece of wood is ideal) and lubricate the
top end of the pipe paying particular attention to
the chamfered lead-in portion.
2
1
2 Push the sleeve coupling over the lubricated
chamfered end of the pipe and ensure that the
pipe end is firmly located against the central
register of the coupling. The end of any fitting
may be pushed into the sleeve coupling - the
reverse of the procedure adopted for pipes.
3
3 Ensure that the sleeve coupling on the previously
laid pipe is thoroughly cleaned and free from grit
or small stones from the bedding material.
4 Lower new pipe into trench and check, clean and
lubricate the free end. Place the pipe end into the
mouth of the previously laid coupling and align
the pipe along the central axis of the pipeline.
Apply a horizontal forward pressure, in
combination with a small side to side movement,
and push the pipe home into the sleeve coupling.
Thermachem Pipes & Fittings
DN200 and above
1
1 Lower the pipe into the trench using slings and
set in position on the prepared bedding. Form
coupling recess in the bedding.
2 Lubricate the pipe end to be jointed. Centralise a
sleeve coupling to the pipe end and push home.
A bar may be used against a timber block.
3 Lower the next pipe into the trench and lubricate
the end to be jointed, Ensure that the coupling on
the previously laid pipe is thoroughly clean and
free from grit or stones. Centralise the pipe and
push fully home into the coupling.
2
A bar may be used against a timber block.
Ensure coupling recess is filled with bedding
material after making the joint.
3
15
Trench excavation and pipe laying
Trench Excavation
Concrete Beddings
There should be at least 150mm width of trench on
each side of the pipe barrel, in order to provide
sufficient space for jointing and proper compaction
of the bedding and fill materials.
Blind the trench bottom with a 50mm thick layer of
concrete. Place concrete support blocks on the
trench blinding, immediately downstream of each
pipe coupling position. Place a compressible board
on top of each block and lay the pipes on these.
Fine adjustments of the pipe levels can be achieved
by using wedges fixed between the pipe barrels and
the blocks. To maintain flexibility at joints, fix
compressible boards immediately upstream of
couplings at the specified intervals along the length
of the pipeline. Brace the pipes to prevent any
tendency to float when the concrete surround is
placed and vibrated.
It is not good practice to excavate a trench too far in
advance of pipe-laying.
Do not exceed the specified maximum trench width
without prior approval of the supervising authority,
because the trench width affects the loading on the
pipeline.
When trenches are battered, the maximum allowable
trench width must not be exceeded below a point
300mm above the crown of the pipes.
Always provide adequate support to the trenches,
for the protection of workmen and to prevent
damage to adjacent property. The attention of all site
personnel should be drawn to the requirements of
the Health & Safety Executive.
Ref. BS8000: Workmanship on Building Sites Pt.14:
Below Ground Drainage. CIRIA* R97 Trenching
Practice.
Pipe Laying
Line & Level
The correct pipeline alignment and gradient are
indicated by laser equipment or by using a taut
string line and sight rails.
Pipe manufacturing tolerances need to be taken into
account when assessing line and level. For
guidance in setting out see CIRIA* publication ‘A
Manual of Setting Out Procedures’.
Procedure
Class D, N, F, B & S Beddings
Compact the bed to the correct level. Commence
pipelaying from the lower end of the line. Lay pipes
with their couplings facing upstream. Take care to
achieve continuous bedding support. If it is
necessary to raise a pipe to the correct level, the
pipe should be removed and additional bedding
material compacted along the full barrel length prior to relaying.
16
Inspect & Clean Pipes & Jointing
Components
Before laying, check the pipes and fittings to ensure
that they have not suffered damage. Make sure that
the pipe ends, jointing components and lubricant
are clean and free from grit, before attempting to
make joints.
The specification; design and construction of
drainage and sewerage systems using vitrified clay
pipes booklet published by CPDA give additional
guidelines when laying pipes in a wide range of
difficult ground conditions.
Testing and backfilling
Testing the pipeline for water tightness
When laying Naylor Thermachem pipes, it may be
convenient to check that all is in order by applying
interim air tests to progressive lengths of pipeline as
work proceeds.
Once a pipeline has been laid an air or water test
may be carried out in accordance with BS EN1610,
as detailed below.
Air Test
1 Fix air-tight stoppers at the ends of the pipeline,
after checking that they are clean and well-fitting.
Connect a manometer to one of the stoppers.
2 Blow or pump air into the pipeline until a pressure
slightly more than the required air test pressure is
indicated on the manometer. After allowing 5
minutes for the temperature to stabilise, adjust to
the required pressure and commence the test.
3 (a) If the measured drop is less than the allowable
drop then the test is passed (see table).
Note: The test pressure LA is the same as that
previously used in the UK except that the test period
is increased for sizes above DN225, as shown.
Test
Method
Test Pressure
mbar (kPa)
Allowable Drop
mbar (kPa)
LA
10 (1)
2.5 (0.25)
2. Tighten stoppers at the lower end of the pipeline
and at open branches, after checking that they
are clean and well-fitting.
3. Strut the ends of the pipeline and the 90° bend to
prevent movement and then fill the line with
water.
4 Inspect the pipeline for any obvious leaks and
remedy any defects. There will be an initial fall of
the water level due to absorption and the
displacement of trapped air.
5 After at least one hour, top up to the maximum
test head, a longer period may be allowed in
extremely dry conditions. The loss of water over
a period of 30 minutes should then be measured
by adding water from a measuring vessel at
regular intervals of 10 minutes and noting the
quantity required to maintain the original water
level. The test is accepted if the water added
does not exceed 0.15l/m² of internal wetted area
over a 30 minute period, for pipelines. Higher
limits are set for pipelines including manholes
and inspection chambers.
Further information
See BS EN1610 and the Clay Pipe Development
Association Ltd booklets Specification, Design and
Construction and Testing of Drains & Sewers (Water
& Air Tests).
Test period in minutes
DN100
DN200
DN300
DN400
DN600
Backfilling
5
5
7
10
14
Any selected or granular fill must be carefully handcompacted in layers not exceeding 150mm to
complete the pipeline surround. Place and compact
this fill equally on both sides of the pipeline to
prevent displacement.
(b) If the measured drop exceeds the allowable loss,
carefully check the testing apparatus and
stoppers and examine the pipes and joints for
leakage. If a defect is discovered, remedy it and
re-test.
If this test does not reveal a defect, apply a water
test.
The above standards do not regard an air test alone
as sufficient grounds for rejection and it is
recommended that a water test should be applied in
the event of apparent failure to meet the air test. An
apparent failure of air test can be due to causes
other than defects in the pipeline; for example,
changes in ambient temperature.
Water Test
1 At the upstream end of the pipeline to be tested,
add a 90° bend and sufficient vertical pipes to
provide the required head of water. BS EN1610
requires a minimum 1.0m (10kPa) head of water
at the high end with a maximum of 5m (50kPa) at
the lower end. Both heads above the pipe crown.
In cases of very steep gradients, it may be
necessary to test the pipe in stages, in order to
comply with these limitations.
Slice with a spade around the barrels to form a
cradle for the pipes. This work is important, as the
pipeline derives some of its strength from a properly
constructed bedding.
The trench must be backfilled to at least 300mm
above the crown of the pipes before any powerramming takes place. Backfill should then be wellcompacted in layers not exceeding 300mm.
As backfilling proceeds withdraw timber and trench
sheeting in stages to avoid disturbing the pipeline or
the creation of voids within the bedding and
surround.
Site Traffic
Site traffic should not pass over buried pipelines
before backfilling has been completed and the final
surface constructed.
Overloading by unavoidable site traffic can be
prevented by bridging the trench with steel plates,
timber sleepers or other temporary protection.
17
Hydraulic Flow
Surface water flow table (for DN 100 - DN 500)
PIPE FLOWING FULL Ks VALUE = 0.6mm
ks value
0.6mm
PIPE SIZE (mm)
DN 100
DN 150
DN 225
DN 300
DN 375
DN 400
DN 450
DN 500
GRAD
1 / 10
2.47
19.41
3.22
56.87
4.18
166.02
5.01
354.36
5.77
637.40
6.01
755.25
6.47
1029.13
6.91
1357.06
1 / 20
1.75
13.73
2.28
40.21
2.95
117.39
3.54
250.57
4.08
450.71
4.25
534.04
4.58
727.71
4.89
959.58
1 / 30
1.43
11.21
1.86
32.83
2.41
95.85
2.89
204.59
3.33
368.00
3.47
436.04
3.74
594.17
3.99
783.50
1 / 40
1.24
9.71
1.61
28.44
2.09
83.01
2.51
177.18
2.89
318.70
3.01
377.62
3.24
514.57
3.46
678.53
1 / 50
1.11
8.68
1.44
25.43
1.87
74.25
2.24
158.47
2.58
285.06
2.69
337.76
2.89
460.24
3.09
606.89
1 / 60
1.01
7.92
1.31
23.22
1.70
67.78
2.05
144.67
2.36
260.22
2.45
308.33
2.64
420.14
2.82
554.02
1 /70
0.93
7.34
1.22
21.50
1.58
62.75
1.89
133.94
2.18
240.92
2.27
285.46
2.45
388.98
2.61
512.92
1 / 80
0.87
6.86
1.14
20.11
1.48
58.70
1.77
125.29
2.04
225.36
2.12
267.02
2.29
363.85
2.44
479.79
1 / 90
0.82
6.47
1.07
18.96
1.39
55.34
1.67
118.12
1.92
212.47
2.00
251.75
2.16
343.04
2.30
452.35
1 / 100
0.78
6.14
1.02
17.98
1.32
52.50
1.59
112.06
1.82
201.56
1.90
238.83
2.05
325.44
2.19
429.14
1 / 110
0.75
5.85
0.97
17.15
1.26
50.06
1.51
106.84
1.74
192.18
1.81
227.72
1.95
310.29
2.08
409.17
1 / 120
0.71
5.60
0.93
16.42
1.21
47.93
1.45
102.29
1.67
184.00
1.73
218.02
1.87
297.08
2.00
391.75
1 / 130
0.69
5.38
0.89
15.77
1.16
46.05
1.39
98.28
1.60
176.78
1.67
209.47
1.79
285.43
1.92
376.38
1 / 140
0.66
5.19
0.86
15.20
1.12
44.37
1.34
94.71
1.54
170.35
1.61
201.85
1.73
275.05
1.85
362.69
1 / 150
0.64
5.01
0.83
14.68
1.08
42.87
1.29
91.50
1.49
164.58
1.55
195.00
1.67
265.72
1.78
350.39
1 / 175
0.59
4.64
0.77
13.59
1.00
39.69
1.20
84.71
1.38
152.37
1.44
180.54
1.55
246.01
1.65
324.40
1 / 200
0.55
4.34
0.72
12.72
0.93
37.12
1.12
79.24
1.29
142.53
1.34
168.88
1.45
230.12
1.55
303.45
1 / 225
0.52
4.09
0.68
11.99
0.88
35.00
1.06
74.71
1.22
134.38
1.27
159.22
1.36
216.96
1.46
286.09
1 / 250
0.49
3.88
0.64
11.37
0.84
33.20
1.00
70.87
1.15
127.48
1.20
151.05
1.29
205.83
1.38
271.41
1 / 275
0.47
3.70
0.61
10.84
0.80
31.66
0.96
67.57
1.10
121.55
1.15
144.02
1.23
196.25
1.32
258.78
1/ 300
0.45
3.54
0.59
10.38
0.76
30.31
0.92
64.70
1.05
116.37
1.10
137.89
1.18
187.89
1.26
247.76
These gradients are not recommended
Foul water flow table (for DN 100 - DN 500)
PIPE FLOWING FULL Ks VALUE = 1.5mm
ks value
0.6mm
PIPE SIZE (mm)
DN 100
DN 150
DN 225
DN 300
DN 375
DN 400
DN 450
DN 500
GRAD
1 / 10
2.12
16.64
2.79
49.24
3.65
145.00
4.40
311.20
5.09
562.00
5.31
666.65
5.72
910.19
6.12
1202.28
1 / 20
1.50
11.77
1.97
34.82
2.58
102.53
3.11
220.05
3.60
397.40
3.75
471.39
4.05
643.60
4.33
850.14
1 / 30
1.22
9.61
1.61
28.43
2.11
83.71
2.54
179.67
2.94
324.47
3.06
384.89
3.30
525.50
3.54
694.14
1 / 40
1.06
8.32
1.39
24.62
1.82
72.50
2.20
155.60
2.54
281.00
2.65
333.32
2.86
455.10
3.06
601.14
1 / 50
0.95
7.44
1.25
22.02
1.63
64.84
1.97
139.17
2.28
251.34
2.37
298.13
2.56
407.05
2.74
537.67
1 / 60
0.86
6.79
1.14
20.10
1.49
59 19
1.80
127.05
2.08
229.44
2.17
272.16
2.34
371.59
2.50
490.83
1 /70
0.80
6.29
1.05
18.61
1.38
54.80
1.66
117.62
1.92
212.42
2.01
251.97
2.16
344.02
2.31
454.42
1 / 80
0.75
5.88
0.99
17.41
1.29
51.26
1.56
110.03
1.80
198.70
1.88
235.70
2.02
321.80
2.16
425.07
1 / 90
0.71
5.55
0.93
16.41
1.22
48.33
1.47
103.73
1.70
187.33
1.77
222.22
1.91
303.40
2.04
400.76
1 / 100
0.67
5.26
0.88
15.57
1.15
45.85
1.39
98.41
1.61
177.72
1.68
210.81
1.81
287.83
1.94
380.19
1 / 110
0.64
5.02
0.84
14.85
1.10
43.72
1.33
93.83
1.53
169.45
1.60
201.00
1.73
274.43
1.85
362.50
1 / 120
0.61
4.80
0.80
14.21
1.05
41.86
1.27
89.84
1.47
162.24
1.53
192.44
1.65
262.75
1.77
347.07
1 / 130
0.59
4.61
0.77
13.66
1.01
40.21
1.22
86.31
1.41
155.87
1.47
184.89
1.59
252.44
1.70
333.45
1 / 140
0.57
4.45
0.74
13.16
0.97
38.75
1.18
83.17
1.36
150.20
1.42
178.17
1.53
243.26
1.64
321.32
1 / 150
0.55
4.30
0.72
12.71
0.94
37.44
1.14
80.35
1.31
145.11
1.37
172.13
1.48
235.01
1.58
310.43
1 / 175
0.51
3.98
0.67
11.77
0.87
34.66
1.05
74.39
1.22
134.34
1.27
159.36
1.37
217.58
1.46
287.40
1 / 200
0.47
3.72
0.62
11.01
0.82
32.42
0.98
69.59
1.14
125.67
1.19
149.07
1.28
203.53
1.37
268.84
1 / 225
0.45
3.51
0.59
10.38
0.77
30.57
0.93
65.61
1.07
118.48
1.12
140.54
1.21
191.89
1.29
253.46
1 / 250
0.42
3.33
0.56
9.85
0.73
29.00
0.88
62.24
1.02
112.40
1.06
133.33
1.14
182.04
1.22
240.46
1 / 275
0.40
3.17
0.53
9.39
0.70
27.65
0.84
59.34
0.97
107.17
1.01
127.12
1.09
173.57
1.17
229.27
1/ 300
0.39
3.04
0.51
8.99
0.67
26.47
0.80
56.82
0.93
102.61
0.97
121.71
1.04
166.18
1.12
219.50
These gradients are not recommended
18
Structural
Structural Strength
The load bearing capacity of any pipeline is dependent upon the inherent strength of the
pipes and fittings together with the support provided by the bedding in which the pipe
is laid.
Before specifying drainage, the designer must choose between the two alternative forms of
pipe systems.
These are:
Rigid Pipes with Flexible Joints
For building drainage
these are usually
vitrified clay with
As dug
sleeve joints
(Naylor Thermachem).
These pipes, having
very high inherent
Bedding
strength, require little
or no bedding material.
Flexible Plastic Pipes
Typical Trench Details
Clay pipes and fittings can often be laid on the
natural trench bottom or with a regulating layer
of ‘‘as dug’’ material or inexpensive gravel bed.
Such a system can be expected to give a
satisfactory performance throughout the design
life of the building.
Typical Trench Details
In building drainage, As dug
PVCu is the most
common material.
These pipes have
little inherent
Granular
Bed and
strength and are
Surround
dependent on
substantial bedding
for support. The minimum such
requirement is usually 100mm granular bed and
pipe surround.
100mm
100mm
The quality and proper placing of the bedding
material is of paramount importance and this
system therefore relies heavily upon the
competence of the site operatives and on good
site supervision. The incorrect laying of flexible
pipes could result in flattening and ultimate failure.
Structural Strength
Strength
The figures for Crushing Strength and Bending
Moment Resistance (B.M.R0 in BS EN 295 Part 1
have been established after extensive research into
the loads imposed on buried vitrified clay pipelines.
The requirements for B.M.R have been set
sufficiently high to ensure that pipes conforming to
these, and used in a properly constructed pipeline,
will not fail in bending before they reach their design
crushing load. Testing for B.M.R is only applicable to
pipes up to and including DN 225 and with nominal
lengths equal to or greater than 1.1m.
The Crushing Strength and Bending Moment
Resistance of Naylor vitrified clay pipes are detailed
in their respective Product Information Leaflets.
With pipes less than 1.1m in length research has
shown that the bending moments developed are
insufficient to be of concern to the designer.
Naylor pipes, when used with the appropriate
bedding, have the capacity to withstand the full
range of trench backfill and surcharge loads that are
encountered in all but the most extreme site
conditions.
19
Trench Beddings
Depths of cover between which Naylor pipes conforming to BS EN 295 can be laid in any
width of trench.
DN
Minimum
Crushing
Strength
a
b
Depth of cover to crown of pipe
Bedding
Class
Bedding
Factor
Fields and Gardens
Main Traffic Roads
a
b
a
b
100
34
40
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.4 - 7.1
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 8.4
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 7.3
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 8.7
0.4 - 10.0+
0.4 - 10.0+
150
34
49
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.6 - 4.5
0.6 - 8.5
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 5.6
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 5.0
0.6 - 8.7
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 5.9
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 10.0+
225
36
45
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.9 - 2.6
0.6 - 5.9
0.6 - 8.0
0.9 - 3.9
0.6 - 7.6
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 3.5
0.6 - 6.2
0.6 - 8.2
0.6 - 4.4
0.6 - 7.8
0.6 - 10.0+
300
48
72
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.8 - 2.7
0.6 - 6.0
0.6 - 8.1
0.6 - 5.1
0.6 - 9.4
0.6 - 10.0+
0.6 - 3.5
0.6 - 6.3
0.6 - 8.3
0.6 - 5.1
0.6 - 9.5
0.6 - 10.0+
375
45
60
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.6 - 4.5
0.6 - 6.3
0.8 - 3.0
0.6 - 6.4
0.6 - 6.7
0.6 - 2.7
0.6 - 5.0
0.6 - 6.6
0.6 - 3.8
0.6 - 6.7
0.6 - 8.8
400
64
80
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.8 - 2.9
0.6 - 6.3
0.6 - 8.5
0.6 - 4.2
0.6 - 8.0
0.6 - 10.0+
0.8 - 3.7
0.6 - 6.6
0.6 - 8.7
0.6 - 4.7
0.6 - 8.2
0.6 - 10.0+
450
54
72
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.6 - 4.5
0.6 - 6.3
0.6 - 3.0
0.6 - 6.5
0.6 - 8.7
0.6 - 2.7
0.6 - 5.0
0.6 - 6.6
0.6 - 3.8
0.6 - 6.7
0.6 - 8.9
500
60
80
D or N
F
B or S
1.1
1.9
2.5
0.6 - 4.5
0.6 - 6.3
0.8 - 3.0
0.6 - 6.4
0.6 - 8.7
0.6 - 2.7
0.6 - 5.0
0.6 - 6.6
0.6 - 3.8
0.6 - 6.7
0.6 - 8.8
Other crushing strengths may be available.
For further details see the products information leaflet or consult the Technical sales Department.
Bedding Classes
The bedding factors indicated below refer to the cross-sectional design of pipes.
It assumes that uniform support is achieved along the entire length of the pipeline.
The bedding factors incorporate the revisions to Class F, B and S beddings as detailed in
WRC Information & Guidance Note 4-11-02 and are specific to the use of vitrified clay pipes.
Class D - Pipes laid on a Trench Bottom
Class N - Pipes laid on a Granular Bed
(Bedding Factor 1.1)
(Bedding Factor 1.1)
Appropriate when the
trench formation is:
• Capable of being
trimmed with a spade
• Is not puddled when
walked upon
20
Class D
150mm
min
Class N
When it is impractical to
trim the trench bottom, 150mm
min
a continuous bed of
granular material of one
of the following is required
• As dug material with a
a
compaction factor of up
to 0.3 as W.I.S 4-08-02
• All - in aggregate 20mm (may be recycled
concrete)
• Granular material to Tables B15-17 of App B to
BS EN 1610
• Sand (coarse, medium or fine) conforming
to BS 882 Table 4
Class F - Pipes laid on a Bed of Single
Size or Graded Material
(Bedding Factor 1.9)
Appropriate where the
depth of cover over the 150mm
min
pipe requires a higher
bedding factor:
• 20mm single size or
20 to 5mm graded
a
granular material to
conform to Tables
B15-B17 of App B to BS EN 1610
Class F
Minimum dimension ‘a’
Socketed pipes
Plain Ended Pipes
Uniform Soils
100mm
50mm
Rock or Mixed
Soils
200mm
150mm
Backfill
Undisturbed natural soil
Selected as-dug
Class B - Pipes laid on Granular Material
(Bedding Factor 2.5)
Appropriate where the
highest bedding factor
is required to resist the 150mm
min
applied loads on the
pipeline.
• 20mm single size or
20 to 5mm graded
a
granular material to
conform to Tables
B15-B17 of App B to BS EN 1610
Class B
Granular Bed & Surround
Suitable Bedding (See Class N)
Recycled aggregates may be used for all bedding
classes provided that they conform to the particle size
requirements of Tables B15-B17 of App B to BS
EN 1610 and have a compaction fraction of 0.3 or
less.
Class S - Pipes laid in Granular Material
(Bedding Factor 2.5)
An alternative to Class B
when the excavated
150mm
min
material is unsuitable as
the initial backfill.
• 20mm single size or
20 to 5mm graded
a
granular material to
conform to Tables
B15-B17 of App B to BS EN 1610
Class S
21
Naylor Industries plc - more
than 100 years production
and supply to the
Construction Industry
• Clay Pipes - for open trench and trenchless
construction
• Thermachem - pipes and industrial ceramics
for hot/aggressive environments
• Band-Seal - flexible pipe couplings
• Plastic Pipes - Twinwall ducting and drainage;
land drainage
NAYLOR DRAINAGE
LIMITED
A MEMBER OF THE NAYLOR GROUP OF COMPANIES
CLOUGH GREEN, CAWTHORNE
BARNSLEY
SOUTH YORKSHIRE, S75 4AD
ENGLAND
TELEPHONE: 01226 794056
FACSIMILE: 01226 790531
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEB: WWW.NAYLOR.CO.UK/CHEMICAL-AND-THERMAL/
Ref: T/H0115
• Gardenware - The Yorkshire Flowerpot range
of frostproof pots