History of Buddhist Philosophy KEY TERMS 1. स"सार Saṃsāra Samsara 2. कम' Karma Karma 3. (ती+यसम-+पाद Pratītyasamutpāda Pratityasamutpada 4. अना+मन् Anātman Anatman 5. अ3न+य Anitya Anitya 6. 4ःख Duḥkha Duhkha 7. त78णा Tṛṣṇā Trishna 8. 3नव;ण Nirvāṇa Nirvana 9. अह'त् Arhat Arhat 10. तथागत Tathāgata Tathagata 11. (?ा Prajñā Prajna Mid Term Exam Review—1 History of Buddhist Philosophy 12. क@णा Karuṇā Karuna 13. AकBध Skandha Skandha 14. समा3ध Samādhi Samadhi 15. बो3धसFव Bodhisattva Bodhisattva 16. शHBयता Śūnyatā Shunyata 17. तथता Tathatā Tathata 18. बो3धिचK Bodhicitta Bodhicitta 19. सLभोगकाय Sambhogakāya Sambhogakaya 20. धम'काय Dharmakāya Dharmakaya 21. उपाय Upāya Upaya 22. Oयान Dhyāna Dhyana Mid Term Exam Review—2 History of Buddhist Philosophy QUESTIONS Mid Term Exam Review—3 1. What are the three characteristics of Saṃsāra according to the Buddha's early teachings? 2. What are the five groups of processes that constitute the self from the Buddhist point of view? 3. What are the Four Noble Truths taught by the Buddha in his first sermon and how might these truths be explained in terms of a visit to a medical doctor? 4. Explain how the notion of Pratītyasamutpāda can be said to be the central doctrine of Buddhism. 5. How does The Fire Sermon perhaps raise the central question concerning the Buddhist notion of Nirvāṇa? 6. What is meant by "mindfulness practice" in the Buddha’s teaching The Foundation of Mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta) that continues to be so important in Theravāda Buddhism today? 7. What is meant by the Mahāyāna notion of a Bodhisattva and how might the elevation of the Bodhisattva ideal in Mahāyāna over the Theravāda ideal of the Arhat perhaps suggest an evolution in the Buddhist notion of enlightenment? 8. How does the Trikāya teaching in Mahāyāna Buddhism depart from the earlier Theravāda conception of the Buddha? What are the three bodies of the Buddha in Mahāyāna Buddhism? 9. What is the Prajñāpāramitā (“Perfection of Wisdom”) taught in the Heart Sūtra that is the central teaching of Mahāyāna Buddhism? 10. How is the Mahāyāna ideal of the Bodhisattva emphasized in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra and what is the central theme of this text concerning the understanding of Śūnyatā? 11. What is meant by the “storehouse consciousness” (ālaya-vijñāna) that is introduced in the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra? Why is this “storehouse consciousness” referred to by the name “Tathāgata-garbha”? 12. What is meant by the term Upāya that is brought forth in the Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra (The Lotus Sūtra)? What is the point of the story about the burning house? 13. How is the devotional side of Mahāyāna Buddhism brought out in the Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtras (The Land of Bliss Sūtras)? 14. How did Nāgārjuna explain the Mādhyamika as the "Middle Path" and how did he explain the notion of Śūnyatā as following from the central doctrine of Buddhism and thus consistent with the middle path taught by the Buddha? 15. What did Nāgārjuna mean in stating that there is no difference between Saṃsāra and Nirvāṇa and what are the implications of this view? 16. What was the primary focus of the Yogācāra School of Mahāyāna Buddhism and why was it also known as the Vijñānavāda school?