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Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report
Project Number: 46089-01
December 2014
People’s Republic of China: Biodiversity Strategy and
Action Plan for Yunnan Province
(Financed by the ADB’s Technical Assistance Special Fund and
Cofinanced by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund under the Water
Financing Partnership Facility)
Prepared by
AECOM Asia Co., Ltd.
Hong Kong, PRC
For Yunnan Environment Protection Department (Executing Agency)
This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and
ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical
assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.
TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
for Yunnan Province
Final Report
December 2014
TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province
Final Report
TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
for Yunnan Province – Project Implementation (46089001)
(Co-financed by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund under the Water
Financing Partnership Facility)
Final Report
Prepared for
Asian Development Bank
Prepared by
AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
22/F Grand Central Plaza, Tower 2, 138 Shatin Rural Committee Road, Shatin, Hong Kong
T +852 3922 9000 F +852 2891 0305 www.aecom.com
December 2014
© AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. 2014
The information contained in this document produced by AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose
for which it has been prepared and AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. undertakes no duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this
document.
All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without
the written permission of AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.
December 2014
AECOM
TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province
Final Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 6
A. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6
B. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within
the BSAP ...................................................................................................................................... 7
C. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Products ..................................................... 8
D. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened ............................... 9
E. Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... 10
II.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 12
A. Background .......................................................................................................................... 12
B. Objectives of the Project....................................................................................................... 13
C. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within
the BSAP .................................................................................................................................... 13
D. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Product ..................................................... 14
E. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened ............................. 14
F. Purpose of the Final Report .................................................................................................. 15
G. Structure of the Final Report................................................................................................. 15
III.
PROJECT FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................... 16
A. Overall Project Framework ................................................................................................... 16
B. Logistics and Administration ................................................................................................. 16
C. Meetings, Consultations and Media Awareness ................................................................... 16
IV. METHODOLGY AND OUTPUTS ......................................................................................... 22
A. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed Within
the BSAP .................................................................................................................................... 22
B. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan for the Yunnan BSAP ......................................................... 25
C. Output 2: Knowledge Products ............................................................................................. 28
D. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened ............................. 35
V.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 50
A. Project Benefits and Risks.................................................................................................... 50
B. Limitations and Recommended Next Steps .......................................................................... 51
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 – SUMMARY OF PUBLISHED YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND
ACTION PLAN
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APPENDIX 2 – DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK
APPENDIX 3 – LOGISTICS AND ADMINISTRATION
APPENDIX 4 – MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS
APPENDIX 5 – CONSULTATIONS
APPENDIX 6.1 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL
CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (English Version)
APPENDIX 6.2 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL
CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (Chinese Version)
APPENDIX 7.1 – OUTPUT 2: SAMPLE BASELINE ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE PREPARED FOR
XISHUANGBANNA SUB-PRIORITY REGION
APPENDIX 7.2 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP (English
Version)
APPENDIX 7.3 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP (Chinese
Version)
APPENDIX 8.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (English Version)
APPENDIX 8.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (Chinese Summary)
APPENDIX 9.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (English Version)
APPENDIX 9.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (Chinese Version)
APPENDIX 10 – OUTPUT 3: GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IN CONSERVATION PLANNING
STRENGTHENED: SUPPORTING MATERIAL
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 – Summary of Issues Addressed by the TA
Table 2 – Categories of Data Assessed for Selection of Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions
Table 3 – Indices Adopted for Ranking of Wetland Sub-Priority Regions
Table 4 – Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions Comprehensive Ranking
Table 5 – Data and Ranking of Wetland Sub-Priority Regions
Table 6 – Biodiversity-Related Brochures Published in Yunnan
Table 7 – Brochure Distribution Plan
Table 8 – Overview of the Training Program
Table 9 – Detail Arrangement for Class 3 of Training Program
Table 10 – Participants for Class 1-3
Table 11 – Summary and Evaluation of Party School Training
Table 12 – Summary and Evaluation of Leader of County EPBs Training
Table 13 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 1)
Table 14 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 2)
Table 15 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 1)
Table 16 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 2)
Table 17 – Project Benefits
Table 18 – Risk and Mitigation Measures
Table 19 – Project Limitations
Table 20 – Recommended Next Steps after the TA
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1– Project Framework
Figure 2 – Management Structure of the TA
Figure 3 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Yunnan Daily 20 November 2013
Figure 4 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Jin Ri Yunnan Daily 27 November 2013
Figure 5 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from China Ecology News 4 December 2013
Figure 6 – The 18 Sub-priority Regions.
Figure 7 – Photographs from Training Events, October 2014
Figure 8 – Participants Training Feedback Summary
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADB
AECOM
BCLO
BSAP
CEP
CMIP
CSO
EA
EPB
ESM
FFI
GHG
GIS
GMS
IPCC
IWRM
NBSAP
PRC
RCP
TA
TNC
WWF
YBSAP
YEPD
YPG
December 2014
Asian Development Bank
AECOM Asia Company Limited
Biodiversity Conservation Liaison Office
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
Core Environment Program
Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project
Civil Society Organization
Executing Agency
Environmental Protection Bureau
Earth System Models
Flora and Fauna International
Greenhouse Gas
Geographic Information System
Greater Mekong Sub-region
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Integrated Water Resources Management
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
People’s Republic of China
Resource Conservation Pathways
Technical Assistance
The Nature Conservancy
World-Wide Fund for Nature
Yunnan Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
Yunnan Environment Protection Department
Yunnan Provincial Government
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I.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A.
1.
Introduction
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is supporting biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province,
People’s Republic of China (PRC) through the granting of ‘Technical Assistance’ (TA): TA8269(PRC) – Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province. The expected impact
of the TA is improved management of natural resources, particularly biodiversity, in Yunnan
Province. The expected outcome is an established provincial framework for biodiversity
conservation in Yunnan Province. The Executing Agency (EA) is the Yunnan Environmental
Protection Department (YEPD). The TA was of 16 months duration (September 2013-December
2014). The TA became effective on 8 January 2013. AECOM Asia Company Limited (AECOM)
were appointed to assist the EA to implement the TA. The contract between ADB and AECOM
was signed on 12 September 2013.
2.
Yunnan Province is a recognized global biodiversity hotspot, and is the most species-rich
province in the PRC. It supports over 18,000 higher plant species, 900 bird species and 620 fish
species, occurring across habitats ranging from tropical lowland forests to high-altitude alpine
meadows. These biodiversity resources are threatened by various human activities, including
habitat loss/fragmentation from urban, infrastructure and agricultural development,
unsustainable hunting/collection of species, water and air quality deterioration, and increased
disturbance from poorly planned tourism development. Until recently, the impacts of climate
change on Yunnan’s biodiversity resources have received limited attention from the academic
community and Yunnan Provincial Government (YPG). Given the extreme climatic variation of
the Province, it is likely climate change will have significant impacts on Yunnan’s biodiversity in
the medium to long term.
3.
Biodiversity conservation in the PRC is conducted under the framework of the National
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), 2011–2030. Released in 2011, the NBSAP sets
targets for national conservation and commits provinces to prepare provincial BSAPs. In 2011,
the EA commissioned the preparation of a provincial biodiversity strategy, 2012–2030. The
Yunnan Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (YBSAP) was approved by the YPG in June 2013.
4.
The YBSAP is a high level, strategic document that provides a framework for biodiversity
conservation in the province over the next 20 years. The document comprises a summary of key
biodiversity features of Yunnan, existing conservation efforts, and a threat analysis. It also
identifies six priority areas for conservation planning (which are further divided into 18 subpriority regions), several priority plant and animal species for conservation planning, and 35
priority projects to enhance biodiversity conservation and planning.
5.
Reviews of the YBSAP by the EA, national experts, and Civil Society Organizations (CSO)
raised concerns about (i) the lack of a rigorous technical approach to identify and rank
conservation priorities for species and sites, (ii) the need to revise and strengthen the strategy,
and (iii) the need for a 5-Year Action Plan to begin implementing the strategy under the
Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016–2020. The YPG concluded that preparing an effective
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan requires the application of international good practices in
conservation planning and additional funding.
6.
In this context, the TA was designed to enhance biodiversity planning in Yunnan, particularly
relating to the implementation of the YBSAP. ADB, the EA and other stakeholders identified the
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following key areas for improvement: (i) reviewing and strengthening the analysis of priority
species, habitats and areas in the YBSAP; (ii) facilitating the implementation of biodiversity
conservation planning; (iii) enhancing knowledge of the impacts of climate change on
biodiversity, and how this will affect planning; (iv) training to enhance the biodiversity planning
and conservation capacity of YPG staff; (v) improving the coordination of the various YPG
Departments involved in biodiversity planning and conservation; and (vi) mainstreaming
biodiversity planning and conservation efforts by the EA. These issues were addressed under
the three outputs of the TA, as summarized in Table 1 and described in the following sections.
Table 1 – Summary of Issues Addressed by the TA
Issue
Reviewing and strengthening the analysis of
priority species, habitats and areas in the YBSAP.
Facilitating the implementation of biodiversity
conservation planning.
Enhancing knowledge of the impacts of climate
change on biodiversity, and how this will affect
planning.
Training to enhance the biodiversity planning and
conservation capacity of YPG staff.
Improving the coordination of the various YPG
Departments involved in biodiversity planning and
conservation.
Mainstreaming
biodiversity
planning
and
conservation efforts by the EA.
B.
7.
8.
Output
Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of
Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within the
BSAP
Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan
Output 2: Knowledge Products
Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation
Planning Strengthened
Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation
Planning Strengthened
Output 2: Knowledge Products
Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed
within the BSAP
The YBSAP identifies priority areas, habitats, species and projects across the province.
However, discussion with YPG representatives as well as authors of this report indicated no
systematic approach was applied for the identification and selection of these priorities. Activities
under Output 1 therefore focused on a technical review of the YBSAP to identify information
gaps and weaknesses, followed by ranking of species, habitats and regions for conservation
priority. These priority resources were then considered under activities carried out under Output
2. The analysis focused on ranking the 18 sub-priority regions identified in the YBSAP,
considering various factors including the occurrence of priority species and habitats, socioeconomic/cultural heritage indicators, threats, and existing level of protection. Geographic
Information System (GIS) software was used to develop a composite weighted score for each
sub-priority region, with these scores used as a basis for ranking sub-priority regions with regard
to biodiversity conservation significance.
The analysis identified eight sub-priority regions that represent critical biodiversity resources in
need of urgent conservation action. These areas cover 50 counties in nine prefectures, with an
area of 45,400 km2 (11.52% of the total land area of Yunnan), including ten national nature
reserves and 18 provincial nature reserves. Provincial priority areas and conservation priority
areas identified under the NBSAP are all included in the selected regions, as are important
forest and wetland ecosystems and key species listed in the NBSAP, including Yunnan Snubnosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), Hoolock Gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), Asian Elephant
(Elephas maximus), magnolias (Magnoliaceae) and the Dipterocarpaceae tree family. The
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baseline data, analysis and results of this ranking exercise were discussed and received broad
support from the EA, other government departments and local biodiversity experts.
C.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Products
Two items were produced under Output 2: a Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Products.
Five-Year Action Plan
The YBSAP contains few details on actions that should be implemented to improve
management of priority conservation areas or high priority species. Furthermore, no details of
conservation financing, implementation and other important aspects of biodiversity conservation
and management were included in the Plan. Finally, the YBSAP is not integrated with the 13th
National Economic and Social Development Plan of the Province. To address these issues, a
Five-Year Action Plan was developed to identify priority conservation actions for implementation
in the next 5-years. The plan included a detailed assessment and identification of key issues in
each sub-priority region, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of
species identified under Output 1. Projects were identified to address key issues in different subpriority regions, as well addressing broader, province-wide issues and key trans-boundary
issues that synergized with the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) conservation programme. A
strategy for each priority project was described, including target biodiversity values, threats,
institutional arrangements, management and implementation activities, monitoring and
evaluation indicators, and budgetary sources.
The plan went through numerous iterations to develop a document that:
· Provided a systematic and logical analysis of key biodiversity issues in the eight sub-priority
areas, as well as across the entire Yunnan Province, and identified key projects and actions
to address these issues.
· Involved extensive stakeholder engagement from government departments, academics and
CSO’s, and received general broad support from these diverse groups.
· Was drafted and formatted to comply with local government standards for ease of
implementation.
Knowledge Products
Although Yunnan supports a rich biodiversity spread across numerous climatic zones, there has
been little research to date on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Province.
This is reflected in the YBSAP, which provides few details on how biodiversity will be managed
in response to a changing climate. To help address these gaps, a modeling study was
conducted to investigate how climate change will affect Yunnan’s biodiversity. This assessment
also provided a platform to produce three brochures to raise awareness across government
departments and the general public of this critical issue as well as broader issues relating to
biodiversity planning and management in Yunnan.
Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity
The analysis of this Study was based on projected bioclimatic conditions for the year 2050,
which was used to predict and understand the impact of these future climate conditions on the
spatial distribution of bioclimatic zones and strata, and by extension, ecosystems and
biodiversity. The projections were based on four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)
developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which represent various
scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions from the present until 2050.
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14.
The results of this analysis showed a quick and drastic change in the spatial distribution of
bioclimatic conditions throughout Yunnan Province, and predicted significant and increasing
biophysical and biological perturbance for species and ecosystems in the near- to medium-term
future under all climate change scenarios. Mean annual temperature averaged across Yunnan is
predicted to increase from 1.6° to 2.5°C by 2050. Under RCP 8.5 (where greenhouse gas
emissions will remain high until 2050), 56% of Yunnan’s Protected Area network is projected to
shift to different bioclimatic zone by the year 2050, and 93% of this total Protected Area will shift
to a different bioclimatic stratum.
15.
The study provided a high quality analysis that clearly demonstrates the broad-scale impacts to
Yunnan’s biodiversity resulting from climate change, and how climate change will impact the
effectiveness of the existing provincial protected area network. The analysis was used to
strengthen consideration of climate change in Yunnan’s biodiversity planning efforts, with
specific projects to address these issues included in the Five-Year Action Plan. Maps produced
as part of this analysis are clear and readily understandable and were a key component of the
‘Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan’ brochure. Further studies and projects were
identified in the Modeling Study and have been identified as recommended additional works
items in 5-Year Action Plan.
16.
D.
17.
18.
19.
Brochures
Three brochures were produced, targeting two audiences, the general public and government
agencies involved in natural resources management. A total of 3,000 brochures were printed
and distributed to 25 different government departments, CSO’s and other stakeholders under
the TA. The brochures present the following:
· Brochure 1 - Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning in Yunnan – A brochure
targeted at government officers to promote awareness of biodiversity conservation, the
YBSAP and the Five-Year Action Plan.
· Brochure 2 - Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan – A brochure targeted at
government officers to promote awareness of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
· Brochure 3 - Climate Change and Changing Life – A brochure targeted at the general
public to increase awareness of the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable
lifestyles.
Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened
Improving the capacity of YPG officials responsible for biodiversity management will enhance
the ability of local agencies to implement the Five-Year Action Plan, and help incorporate the
plan into departmental planning. Moreover, as biodiversity planning falls under the remit of
multiple departments, improving the coordination and collaboration of these departments will
also serve to enhance conservation and planning efforts.
Training
A programme was planned in close coordination with the EA that incorporated two types of
training: (i) provincial agencies – consultations to raise awareness of the plan; (ii) prefecture and
county agencies in the eight Priority Sub-Regions – training to implement the plan.
Training was held in October 2014. A total of 236 participants joined the training, 52 of which
were female. Participants came from more than 60 counties of 16 municipalities and prefectures
in Yunnan. They represent more than 20 government departments at different levels. Officials
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from counties in all eight sub-priority regions identified in the Five-Year Action Plan attended the
training.
20.
21.
Questionnaires distributed to training attendees were used to gain feedback on the programme.
In general, participants indicated a high level of satisfaction with the training. 63% of the
Government Officials, 68% of Nature Reserve Management Staff and 82% of Environmental
Protection Bureau (EPB) Conservation Management Staff believed they benefited from the
training. Additional comments and suggestions received included expanding and lengthening
the training programme, and including additional case-study analysis and field visits as part of
the training.
Mechanism for Improved Conservation Planning and Interdepartmental Participation
Biodiversity conservation and planning in Yunnan involves various government departments as
well as research organizations, CSO’s and other stakeholders. Efforts to improve the
coordination of these various organizations date back to 2008, when the ‘Advice of the Yunnan
Provincial People’s Government on Strengthening Biodiversity Conservation in the Northwest of
Yunnan Province’ was issued. A more comprehensive, provincial wide mechanism for improved
coordination of biodiversity management, the Biodiversity Conservation Liaison Office (BCLO),
was established on 2012.
22.
The TA was intended to further improve biodiversity conservation management in Yunnan by
introducing a new mechanism to improve coordination between key agencies. However,
leadership and coordination of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts in Yunnan
remained in flux throughout 2013-2014 (with the BCLO disbanded in early 2014), and were still
unresolved at the end of the TA (December 2014). The implementation of an effective
mechanism was therefore not possible during the TA programme due to uncertain political and
administrative environment. Despite these difficulties, a clear plan for developing more effective
coordination and management of biodiversity conservation and planning was included in the 5Year Action Plan.
E.
Conclusions
Project Benefits
The TA as a whole, and particularly development of the Five-Year Action Plan, included
extensive stakeholder engagement involving YPG departments, academics and CSOs.
Stakeholders were involved in various workshops and experts and invited to provide written
comments on drafts of the Five-Year Action Plan. This process was documented on the YEPD
and GMS websites, as well as being reported in local media.
23.
24.
Overall, the TA brought multiple benefits from a regional to county/prefecture level. At a regional
level, the TA helped identify critical trans-boundary conservation issues, and recommended
projects and actions to address these issues in the Five-Year Action Plan. It also helped
improve coordination and knowledge sharing as part of the GMS conservation programme. At a
national level, the TA promoted the implementation of key action items identified in the NBSAP.
At a provincial level, the TA has helped improve biodiversity conservation in Yunnan through
development of an Five-Year Action Plan that will be integrated with the Thirteenth Five Year
Plan. Capacity building was achieved through training programmes, and knowledge sharing of
biodiversity planning and climate change issues was addressed through an extensive workshop
programme and development and distribution of brochures. Finally, at the county/prefecture
level, the TA has helped provide a framework for development of local BSAP, identified critical
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projects for implementation in priority counties, and improved capacity of local government
officials responsible for biodiversity management.
25.
26.
27.
Project Risks
The long term success of the TA will depend to some extent on the successful implementation
of the Five-Year Action Plan. There are some risks that the plan will not be fully implemented,
due to uncertainty in political and administrative coordination of biodiversity management,
unstable funding sources, and a lack of strategic follow-up. These issues have been addressed
as far as practicable within the framework of the TA, with detailed recommendations and plans
provided in the Plan for establishment of a government body for coordination of biodiversity
conservation and planning, identification of multiple funding sources for Plan implementation,
and detailed monitoring and evaluation criteria provided for each proposed action to assist in
strategic follow-up.
Project Limitations
A number of issues were identified that limited the effective implementation of the TA. These
included the approval of the existing YBSAP before commencement of the TA (which limited the
ability of the TA to influence overall direction of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts, or
change/strengthen the existing priority projects in the YBSAP), the dissolution of the BCLO
(which occurred approximately 5 months after the TA began, and which resulted in limited
collaboration between the EA and other government departments involved in biodiversity
management), and a general lack of data availability.
After the TA: Recommendations for Next Steps
To facilitate the long-term implementation of the TA, as well as further enhance biodiversity
conservation and management in Yunnan, several follow-up actions were identified. These were
discussed and agreed at the final workshop by ADB, the EA and TA Team. These actions
include official approval of the Five-Year Action Plan, integration of this document with other
YPG working plans, further promotion of the plan and knowledge product, and additional EA
capacity building.
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II.
A.
28.
INTRODUCTION
Background
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is supporting biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province,
People’s Republic of China (PRC) through the granting of ‘Technical Assistance’ (TA): TA8269(PRC) – Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province. The expected impact
of the TA is improved management of natural resources, particularly biodiversity, in Yunnan
Province. The expected outcome is an established provincial framework for biodiversity
conservation in Yunnan Province. The Executing Agency (EA) is the Yunnan Environmental
Protection Department (YEPD). The TA was of 16 months duration (September 2013-December
2014). The TA became effective on 8 January 2013. AECOM Asia Company Limited (AECOM)
were appointed to assist the EA to implement the TA. The contract between ADB and AECOM
was signed on 12 September 2013.
29.
Biodiversity conservation in the PRC is conducted under the framework of the National
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), 2011–2030. Released in 2011, the NBSAP sets
targets for national conservation and commits provinces to prepare provincial BSAPs. Eighteen
provincial BSAPs have been or are nearly completed (Chongqing, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,
Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Fujian, Heilongjiang, Tibet, Hainan, Ningxia, Hubei, Guizhou, Jilin, Shanghai,
Shandong, Tianjin and Shanxi).
30.
In 2011, in response to the NBSAP, the YEPD commissioned the preparation of a draft
provincial biodiversity strategy, 2012–2030 by the Academy of Biodiversity Conservation
Research of Southwest Forestry University. The Yunnan Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
(YBSAP) was approved by the Provincial Government in June 2013. An English version
summary of this document can be found in Appendix 1. The YBSAP was prepared in a short
period of time and is a high level, strategic document that provides a blueprint for biodiversity
conservation in the province over the next 20 years. The main items covered by the YBSAP
include:
• A summary of biodiversity features of Yunnan Province.
• A summary of protected areas, regulations and plans relating to biodiversity protection in
Yunnan.
• A summary of threats to biodiversity in Yunnan (including gap analysis for: regional
ecosystems, specific sites of biodiversity value, migration corridors, and species).
• Recommendations for priority areas for conservation planning are identified: in total six
priority areas comprising 18 sub-priority areas were identified based on the following criteria:
- Areas identified by the NBSAP.
- Selection based on factors like uniqueness, ecological functions, richness, rare and
endangered, economic uses, and scientific values.
- Several plant and animal species were indicated as priority species for conservation
planning. No complete list of priority species is included in the YBSAP, and the selection
criteria for these priority species were not discussed in the report.
- A total of 35 priority projects were selected in the YBSAP. The selection criteria for these
projects were not discussed in the report.
31.
Although the YBSAP describes some of Yunnan’s priority areas and species, there is little
consideration of cross-cutting links with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM),
poverty alleviation, tourism, community livelihoods, and climate change. Furthermore, there are
few details on financing, implementation and other important aspects of biodiversity
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conservation and management. Finally, the YBSAP is not integrated with the 13th National
Economic and Social Development Plan of the province.
32.
Preliminary reviews of the draft by YEPD, national experts, and civil society organizations raised
concerns about (i) the lack of a rigorous technical approach based on international best practice
to identify and rank conservation priorities for species and sites, (ii) the need to revise and
strengthen the strategy, and (iii) the need for a Five-Year Action Plan to begin implementing the
strategy under the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016–2020. The Yunnan provincial government
concluded that preparing an effective Five-Year Action Plan requires the application of
international good practices in conservation planning and additional funding.
B.
33.
Objectives of the Project
The TA was developed to supplement the existing YBSAP, and provide clear direction and
planning for implementation. TA completion coincided with the preparation of Yunnan’s 13th
plan, providing a timely opportunity for the YBSAP to facilitate the integration of biodiversity
conservation into sector plans. The detail Design and Monitoring Framework can be found in
Appendix 2.
34.
For this TA, “biodiversity” refers only to vascular plants (those with tissues that circulate
nutrients through the plant) and vertebrate fauna (birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and fish)
and their habitats. Other biodiversity is beyond the TA scope. The three main outputs of the TA
are summarized below.
C.
Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed
within the BSAP
Rationale
The YBSAP identifies priority areas, habitats, species and projects across the province.
However, discussion with YPG representatives as well as authors of this report indicated that no
systematic approach was applied for the identification and selection of these priorities. As a
consequence, there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of the prioritization of biodiversity
planning efforts listed in the YBSAP. Under Output 1 of the TA, a review of biological
conservation priorities listed within the YBSAP was conducted. This review applied systematic
criteria to rank areas and species of conservation priority in Yunnan, clearly identifying priorities
that need to be addressed in the Five-Year Action Plan.
35.
36.
37.
Activities
Activities under this output comprised: (i) technical review of the YBSAP to identify information
gaps and weaknesses, especially the methods applied for gap analysis and identification and
ranking of priority species and sites; (ii) identification of important ecological values (species,
sites, habitats) not present in the YBSAP; (iii) ranking of species and sites for conservation
priority; and (iv) selection of priority species and sites for inclusion in Output 2.
Products
A report was produced that reviewed and updated the prioritization of areas, habitats and
species in Yunnan, based on a systematic ranking methodology and several rounds of
consultation with local experts.
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D.
38.
39.
40.
41.
Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Product
Rationale
The YBSAP provides few details on financing, implementation and other important aspects of
biodiversity conservation and management. Furthermore, the YBSAP is not integrated with other
key provincial development plans, leading to uncertainty about how implementation will be
coordinated and funded. To address these issues, a Five-Year Action Plan is required to identify
priority conservation actions to be implemented over the next five years, as well as provide clear
direction on financing, responsible agencies and other details to facilitate implementation of
these actions. The plan should be drafted in a way that allows easy integration with the
Thirteenth National Economic and Social Development Plan for Yunnan Province.
Although Yunnan supports a rich biodiversity spread across numerous climatic zones, there has
been little research to date on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Province.
This is reflected in the YBSAP, which contains no technical assessment and limited appreciation
of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity resources and conservation in Yunnan. To
address these gaps, a modeling exercise was conducted to investigate how climate change will
affect Yunnan’s biodiversity. This assessment also provided a platform to produce three
brochures to raise awareness across government departments and the general public of this
critical issue as well as broader issues relating to biodiversity planning and management in
Yunnan.
Activities
Activities under this output comprised:
· Preparation of a Five-Year Action Plan that identifies projects to improve conservation of the
highest-priority species and sites for the first five years of YBSAP implementation. The plan
describes a strategy for each priority project, including target biodiversity values, threats,
institutional arrangements, management and implementation activities, monitoring and
evaluation indicators, and budgetary sources;
· A modeling study on climate change and biodiversity in Yunnan.
Products
A Five-Year Action Plan identifying and describing key projects for implementation under the
13th National Economic and Social Development Plan.
42.
A Modeling Study Report of the predicted impacts of climate change on Yunnan’s biodiversity
resources and existing protected area system.
43.
A series of three brochures circulated to various government departments, CSO’s and other
stakeholders to raise awareness of climate change impacts and the YBSAP.
E.
Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened
Rationale
To be effective, the YBSAP and Five-Year Action Plan need to be considered and integrated
with the five-year plans of other YPG Departments, including those not directly involved in
biodiversity management. It is important that these departments are aware of the YBSAP, and
understand the relationship between this document and their own plans.
44.
45.
Both the YEPD and Yunnan Forestry Department have important roles in biodiversity
conservation. However, the knowledge and capacity of these departments are limited, and
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strengthening is required to better implement the YBSAP and 5-Year Action Plan. Areas noted
by the EA that required specific attention included:
· Improving the awareness of county-level decision makers and EPB staff of the YBSAP and
5-Year Action Plan to better incorporate biodiversity planning into decision making process.
· Improving the capacity of the biodiversity conservation leaders from prefectures, cities and
key counties.
· Increasing awareness of the main protection targets and actions of YBSAP amongst nature
reserve management staff (from Forestry Department), as well as improve their knowledge
of biodiversity planning and management best practices.
46.
47.
48.
In addition to raising awareness and capacity building, the TA was intended to further improve
biodiversity conservation management in Yunnan under Output 3 by introducing a new
mechanism to improve coordination between key agencies. However, leadership and
coordination of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts in Yunnan remained in flux
throughout 2013-2014, and were still unresolved at the end of the TA (December 2014). The
implementation of an effective mechanism was therefore not possible during the TA programme
due to uncertain political and administrative environment.
Activities
Activities under this Output comprised: (i) dissemination of draft Five-Year Action Plan to target
agencies for their review, to raise inter-agency awareness and support for the plan; and (ii)
technical training for government departments and institutes (especially those involved in the
implementation of the plan) to raise awareness and build capacity.
Products
Four training workshops were held in October 2014 to increase biodiversity planning capacity
and raise awareness amongst government departments of the YBSAP and Five-Year Action
Plan. The training was held in Kunming, and targeted four audiences: provincial level leaders,
county EPB directors, YEPD biodiversity conservation leaders from prefecture, city and key
counties, and nature reserve management staff. A total of 236 participants joined the training, 52
of which were female. Participants came from more than 60 counties of 16 municipalities and
prefectures in Yunnan province.
F.
49.
Purpose of the Final Report
This Final Report documents all activities conducted under the TA; deliverables prepared for
Outputs 1-3; and logistic, financial and administrative issues relating to the TA.
G.
50.
Structure of the Final Report
The remainder of this document is structured as follows:
· Project Framework – Provides details of the overall project framework, logistics,
administration and meetings/consultation.
· Methodology and Outputs – Details work completed under Outputs 1-3.
· Conclusions – Summarizes main project benefits, risks, limitations and recommended
follow-up items.
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III.
A.
51.
PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Overall Project Framework
The three project outputs form the basis of the overall project framework, as shown in Figure 1
below.
Figure 1– Project Framework
B.
52.
Logistics and Administration
The overall project management structure is presented in Figure 2. At the outset of the TA,
Provincial decision-making for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan was guided by the Yunnan
Provincial Government through BCLO. However, this management group was disbanded in
early 2014. This impacted the TA as it became more difficult to coordinate with other
government departments (e.g., gaining access to required data). However, key departments of
YPG (including forestry, agricultural, water and land resources) attended the inception, midterm
and final workshops of TA, and all important outputs of TA were sent to these agencies for
review and comment.
53.
Twice monthly conference call was set up for YEPD, TA team and ADB to ensure close
collaboration and monitor the progress of TA.
54.
Additional EA support was provided during the TA through equipment purchase. The equipment
directly contributed to the successful completion of the TA (in terms of facilitating stakeholder
engagement activities, producing documentation, and promotion of the TA), and will improve the
functional capacity of the EA after completion of the TA, in particular the further implementation
of the Five-Year Action Plan.
55.
Details of project logistical arrangements, administration, finances and equipment purchases are
provided in Appendix 3.
C.
56.
Meetings, Consultations and Media Awareness
Biodiversity action planning is by nature a participatory process, involving numerous
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stakeholders. Under this TA, extensive stakeholder engagement was facilitated through a series
workshops and expert review/consultation meetings, and other external consultations:
57.
Workshops
Three workshops were held under this TA: Inception Workshop (19-21 November 2013), Midterm Workshop (17-19 June 2014) and Final Workshop (6-8 November 2014) which were
attended by a wide variety of stakeholders from government, academia and CSO. These
stakeholders provided advice and feedback on the project methodology, analysis and outputs. A
summary of these workshops is provided in Appendix 4.
Figure 2 – Management Structure of the TA
58.
59.
60.
Additional Coordination Meetings and Expert Panel Review
In addition to workshops, additional coordination meetings (attended by ADB, EA and the
consultant team) and expert panel reviews (attended by government officials and external
biodiversity researchers) were held on 24 January, 26 February, 7 March, 16 May, 2 July, 11
August and 2 December 2014. The purpose of these meetings was to provide feedback and
direction for development of the Five-Year Action Plan on proposed methodologies, and review
the initial results and findings of each output. These meetings and review sessions are
summarized in Appendix 5.
Other External Consultation
Numerous smaller-scale meetings and interviews with local experts in different fields were made
during preparation of this TA to seek guidance and advice on specific technical issues. These
are described below.
Fauna Biodiversity
Consultations with Kunming Institute of Zoology experts were made with reference to particular
faunal groups/species. These included Professors Chen Xiaoyong, Yang Junxing, Pan Fu and
Chen Zhiming (fish); Professor Yang Xiaojun (birds); Professor Jiang Xuelong (mammals);
Professor Rao Dingqi (herpetofauna); Professor Cui Rangwei (primates) and Professor Yang
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Sijian (Asian elephants). Professor Zhang Fan, a geographic biodiversity specialist from Yunnan
University was consulted on subterranean wildlife.
61.
62.
63.
64.
Flora Biodiversity
Professor Lu Shugang and Professor Ou Xiaokun from Yunnan University were consulted on
Yunnan plant resources. Professor Yang Yuming from Yunnan Academy of Forestry and
Professor Gong Xun from Kunming Institute of Botany were consulted on floral species
protection.
Conservation Finance
Government officials were consulted to provide details of existing biodiversity projects and future
plans, including Engineer Lei Wei (Natural Forest Protection Office), Deputy Director Chen Fang
(Wildlife Protection Office), Deputy Director Zhong Mingchuan (Forestry Department). Professor
Yang Wenzhong from Yunnan Academy of Forestry was consulted on existing restricted
population species protection programme; and Professor Yang Yongping from Kunming Institute
of Botany was consulted on planned research funding applications. Aside from government
departments and research organizations, other parties were consulted on planned
activities/funding in Yunnan: including Mr. Jerry Chen of ADB (consulted for on-going/planned
activities as part of the GMS programme); Yang Fangyi from Alibaba Foundation, Director Wang
Yue from TNC, Shi Xiangying from Shanshui Conservation, Li Yuanlong from Wanxiang Trust
Limited Company, and Deputy Secretary-general from SEE for their potential investment plan in
Yunnan.
Social Development
Experts consulted during Output 1 to advise on ranking criteria and weighting included Professor.
Zhen Baohua (Rural Development Institute Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences), Professor
Zhao Yaqiao (Yunnan Agricultural University) and Professor Cai Kui (Yunnan University). Wang
Hongmei from Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Statistics was consulted to provide population and
rural data. Professor Tian Kun (National Plateau Wetlands Research Center), Director Yang
Fang (Wildlife Protection Office), Zhong Mingchuan (Wetland Protection Office of Yunnan
Forestry Department), and Professor Yang Yuming (Yunnan Forestry Academy) provided advice
on provincial level nature reserve capacity building needs. Qi Wenlong (Luosuojiang Nature
Reserve in Xishuang Banna), Director Zhang (Ailaoshan Nature Reserve), and Director Yang
(Lugu Lake Nature Reserve) were consulted on community involvement in biodiversity
conservation.
Media Awareness
Workshops and expert panel meetings were showcased in a series of reports uploaded on the
YEPD and GMS websites, available at the following web links:
· http://www.7c.gov.cn/dwhz/dwhzgjjlhz/201311/t20131125_41429.html
· http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201406/t20140620_48128.html
· http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201410/t20141031_56542.html
· http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201411/t20141110_56642.html
· http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201412/t20141204_64665.html
· http://www.gms-eoc.org/events/yunnan-biodiversity-conservation-strategy-and-action-plantraining
· http://www.gms-eoc.org/events/final-review-mission-on-prc-of-yunnan-biodiversity-strategyand-action-plan
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65.
Widespread local coverage of the TA resulted from journalists attending the inception workshop,
with three articles about the TA published in local newspapers (Figure 3-5).
Figure 3 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Yunnan Daily 20 November 2013
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Figure 4 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Jin Ri Yunnan Daily 27 November 2013
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Figure 5 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from China Ecology News 4 December 2013
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IV.
66.
METHODOLGY AND OUTPUTS
The following sections provide an overview of the objectives, methods, results and conclusions
for each project output. Full details of each output are provided in Appendix 6 (Output 1 –
Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed Within the BSAP),
Appendix 7 (Output 2 – Five-Year Action Plan for the Yunnan BSAP), Appendix 8 (Output 2 –
Knowledge Product: Impact Of Climate Change On Yunnan Biodiversity Report), Appendix 9
(Output 2 – Knowledge Product: Brochures), and Appendix 10 (Output 3 – Government
Capacity In Conservation Planning Strengthened: Training Programme Supporting Material).
A.
67.
Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed
Within the BSAP
Objectives
The existing YBSAP identifies 18 sub-priority regions requiring biodiversity planning and action.
These areas cover a total of 95,000km2, and it is clear it would be impossible to develop a
detailed plan for all regions. It was therefore agreed during the Inception Workshop that the key
objective of Output 1 was to select sub-priority regions identified in the existing YBSAP that
require urgent action and inclusion in the first 5-Year Action Plan.
68.
Methods
A basic methodology for ranking of sub-priority regions was discussed and agreed at the
inception workshop, and consisted of:
69.
70.
Step 1
Various criteria relating to the occurrence of priority species and habitats, socioeconomic/cultural heritage indicators, threats, existing level of protection and other factors for
each sub-priority region would be assessed. A score would be assigned to each sub-priority
region for each of these characteristics.
Step 2
Based on the scores assigned under Step 1, Geographic Information System (GIS) software
would be used to develop a composite weighted score for each sub-priority region. This score
would be used as a basis for ranking and selecting the sub-priority regions.
71.
This methodology was further discussed and refined at project team meetings held on 24
December 2013 and 24 January 2014. The latter meeting was attended by representatives of
the EA, who were supportive of this approach and direction.
72.
The ranking process provided a systematic analysis of available data to assist in the selection of
sub-priority regions. The results of the ranking exercise were discussed at expert panel reviews
on 7 March and 16 May 2014 to gain input and advice from biodiversity specialists in Yunnan to
refine the ranking findings. These meetings were attended by representatives of the EA, who
were supportive of this approach and direction.
73.
Seven categories of data were examined to assess the 15 terrestrial sub-priority regions and
three wetland sub-priority regions. (Table 2). A detailed description of methodologies used to
assess each of these categories is provided in the following sections.
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Table 2 – Categories of Data Assessed for Selection of Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions
No. Index
Description
Rationale for Inclusion
74.
1
Species
2
Habitats
3
Threats
4
Socio-cultural
Factors
5
Climate
Vulnerability
7
Conservation
Financing
Species richness and
occurrence of plants and
vertebrate species of
conservation interest.
Occurrence of habitats of
conservation interest and
ecosystem function.
Occurrence, diversity and
intensity of human
activities threatening
biodiversity resources.
Expressed by poverty
ratio, proportion of the
ethnic minority
population.
Vulnerability of
biodiversity resources to
climate change.
Investment level for
conservation.
Areas with high levels of species diversity and
supporting more species of conservation interest
should be ranked higher than areas with low species
diversity and fewer species of conservation interest.
Areas supporting larger areas of habitats of
conservation interest should be ranked higher.
Areas subject to more numerous and widespread
threats of greater intensity should be ranked higher.
Areas are ranked more highly when they are
characterized by high levels of poverty, reliance on
primary industry/agriculture and have a large
proportion of ethnic minorities.
Areas supporting biodiversity resources vulnerable
to climate change are ranked more highly.
Areas with low levels of investment for biodiversity
conservation should be ranked more highly.
Five index categories were selected for ranking analysis of wetland sub-priority regions, as
summarized in Table 3. These indices were similar to those used to characterize terrestrial subpriority regions.
Table 3 – Indices Adopted for Ranking of Wetland Sub-priority Regions
Grade I Indices
Grade II Indices
National Grade I Protected Animal
National Grade II Protected Animal
Species Indices
IUCN CR of animal
IUCN EN of animal
Total number of overwintering wetland avifauna supported in the area
International wetland numbers
National wetland park numbers
Habitat Indices
Provincial wetland park numbers
Nature reserves numbers
Tourism and Visitor Numbers
Population
Threat Indices
Water Resources Exploitation
Primary Industry
Climate Indices
Climate vulnerability
Published paper
Conservation Financing Indices
Conservation investment
75.
Results
The combined ranking results for terrestrial sub-priority regions are summarized in Table 4. The
top five ranked regions selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan are (1) Honghe moist
rainforest, (2) Yunling mountains warm temperate coniferous forest, (3) Xishuangbanna tropical
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rainforest, (4) Southeast Yunnan Karst southeast monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest, and
(5) Tongbiguan tropical rainforest (Figure 6).
Table 4 – Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions Comprehensive Ranking
Sub-Priority Areas
2.5 Honghe moist rainforest
1.3 Yunling mountains warm temperate coniferous forest
2.4 Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest
3 Southeast Yunnan Karst southeast monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest
2.2 Tongbiguan tropical rainforest
2.3 Nandinghe tropical rainforest
5.3 Ailaoshan montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest
2.1 The southern Gaoligongshan montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest
4.1 Wumeng montane moist broad-leaved evergreen forest
4.2 Dry and hot zones in downstream of Jinsha valley
5.2 Wulanshan montane evergreen broad-leaved forest
1.2 Meilixueshan-Biluoxueshan cool temperate coniferous forest
5.1Montane evergreen broadleaf forest zones in Lancang River Valley
1.1 The northern Gaoligong Mountains cool temperate coniferous forest
1.4 Shangri-La mountain cold temperate coniferous forest
76.
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
The result of the wetland sub-priority regions ranking is presented in Table 5 and Figure 6.
Region 6.2 (North west of Yunnan plateau lakes zones) was ranked highest and selected for
inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan. The high ranking of this region was largely because of
high scores for species richness, species of conservation concern, threats from tourism and
overexploitation of water resources and climate vulnerability.
Table 5 – Data and Ranking of Wetland Sub-Priority Regions
Indexes
Region 6.1 Region 6.2
Species score
1
3
Winter birds numbers
2
3
International wetland numbers
1
3
National wetland park numbers
3
3
Provincial wetland park numbers
3
2
Nature reserves numbers
1
3
Tourism press score
2
3
Population press score
3
1
Water development score
2
3
The primary industry score
2
3
Climate vulnerability score
2
3
Published paper score
3
2
Protection investment score
2
3
Total
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35
Ranking
2
1
77.
PV
1.1354
0.9463
0.8922
0.7450
0.7442
0.7405
0.6711
0.6367
0.6153
0.5518
0.5268
0.5064
0.4789
0.4184
0.2835
Region 6.3
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
19
3
At the expert panel review held on 7 March 2014, there was general support for the ranking
approach and methodology. However, a key issue raised was that the ranking process did not
include two of the three regions in Yunnan identified as conservation priority areas under the
NBSAP, as well as being of high significance for trans-boundary conservation and international
river management. These two additional regions (Meilixueshan-Biluoxueshan cool temperate
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coniferous forest zones and the northern Gaoligong Mountains cool temperate coniferous forest
zones) were also therefore selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan.
Figure 6 – The 18 Sub-priority Regions (regions selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan are
highlighted in yellow)
78.
Conclusions
The ranking report provided a robust analysis of species, habitats and areas in Yunnan that
required priority action under the YBSAP. The methodology used in the analysis and results
were discussed and received broad support from the EA, other government departments and
local biodiversity experts.
79.
The eight selected sub-priority regions represent critical biodiversity resources in need of urgent
conservation action. These areas cover 50 counties in nine prefectures, with an area of 45,400
km2 (11.52% of the total land area of Yunnan), including 10 national nature reserves and 18
provincial nature reserves. The provincial priority areas and conservation priority areas identified
under the NBSAP are all included in the selected regions, as are important forest and wetland
ecosystems and key species including Rhinopithecus bieti, Hylobates hoolock, Elephas
maximus, magnolias and Dipterocarpaceae.
B.
Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan for the Yunnan BSAP
Objectives
The objective of the Five-Year Action Plan is to identify key projects and initiatives that will
enable better management and conservation of the highest-priority species and sites in Yunnan
80.
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during the first five years of YBSAP implementation. Priority action items are described in detail,
including target biodiversity values, threats, institutional arrangements, management and
implementation activities, monitoring and evaluation indicators, and budgetary sources.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
Methods
The basic methodology for developing the plan was discussed at the inception workshop, and
further developed by the TA Team during a series of team meetings (24 January, 8 April, 23
April) and expert panel meetings (7 March, 16 May). These meetings were attended by
representatives of the EA, who were supportive of this approach and direction. This
methodology can be summarized in six steps, as described below:
Step 1 – Baseline Analysis for Eight Sub-Priority Regions
Building on the database developed for Output 1, a detailed review of existing data for each subpriority region was conducted, including:
· Location and Climate – Basic geographic, topographic, climatic and administrative
information relating to each sub-priority region.
· Biodiversity Values – Ecosystems, flora and fauna of conservation interest occurring in
each sub-priority region.
· Threats – Key threats to biodiversity resources (including climate change) sub-priority region.
· Human Geography – Social development characteristics, ethnic minority communities and
traditional natural resource management regimes in each sub-priority region.
· Management Initiatives – Existing/planned biodiversity management initiatives in each subpriority region. Including existing/planned nature reserves/protected areas, international
conservation initiatives, species specific initiatives, social development/ethnic minorities’
initiatives relating to biodiversity, and financing of biodiversity conservation initiatives.
Step 2 – Review of Key issues
The baseline data was used to identify key biodiversity conservation issues in each sub-priority
region.
Step 3 – Identify Action Items
A series of management objectives were formulated to address key biodiversity issues within
each sub-priority region. A long list of action items (including strategic tasks, specific projects
and safeguard measures) required to accomplish the management objectives was identified.
Key priority action items to be included in the Five-Year Action Plan were identified.
Step 4 – Expert Panel Review
Academics, Government Officials and CSOs were invited in mid-term workshop to review the
draft Five-Year Action Plan. The report was updated according to the comments and
suggestions proposed in the mid-term workshop. A discussion meeting between the EA and
Team Leader was held on 2 July 2014 to provide more comments on the structure of Five-Year
Action Plan. Mr. Zhoubo (Director of International Cooperation Division of YEPD), Mr. Hujian
(Director of Nature Resource Division of YEPD) and Mr. Xiafeng (Project Officer of Nature
Resource Division of YEPD) from the EA participated in this meeting. A revised draft Five-Year
Action Plan was submitted to the EA on 10 October 2014. This document was reviewed by the
EA, and written comments provided on 24 October 2014.
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86.
Step 5 – Individual Action Item Requirements Analysis
Implementation plans for each selected priority action item were developed. According to EA
requirement, these plans included:
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
87.
88.
Background
Target
Expected Result
Main Project Items and Scale
Monitoring and Evaluation Indicator
Budget Estimation and Funding Source
Lead Agency
Supporting Agencies
Time Span
Step 6 – Finalize Five-Year Action Plan
Versions of the draft final Five-Year Action Plan were circulated to EA, EPB for key prefectures,
cities and counties, nature reserves, other related government departments, CSOs, Universities,
and other academic agencies on 27 October 2014 and 3 November 2014. Comments received
on this version of the Report were used to update and finalize the report. A second draft final
Five-Year Action Plan was submitted to the EA for review on 21 November 2014.
Results
The draft Five-Year Action Plan submitted prior to the mid-term workshop (held 17-19 June
2014) was developed as per Steps 1-3 above, in accordance with overall project objectives
discussed and agreed by ADB, the EA and the Consultant Team at the Inception Workshop and
subsequent expert panel meetings. Major comments received during the mid-term workshop
relating to this draft included:
· The baseline assessment of sub-priority regions presented in the document had insufficient
detail, with key issues relating to biodiversity management not clearly identified.
· The rationale behind selection of priority action items needed clarification.
· Suggested changes and additions to the priority action items were made.
· There was insufficient detail in priority action items to facilitate implementation.
89.
After the mid-term workshop, a meeting was held on 2 July 2014 between the Team Leader and
the EA, where the EA provided further comments and direction on the draft Five-Year Action
Plan. Two key items were discussed at this meeting:
· Extensive revision of the content and structure of the draft Five-Year Action Plan was
requested for consistency with typical YPG planning documents.
· The EA requested a shift in focus of priority action items from projects with specific
biodiversity conservation objectives (based on analysis conducted in Output 1 and Steps 1-3
of Output 2), to broader, provincial level actions that were typically related to policy and were
more closely linked to original priority projects identified in the YBSAP.
90.
In response to the comments summarized in paragraphs 88 and 89, the following changes were
made to the draft final Five-Year Action Plan:
· The International Biodiversity Conservation Planning and Vertebrate Fauna Specialist
prepared a detailed, fully referenced analysis for one of the sub-priority regions (refer to
Appendix 7.1) Based on this example, the TA Team updated analysis for the remaining
seven sub-priority areas to facilitate identification of conservation priorities.
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·
·
·
·
Ranking of priority species was updated based on a revised set of criteria and extensive
consultation with local experts.
The content and structure of the plan was discussed in detail with the EA. After several
rounds of consultation, an updated Table of Contents was finalized with the EA on 5
September 2014.
All priority action items were changed based on EA’s requested shift in focus to province
wide, larger scale projects.
Further assessment of action items costing and potential funding sources was made by the
Conservation Finance Specialist. These findings were summarized in a standalone report
included as an Appendix to the Five-Year Action Plan.
91.
This draft-final Five-Year Action Plan was presented at the Final Workshop (6-9 November,
2014). There was general consensus that the document was much improved from the first draft,
and that it provided a valuable platform for better implementation of the YBSAP and
improvement of biodiversity planning and management for priority resources. A number of
additional comments and suggestions from stakeholders were received at this workshop, and
were used to prepare a second draft final Five-Year Action Plan (submitted to the EA for review
on 21 November 2014). A final expert panel review was held on 2 December 2014. Comments
received at this review were used to prepare the final plan, which was submitted on 5 December
2014.
92.
The final Five-Year Action Plan provides a detailed assessment of conservation issues in each
of the eight selected sub-priority regions. It also assesses 348 flora and 241 fauna species, as
well as 36 ecosystems for conservation priority. Eight strategic tasks and 27 high priority
projects are identified to improve management and protection of identified high priority
resources.
93.
C.
94.
95.
Conclusions
The Five-Year Action Plan went through numerous iterations to develop a document that:
· Provided a systematic and logical analysis of key biodiversity issues in the eight sub-priority
areas, as well as across the entire Yunnan Province, and identified key projects and actions
to address these issues.
· Involved extensive stakeholder engagement from government departments, academics and
CSO’s, and received general broad support from these diverse groups.
· Was drafted and formatted to comply with local government standards for ease of
implementation.
Output 2: Knowledge Products
Objectives
The content of Knowledge Product was discussed at the inception and mid-term workshops. It
was agreed the Knowledge Product would need to have value for (i) practical application for
biodiversity conservation in Yunnan, (ii) as a demonstration project for the PRC and nations in
the GMS, and (iii) the opportunity to promote public awareness of climate change. It was agreed
the knowledge product would comprise two main components, as described below.
Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity
The YBSAP contains no technical assessment and limited appreciation of the impacts of climate
change on biodiversity resources and conservation in Yunnan. An assessment of the impacts of
climate change on Yunnan’s biodiversity would help address this gap in the YBSAP. The Study
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includes the results of modeling to assess the impacts of climate change on Yunnan’s
biodiversity and protected area system.
Brochures
Three brochures were prepared and printed in Chinese and English language. The objectives of
producing and distributing these brochures comprised:
· Raise awareness of climate change biodiversity impacts in Yunnan amongst YPG.
· Promote the YBSAP and 5-year Action Plan in Yunnan amongst YPG.
· Inform the general public of the impacts of climate change and actions that can be taken to
address these impacts.
96.
Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity
Methods
The analysis of this Study was based on projected bioclimatic conditions for the year 2050,
which was used to predict and understand the impact of these projected future climate
conditions on the spatial distribution of bioclimatic zones and strata, and by extension,
ecosystems and biodiversity. The methodology was divided into six steps, as described in the
following sections.
97.
Step 1 – Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation
An analysis, using a multi-model downscaled ensemble (n=63) of CIMP5 Earth System Models
(ESM) applied across four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), was used to assess
climate change and its impact on temperature and growing conditions by the year 2050 within
the YBSAP priority areas.
98.
Step 2 – Projected Changes in Potential Evapo-transpiration and Aridity Index
For each priority area, an overview of the expected change in mean annual temperature, mean
annual precipitation, mean annual Potential Evapo-Transpiration (PET) and mean annual Aridity
Index (AI) was calculated.
99.
100.
101.
Step 3 – Year of Climate Departure
The time frame in which climates will reach unprecedented states may strongly determine the
magnitude of disruption in ecosystems and the ability of species to adapt and avoid extinction.
Data provided by Mora et al. (2013) was used to give an indication of the projected timing of
climate departure across Yunnan.
Step 4 – Environmental Stratification and Delineation of Bioclimatic Zones and Strata
The Global Environmental Stratification classification (GEnS: Metzger et al., 2013) was used as
a basis for the analysis. Using a statistical clustering of significant climate variables, the GEnS
provides a global stratification that can: a) quantitatively relate the spatial distribution of
ecosystems to an identified set of bioclimatic parameters, b) provide a consistent methodology
across landscapes and countries that have so far mostly been studied using different protocols,
approaches and taxonomies, and c) allow for a statistical modeling of bioclimatic zonal shifts
that can be used to estimate the direction and magnitude of impacts on ecosystems due to
climatic changes. The geospatial analysis and environmental stratification was performed in
ArcGIS 10.2 (ESRI 2013) using the various global datasets along with national and local
secondary datasets and information collected on land use and biodiversity, and a remote
sensing based land use change analysis.
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102.
103.
104.
Step 5 – Modeling of Projected Future Bioclimatic Conditions
Four bioclimatic variables were used as the input to the ISODATA clustering routine in ArcGIS to
classify the GEnS environmental strata. Projected impacts were modeled by reconstructing the
stratification based upon future climate conditions, as modeled by an ensemble of 19 Earth
System Models (ESM) provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project – Phase 5. The
statistical signature profiles of the strata were reconstructed for Yunnan, based upon a
multivariate analysis (maximum likelihood classification) of bioclimatic variables. These
signature profiles were then used to project the future spatial distribution of the GEnS strata
based upon the CIMP5 modeled future climate conditions in 2050. Four emission RCP
scenarios were analyzed using the CIMP5 model predictions for the year 2050.
Step 6 – Conclusions and Recommendations
Based on the analysis conducted from stages 1-5, a series of general recommendations to
address climate change impacts to biodiversity impacts were provided.
Results
A draft of the technical report was submitted on 17 April 2104. Comments on this draft were
received from ADB on 23 May 2014. An updated draft was prepared and submitted on 6 June
2014, and the final document prepared on 27 June 2014. A Chinese summary of technical
report was provided to EA for easier understanding of TA’s research. The whole report as well
as the Chinese summary was uploaded to the EA website. The results of this report are
summarized in the following sections.
105.
Overall, the results of this analysis show a quick and drastic change in the spatial distribution of
bioclimatic conditions throughout Yunnan Province, and predict significant and increasing
biophysical and biological perturbance for species and ecosystems in the near- to medium-term
future under all scenarios. The climate is likely to accelerate current rapid warming trends, on
average becoming generally hotter across all of Yunnan under all RCP emission scenarios.
Mean annual temperature averaged across Yunnan is predicted to increase from 1.6° to 2.5°C,
by 2050.
106.
Yunnan Province appears to be one of the faster warming regions within the PRC and the
greater East Asian region. Within Yunnan Province, the western and northwestern regions seem
to have the most rapid projected rates of warming. Of the 16 prefectures within Yunnan
Province, Nujiang, Dali, and Baoshan are warming most rapidly.
107.
There are substantial changes in both the areal extent and the average elevation of the
bioclimatic zones, as projected for 2050. All zones exhibit an upward shift in average elevation,
ranging from 284 m to 414 m. There is a large expansion in the extent of the hotter zones:
Extremely Hot and Moist, the Hot and Mesic, and the Extremely Hot and Mesic.
108.
Tropical forests may see an expansion of their range, however, these areas may then also
become susceptible to further risk of clearing for plantation development as they become
optimal zones for expansion of rubber production. For example, the optimal area for rubber
production shifts upwards in mean elevation by more than 300m by 2050, expanding to cover 75%
of Xishuangbanna.
109.
There is a drastic decrease in the Warm Temperate and Mesic zone, and the highest and colder
zones, signaling a potential threat for species and ecosystems adapted to these mid- and highelevation zones. Temperate forests and high levels of biodiversity found in sub-alpine and alpine
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zones at higher elevations appear to be at high risk, as several strata associated with these
ecotypes diminish substantially.
110.
111.
112.
Sub-priority Regions
For all of the BSAP sub-priority regions, there are substantial changes in both the areal extent
and the average elevation of the bioclimatic zones, as predicted for 2050, with all bioclimatic
zones exhibiting an upward shift in average elevation, ranging from 195 m to over 400 m, with
an average for all zones under RCP 8.5 of 356 m.
The percent of the total area of each of the sub-priority region that shifts to another major
bioclimatic zone ranges from 23% to over 80 % under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Likewise, the
range of percent shift for strata is from 83 to 100%.
Protected Area Network
There are over 23,000km2 of protected areas in Yunnan, including National and Provincial
Nature Reserves. On the whole, 56% of all the protected area is projected to shift to different
bioclimatic zone by the year 2050, and 93% of this area will shift to a different bioclimatic
stratum (under RCP 8.5).
113.
The single largest bioclimatic zone occurring in protected areas is the Warm Temperate and
Mesic, followed by the Hot and Mesic. There is a very substantial increase in the area of the two
warmest bioclimatic zones. There is a drastic decrease in the two coldest bioclimatic zones
indicating that species found in these colder zones may easily find this set of bioclimatic
conditions within Yunnan by 2050. The upward shift of the average elevation of these bioclimatic
zones (i.e. under RCP 8.5) ranges from 249m, to over 500m. The average upward shift for all
bioclimatic zones is 379m within all protected areas.
114.
There is a reduction of area for the coldest strata, and significant shifting of strata within all
zones. The average mean elevation of the bioclimatic strata (within all of the protected area in
Yunnan) is projected to shift 403m by 2050 (i.e. under RCP 8.5).
115.
Yunling Mountain has the highest diversity of habitats within a protected area, i.e., seven zones,
although several are small in area, and one new zone appears by 2050. The average upwards
shifts for the mean elevation of the bioclimatic zones within protected area within YBSAP priority
areas is 342m.
Brochures
116.
Methods
Preparation, production and distribution of the brochures were developed in six stages, as
described below.
117.
Step 1 – Stakeholder Engagement
The brochures were discussed at the inception and mid-term workshops with various
stakeholders to gain feedback and opinion on the content, format and target audience.
118.
Step 2 – Review of Existing Brochures
Recently produced brochures in Yunnan dealing with biodiversity conservation and planning (as
well as climate change) were reviewed, as described in Table 6.
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Table 6 – Biodiversity-Related Brochures Published in Yunnan
Agency Brochure Topic
YEPD
WWF
FFI
TNC
119.
120.
121.
Biodiversity
Conservation
Introduction
Climate Change and
Biodiversity
Conservation
Ethnic
Communities
and
Biodiversity
-
Others
For Xishuang
Banna only
-
Technical report for
experts
-
-
For Gaoligong
Mountain area
-
Wetland Biodiversity,
Catchment Management,
Project in Baima Snow
Mountain
-
General
Introduction
-
National level (climate
change analysis for 32
priority areas in China).
-
TNC introduction
Step 3 – Brochure Preparation
Based on the results of Steps 1 and 2 and also feedback from the EA, three brochures were
identified for production under the TA:
· Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning in Yunnan – A brochure targeting government
officers to promote awareness of biodiversity conservation, the YBSAP and the 5-year
Action Plan.
· Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan – A brochure targeting government officers
to promote awareness of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
· Climate Change and Changing Life – A brochure targeting the general public to increase
awareness of the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable lifestyles.
Draft brochure content was prepared in English were submitted to ADB and YEPD for review on
19 August 2014. Comments from ADB were received on 20 August 2014. Updated content was
submitted on 16 September 2014, and minor comments received from ADB on 26 September
2014. The EA requested that Chinese versions of the brochures were prepared on 11 October
2014. Translated versions of the brochure content were distributed on 17 October 2014.
Comments on these contents from the EA were provided on 28 and 31 October 2014. Final
comments on the brochure content were received from the EA on 12 November 2014.
Step 4 – Distribution Planning
A distribution plan for brochures was developed with the EA and finalized on 28 November 2014
(Table 7). The target audiences comprise government departments, CSOs, Environmental
Protection Bureau of prefectures, cities and key counties, and the general public. Distribution of
the ‘Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning in Yunnan’ Brochure focused on government
departments that will be involved in or affected by biodiversity conservation planning initiatives.
A better understanding of BSAP can help them deal with biodiversity issues during their daily
work. The ‘Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan’ Brochure is tailored toward biodiversity
conservation decision-makers with an existing basic climate change knowledge. Distribution is
therefore focused on Forestry Department, YEPD, Chinese Academy Institute, NGOs,
universities, and Local EPB. The ‘Climate Change and Changing Life’ Brochure is intended for
the general population who have little or no knowledge of climate change. It will be circulated to
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the public by through YEPD, Forestry Department, Local EPB, and NGOs during environment
protection events.
Table 7 – Brochure Distribution Plan
Chinese version
Agency
Forestry
Department
YEPD/AECOM
Agriculture
Department
Water Resources
Department
Finance
Department
Development and
Reform
Commission
Industry and
Information
Technology
Commission
Housing and
Construction
Department
Education
Department
Science and
Technology
Department
Tourism
Development
Committee
Land Resource
Department
Academy of
Science Institute of
Kunming
Poverty Relief
Office
EPBs of
prefectures, cities
and key counties
(40 copies each)
WWF
Yunnan
Biodiversity
Protection
December 2014
English Version
Biodiversity
Strategy
and Action
Planning in
Yunnan
Biodiversity
and Climate
Change in
Yunnan
Climate
Change
and
Changing
Life
20
20
20
30
30
30
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
680
680
680
20
20
20
20
33
Biodiversity
Strategy
and Action
Planning in
Yunnan
Biodiversity
and Climate
Change in
Yunnan
Climate
Change
and
Changing
Life
50
50
50
20
10
10
10
20
10
10
10
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Chinese version
Agency
English Version
Biodiversity
Strategy
and Action
Planning in
Yunnan
Biodiversity
and Climate
Change in
Yunnan
Climate
Change
and
Changing
Life
Biodiversity
Strategy
and Action
Planning in
Yunnan
Biodiversity
and Climate
Change in
Yunnan
Climate
Change
and
Changing
Life
20
20
20
10
20
20
20
10
20
20
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1000
1000
1000
100
100
100
Foundation
TNC
FFI
Oxfam
Yunnan University
Yunnan Academy
of Forestry
Southwest Forest
University
Chinese Academy
of Sciences
Institute of Zoology
Chinese Academy
of Sciences
Institute of Botany
Total
122.
123.
Step 5 – Design and Printing
Three design and printing companies were asked to prepare quotations for design and printing
of brochures. The selected firm (Jijia Design Co. Ltd.), was engaged to update layout/design
and print the brochures on 10 December 2014. The brochures were printed and delivered to the
EA on 20 December 2014.
Step 6 – Distribution
Brochures were distributed by the EA on 20 December 2014 by post. Soft-copies of all three
brochures were uploaded to the EA and GMS’s websites to provide another avenue of
distribution and also allow CSOs/other institutes to print further copies for their activities as
needed. Remaining brochures retained by the EA will be made available to attendees at events
hosted by YEPD after the TA, including Earth Day (22 April 2015) and Environmental Protection
Day (5 June 2015).
Conclusions
124.
Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity
The Modeling Study provided a high quality analysis that clearly demonstrates the broad-scale
impacts to Yunnan’s biodiversity resulting from climate change, and how climate change will
impact the effectiveness of the existing provincial protected area network. The analysis was
used to strengthen consideration of climate change in Yunnan’s biodiversity planning efforts,
with specific projects to address climate change included in the Five-year Action Plan. Maps
produced as part of this analysis are clear and readily understandable, even by non-experts,
and were a key component of the ‘Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan’ brochure.
Further studies and projects were identified in the Technical Report and have been identified as
recommended additional works items in this Final Report.
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125.
D.
126.
127.
128.
129.
Brochures
Brochure content, design and distribution plan was developed in close collaboration with the EA
to meet their requirements, and the EA considered the brochures a valuable tool for informing
other departments, organizations and the general public of the importance of biodiversity
management and the impacts of climate change. The brochures also help to raise the profile of
EA activities in this field, and also strengthened cross-boundary conservation efforts through
information sharing with the GMS Programme.
Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened
Objectives
The first objective of Output 3 is to provide training for government officials. The training aimed
to enhance the ability of the local agencies to implement the Five-Year Action Plan, and to help
incorporate the plan into departmental planning.
The second objective of Output 3 is to identify and agree upon a mechanism for improved
conservation planning and interdepartmental participation.
Training
Methods
The training programme was planned during a series of meetings with the EA. A strategy was
agreed during the mid-term workshop that incorporated two types of training: (i) provincial
agencies – consultations to raise awareness of the plan; (ii) prefecture and county agencies in
the eight Priority Sub-Regions – training to implement the plan.
Further discussions between the consultant team and the EA were held from August-September
2014 to finalize the training program, which is described in Tables 8 and 9. YEPD sent formal
invitations to selected government departments by post.
Table 8 – Overview of the Training Program
Class
Objective
Training targets
1
Improve awareness of
County level
the decision makers to
leaders( about 60
take it into consideration persons, the
in decision making
conservation-related
process; promote the
directors at the
influence of the project.
provincial gov.
departments and the
responsible vice
governors of the county
government )
2
Improve understanding
Directors of the county
of county EPBs about
EPBs (about 70
YBSAP, the major
persons)
protection targets and
proposed actions for the
counties
3.1
Improve the capacity of
Biodiversity conservation
the biodiversity
leaders from prefecture,
conservation leaders
city and key counties
from prefectures, cities
(about 54 persons: 38
and key counties, get
key counties+16
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35
Content
Significance of
biodiversity
conservation; its
relationship with socioeconomic
development; the five
year action plan.
Methods
Incorporate
with the
lectures held
in the
provincial
communist
party school;
4 hours
Biodiversity strategies
and policies, main
contents of action plan
Incorporated
with the
EPB leader
training by
YEPD, 2
hours
Two-day
interactive
lecture by
TA; see
detail
Biodiversity
conservation planning
method and
technology;
coordination between
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TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province
Final Report
Class
Objective
them familiar with the
biodiversity conservation
planning method and
technology.
Improve the capacity of
the nature reserve
management staff, get
them familiar with main
protection targets and
actions of YBSAP,
improve the technology
of nature reserve
management.
3.2
Training targets
prefectures and cities)
Management staff from
national and provincial
nature reserves (about
59 persons)
Content
prefectures, cities, key
counties' biodiversity
conservation planning
and YBSAP
Monitoring of the
faunal and floral
resources, the role of
nature reserve in
implementation of the
action plan, key
species and actions
for each priority region
Table 9 – Detail Arrangement for Class 3 of Training Program
Clas
Day Schedule
Time
Lecturers
s
Participants arrive at
1
hotel and register
All Day
2
3.1
9:00-9:20
YEPD
Training objective, contents and
course arrangement
BSAP introduction
9:2010:40
Mr. Wu
Xuecan
Coordination between local and
provincial BSAP
How to prepare local BSAP
Tea break
10:4011:00
Mr.Hu Jian
Pontential funding for
biodiversity conservation
Mr. Han
Lianxian
Important fauna species in sub
priority regions and species
action planning
Mr. Du Fan
Important flora species in sub
priority regions and species
action planning
Dr. David
Gallacher &
Ms.Ellen He
International biodiversity
conservation planning method
and technology
International best practice case
study
Mr. Li
Zhuoqing
Introduction of GIS and remote
sensing technology
Case study of GIS and remote
sensing technology used in
Biodiversity
conservation project
application and
management
Action plan for fauna
species conservation
Question and
Discussion
Action plan for flora
species conservation
Question and
Discussion
International best
practice for biodiversity
conservation planning
Question and
Discussion
Tea break
GIS and remote sensing
tools application in
biodiversity conservation
planning
December 2014
Contents
Introduction
Tea break
3
Methods
information
in table
"class 3
plan"
Two-day
interactive
lecture by
TA; see
detail
information
in table
"class 3
plan"
11:0011:40
14:0015:00
15:0015:30
15:3015:45
15:4516:45
16:4517:15
9:0010:00
10:0010:30
10:3010:45
10:4511:30
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Clas
s
Day
3
Schedule
Time
Question and
Discussion
11:3011:45
3.2
biodiversity conservation
planning
Topic: how to apply the training
knowledge in local biodiversity
conservation work.
Share and summary the group
discussion result
Group Discussion
14:0017:00
Training Wrap-up
17:0017:30
YEPD
Participants arrive at
hotel and register
All Day
Introduction
9:00-9:20
Introduction of BSAP
Question and
Discussion
Flora Resources
Protection
9:20-9:50
9:5010:00
10:0010:15
10:1511:15
Question and
Discussion
11:1511:45
Fauna Resources
Protection
14:0015:00
Question and
Discussion
15:0015:30
Tea break
15:3015:45
International
conservation best
practice for nature
reserve management
15:4516:45
Question and
Discussion
16:4517:15
Community
development and
biodiversity conservation
9:0010:30
Group Discussion
10:3011:00
Tea break
11:0011:15
5
December 2014
Contents
Wu Xuecan,
Li Zhuoqing,
HanLianxian
, Du Fan,
David, Ellen
Tea break
4
Lecturers
YEPD
Mr. Wu
Xuecan
Prof. Du Fan
Prof. Han
Lianxian
Dr. David
Gallacher &
Ms.Ellen He
Ms. Wu
Yusong
37
Training objective, contents and
course arrangement
Key actions in BSAP
Important role of nature reserve
in BSAP implementation
Flora survey and monitoring
method for nature reserve
Key species and their action
projects in nature reserve from
BSAP
Case study of flora species
conservation
Fauna survey and monitoring
method for nature reserve
Key species and their action
projects in nature reserve from
BSAP
Case study of fauna species
conservation
International experience for
demonstration small nature area
establishment
International successful case for
nature reserve management
Integration and application of
international experience in
nature reserve of Yunnan
Community development and
management in nature reserve
Biodiversity conservation based
on community development
(including ethnic minority)
Case study of community
development and biodiversity
conservation
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Clas
s
130.
Day
Schedule
Time
Lecturers
Training Wrap-up
11:1511:45
YEPD
Contents
Results
Training was held at two venues in Kunming in October 2014. A total of 236 participants joined
the training, 52 of which were female. Participants came from more than 60 counties of 16
municipalities and prefectures in Yunnan. They represent more than 20 government
departments at different levels, including the People’s Congress, Political Consultation
Committee, Development and Reform Department, Land Resources Management, Agriculture,
Tourism, and Poverty Alleviation. Officials from counties in all eight sub-priority regions identified
in the Five-Year Action Plan attended the training. The participants are summarized in Table 10,
and photographs from the training event are shown in Figure 7.
Table 10 – Participants for Class 1-3
Number of
Participants
56
Date
Class Name of Training
Venue
2014.10.23
1
Yunnan Provincial Party
School, Kunming
Huaxing Hotel, Kunming
Guihua Hotel, Kunming
65
61
Guihua Hotel, Kunming
54
2014.10.28
2
2014.10.28-29 3.1
2014.10.30-31 3.2
Training for Government Officials at
Different Levels
Training for County EPB Leaders
Training for Local Conservation
Management Staff of EPBs
Training for Management Staff of
National and Provincial Nature
Reserves
131.
Training for Government Officials and County EPB Leaders was incorporated into existing
training programmes on Ecological Civilization Training (held by Yunnan Provincial Party
School), and Occupational Training of Environmental Protection (held by YEPD). Six lectures
were given by TA experts for the Local EPB Conservation Management Staff training, and five
lectures were given to Nature Reserve Management Staff. These lectures were supplemented
by question and answer sessions and interactive group discussions.
132.
To assess the effectiveness of training, questionnaires were distributed to the participants on
each training day. A total of 295 questionnaires were collected, and an overall evaluation of the
training is summarized in Figure 8. In general, participants indicated a high level of satisfaction
with the training:
· Over 80% of participants were satisfied with the contents of the lectures, noting the lectures
were specifically related and applicable to their work.
· Over 80% of participants considered the lectures were presented in a clear and
understandable way.
· 70% of participants considered the interaction between lecturers and participants was good.
· 63% of the Government Officials, 68% of Nature Reserve Management Staff and 82% of
EPB Conservation Management Staff believed they have well benefited from the training.
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Figure 7 – Photographs from Training Events, October 2014
133.
Additional specific feedback on the training included:
· EPB Conservation Management Staff considered the training helpful as it provided a basic
grounding in biodiversity conservation and planning, as well as description of the YBSAP
and 5-Year Action Plan. Due to the task division and responsibility of the EPB, it’s staff have
limited practical knowledge about the biodiversity conservation.
· Nature Reserve Management Staff found the training useful but suggested a longer training
programme would have allowed a more detailed discussion of the topics covered, increasing
the value of the training.
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·
·
Government Officials at different levels preferred discussion on practical biodiversity
conservation issues in Yunnan, rather than more theoretical discussion of biodiversity
planning strategies and techniques.
Various participants suggested the training could be improved if illustrated with more case
studies. They also suggested combining the lecture series with field visits.
Figure 8 – Participants Training Feedback Summary
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
benefits
134.
Nature
reserve staff
EPB
conservation
staff
County EPB
leaders
Government
officials
overall
evaluation
Details of each training session are provided in Tables 11-16 below.
Table 11 – Summary and Evaluation of Party School Training
1.General Information
Lecture(s): Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan Lecturer(s):
Wu Xuecan
Invited
Actual
Attendance
Questionnaires
Date
Location
Participants Participants
Ratio
Collected
Yunnan
October 23,
Provincial Party 60
56
93%
56
2014
School
2. Training Summary
1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Situation in Yunnan
Content
2. Introduction to the Five-Year Action Plan
3. Methodology of the Five-Year Action Plan
· Senior officials from different government departments of 13 municipalities and
prefectures (accounting for 82% of all municipalities/prefectures in Yunnan).
· Representatives from the People’s Congress at the provincial and municipal levels
Participants
· Officials from land resources, water resources, agriculture, tourism and forestry
· Vice governors from the county governments (including counties in selected sub-priority
regions such as Yingjiang, Shangrila and Guangnan)
3. Feedback Summary
· Over 80% of participants think the lecture comprehensive and of significance for them,
Content
· 77% of the participants think the lecture is useful and applicable for their work.
· 77% of the participants consider the time is well arranged and managed.
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· More than half the participants think more
interaction should have been integrated into
the training
Lecturer
· Almost 90% of participants consider the
lecturer has a good professional knowledge,
and 64% think the contents are clearly
explained and expressed.
· 48% of the participants consider the lecturer
has a good teaching skill and 55% of them
think there is a good communication
between the lecturer and the participants.
· In general, more than half (63%) of the
participants think they have well benefited
from the training.
General
4. Specific Comments and Feedback
Key Feedback
· Appreciation of the urgency of protecting the biodiversity in Yunnan, particularly key species
mentioned in the training.
· Understanding of biodiversity conservation strategies and action plan of the whole province.
Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training
· How to protect endangered species, particularly in the rural poor area?
· Improved basic knowledge of biodiversity conservation in Yunnan.
· How to develop the local economy through biodiversity conservation?
· Discuss policy, regulations and stimulation measures related to biodiversity utilization industry.
· The economic evaluation of biodiversity and its development potential.
Summary of Training Benefits
· From the identified additional training needs, the participants have reflected on what has been learned
in connection with their work. They understand they need of more knowledge of biodiversity,
especially in the regions they are responsible for.
· As senior government officials, the participants are concerned with social and economic development.
The training helped raise awareness of biodiversity conservation in their decision-making process.
Conclusions
· In conclusion, this training session promoted the Five-Year Action Plan among the government
officials and leaders at different levels. Their awareness about biodiversity conservation and their
knowledge of biodiversity was improved by the training.
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Table 12 – Summary and Evaluation of Leader of County EPBs Training
1. General Information
Lecture(s)
Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan
Lecturer(s)
Wu Xuecan
Invited
Actual
Attendance
Questionnaires
Date
Location
Participants Participants
Ratio
Collected
October 28, Xinghua Hotel,
73
65
89%
65
2014
Kunming
2. Training Summary
1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Situation in Yunnan
Contents 2. Introduction to the Five-Year Action Plan
3. Methodology of the Five-Year Action Plan
· Directors or vice directors from 65 county EPBs (including counties from all eight selected
Participants
sub-priority regions)
3. Feedback Summary
· Nearly 90% of the participants think the
lecture is designed in a comprehensive and
reasonable way. The contents of the lecture
are useful and applicable for their work.
Content
· 86% of the participants consider the time is
well arranged and managed. 78% of the
participants consider the lecture is given in
an interactive way.
Lecturer
· 92% of the participants deem the lecturer has
a good professional knowledge, and 77% of
them think the contents of the lectures are
clearly explained and expressed.
· 82% of the participants consider the lecturer
has a good teaching skill. 74% of them think
there is a good communication between the
lecturer and the participants.
· 71% of the participants think they have
benefited from the lecture, and 80% of the
participants had a good overall impression of
the lecture.
General
4. Specific Comments and Feedback
Key Feedback
· Participants gained an understanding of biodiversity, including concepts, connotation, significance, key
species and the urgency of conservation efforts.
· The participants better understand provincial biodiversity conservation strategies and action planning.
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Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training
· Details of conservation strategies for endangered species, and how to incorporate into the
environmental impact assessment process.
· How to formulate the local conservation planning and operational plans.
Summary of Training Benefits
· The lecture is helpful for directors/vice directors of the county EPBs, enhancing their knowledge of
biodiversity and the conservation situation in Yunnan, and introducing the Five-Year Action Plan.
Conclusions
· Most participants are satisfied with the lecture. Biodiversity conservation is a relatively new topic for
their work, therefore the awareness raising achieved through this project was highly valuable.
Table 13 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 1)
1. General Information
1. Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan
and Its Formulation;
Wu Xuecan Hu Jian
2.Application and Management of Biodiversity
Lecture(s)
Lecturer(s) Han Lianxian
Conservation Projects
Du Fan
3. Action Plan for Faunal Conservation
4. Action Plan for Floral Conservation
Invited
Attendance Questionnaires
Date
Location
Actual Participants
Participants
Ratio
Collected
October 28, Guihua Hotel,
61
57
93%
52
2014
Kunming
2. Training Summary
Lecture 1:
1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Its Situation in Yunnan;
2. Introduction of Biodiversity Conservation Five-Year Action Plan in Yunnan;
3. How the Action Plan is Formulated.
Lecture 2:
A general introduction of how to apply for biodiversity conservation projects and the main
relative policies of the government.
Content
Lecture 3:
1. How to identify the key conservation species of animals;
2. General Introduction of Key Animal Species in the Five-Year Action Plan;
3. Introduction of Animal Conservation Actions Proposed in the Action Plan.
Lecture 4:
1. Concept and Types of Plant Species with Conservation Value;
2. Key Conservation Plants and Their Conservation Measures.
· Senior management staff from the county EPBs of all 16 municipalities in Yunnan,
Participants
representing more than 40 counties (including counties from all eight selected subpriority regions). All participants are working in EPB nature conservation divisions.
3. Feedback Summary
· 90% of the participants think the lecture is
comprehensive and reasonable, and the
contents of the lecture are of significance for
them.
· 83% of them think the lecture is useful and
Content
applicable for their work.
· 87% of the participants consider the time is
well arranged and managed. 71% of the
participants consider the lecture is given in
an interactive way.
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Lecturer
· 90% of the participants deem the lecturers
to have good professional knowledge, 87%
think the contents of the lectures are clearly
explained and expressed by the lecturer.
· 88% of them consider the lecturers have a
good teaching skill. Around 80% think there
is good communication between the
lecturers and the participants.
· In general, 81% of the participants think
they have well benefited from the lecture,
and 87% of the participants think the
lectures are good in all.
General
4. Specific Comments and Feedback
Key Feedback
· Biodiversity knowledge of participants was improved, and they have gained understanding of
provincial biodiversity conservation strategies and the Five-Year Action Plan.
· Participants understand how to prepare biodiversity conservation action plans, and how to apply
these to their projects.
· They also have improved knowledge of key conservation species.
Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training
· Key tasks and working methodologies of biodiversity conservation for EPB;
· Detailed methodologies of formulating the local biodiversity conservation action plan;
· More basic biodiversity knowledge, including species identification and distribution;
· Protection of cultural heritage and ethnic minorities
· Management skills for biodiversity conservation projects.
Summary of Training Benefits
· There is a strong demand of biodiversity conservation knowledge for the EPB people. This training
not only provides the basic knowledge of biodiversity to them but also the guideline for their future
conservation work through introducing the YBSAP and Five-Year Action Plan.
· While the training was positively received, the participants realized they still have a lot to learn n this
topic, and requested more training in the future, with more concrete case studies and field visits to
enhance their understanding.
Conclusions
· In conclusion, this training is useful in enriching the biodiversity conservation knowledge of EPB staff.
It provides helpful information and technical guidance for the participants in carrying out their work in
the future.
Table 14 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 2)
1. General Information
1.International Best Practice for Biodiversity
Conservation Planning
David Gallacher,
Lecture(s)
2.Application of GIS and Remote Sensing Lecturer(s)
Li Zhuoqing
Technology in Biodiversity Conservation
3. Group Discussion
Date
Location
Invited
Actual
Attendance
Questionnaires
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Participants
Participants
Ratio
Collected
October 29,
Guihua Hotel,
40
61
50
82%
2014
Kunming
2. Training Summary
The following contents have been covered during the training:
Lecture 1:
1. General introduction of biodiversity, including its value and threats;
2. International framework for biodiversity conservation;
Contents
3. International best practice in biodiversity conservation.
Lecture 2:
1. General introduction of the concepts and functions of GPS, RS and GIS;
2. Application of these three technologies in decision-making, biodiversity monitoring and
daily use.
· Senior management staff from the county EPBs of all 16 municipalities in Yunnan,
Participants
representing more than 40 counties (including counties from all eight selected subpriority regions). All participants are working in EPB nature conservation divisions.
3. Feedback Summary
· Over 90% of the participants think the
lectures are designed in a comprehensive
and reasonable way. The contents of the
lectures are significance for them, and are
useful and applicable for their work.
Content
· 90% of them consider the time is well
arranged and managed. 88% of them
consider the lectures are given in an
interactive way.
· 93% of the participants deem the lecturers
have a good professional knowledge, and
88% of them think the contents of the
lectures are clearly explained and
expressed by the lecturer.
Lecturer
· 83% of the participants consider the
lecturers have a good teaching skill. 85%
of them think there is a good
communication between the lecturers and
the participants
· 83% of the participants think they have
well benefited from the lecture, and 88% of
the participants think the lectures are good
in all.
General
4. Specific Comments and Feedback
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Key Feedback
· Participants were very interested to understand the extensive public participation and cooperation of
different stakeholders in the planning process demonstrated in international case studies. They also
think that the international cooperation is very important in biodiversity conservation in Yunnan since
the province is sharing border with many countries. An effective platform is needed for such
cooperation.
· The lecture given by the GIS expert gave an understanding what the “3S” technology can do for their
work, and noticed their current knowledge is not sufficient for the application of such technology,
particularly in monitoring of pollution threats on the local biodiversity.
Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training
· More concrete application and operation methods of biodiversity conservation management;
· Skills and methods in cooperation between different government departments in promoting
biodiversity conservation;
· Application of the GIS and remote sensing technologies and use of the relative equipment.
Summary of Training Benefits
· Participants learnt both international practice in biodiversity conservation planning and advanced
technology of applying the GPS, remote sensing and GIS in the biodiversity conservation work.
· The training provided different dimensions of the working methodology, and promotes engaging with
the public and different departments and organizations.
Conclusions
· Most of participants are satisfied with the training. Their eyes and minds are opened on the second
day of the training, and they showed a strong desire to learn more of international practice and
applied technology for their work.
Table 15 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 1)
1. General Information
1. Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in
Yunnan and Its Formulation;
Wu Xuecan
2. Wildlife Survey and Conservation
Han Lianxian
Lecture(s)
3.Case Study of Plant Resources Survey and Lecturer(s)
Du Fan
Conservation;
David Gallacher
4.International Conservation Best Practice for
Nature Reserve Management
Invited
Actual
Attendance Questionnaires
Date
Location
Participants Participants
Ratio
Collected
October 30,
Guihua Hotel,
54
51
94%
37
2014
Kunming
2. Training Summary
Lecture 1:
1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Its Situation in Yunnan;
2. Introduction of Biodiversity Conservation Five-Year Action Plan in Yunnan;
3. How the Action Plan is Formulated.
Lecture 2:
1. Survey and Monitoring Methodology of Wild Animal Species and Their Population;
2. General Introduction of Key Animal Species and Conservation Actions in the Five-Year
Content
Action Plan;
3. Cases of Wildlife Conservation.
Lecture 3:
Taking the National Wild Plant Resources Survey as an example, the survey
methodologies and the key protected wild plant species are introduced.
Lecture 4:
1. Introduction of the Existing Protected Area Network in China and Yunnan;
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2. Gaps in Protected Area System;
3. International Case Studies;
4. Lessons Learned and Potential Applications in Yunnan.
· Senior management and technical staff from the national and provincial nature reserve
management bureaus. Over 95% of Yunnan’s provincial and national nature reserves
were represented.
3. Feedback Summary
· Nearly 90% of the participants think the
lecture is designed in a comprehensive
and reasonable way. The contents of the
lecture are of specific significance for
them. 84% of the participants think the
Content
lecture is useful and applicable for their
work.
· 86% of the participants consider the time
is well arranged and managed. 65% of the
participants consider the lecture is given
in an interactive way.
· 89% of the participants deem the lecturers
have a good professional knowledge, and
92% of them think the contents of the
lectures are clearly explained and
expressed by the lecturer. 81% of the
Lecturer
participants consider the lecturers have a
good teaching skill. However, 65% of
them think there is a good communication
between the lecturers and the
participants.
Senior management and technical staff
from the national and provincial nature
reserve management bureaus. Over 95%
of Yunnan’s provincial and national nature
reserves were represented.
General
Participants
4. Specific Comments and Feedback
Key Feedback
· According to their feedback on the questionnaires, the nature reserve management staff attending the
training have learnt the species survey and monitoring methodologies, improved their knowledge of
some specific species and their conservation situation. They also find the practice of establishing the
small protected area very useful and inspiring for the nature conservation in Yunnan.
· From the introduction of the five-year action plan, they know about the priority area and key species
for biodiversity conservation, and the major actions and measures. It provides helpful guidance for the
key species protection in their work.
Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training
· More knowledge about the wildlife and plant species, such as their characteristics, habits and
distribution;
· Selection of the monitoring sample plots, the monitoring methods and compilation of monitoring data;
· Nature reserve management.
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Summary of Training Benefits
· The lectures on the first day of the training are quite related to the work of the nature reserve
management staff, particularly the survey and monitoring methodologies. However, due to the time
limit, the participants feel that they have not got the required knowledge deep and detailed enough.
· They also showed very interest in the international practice of nature reserve management, because
they are facing a lot of difficulties and conflicts in their actual management work.
Conclusions
· In conclusion, this training on the first day for the nature reserve management staff is quite useful in
providing the practical methodologies of survey and monitoring, and the guidance of the action plan.
The participants have the opportunity to learn the international best practice. In addition, the
organization of such training stimulates the communication and exchange between the different
nature reserves as stated by the participants themselves.
Table 16 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 2)
1.General Information
Community
Participation
in
Biodiversity
Lecture(s)
Conservation: Theory
and Practice of Lecturer(s)
Wu Yusong
Community Co-Management
Invited
Actual
Attendance
Questionnaires
Date
Location
Participants
Participants
Ratio
Collected
October 31,
Guihua Hotel,
54
47
87%
45
2014
Kunming
2. Training Summary
1. The challenge of the sustainable development, particularly the poverty issue;
Contents
2. The concept of co-management, and its practice in China;
3. Design and implementation of co-management.
· Senior management and technical staff from the national and provincial nature reserve
management bureaus. Over 95% of Yunnan’s provincial and national nature reserves
were represented.
3. Feedback Summary
· Over 80% of participants think the lecture
is designed in a comprehensive and
reasonable way. The contents of the
lecture are of significance for them.
·
76%
of the participants think the lecture is
Content
useful and applicable for their work. 71%
of the participants consider the time is well
arranged and managed. 80% of the
participants consider the lecture is given in
an interactive way.
· 84% of the participants deem the lecturers
have a good professional knowledge, and
87% of them think the contents of the
lectures are clearly explained and
expressed by the lecturer. 76% of the
participants consider the lecturers have a
Lecturer
good teaching skill.
· Less than 70% of them think there is a
good communication between the lecturer
and participants.
Participants
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· In general, 71% of the participants think
General
they have benefited from the lecture, and
69% of the participants think the lectures
are good in all.
4. Specific Comments and Feedback
Key Feedback
· The participants achieved better understanding of co-management concepts, and the application of
community participation in nature reserve management by means of sustainable utilization of natural
resources and poverty alleviation activities. The participants realize the necessity of the participation
of the community in biodiversity conservation.
Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training
· More knowledge of co-management in nature conservation and effective ways of community
participation;
· Nature reserve management addressing the conflict of poverty and conservation;
· International best practice in co-management.
Summary of Training Benefits
· There is a good interactive communication between the lecturer and the participants. The participants
actively provide their experiences in dealing with the community surrounding the nature reserve and
point out the difficulty in solving the conflicts. Such communication enhances their understanding of
the significance of community participation in nature reserve management. They seem to welcome
the co-management, but still not so confident in finding the effective way of doing so. The lecture
provides them with some helpful ideas and thoughts, and the process and tools to reach a common
understanding with the community.
Conclusions
· The lecture brings a relatively new concept of co-management for most participants. It provides
another dimension of nature reserve management, helping the nature reserve management staff in
solving the conflict during their management work.
135.
Mechanism for Improved Conservation Planning and Interdepartmental Participation
As is the case globally, biodiversity conservation and planning in Yunnan Province involves
various government departments as well as research organizations, CSO’s and other
stakeholders. Efforts to improve the coordination of these organizations date back to 2008,
when the ‘Advice of the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government on Strengthening Biodiversity
Conservation in the Northwest of Yunnan Province’ was issued. A more comprehensive,
provincial wide mechanism for improved coordination of biodiversity management, the BCLO,
was established on 2012. Three BCLO meetings were held in 2012-2013, attended by senior
provincial government leaders including Mr. Li Jiheng (Yunnan Governor) and Mr. He Duanqi
(Yunnan Vice-Governor) as well as senior leaders from different departments. During the
formulation of this TA, the BCLO was designated as the Project Leading Group.
136.
Large-scale reform of Yunnan government structure was planned and implemented in 2013/14,
with an aim to reduce red-tape, streamline operations and downsize administrative departments.
As part of this reform process, the BCLO was disbanded in early 2014.
137.
Potential mechanisms for improved biodiversity conservation and planning were discussed with
the EA at meetings on 18 April 2104 and 2 July 2014. The EA noted that the timing for
introducing such a mechanism was poor, given that overall government policy and management
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of biodiversity resources was in a state of significant flux during the TA. Due to this situation, the
EA advised that there would be no value in trying to develop a conservation mechanism during
the course of the TA.
138.
Because of the difficulties in addressing this issue during the course of the TA, the need to
establish a coordinating office/agency was highlighted in the 5-year Action plan, and was
included as one of the priority actions. Implementation of this action should be considered when
further decision from YPG on overall coordination of biodiversity conservation and planning had
been made. This proposed action was presented in detail at the final workshop, and received
general support from all stakeholders.
Conclusions
139.
140.
V.
A.
Training
The training was successful in transferring knowledge and experience to the participants, as well
as promoting the YBSAP, 5-year Action Plan and the role of the EA in biodiversity conservation
efforts in Yunnan. The training reached a large group of staff from different government
departments representing dozens of counties across the province.
Mechanism for Improved Conservation Planning and Interdepartmental Participation
Leadership and coordination of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts in Yunnan
remained in flux throughout the programme of this TA, and had yet to be resolved at the time of
writing of this report. The implementation of an effective mechanism was not possible during this
TA due to uncertain political and administrative environment during the TA, but a clear plan for
developing more effective management of biodiversity conservation and planning was included
in the 5-year Action Plan.
141.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Project Benefits and Risks
Project Benefits
The TA as a whole, and particularly development of the Five-Year Action Plan, included
extensive stakeholder engagement involving various YPG departments, academics and CSOs.
Stakeholders were involved in workshops and expert panel reviews, and invited to provide
written comments on several drafts of the Five-Year Action Plan. This process was documented
on the YEPD and GMS websites, as well as being reported in local media.
142.
The major benefits brought by this project are summarized in Table 17.
Table 17 – Project Benefits
Scale
Benefits
Regional
• Provide biodiversity data and analysis for part of Great Mekong Sub-region (GMS).
Level
• Participation of GMS-EOC representatives at TA workshops improved and
coordination of conservation efforts.
• Identify trans-boundary action items in collaboration with different countries in GMS
to improve regional biodiversity management
• Provide project materials to GMS website improved knowledge exchange.
National Level • Promote implementation of key action items identified in the NBSAP.
Provincial
• Improve biodiversity conservation in Yunnan through development of Five-Year
Level
Action Plan which can be integrated with the Thirteen-Five Plan of Yunnan province.
• Training enhanced biodiversity awareness of provincial government officers by
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Scale
County/
Prefecture
Level
143.
Benefits
trainings.
• Extensive workshop and expert panel review programme enhanced cross
department cooperation for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan province, and
improve communication between academics, government departments and CSO.
• Knowledge product raised awareness of government officials and the general public
relating to biodiversity management and climate change.
• Equipment purchase enhanced EA ability to implement the TA, and functional
capacity after the TA.
• Provided a framework and guidance for development of local sector BSAP.
• Identified individual projects for biodiversity conservation in priority counties and
prefectures.
• Training improved knowledge and awareness of government officials responsible for
biodiversity planning and conservation at county and prefecture level.
• Identified additional training requirements to improve biodiversity conservation
capacity for local technical staff.
Project Risks
Further implementation of the Five-Year Action Plan does carry some risk. However, identified
risks are considered manageable, and can be largely mitigated as described in Table 18.
Table 18 – Risk and Mitigation Measures
Risk
The Action Plan may not be fully
implemented due to dissolution of
BCLO and lack of replacement
coordinating body
The Five-Year Action Plan may, by
focusing on sites of highest priority,
result in less government attention or
funding on other BSAP Priority Areas
during this five years
There is no stable funding source and
cooperation
mechanism
for
biodiversity conservation in Yunnan
which will impact the implementation
of the Action Plan.
Lack of strategic follow-up after the
TA
B.
144.
Mitigation Measures
• A priority project included in the Action Plan is reestablishment of a government body to coordinate
biodiversity conservation and management.
• Funding of the Five-Year Action Plan will not result in
reduced funding or existing responsibilities of sartorial
agencies for other regions
• External funding sources have been recommended to
supplement government funding.
• Action has been recommended to reinstate and improve
cooperation mechanism
• Detailed monitoring and evaluation criteria have been set for
each activity proposed in the Five-Year Action Plan.
Limitations and Recommended Next Steps
Limitations
During the course of the TA, a number of issues were identified that limited the effective
implementation of the Project. These are described in Table 19.
Table 19 – Project Limitations
Limitation
Description
YBSAP approval
The YBSAP was endorsed and approved by YPG before commencement of
the TA. As a consequence, the TA could not influence overall direction of
biodiversity planning and conservation efforts, or change priority projects
identified in the YBSAP.
Lack of YPG
The dissolution of the BCLO in 2014 had an impact on the TA. In particular:
coordination
· The lack of a higher coordinating office meant there was very limited
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Limitation
Data availability
145.
Description
collaboration between the EA and other government departments (e.g.,
Forestry Department) who are involved in biodiversity management during
the course of the TA.
· Without the BCLO, there was limited personnel/expertise representing
YPG to provide timely and constructive feedback on draft output.
Development of the Five-Year Action Plan was limited by data availability. In
particular:
· No information was available on funding or implementation of priority
projects identified in the approved YBSAP.
· No data was available on current/ planned government funding for
biodiversity conservation in Yunnan.
· Details of other YPG biodiversity planning documents (e.g. from Forestry
Department) were unavailable.
Recommendations for Next Steps after the TA
To facilitate the long-term implementation of the TA, as well as further enhance biodiversity
conservation and management in Yunnan, several follow-up actions were identified. These were
discussed and agreed at the final workshop by ADB, the EA and TA Team. These actions are
described in Table 20.
Table 20 – Recommended Next Steps after the TA
Output Action
Description
1
2
3
4
5
December 2014
Time
Schedule
Official YPG
approval of the
Five-Year
Action Plan
After the TA completion, the EA will assess readiness of the
Five-Year Action Plan for official YPG approval and conduct January
an expert panel review and other internal procedures as 2015
necessary to get approval from Yunnan Provincial
Government.
Promote Five- EA will promote the plan at provincial, national and JanuaryYear Action
international events e.g. GMS environmental events and August
Plan
upload TA materials to the YEPD website, with links to the 2015
YPG and Ministry of Environment websites.
Integration of Integrate the Action Plan into the 2015 work plan of relevant February
the Action Plan YEPD divisions (especially the nature conservation division) 2015
YEPD work
and apply for increased budget.
plans
Integration of Lobby other relevant departments, especially Forestry Dept., February
the Five-Year to include the plan in their sector plans and budgets.
2015
Action Plan
YEPD work
plans
EA capacity
At the time of writing, the EA are the implementing agency for March
building
the YBSAP. The training conducted as part of the TA was 2015
planning
helpful in improving EA capacity for biodiversity planning and
management, but a comprehensive capacity building
programme is required to ensure the YBSAP and Five-Year
Action Plan are effectively implemented.
52
AECOM
TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province
Final Report
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 – SUMMARY OF PUBLISHED YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND
ACTION PLAN
1. The summary is a translation for key contents in original BSAP by the team including basic information of
biodiversity in Yunnan, gap analysis, priority areas, priority species and priority projects.
Biodiversity Features
2. Yunnan is the province has the most species richness in China, especially for new taxa groups. Chinese
endemic angiosperm is abundant in Yunnan, more than other provinces in China, with 180 genera, 8,772
species especially found in China, and 4,018 species only found in Yunnan.
3. Although the ecosystem of Yunnan is very rich, the system space is rather limited. Some species only
found in special habitats, with very low resilience to outside interference, thus, they are easily fall into
endangered or even extinct when in the face of natural disasters and human activities. Yunnan’s special
geological structure and topography, as well as complex climate also contribute to this ecosystem
vulnerability, especially for those high mountain regions, which are usually in high altitude, with cold
climate, and result in a relatively slow vegetation recovery and succession rates.
Protection Achievements
4. The regulatory system of biodiversity conservation has been improved continuously which includes:
Regulations on Environment Protection of Yunnan Province, Regulations on Conservation of Terrestrial
Wild Life of Yunnan Province, Regulations on Protection of Agricultural Environment of Yunnan Province,
Regulations on Nature Reserve Management of Yunnan Province, etc.
5. The provincial and regional conservation plans include Plan for Biodiversity Conservation Engineering of
Yunnan Province , Conservation and Exploration Plan of Biological Species Resources of Yunnan
Province, Emergency Action Plan for Conservation of Species with Extremely Small Populations and
Species in Yunnan Province (2010-2015), Outline of National Park Development Plan of Yunnan
Province (2009-2020), Outline of Biodiversity Conservation Plan for Northwest of Yunnan Province
(2008-2020), etc.
6. After established the first nature reserve in 1958, Yunnan had built 159 nature reserves by the end of
2012, with a total area of about 2.83 million hectares, accounting for 7.2% of the province’s land area. 20
national level nature reserves and 38 provincial reserves functioned as conservation network, has been
effectively protecting 85% of the rare and endangered wildlife species. Besides these, there are national
parks, such as Pudacuo National Park ( high mountain-lake type of wetland), Meili Snow Mountain
National Park(snow mountain), Lijiang Laojunshan National Park (Danxia landform, glacial lake and
forest wetland), and 27 national forest parks, 4 national wetland parks, 4 international convention on
wetlands.
7. Major Issues Affecting Biodiversity Conservation:
· Conflict between development and conservation
· Areas with most rich biodiversity are usually located in poor or undeveloped regions and the local
people are highly dependent on these biodiversity resources.
· Due to over-harvesting by human, some endangered species haven’t been protected well enough.
Some indigenous species disappeared with the construction and loss of habitats.
· Ecological function degradation: especially in terms of hydrological conservation, water quality
purification, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.
· Alien invasive species: 209 species include Ageratina adenophora、Mikania micrantha, Echhomia
crassipes, etc
· Loss of genetic germplasm resources
· Climate change: 500,000 hectares of nature reserve was under drought impact in 2010, and 6700
hectares was severely impacted.
· The ecological compensation policy is not mature yet.
· Minority culture loss
December 2014
AECOM
Gap analysis
8. Gap analysis for key protected areas:
· Biluo Snow Mountain: with a distinct ecological vertical spectrum, this mountain has the most
abundant biodiversity, tourism resources and hydropower resources. At present, this area only has
Yunling provincial natural reserve, and there is a large gap in protection other areas in this region.
· Lijiang Laojunshan region: vegetation types include sub-alpine cold temperate coniferous forest,
subalpine or alpine azalea shrubs, subalpine meadows, and many other sub-types. A number of subalpine lakes and beautiful natural landscape can also be found here. This area owns special minority
culture characteristics. Although it has been identified as national park, the conservation level is
relatively low.
· Shangri-La Gorge: holds the largest, most original and most complete cold temperate coniferous
forest and sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forest in the low latitude subtropical region. This
area is a hotspot with conflicts intertwined between conservation and development, since it brings
together a wealth of biological taxa, rare and endangered species, unique biological resources as
well as rich mineral resources. No nature reserved has been established yet.
· Alpine and sub-alpine glacial erosion lakes in northwestern Yunnan: these lakes plays an important
role in maintaining the equilibrium and stability of the composite ecosystem ranging from plateau
lakes mountain, subalpine forests, meadows and other ecosystem types. However, their isolated
location and relatively small size are very susceptible to human activities and has been experiencing
degradation problems. Conservation regulatory for this area is high in need.
· Dry-hot and dry-warm valleys in Jinsha River: these districts are home to some ancient endemic
species due to its unique climate features. This area has irreplaceable ecological function in terms of
water soil conservation and watershed ecological security in Jinsha and Yangtze River basin, which
is also considered as high research value area. At present, this region has not established any
biodiversity conservation areas.
· Large Yingjiang and Longchuan River basin in southwestern Yunnan: located in the frontier of Indian
Ocean warm current, this region has abundant rainfall and heat resources, with lush rainforest and
very diverse species. It is also a important catchment for Irrawaddy river, function as water
conservation, hydrological regulation and ecological services. At present, no other protected areas
have been established except the Dayingjiang national scenic zone.
· Southeastern Karst area and southeast monsoon broadleaf forest: Karst landform is typical in
Southeastern Yunnan, and this region is the world famous “Ancient Angiosperm Magnoliaceae
Distribution Centre". While this is also a very ecological sensitive area, since the surface water
seepage is severe in Karst areas, the water retention capability is weak. Desertification risk is high if
the there is a destruction of vegetation. To protect the broadleaf forest and ancient endemic species
in this region, conservation zones should be established as soon as possible.
9. Gap analysis for key lakes, marshes and river wetlands:
·
·
Plateau lake-wetlands: Fuxian lake, Xingyun lake, Qilu Lake, Yilong Lake and Yangzong hai Lake
have not been listed as protected wetlands.
No river wetland reserve has been established in Lancang River, Jinsha River, Red River, Nujiang,
Nanpanjiang and Irrawaddy River areas.
10. Gap analysis for important migration corridor:
· There is a big gap in establishing eco-corridor network. Important migration corridors include Asian
elephant migration corridor from Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve to Pu’er city, from Laos to
Myanmar; or snub-nosed monkey migration corridor from Weixi County to Yulong County in
northwestern Yunnan. Conservation and management works should be strengthened in these
regions.
· Management efforts for bird migration corridors are extremely weak. Some important bird migration
corridors include Niaodiaoshan state level Nature Reserve in Eryuan, Napa provincial natural reserve
where is Black-necked cranes wintering ground, and Fu Ning Niaowangshan as an important
migratory channel. Conservation and management works should be strengthened in these regions.
11. Gap analysis for key species
The below species listed in the national protected species, have yet been included any nature reserve or
protected areas in Yunnan:
· Plants: Glyptostrobus pensilis, Pterocarpus indicus, Keteleeria pubescens, Alsophila metteniana,
Magnolia sinensis, Bhesa robusta, Cyrtomium hemionitis, Ottelia cordata, Ormosia henryi,
Spodiopogon sagittifolius.
· Animal: Lophophorus impejanus, Arborophila rufipectus, Circus spilonotus, Pelecanus philippensis,
Syrmaticus reevesii, Psittacula roseata, Cuora yunnanensis
Priority Areas Identification
12. Selection based on factors like uniqueness, ecological functions, richness, rare and endangered,
economic uses, and scientific values.6 first priority and 18 secondary priority conservation areas have
been identified based on the above two guidelines. They are listed as below:
· Coniferous forest in alpine gorges of northwest Yunnan
- Cool temperate coniferous forest in north of Gaoligong Mountain
- Cold temperate coniferous forest in Meili Snow Mountain and Biluo Snow Mountain
- Cold and warm temperate coniferous forest in Yunling Mountain
- Cold temperate coniferous forest in Shangri-la Mountain
· Tropical rainforests in trans-boundary area of south Yunnan
- Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forest in south Gaoligong Mountain
- Tropical rainforest in Tongbiguan Mountain
- Tropical rainforest in Nanting River area
- Tropical rainforest in Xishuangbana
- Moist rainforest in Hong River area
· The southeast monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest of Karst area in southeast Yunnan
· Moist evergreen broadleaf forest of Wumeng Mountain in northeast Yunnan
- Moist evergreen broadleaf forest of Wumeng Mountain
- Dry-hot valleys in the downstream of Jinsha River
· Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forest in Ailao Mountain and midstream of Lancang River
- Middle mountain and wide valleys evergreen broadleaf in Langcang River area
- Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf in Wuliang Mountain
- Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf in Ailao Mountain
· Yunnan plateau wetland area
- Plateau lakes in middle of Yunnan
- Plateau lakes in northwest Yunnan
- Alpine swamp meadow in northeast Yunnan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Priority Projects
Establish local laws and regulations for biodiversity conservation
Biodiversity survey and cataloguing for 18 second level priority areas (including propose nature reserve
network design, monitoring strategies, and conservation planning according to climate change)
Survey, cataloguing and service evaluation for ecosystem diversity.
Survey and cataloguing of aquatic biological resources for rivers and lakes (focus on the 6 major river
system+lakes on plateaus)
Biological resource investigation and catalog for ex-situ conservation areas.
Survey and cataloguing of biological genetic resources and traditional knowledge in minority-inhabited
regions.
Agricultural wild plant conservation sites construction
Survey of wild animal epidemic diseases and sources
Research on mid and long term dynamic changes of forest vegetation in Yunnan province
Impact assessment and strategy research for sustained drought on biodiversity
Impact assessment for grazing in key ecosystem of priority areas
Establishment of biodiversity information management system
Nature reserve establishment and management
Demonstration projects in community development and ecological corridor construction in areas
adjacent to nature reserves
Demonstration projects in establishment and management of trans boundary protected areas of wild
animals
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Demonstration projects in National Parks building and sustainable usage of biological resources
Demonstration projects in restoration for rocky desertification Karst forest ecosystem
Demonstration projects in restoration and rebuilding for deteriorated grassland ecosystem
Demonstration projects in protection and restoration for deteriorated wetlands in plateau and
establishment of the important wetlands monitoring system
Demonstration projects in alpine ecosystem protection in Northwest of Yunnan province
Demonstration projects in tea garden ecological reconstruction and biodiversity recover
Demonstration projects in poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation
Demonstration projects in biodiversity conservation management based on water catchment
Demonstration projects in small population species protection, reintroduction and release
Introduction and domestication of rare and endangered wild medical species and development of
alternatives
Establishment of warning information database for invasive alien species in Yunnan province
Demonstration projects in standardization of eco-tourism
Biodiversity museum construction
Implementation of zoning and planning in each level, study on biodiversity conservation adaptive
strategies and mid or long term planning
Study on ecological compensation mechanism for biodiversity conservation areas
Research and demonstration projects in biodiversity conservation management regulation related to
landuse function adjustment
Mitigation strategy for climate change impact on biodiversity conservation
Communication and education for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan province
Establishment of mechanisms for public participating in biodiversity conservation in Yunnan province
Rare and peculiar bamboo and rattan germplasm resources protection in Yunnan province
Figure 1 – Biodiversity Priority Protection Areas in Yunnan
Figure 2 – Example Map of Key Flora Species Distribution in Yunnan Biodiversity Priority Protection Areas
Figure 3 – Example Map of Key Fauna Species Distribution in Yunnan Biodiversity Priority Protection Areas
VI.
APPENDIX 2 – DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK
Design Summary
Performance Targets and Indicators
with 2012 Baselines
Impact
By 2020:
Improved
management of
natural resources,
particularly
biodiversity, in
Yunnan Province
Five-year action plan incorporated into
sector plans of relevant departments
(e.g., forestry, tourism, water, and
construction)
Baseline: 0, target: 1
Data Sources and
Reporting
Mechanisms
Assumptions and Risks
Assumption
Yunnan Thirteenth
Five-Year Plan,
2016–2020 and
sector plans
(especially
environmental
protection, forestry,
tourism, water, and
agriculture
departments)
YPG committed to
implementing the BSAP
Risk
Key threats to target
species not alleviated
About 5 new management activities
identified in the BSAP implemented in 5
conservation areas, including protected
areas and community-managed areas, by
2018
YEPD annual
yearbook of
Baseline: 0, target: 5 activities, 10 sites environmental
protection (YEPD
website)
None of the highest-priority vertebrates
identified in the TA becoming extinct in
Yunnan Baseline: 0 extinct in 2012,
target: 0 extinct in 2020
Outcome
By 2014:
An established
provincial
framework for
biodiversity
conservation in
Yunnan Province
BSAP approved by BCLO by December
2014
Baseline: 0, target: 1
Annual fiscal budget of the YEPD
allocated to biodiversity conservation
planned for 2015 onwards increased by
about 10%
Baseline: CNY4 million in 2012 (10% of
YEPD budget in 2012), target: 10%
increase
Outputs
By 2014:
1. Analysis and
technical review of
biological
conservation
About 120 species (52 flora, 68 fauna)
and 18 key biodiversity areas listed as
‘priorities’ in the BSAP are reviewed and
ranked by conservation priority based on
YEPD provincial list
of priority species
(2012); and
publications and
reports on the
highest priority
vertebrates
Assumptions
BCLO letters of
Sufficient and timely
support for BSAP to understanding and
YPG
commitment from
relevant departments
Budget drafts at the
protected area,
departmental,
and/or provincial
level
BCLO and YEPD
accorded sufficiently
strong mandate to lead
interdepartmental
coordination
Assumption
YEPD annual
yearbook of
environmental
protection (YEPD
Local stakeholder support
for methodologies
adopted for analyses
Design Summary
priorities listed
within the Yunnan
BSAP completed
Performance Targets and Indicators
with 2012 Baselines
Data Sources and
Reporting
Mechanisms
Assumptions and Risks
available scientific data.
website)
Baseline: 0, target: 120 species, 18 key
biodiversity areas
Consultant report
Threats, gap, and climate analyses
completed for 10 key biodiversity areas
listed in the BSAP. Baseline: 0, target: 10
key biodiversity areas
2. Five-Year Action By 2014:
Plan for the Yunnan
About 3 recommendations incorporating Five-Year Action
BSAP prepared
the results of TA analyses for
Plan for the BSAP
conservation areas and priority species
and projects are adopted in the Five-Year
Action Plan.
Baseline: 0, target: 3 recommendations
Two knowledge products prepared
3. Government
capacity in
conservation
planning
strengthened
Consultant report
Assumption
YPG support for a
stakeholder-driven and
scientific-based process
for preparing the FiveYear Action Plan
Risk
Provincial agencies
unable to achieve
consensus on
Knowledge products recommendations for the
Five-Year Action Plan
By 2014:
Assumption
50 male and female personnel of about 4 Training reports
departments trained in conservation
Pre- and postplanning
training assessment
Baseline:0, target: 50 male and female
YPG official memo
personnel of 4 departments
or order
A mechanism for improved conservation
planning and interdepartmental
participation identified and agreed upon.
Trainees applying their
new skills to conservation
planning
Baseline: 0, target: 1 mechanism
Risk
Trainees transferred
elsewhere, and the new
conservation skills not
retained in relevant
departments
APPENDIX 3 – LOGISTICS AND ADMINISTRATION
Team Structure
1. Under AECOM, the specialists listed in Table 1 have been mobilized as of 24 September 2013.
Table 1 – National and International Specialists Mobilized by AECOM at the Beginning of Project
Position
Conservation planning specialist and team
leader
Biodiversity conservation planning and
vertebrate fauna specialist and deputy team
leader
Biodiversity specialist - vertebrate fauna
Biodiversity specialist – flora
Climate change and biodiversity specialist
Climate change and biodiversity specialist
Social development specialist
Geographic information systems specialist
Conservation finance specialist
National/International
National
Specialist
International
Dr. David Gallacher
National
National
International
National
National
National
National
Dr. Han Lianxian
Dr. Peng Hua
Dr. Robert Zomer
Dr. Zhang Yiping
Ms. Wu Yusong
Dr. Li Zhuoqing
Dr. Ma Jianzhong
Professor Yang Yuming
2. Due to the unexpected withdrawal of the national team leader Professor Yang Yuming, and the illness of
flora expert Dr. Peng Hua, the finalized project team was changed as indicated in Table 2.
Table 2 – Finalized National and International Specialists Mobilized by AECOM
Position
Conservation planning specialist and team
leader
Biodiversity conservation planning and
vertebrate fauna specialist and deputy team
leader
Biodiversity specialist - vertebrate fauna
Biodiversity specialist – flora
Climate change and biodiversity specialist
Climate change and biodiversity specialist
Social development specialist
Geographic information systems specialist
Conservation finance specialist
National/International
National
Specialist
Mr. Wu Xuecan
International
Dr. David Gallacher
National
National
International
National
National
National
National
Dr. Han Lianxian
Dr. Du Fan
Dr. Robert Zomer
Dr. Zhang Yiping
Ms. Wu Yusong
Dr. Li Zhuoqing
Dr. Ma Jianzhong
Team Reporting and Communication
3. To ensure the project remained on track and problems/difficulties encountered by the Team were
resolved quickly, twice-monthly conference calls were established, to which ADB, AECOM, Team Leader
and YEPD were invited.
4. Detail work plan and time schedule were prepared to track and document progress.
5. A project Dropbox folder was established to provide a platform for Team Experts to share and access
relevant reports and data.
Counterpart Support
6. The EA provided office space, access to communications and copiers, and logistical support to the TA
consultants for TA implementation. Mr. Yang Dong, Project Officer of International Co-operation Division
was assigned as chief point of contact for the TA.
Investment and Financing Plan
7. The project is estimated to cost $555,600 as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 – Estimated Cost of Project
Category
Remuneration
Reimbursable Expense
Contingency
Total
USD
CNY
185,000
178,888
27,770
Sub-total(USD)
1003,890
0
0
348,943
178,888
27,770
555,600
8. The reimbursable expense to date is summarized in Table 4.
Table 4 – Reimbursable Expenses
Item
Inception Workshop
th
Expert Panel Meeting 16 May
Mid-term Workshop
Training
Final Workshop
Total workshop cost to date
Equipment
Cost (US$)
3433
1,796
4,268
40116
3745
54008
19,920
Project Budget (US$)
74,600*
30,500**
9. Equipment purchased under the TA is summarized in Table 5. Equipment provided used by the EA as
part of TA activities. In particular, the projector, notebook computer, mini SLR camera, voice recorder
were used extensively in the numerous workshops, training and review sessions undertaken as part of
the TA.
Table 5 – Equipment Purchase
No. Equipment
Item
Unit Product Specification
Product
Model
Unit Price Total
1
1
CANON
IR2530I
$3,970.48 $3,970.48
SONY
HDRPJ790E
$1,512.95 $1,512.95
EPSON
CHTW5200
$2,001.25 $2,001.25
hp G4050
$360.23
Multi-function
Copy
Machine
Type: black and white, Function: copy print scan,
Maximum size: A3, Warm-up Time: Less than 30secs,
Copy Speed: 30cpm (A4), Scan Resolution:600 x
600dpi Copy Resolution:1200 x 600dpi Print
Resolution:1200 x1200dpi, Zoom: 25 - 400%
Product types: high-definition vidicon, flash camera, LCD
screen size: 3 inches, The biggest pixels: 6.65 million,
Effective pixels: 6.14 million (16:9), 4.6 million (4:3),
Optical zoom: 10 times, Stabilization performance: a
smooth optical image stabilization
Projection techniques: DLP, Brightness: 2200 lumens,
Contrast: 15000:1, Standard resolution: 1920x1080,
Screen ratio: 16:9, Projection size: 34-328 inches,
Lamp life: normal mode: 5000 hours, Noise of products:
33 db
Optical resolution: 4800 x4800dpi, scanning speed: 8.5
seconds, color number: 96
2
Vidicom
(Digital
Video)
1
3
Projector
1
4
Scanner
1
5
Desktop
Computer
2
Display size: 23 inches, CPU model: Intel core i7 3770, lenovo
CPU frequency: 3.4 GHz, Memory capacity: 16 gb
A8800K
DDR3, Hard disk capacity: 2 TB, Memory capacity: 2
gb, Graphics card types: independent video card
6
Notebook
computer
4
Screen size: 12.5 inches 1399 x768, CPU type: Intel
core i5 4300 u，CPU frequency: 1.6 GHZ, Memory
capacity: 4 gb DDR3L, Hard disk capacity: 256 gb SSD
solid-state drives
Thinkpad $1,408.88 $5,635.52
X240
(20AL0022
CD)
7
Wireless
3
network card
Format: 4G, Time: one year
4G
$360.23
$2,001.25 $4,002.50
$252.96
$758.87
No. Equipment
Item
Unit Product Specification
Product
Model
8
Mini SLR
Camera
1
SONY
$877.35
NEX7T
E 18-55mm
$877.35
9
Voice
recorder
1
$256.16
10
HDD
4
SONY
$256.16
PCM-M10
(4GB)
Memory capacity: 1.5 TB, Size: 2.5 -inch, Interface type: TOSHIBA $136.09
USB3.0
HDTB120A
K3CA
Mating Digital Video (SONY HDR-PJ790E)
$44.80
$89.60
Memory capacity: 64 GB
$92.80
$185.60
Mating Mini SLR Camera (SONY NEX7TE 18-55mm)
$72.00
$72.00
Memory capacity: 32 GB
$60.80
$121.60
11 Battery of
2
Digital Video
12
Memory Card 2
of Digital
Video
13 Battery of
Mini SLR
Camera
14
1
Memory Card 2
of Mini SLR
Camera
Total
effective pixels: 24.3 million, sensor size: APS format
(23.5 * 15.6 mm), high-definition camera: full hd (1080),
stabilization performance: the optical image stabilization,
focal length lens parameters: 16-50 - mm, maximum
aperture: F3.5 - F5.6
Storage: 4 gb, Expansion card: support MicroSD card,
MS Recording function: recording level 24 bit / 96 KHZ
Unit Price Total
$544.34
$20388.44
APPENDIX 4 – MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS
Inception Workshop
1. The Inception Workshop and ancillary meetings were held in YEPD Offices 19-21 November 2013. The
aim of the workshop was to: (i) introduce the project and project team to key stakeholders; (ii) identify the
specific outputs, knowledge product, detailed work plan, schedule, dates of draft and final reports and
knowledge product; (iii) clarify roles and responsibilities, counterpart support, logistical arrangements.
Details of the items discussed and agreed at the workshop, the meeting minutes and a list of participants
are provided in as below.
DATE:
VENUE:
SUBJECT:
ATTENDEES:
19 November 2013
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 7
Inception Workshop
Organization
Government departments
Yunnan Environmental Protection Department
(International Cooperation Division/Project Office for
Foreign Funding).
Name
Designation
Zhou Bo
Yang Dong
Zheng Zhou
Gao Zhengwen
Hu Jian
Xia Feng
Gao Yuan
Zong Jiafei
Li Peng
Chen Jie
Long Qihua
Jiang Zhutan
Wang Zhaorong
Division Director
Project Officer
Project Officer
Deputy Director General
Principal Staff Member
Division Director
Project Officer
Deputy Division Director
Peng Hua
Jiang Xuelong
Yang Xiaojun
Researcher
Researcher
Researcher
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Kunming
Chinese Academy of Sciences- Xishuangbanna
Botanical Garden
Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science
Dai Kaijie
Song Qinghai
Division Director
Assistant Researcher
Li Zhuoqing
Southwest Forestry University
Yunnan University
Civil society organizations
WWF-China Program
Oxfam-Hong Kong
Yunnan Environment Development Institute (YEDI)
CBIK
Shanshui Nature Conservation Center
FFI-China Program
Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Foundation
Greater Mekong Sub-region Core Environment
Program
The Yunnan Daily
Tian Kun
Ou Xiaokun
Director of Ecological and Environmental
Protection Research Center
Professor
Professor
Wu Yusong
Chen Xuechong
Aidel Bade
Ren Jian
Shi Xiangying
Meng Bingbo
Yang Shuo
Jerry Chen
Director of Kunming Office
Project Officer
Consultant
Project Officer
Project Coordinator
The Primate Program Manager
Project Officer
Conservation Specialist
Tian Jinchun
Shi Yunshan
Jiang Chaohui
Journalist
Journalist
Journalist
Mark R. Bezuijen
Yue-Lang Feng
Environment Specialist
Director, Environment, Natural Resources,
and Agriculture Division
David Gallacher
Deputy TL/Conservation planning
Yunnan Finance Department
Yunnan Government Research Studio
Yunnan Science and Technology Department
Yunnan Housing and Construction Department
Yunnan Agriculture Department
Yunnan Forestry Department
Yunnan Water Resources Department
Academic institutions
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology
China Environment News
Asian Development Bank
East Asia Department
East Asia Department
TA consulting team
AECOM
Deputy Director of Garden City Office
Division Director
Principal Staff Member
Deputy Staff Member
Organization
Name
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
Ellen He
Ma Jianzhong
Zhang Yiping
Han Lianxian
Peng Hua
Robert Zomer
Wu Yusong
Li Zhuoqing
Designation
specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist
Project Assistant
Conservation Finance Expert
National Climate Change Expert
Fauna Expert
Flora Expert
International Climate Change Expert
Social Development Expert
GIS Expert
Discussion and Comments
Agency
Ecological Compensation
Deputy Division Director Zong Jiafei from
Yunnan Government Research Studio
Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from
Yunnan Forestry Department
Funding and Sustainability Development
Deputy Division Director Zong Jiafei from
Yunnan Government Research Studio
Project Officer Gao Yuan from Yunnan
Finance Department
Principal Staff Member Hu Jian from YEPD
Deputy Director General Gao Zhengwen from
YEPD
Project Coordinator of Shi Xiangying from
Shanshui Nature Conservation Center
Invasive Species
Division Director Long Qihua from Yunnan
Agriculture Department
Community Issues
Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from
Yunnan Forestry Department
Project Officer Cheng Xuechong from OxfamHong Kong
Professor Jiang Xuelong from Chinese
Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology
Project Officer Ren Jian from CBIK
Project Coordinator of Shi Xiangying from
Shanshui Nature Conservation Center
Species level Conservation
Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from
Yunnan Forestry Department
Professor Tian Kun from Southwest Forestry
University
Professor Jiang Xuelong from Chinese
Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology
The Primate Program Manager Meng Bingbo
from FFI-China Program
Director of Kunming Office Wu Yusong from
WWF-China Program
Mark R. Bezuijen
Habitat Level Conservation
Conservation Specialist Jerry Chen from
Greater Mekong Sub-region Core
Environment Program (GMS)
Item/Issues
Response
• The ecological compensation should be considered Done Accordingly
more in 5-year action plan
• Biodiversity protection should be closely integrated Finance expert will
with urbanization and economic development
work on this
• Funding is not only from government but also
issues
society.
• Companies should be involved in species resources
development.
• 50,000,000rmb from government and
30,000,000rmb from society are provided for
biodiversity protection for Yunnan province.
• TA should not focus on areas with existing research
and funding.
• For invasive species more technology R&D is
required.
Will add into the
report
• Sustainable development of communities is critical
for biodiversity protection.
• Environmental education and intervention for
activities with impact on environment are
• Encouraging community involvement necessary.
Social expert will
work on these
issues.
• Much more attention should be paid on the
Will focus on it in
endangered species in priority areas.
sub areas
• Fish habitats and rare fish species should be given
more attention
• Umbrella species and restricted population species
are priority for protection.
• Protect the flagship species such as crested gibbon
(Hylobates concolor).
• Projects can focus on single species or sites or
habitats which cover a group of species
• Areas between nature reserves are also very
important for biodiversity conservation. However,
these areas are often affected by human activities.
• During the planning of national parks, the mining
Done Accordingly
Agency
Deputy Director of Garden City Office Chen
Jie from Yunnan Housing and Construction
Department
Related Planning
Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from
Yunnan Forestry Department
The Primate Program Manager Meng Bingbo
from FFI-China Program
Conservation Specialist Jerry Chen from
Greater Mekong Sub-region Core
Environment Program (GMS)
Mark R. Bezuijen
Professor Jiang Xuelong from Chinese
Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology
Water
Deputy Staff Member Wang Zhaorong from
Yunnan Water Resources Department
Action Plan Report
Division Director Zhou Bo from YEPD
Principal Staff Member Hu Jian from YEPD
Division Director Xia Feng from YEPD
Knowledge Product
Division Director Xia Feng from YEPD
Director of Kunming Office Wu Yusong from
WWF-China Program
Item/Issues
Response
area map layer was added to the protected areas
layer in order to find the highest priority areas.
• Provide guidelines for urban ecological planning and
implementation.
• Existing planning/regulations developed by Forestry Done Accordingly
Dept. related to this TA include: Planning for
Biodiversity Protection; Planning for Wetlands; Small
Population Rescue Planning. Forestry Dept. will
provide these documents to YEPD for reference.
• FFI has been cooperating with IUCN for many
years: Yunnan protected species with ranking list can
be provided to the TA team.
• Integrated with GMS programs.
• Analyze the relationship between ecological zoning
and the BSAP.
• Bring international experience to address poaching
and over-collection of natural resources.
• Water resources protection (especially water quality Noted
protection) should form the basis of biodiversity
protection efforts.
• Select of priority species and projects based on the Done Accordingly
approved BSAP.
• Follow the contents of NBSAP and the guidance
from central government.
• Prioritize key species identified in the approved
BSAP.
• Strategies should be set for both ecosystem/habitat
and species level.
• Provide a sequence for priority actions from the
approved BSAP.
• The linkages between climate change, biodiversity
conservation and social development should be
analyzed further
• Some brochures for public education and promotion
are necessary for BSAP.
The linkage
between climate
change and social
development will
not be the key
analysis in TA.
Agriculture
The Primate Program Manager Meng Bingbo • There is little research for agriculture diversity which Agriculture is not
from FFI-China Program
may be covered by this TA.
included in TA’s
work scope
Mark R. Bezuijen
• Agricultural diversity may be not covered in this TA. Noted
Training
Project Officer Ren Jian from CBIK
• Training should also be provided to local
Done Accordingly
Director of Kunming Office Wu Yusong from communities, and private sector not only government
and organizations.
WWF-China Program
DATE:
20 November 2013
VENUE:
SUBJECT:
ATTENDEES:
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 7
Inception Workshop
Organization
Government departments
Yunnan Environmental Protection Department (International
Cooperation Division/Project Office for Foreign Funding)
Civil society organizations
Greater Mekong Sub-region Core Environment Program
Yunnan Environment Development Institute (YEDI)
Asian Development Bank
East Asia Department
TA consulting team
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
AECOM
Name
Designation
Zhou Bo
Yang Dong
Zheng Zhou
Xia Feng
Division Director
Project Officer
Project Officer
Division Director
Jerry Chen
Aidel Bade
Conservation Specialist
Consultant
Mark R. Bezuijen
Environment Specialist
David Gallacher
Deputy TL/Conservation planning
specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist
Project Assistant
Conservation Finance Expert
National Climate Change Expert
Fauna Expert
Flora Expert
International Climate Change Expert
Social Development Expert
GIS Expert
Ellen He
Ma Jianzhong
Zhang Yiping
Han Lianxian
Peng Hua
Robert Zomer
Wu Yusong
Li Zhuoqing
Discussion and Comments
Agency
Item/Issue
Output 1 – Selection process for priority areas for inclusion in 5-year Plan.
David Gallacher
• The 18 sub-areas would be prioritized using a weighted scoring
method based on various environmental, social, financial and
administrative characteristics.
Output 2 – Content and Format of Action Plans for Priority Projects under 5-year Plan
Division Director Zhou
• Set up sequence for priority projects to see which will be
Bo from YEPD
carried out in 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years.
David Gallacher
Division Director Xia
Feng from YEPD
• Project Information sheet
• Priority species should include but not be limited to the list in
the approved BSAP.
• Two highlights in this TA: 1) biodiversity and poverty reduction
and 2) traditional cultures of national minorities and biodiversity
conservation.
• Maps, brochures, brief documents are necessary.
Mark R. Bezuijen
• Priority projects should focus on areas rather than species.
• There is a lot of existing research (such as the protection
boundary in Northwest of Yunnan) which can be used in the TA.
• Criteria for selection of priority areas should be divided into two
types: environmental criteria; and socio-economic criteria.
• Considering the migrant birds, it is important that priority areas
consider temporal changes in species occurrence and
abundance.
• Conservation initiatives review should focus on priority areas
instead of whole province.
• Fauna should cover the fish species.
• All reports should be user-friendly and meet with YEPD
requirements.
Output 2 – Knowledge Product
Division Director Zhou
• Linkage between social development, climate change and
Bo from YEPD
biodiversity are interesting, but are not compulsory task for
experts. Newsletters, brochures and web-based material are all
Response
Noted
Done Accordingly
Agency
Item/Issue
good for promotion.
Mark R. Bezuijen
• The format and table of contents of knowledge product should
be updated and submitted to YEPD and ADB for confirmation.
• Knowledge product will still focus on climate change. It will be
delivered to stakeholders and executing organizations.
• The introduction and background of climate changed need not
be repeated since the original BSAP already covered it.
Output 3 – Training and Capacity Building
David Gallacher
• Training needs would be assessed in more detail after the
content and requirements of the priority projects under the 5year plan were identified and developed.
Division Director Zhou
• Not all the projects need training.
Bo from YEPD
• Three major types of training are required: 1) joining the review
workshop; 2) product introduction for technology agency which
will undertake the 5 year plan of each government departments;
3) Public engagement and activities with media.
Project Workplan
Division Director Zhou
• The workplan should be updated after the meeting and
Bo from YEPD
submitted to YEPD.
• TOC for deliverables should be submitted to YEPD for review.
• Four items need to be prepared ASAP: 1) detailed
methodology of each expert; 2) framework of 5 year plan; 3)
TOC of technical report; 4) Input outline from each expert.
Mark R. Bezuijen
• Timeline for Output1 should be shortened.
Response
Done Accordingly
Done Accordingly
Mid-term Workshop
2. The Mid-term Workshop and ancillary meetings were held in YEPD Offices 17-19 June 2014. The
aim of the workshop was to: (i) introduce the project progress to key stakeholders; (ii) present the
output 1 (analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP),
output 2 (draft 5-year action plan), knowledge product (draft climate change report and brochure),
output 3 (draft training plan); (iii) Collect comments and suggestions from stakeholders and clarify the
further work plan. Details of the items discussed and agreed at the workshop, the meeting minutes
and a list of participants are provided as below.
DATE:
VENUE:
SUBJECT:
ATTENDEES:
17 June 2013
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 7
Mid-term Workshop
Organization
Government departments
Yunnan Environmental Protection Department
(International Cooperation Division/Project Office for
Foreign Funding)
Yunnan Tourism Development Committee
Yunnan Land Resource Department
Yunnan Poverty Relief Office
Yunnan Finance Department
Yunnan Science and Technology Department
Yunnan Housing and Construction Department
Yunnan Forestry Department
Yunnan Water Resources Department
Academic institutions
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology
Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity
Name
Designation
Zhou Bo
Yang Dong
Division Director
Project Officer
Xu Jie
Cai Baoxing
Hu Lan
Yang Manxia
Gao Yangyi
Na Lu
Jiang Zhutan Principal Staff Member
Zhe
Qiangchun
Guan Jiakang
Gong Xun
Jiang
Xuelong
Xiang
Researcher
Researcher
Organization
Name
Designation
Jianying
Yunnan Academy of Forestry
Yang Yuming Director
Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Foundation
Yang Shuo
Yunnan Environmental Protection Cooperation Center Zhao Zheng
Li Jiangping
Southwest Forestry University
Yunnan University
Civil society organizations
The Nature Conservancy-China Program
TA consulting team
AECOM
Tian Kun
Ou Xiaokun
Professor
Professor
Li Chun
David
Gallacher
Ellen He
Ma
Jianzhong
Du Fan
Robert Zomer
Wu Yusong
Li Zhuoqing
Deputy Team Leader/Conservation planning
specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist
Project Manager
Conservation Finance Expert
Flora Expert
International Climate Change Expert
Social Development Expert
GIS Expert
Asian Development Bank
Mark R.
Bezuijen
Jerry Chen
DATE:
VENUE:
SUBJECT:
ATTENDEES:
Asian Development Bank
Project officer of GMS
18 June 2013
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 3
Team Meeting
Organization
Government departments
Yunnan Environmental Protection Department
(International Cooperation Division/Project Office for
Foreign Funding)
Civil society organizations
Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Foundation
Yunnan Environmental Protection Cooperation Center
TA consulting team
AECOM
Environment specialist/TA project officer, EAER
Name
Designation
Yang Dong
Hu Jian
Project Officer
Project Officer from Nature Resource Division
Yang Shuo
Zhao Zheng
Li Jiangping
David
Gallacher
Ellen He
Ma
Jianzhong
Du Fan
Robert Zomer
Wu Yusong
Li Zhuoqing
Han Lianxian
Mark R.
Bezuijen
Jerry Chen
Deputy Team Leader/Conservation planning
specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist
Project Manager
Conservation Finance Expert
Flora Expert
International Climate Change Expert
Social Development Expert
GIS Expert
Fauna Expert
Environment specialist/TA project officer, EAER
Project officer of GMS
Discussion and Comments
Agency
Funding and support
Yang Yuming, Yunnan
Academy of Forestry
Finance Department
Jiang Xuelong (KIZ)
Items/Issues
Responses
Funding source and support requirements should be clarified.
To be improved in the
final five-year plan
Existing labor cannot meet requirements of such a lot surveys. The
detail instruction of implementation agencies is needed.
Forestry Department
The existing funding channel of Forestry Department: nature
reserve capacity building, major for survey and planning, 5
million/year from provincial finance budget; nature reserve survey
and planning, 1.5 million/year; protection and restoration funding
from Forestry Department budget; minimum population of wild
plants protection, funding from national budget; the second flora
and fauna resource investigation, funding from provincial and
national budget; wetland protection projects (3-4 projects/year),
funding from national development and reform department.
Hydrology Department
There are budget for water source protection. But the mechanism
for eco-compensation is still not comprehensive.
Species Level Conservation
Yang Yuming, Yunnan
Pantheratigris corbetti, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Gaoligong
Adopted
Academy of Forestry
shania and other orchid need more concerns. Threats for
Magnoliaceae in Wenshan prefecture are very seriously.
Southwest of Yunnan is the core distribution area of
Dipterocarpaceae which require more detail analysis of flora
protection.
Jiang Xuelong (KIZ)
According to the report, Nomascus leucogenys distributes only in
XishuangBanna. Actually they can be found in Jiangcheng,
Wuliang Mountain, etc.
Action 8 (Musk Deer Monitoring and Anti-poaching Operations)
should cover Shangri-la area as well.
The species’ Latin name need double checked.
OuXiaokun (Yunnan
Need include Yunnan provincial protection species.
University)
Page 28, is Acer yangbiense a flagship species? Need double
check.
Xiang Jianying (Yunnan
Anisodusa cutangulus is widely cultivated; Christensenia assamica
Biodiversity Research
is endangered. These status information should be updated in
Institute)
report.
Scientific and Technology Consider more about representation and economical of species.
Department
Projects
Yang Yuming, Yunnan
•
13 strategic tasks and 41 projects need filtrating by urgency, To be improved in the
Academy of Forestry
final five-year plan
importance, etc.
•
Add 1 project for policy research, such as how to introduce
Li Chun (TNC)
social findings (NGO, Companies)
Tian Kun (Southwest
•
More projects address ecosystem issues are needed.
Forestry University,
The monitoring and evaluation of 5-year action plan should
National Plateau Wetland •
set as a project.
Center)
•
It’s not a proper project about improve biodiversity protection
Jiang Xuelong (KIZ)
awareness of ethnics.
Xiang Jianying (Yunnan
•
2 projects are set for alpine pasture which should be
Biodiversity Research
integrated into 1 project.
Institute)
Consider adding action(s) on soil erosion and rocky
Scientific and Technology •
desertification area treatment in Karst landscape in southDepartment
east Yunnan.
Poverty Alleviation
•
Action 16 (Assess the Impacts of Large Scale Monoculture
Department
Plantations on Biodiversity), there are already some
demonstration projects in Yunnan. This project should focus
on how to promote these kinds of actions.
•
Projects should integrated with major programs in Yunnan
such as hydro power, road, urbanization, etc)
Agency
Forestry Department
Items/Issues
Responses
•
The project target should be more detail, such as recovery of
specie number, restore of community.
•
Integrate the biodiversity protection and poverty alleviation.
•
29 projects from the 41 projects are led by Forestry
Adopted
Department which need be reconsideration. Detail plan for
work division should be further developed based on detail
task plan of YBSAP.
•
The 5-year action plan should be a project application
guideline. Then we don’t need prepare application guideline
every year.
Ecological Compensation
Yang Yuming, Yunnan
Ecological compensation can be replaced by biodiversity
Academy of Forestry
compensation. Protect fish species in Nujiang is urgent since it will
be developed soon. Biodiversity compensation can be applied in
this area.
Related Planning
Li Chun (TNC)
Forestry Department
Hydrology Department
Xiang Jianying (Yunnan
Biodiversity Research
Institute)
Report Structure
Li Chun (TNC)
Jiang Xuelong (KIZ)
Xiang Jianying (Yunnan
Biodiversity Research
Institute)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Capacity Planning
Li Chun (TNC)
•
•
Knowledge Product
OuXiaokun (Yunnan
University)
Xiang Jianying (Yunnan
Biodiversity Research
Institute)
Zhoubo (YEPD)
Li Chun (TNC)
Wu Yusong (WWF)
Mark (ADB)
Jerry (GMS)
The implementation of
the relative policies is
hard due to the
complexity of the
payment for
ecosystem
The impact on the fish
resources are covered
and solved in the EIA
of projects
Add the review of Northwest Yunnan Biodiversity Action Plan. Adopted
The relationship between 5-year action plan and economic
development need more concerned.
Hydrology Department is working on water and soil
protection, water ecological culture construction projects, etc.
The ecological monitoring of reservoir and forewarning
projects can be combined into hydrology department’s work.
The ideal framework of BSAP has 6 parts: exiting condition
To be updated in final
assessment (what actions have been taken, what didn’t);
five-year action plan
gaps and urgency; project design; result can be achieved
with this projects and without this projects; policy support;
integration of biodiversity and economy.
Add methodology and technical roadmap; and also the
international experience used in our project.
The fourth principle of 5-year action plan has some problems
The maps should be bigger in report..
The table head should be consistency in appendix.
Use media and school to improve public awareness of
biodiversity protection.
Identify the ecological control red line of Yunnan.
Noted, but ecological
control line is not part
of TA’s work
The simulation for climate change is 70 years which doesn’t make It allows us to prepare
much sense for 5-year plan.
the mitigation
strategies in advance.
•
Consider adding action(s) on climate change impact
Reflected in the
monitoring.
current scope of
•
Identify narrow distribution species and ecosystem types
proposed monitoring.
based on climate change analysis and most sensitivity
climate change area; provide strategies for nature protection
network and ecological corridor
•
Redesign the boundary for protection areas and projects for
specific species based on climate change analysis.
•
Photos comparison before and after climate change (tree line
100 years ago) in the brochure to prove the fact of climate
change. TNC can provide some copyright photos for public
purpose.
•
Clarify the impact of climate change and biodiversity for daily
life in the brochure.
Agency
Items/Issues
Habitat Level Conservation
OuXiaokun (Yunnan
•
The central and northeast of Yunnan are not included in the
University)
report which needs some short description otherwise key
species will be missing.
•
What’s the scientific base for regional categorizing in social
analysis? Categories like high and cold alpine, wetland above
2400m make no sense in ecology.
Xiang Jianying (Yunnan Consider ecosystem protection combined with natural forest
Biodiversity Research
survey of Forestry Planning Institute.
Institute)
Scientific and Technology 2 tropic rainforest areas in sub-priority areas but none of hot and
Department
dry area which need be reconsideration.
Output 1- priority areas ranking
Land Resource
Consider mining activities in priority areas ranking.
Department
Responses
To be updated in final
five-year action plan
Noted
All the sub-priority
areas are based on
ranking.
Already done
DATE: 6 NOVEMBER 2014
VENUE: YEPD
SUBJECT: FINAL WORKSHOP
ATTENDEES: government departments, academic agency, NGO, TA team, YEPD, ADB
Expert
Xia Feng
(Nature
Resource
Division of
YEPD)
Forestry
Department
Item/Issue
1. Nature reserve effects assessment is needed. Forestry Department
has a lot of information for that. Monitoring the management system for
nature reserve (based on remote sensing technique) should be set up.
Potential problems in provincial nature reserve, capacity building,
funding shortage should be considered.
2. Screen the species need urgent protection. Experts may have different
opinions with government officers. How to rescue, protect, restore and
utilize the species under limited funds? Endangered species outside
the nature reserve should be taken into the action plan. Some
programs already under going can be put in 5-year action plan too.
3. New nature reserve may be built in Xiao Hei Mountain, Biluo Snow
Mountain due to the positive application from local government
4. Location and protection target of small nature reserve should be
confirmed.
5. Invasive species survey and pre-caution system should be established
in the action plan.
6. Species identify for development is conducted by Southwest Forestry
University now.
7. Exploring the traditional culture and knowledge from ethnic should be
considered.
8. Yunnan can be a demonstration site for sharing system of The Nagoya
Protocol
9. Once the ADB project finalized government will conduct following
procedures to issue the final document. The report is fine for ADB
project now.
10. Divide the work based on YBASP task delegation agreed by
government.
Action by
1.
1、2、Noted
2.
Management regulation and reforming plan was done by Forestry
Department and submitted to provincial government. National
investment for nature reserve is stable. 150 million from central
government is used for infrastructure construction of nature reserve
every year. 28 million from central government for nature reserve
capacity building in 2014. 150 million can be applied for capacity
building for 5 years. Provincial government has funding for this too.
Forestry department has already finalized the Yunnan wetland survey
and protection regulation. More investment is needed for infrastructure
1、Improved by Wu
Xuecan
2、Summary the
undergoing species
actions, updated the
species ranking form and
action plan based on
comments from final
workshop (Professors
Du and Han)
3、Necessity of new
nature reserve
establishment
(Professors Du and
Han, Mr. Wu Xuecan)
4、Improve the small
nature reserve definition,
building procedure,
regulations (Professor
Du)
5、Already done
6、Noted
7、8 Please see
feedback as below
9、10 Noted
3、The action name will
change to National Park
Biodiversity Partnership
Mechanism
Establishment and
Demonstration
Expert
Finance
Department
Land
resource
Department
Agricultural
Department
Item/Issue
construction for wetland protection in the future. Try to get central
government investment and also projects in provincial level.
3. Action 10. There are 8 national parks in Yunnan. Only Meili Snow
Mountain is set as project which is not properly.
4. Action 6. It’s not very urgent in fact. Only after the cross boundary
protection mechanism being built the survey can be conducted.
5. Action 9. No request from local government right now. Need more
analysis on new nature reserve establishment. Leading agency should
be government instead of forestry department.
6. Action 13. Various department planning and actions should be
integrated for species selection. It can not only rely on expert’s opinion.
Forestry department already carried out the second wildlife and flora
survey and small population species, endangered species
conservation.
7. Action 14. Leading agency should be Diqing prefecture government
due to the religion, culture, poverty alleviation. Forestry department
can do little for this.
8. Action 15. Northwest Yunnan lakes need a clear definition. Migrant
birds synchronous survey is not applicable due to lack of human
resource and technology.
9. Forestry department can lead the planning of ecological corridor
construction rather than the construction itself.
In order to integrate with department budget plan funding plan should be
prepared by year
Action 11. Cave scale in Puzhehei is small. Cave in Mile and Jiuxiang is
bigger. Suggest to select larger site with little disturbance for conservation
Action by
1.
1、Integrate into budget
2.
3.
4.
5.
Action 18. Agricultural Department can lead but how to address the
funding problem?
Action 20. Leading agency should be prefecture government.
Agricultural department cannot change the land for robber plantation.
Action 23. Besides Northwest of Yunnan Honghe prefecture is
impacted too.
Wildlife protection funding is not stable and sustainable.
Many projects have different budget number in main report and
instruction report appendix.
4、Please see feedback
as below
5、Heihe Laopo will be
included in small nature
reserve
6、Please see feedback
to Mr. Xia
7、Will adopt
8、Review the original
actions. (Professor Han)
9、Noted
Will be updated by Mr.
Ma
Will be taken into
consideration
2、Lead by Agricultural
and Environmental
Protection also
3、Please see feedback
below
4、Noted
5、Double-check
Kunming
Branch
Chinese
Academy of
Sciences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Water
Resource
Department
Housing
and
Constructio
n
Department
Science
and
Technology
Department
Yunnan
Tourism
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
Species ranking form looks very professional. 26 actions reflect the
most urgent problem in Yunnan.
Ranking for fish is needed too.
Besides Isoëtes hypsophila and Nympheae tetragona, Ptychobarbus
chungtienensis from Northwest Yunnan needs protection too.
Very disappoint with Tilapia cultivation in reservoir by Agricultural
department. Only native fish should be cultivated in reservoir.
Action 11. Disagree with land resource department’s comment. Cave
in Wenshan prefecture is very important. Other sites just mentioned
have survey already. Only monitoring program is needed.
Large work have been done for this project
BCLO should be established as soon as possible. 2016 is too late for
it.
Water resource department will actively cooperate for the actions.
Will actively cooperate for the actions
Scenic area is a kind of protection too. Even there is no nature reserve
in Meili Snow Mountain but there are scenic areas.
1、Noted
2、Will be updated by
Professor Han
3、Noted
4、Will be updated (Mr.
Wu Xuecan)
5、Noted
Noted with thanks.
Noted with thanks
Action 24. Funding cannot be afforded. Science and technology
department is unable to conduct the monitoring.
Development and Reform
Department will be
added.
Action 21. Integrate with the national park program. 10 million per year is
given to tourism development committee for national park construction.
Noted with thanks
Expert
Developme
nt
Committee
Yunnan
Poverty
Relief
Office
Jiang
Xuelong
(Chinese
Academy of
Sciences
Institute of
Zoology)
Item/Issue
Action by
1.
2.
The report is comprehensive and well-targeted.
Action 19. Whether the specific policy can be worked out for this to get
government support?
Will be modified by Ms.
Wu Yusong
1.
2.
This version is clearer and compared to last version.
Action 4. Whether the remote sensing can monitor all the human
activity considering there are a lot of different activities. Is the action
name too big for the content?
Action 5. Nature geography unit should be considered too not only the
county level. For example, the survey for Biluo Snow Mountain is
totally blank.
Action 6. Cross border areas should be confirmed in the action.
Action 7. Besides the landscape and habitat, species should be
considered too for small nature reserve construction, especially for
important species outside the nature reserve.
Action 13 and 14. Academic agency should be involved too.
Action 16. Zoo is another kind of ex-situ conservation
Action 17. Only flora species are included. Action name should be
changed.
Action 11 and 12. The name is ecosystem but actual content is
species conservation. Ecosystem protection is weak,
Action 23. Vague. Eryuan and Dali are impacted by this snail too. 4
years for this project is too long. If controlling during the oviposition
period, the problem will be solved within 1-2 years.
Academic agency should be added in participant departments.
No matter how many review meetings are held there are still
comments. But project needs an end point.
Description for 18 priority areas should be added to form a more
comprehensive report.
Action 7. Semi humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and Mesua ferrea
Linn should be protected by small nature reserve.
Lack ecosystem protection. Table 4. Distribution of key ecosystem
should be updated.
Some national protection plants are normal in Yunnan while some
endangered species in Yunnan are not included as national protection
list. Is that possible to use some international ranking standard for
species selection, build the dynamic species database, update the
distribution on time? Then the protection target can be confirmed.
Add the “Access and Benefit Sharing” system into the action plan.
Make Yunnan as an demonstration site for this.
Strength the ecosystem on site conservation and community
conservation
1-6 Noted
7、8 Will be updated
Add the nature reserve effects assessment
Strength the threat and challenge analysis
Add law and regulation into safeguard strategy
Many new species will be discovered in cave fish which is worth more
research and protection
Set up small nature reserve for key sections on bird migrant route.
Action 13. Are there too many species for first 5 years? Other
recommended species include, XXX?
Promote the value of protection
Invasive species should include Mikania micrantha
Cross border protection mechanism is not set up but survey can be
conducted anyway.
1、Will be updated
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tian Kun
(Southwest
Forestry
University)
Ou Xiaokun
(Yunnan
University)
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pei Shengji
(Chinese
Academy of
Sciences
Institute of
Botany)
1.
Yang
Yuming
(Yunnan
Academy of
Forestry)
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Action 23 will be updated
by Professor Han
3、4 Will be updated by
Professor Du
5、Will consider it
1、ABS will be added as
an action (Mr. Wu
Xuecan)
2、Community
conservation will be
emphasized in small
nature reserve action
2、Will be updated
3、Will be added
4、Noted
5、The ranking process
and main task have
mentioned about migrant
birds route.
6、Please see feedback
to Xia Feng
Expert
Item/Issue
Action by
7、8、9， Will be
considered
Jerry Chen
(GMS CEP
Expert)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gong Xun
(Chinese
Academy of
Sciences
Institute of
Botany)
Li Chun
(TNC)
Hu Jian
(Nature
Resource
Division of
Yunnan
Environme
ntal
Protection
Department
)
Forestry
Department
Wu Yusong
Han
Lianxian
Jerry
Action 2. Attract some company to involve. There is some successful
experience in Vietnam.
Action 6. There is some successful cases in Laos and Xishuang
Banna. Cooperation mechanism should be built first then survey can
be done.
Is there any investment plan for 150 million and 30 million from
company and NGO? How to attract them to invest?
Chapter 4.5, ADB cross border conservation program can be added as
part of strength international collaboration
1.
Where does the population data in species analysis form come from?
Is that credible?
2. Threat should be habitat shrink, and living site change instead of live
site shrink.
3. Some names are mistake
4. Species form needs double check and update.
1. More professional than last version
2. Asian elephant and apple snail program which one is priority?
3. Green peafowl need rescuing conservation
4. Biodiversity gap analysis based on county level should be added
5. Great talent shortage in national nature reserve should be address by
adding funding.
1. TA has addressed many comments from YEPD right now.
2. There are 34 actions in YBSAP. 17 actions are related to 5 year action
plan, how about the rest 17 projects?
3. Management and construction of nature reserve should be added in
actions.
4. Genetic resource protection and sharing (ABS) should be added in
actions.
5. Projects under going can be included into 5-year action plan too. Then
the funding source will be solved. Even the agricultural department
said there was no money; they already conduct the rare fish breeding
program. The regular work from different department should be
considered too. Natural sacred site and cross border protection
projects are already conducted and should be combined with 5-year
action plan.
6. Choose a group for project instead of single item to avoid question like
why only Meili Snow Mountain is mentioned no others are included.
7. Work division should follow the task delegation of YBSAP.
8. Department name should be unified.
9. Add summary for contribution of 5-year action plan to YBSAP and
what kind of YBSAP objectives are met by 5-year action plan.
Brochure
Less printing, more electronic version
1、Enterprise
compensation method
will be explored
2、Demonstration for
cross border
conservation
3、Will be added
4、Noted
Will be double checked
and updated by
Professor Du
Green peafowl will be
added as an action
Similar comments with
Xia Feng. Will be
updated accordingly.
Will do both
Mobile phone version to encourage interactive.
Add calendar
Will considered
Will added
Upload English version to GMS website
Will upload once confirm
APPENDIX 5 – CONSULTATIONS
DATE:
24 September 2013
VENUE:
Tele-conference
SUBJECT:
Project Kick-off Meeting
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Zhou Bo, Yang Dong
ADB
Mark R. Bezuijen, Carey
Yeager
AECOM/ Consultant Team
David Gallacher, Wu Yusong, Ma Jianzhong, Han
Lianxian, Yang Wenzhong
Discussion and Comments
#
Item/Issue
Action
by
1.0
Project Overview
• Output 1 will further identify needs and specific outputs based on the review of the existing BSAP
and discussion
• Output 2 should focus on 5-year plan for the BSAP, rather than producing second version of the
existing BSAP
• The focus is on 5-year work plan for the BSAP, rather than reviewing and updating existing work.
• Strengthening government capacity through training workshops will be an important aspect of Project
Output 3.
Training Requirements
A combination of workshops and on-the-job training would be required to achieve training objectives.
Inception Report + Work Items Prior to Inception Workshop
• Typical content of Inception Report for TA Projects: Confirm and expand on project objectives;
Confirm work programme, time-lines, implementation arrangements and deliverables.
• The Inception Workshop will be from 18-21 November 2013
• The Team Leader and Deputy Team Leader will meet with YEPD before the Inception Workshop to
review the three Project Outputs.
• The time before inception workshop will be used to prepare draft inception report;
• Further preparatory works including the desktop review of the BSAP need to be completed together
with YEPD before Inception workshop, which will include the identification of needs and specific
outputs and the approach of the capacity building, identifying information gaps. And compilation of
data request list and sourcing required data
Contact Details
4.1 Point of contact at YEPD (if Mr. Zhou Bo is away) is Mr. Yang Dong including October, when Mr.
Zhou Bo will often be away from the office.
4.2 Professor Yang Yuming (Team Leader) noted we can contact his assistant, Yang Wenzhong, if
he is unavailable.
4.3 AECOM will develop a contacts list and circulate to the Project Team
Data Requirements and Management
5.1 YEPD will circulate the final approved BSAP to the project team;
5.2 AECOM will work with Project team to organize data request list;
5.3 AECOM will set up drop-box account for the project to facilitate document and information
exchange.
Regular Meeting Request
6.1 A fortnightly meeting will be held between representatives of YEPD, ADB and Consultant Team
Leaders to maintain good communication between various parties and ensure early resolution of
potential difficulties.
6.2 AECOM will send out meeting request with call schedule.
Knowledge Project
7.1 The Knowledge Product should be educational, concise, of practical value for biodiversity
conservation in Yunnan, and focus on a subject important for conservation in Yunnan.
7.2 A potential topic for study is the impact of climate change on the effectiveness of the existing
protected area system. The study could also focus on some selected species of particular international
importance (e.g., Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey).
7.3 ADB noted that such a study is possible with existing available data and free modeling software.
Any Other Business
8.1 YEPD confirmed they can provide office space for visiting experts.
All
Date
Req’d/
Follow-Up
Note
All
Note
All
Note
ALL
Note
ALL
Note
AECOM
04/10/13
YEPD
AECOM
AECOM
04/10/13
11/10/13
11/10/13
All
Note
AECOM
All
27/09/13
Note
All
Note
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
#
Item/Issue
Action
by
Date
Req’d/
Follow-Up
8.2 ADB noted that as the Project is partially funded by the Water Financing Partnership Facility,
freshwater species and habitats should be considered alongside terrestrial ecosystems.
DATE:
30 September 2013
VENUE:
YEPD Office 308
SUBJECT:
Work Scope Discussion Meeting
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Zhou Bo, Yang Dong
AECOM/Consultant Team
Yang Yuming, David Gallacher, He Wen(Ellen He)
Discussion and Comments
#
Item/Issue
Action
by
1.0
Output
• Output 1: Review and identify any weaknesses and gaps in the draft BSAP. Review selection
process for priority species and protected areas based on national and international biodiversity
conservation best practice. Supplement priority species and protected areas as required.
• Output 2: Develop five-year plan for detailed and practical activities, including time schedule for
priority species/ protected areas* and suggested programs with focus on those to be implemented in
next 5 years.
• Output 3: Government capacity building will focus on knowledge sharing and involvement in the
process of discussion and decision making with different government departments. It should include:
- Introduction of all relevant agencies to the BSAP and 5-year work plan;
- Identification of roles and responsibilities;
- Identification of weaknesses among agencies that will be involved;
- Technical workshops to train / clarify the roles and responsibilities of agencies;
- Mechanism for improved conservation planning and interdepartmental participation identified and
agreed upon.
Project Introduction meeting (11th October afternoon at YEPD)
Consultant team, YEPD and AECOM will join the meeting. Professor Yang will inform the
consultants as the team leader.
Equipment
Discuss and confirm equipment requirements with ADB and Project Team before purchasing.
Staff support
• Some staff support for project coordination and administration was required.
• YEPD will provide a full-time counterpart staff for the TA.
Project office and meeting
• Regular (fortnightly) coordination meetings should be held by the project team.
• The project office might be better based at YEPD Offices to strengthen capacity building and
collaboration.
Expert
• If / when it is agreed there is a need for an additional specialist, they can be brought in as a
'resource person'. There is provision in the budget for this. Under ADB regulations a 'resource
person' is a technical person with highly specialized skills brought in to perform a specific task, and
is usually for up to 10 days duration (e.g. a brief but detailed technical assessment, or facilitation of a
workshop).
• Experts should guarantee their inputs once the project started. They should take responsibi lity for
high quality work and discussion meetings regularly in Kunming. This will be emphasized again
during the 11th October meeting.
ALL
Date
Req’d/
Follow-Up
Note
All
11/10/13
All
Note
YEPD
Note
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Professo Note
r Yang
Professo Note
r Yang
* A clear definition of "significant" species and sites needs to be established up-front. Preliminary definitions
are provided in the TA report. For reference:
• The TA is focusing on vascular flora and vertebrate fauna only.
• The TA is focusing on species which are nationally/provincially listed as rare, threatened or protected;
and/or species listed as CE, EN or VU on IUCN Red List, and possibly also Data Deficient species if it seems
likely they are CE/EN/VU; and/or 'keystone' species of economic / habitat importance;
• The key terrestrial and wetland habitats.
DATE:
11 October 2013
VENUE:
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 3
SUBJECT:
Internal Kickoff Meeting
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Zhou Bo, Yang Dong, Xia Feng
and Hu Jian (from Nature
Resource Department of YEPD)
AECOM/Consultant Team
Yang Yuming, Wu Yusong,
Han Lianxian, Zhang Yiping,
David Gallacher, He Wen(Ellen
He)
Others
Mr Wu Xuecan (Vice President of Yunnan Institute of
Environmental Science), Wang Jun (attended for Li
Zhuoqing since he was on travel), Dr He (from XTBG)
Discussion and Comments
#
Item/Issue
Action
by
1.0
Project background
• ADB and YEPD had meeting at July 2012 for BSAP funding issues. At that time BSAP is only a
draft framework.
• ADB approved the funding on October 2012. But the draft BSAP was approved already by
government at December 2012.
• The contract with ADB was signed at September 2013 but the BSAP was issued to public at May
already.
• Due to this situation YEPD and ADB had agreed that the previous BSAP will not be changed a lot
in this project.
• The 34 priority actions, 9 priority areas and 35 priority programs decided by last BSAP should not
be changed in this project. Detail plans and time schedule are needed for them. Key areas should be
identified within the priority areas.
• The action plan should be practical.
• Promote and increase the influence of the BSAP
• National BSAP was issued recently. The national priority protection areas covered 3 zones in
Yunnan: Northwest of Yunnan, South of Yunnan, and Southeast of Yunnan which required further
planning for these areas. This project should consider the 3 zones of Yunnan and provide related
materials for the National BSAP Planning.
Work scope:
• Output 1: identify priority species, ecosystem, and areas based on the existing BSAP; Propose the
species with high economic benefit and implementation recently and sort by importance and
practical value; work out the “Protection Plan for Biodiversity Conservation Priority Areas in Yunnan
Province”, identify key protection area, zoning, protection network optimization, and policy strategy.
• Output 2: propose the Thirteen Five-Year-Plan, activities for several Five-Year sections after that,
key items for implementation and plan based on the 9 priority areas and 34 programs from original
BSAP. Increase the practical value for existing BSAP.
• Output 3: enhance the promotion, training of BSAP for related government departments. Improve
their understanding of action plan and speed up the implementation of BSAP.
Project management
• The Yunnan Biodiversity Joint Conference Office will coordinate and guide the whole project.
• A project management team will be set up in YEPD to supervise and assess the project progress.
• The project management office will be located in YEPD.
Expert
YEPD indicated that all the experts should try their best for this project. If anyone think he/she
cannot complete these task now he/she should apply to quit before end of October. Once they
decide to take the job after second consideration they should try their best to fulfill all the tasks.
Next step:
• Professor Yang and David will work together for the overall framework and methodology and
th
circulate to the team by 18 October.
• Experts have 1 week to review the overall framework and methodology then add their own detail
/
Date
Req’d/
Follow-up
/
All
Note
YEPD
Note
All
Note
All
Note.
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Professor
Yang will
provide a
#
Item/Issue
Action
by
th
TOR, work schedule, data requirement list and send to team leader for feedback by 25 October.
th
th
• Update the TOR, work schedule and data requirement list from 28 – 31 October.
• An internal discuss meeting will be held on 1 st November to finalize the materials for inception
meeting.
DATE:
VENUE:
SUBJECT:
Date
Req’d/
Follow-up
draft for
discussion
on 16th
October.
7 March 2014
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 5
Expert Review Meeting for analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities
listed within the BSAP, knowledge product, capacity building, 5-year action plan
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Zhou Bo, Yang Dong, Xia Feng
and Hu Jian (from Nature
Resource Department of YEPD)
Expert Panel
Project Team
Yang Yuming, Ou Xiaokun, Lu Wu Xuecan, Peng Hua, Han Lianxian, Li Zhuoqing,
Shugang, Jiang Xuelong,
Wu Yusong, Ma Jianzhong
Sheen Lixing
Discussion and Comments
Expert
5-year action plan
Zhoubo
Comments and Suggestion
1. The presentation is clear.
2. Ranking is necessary. The projects should cover more than
selected priority areas.
3. More discussion is needed for 5-year plan submitted to YEPD.
The one to ADB is fine.
4. Projects already get funding and easily to implement should
be set as priority in 5-year plan although they are not for priority
areas.
Lu Shugang
1. Action plan should consider the areas outside the nature
Flora expert for Yunnan University
reserves
Professor Yang Yuming
1. The action plan should consider the trans-boundary river basin
survey such as Nujiang River and Yiluo wadi River basin
protection; and the Magnoliaceae protection.
Hu Jian
1. According to management requirement project should not only
Natural Resource Department
set for 5 higher mark priority areas but consider more about
administration boundary.
2. Species protection is one of the key projects.
3. Evaluate the existing project and funding
Director Xia Feng
1. Important and urgent should be considered together.
Natural Resource Department
2. Detail boundary of priority area should be worked out.
Analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP
Ou Xiaokung
1. The indicator weight is suggested to be re analysis by experts.
Flora expert from Yunnan University
Lu Shugang
1. it’s reasonable for Honghe moist rainforest zones ranking the
Flora expert for Yunnan University
first in priority areas.
Jiang Xuelong
Fauna expert for KIZ
Shen Lixing
Forest expert from Southwest Forest
University
Professor Yang Yuming
Response
Will update
accordingly
Will update
accordingly
1. The methodology is reasonable but the data should be double
check specially the fauna data.
2. The area, investigation, reference are different in priority
areas. Some areas are totally blank due to little investigation.
1. The Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest zones don’t rank high Indicator and
but it’s the only 1 selected in the 35 National Priority Areas.
ranking will be
Please take it into consideration based on the national strategy. adjusted.
2. Can indicators like GMS and Three Parallel Rivers be added
into calculation?
1. It’s wrong for Tongbiguan tropical rainforest zones ranking
last. Karst wetland and underground caverns in southeast
Yunnan should be considered too.
Expert
Director Xia Feng
Natural Resource Department
Knowledge product
Ou Xiaokung
Flora expert from Yunnan University
Shen Lixing
Forest expert from Southwest Forest
University
Director Xia Feng
Natural Resource Department
ZhouBo
Capacity building
Ou Xiaokung
Flora expert from Yunnan University
Shen Lixing
Forest expert from Southwest Forest
University
Professor Yang Yuming
Director Xia Feng
Natural Resource Department
ZhouBo
Summary
Mr. Wu Xuecan
Comments and Suggestion
2. The Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest is significant.
3. Flagship specie should be set priority such as Silvery gibbon
1. Adjustment of priority areas should be made.
Response
1. Is there any possibility to include program budget application
guidance into the Knowledge product?
Knowledge
product will
not comprise
this item.
1. Knowledge Product: biodiversity and poverty reduction should Poverty
be included.
reduction is
not the key
item in
knowledge
product
1. Knowledge product: need more discussion
Noted
1. Action plan for county government
2. Promotion of biodiversity is the first step in training.
Noted
1. Training: need more discussion
There is no disagreement for select 5+1 priority areas into 5- year
action plan.
The next step:
1. Report from each expert should be translated
2. Update each report based on comments from consultants.
3. Outline of 5-year plan from each expert should be submitted
15th March; draft 5-year plan submitted 10th April; final 5-year
plan and discussion on 30th April.
4. Projects should be set for 5+1+2 priority areas. But other
areas should be considered too.
5. According to the workshop 6+2 (Xishuang banna,
Tongbiguan) priority areas are suggested for priority projects.
6. Communication with GIS experts before 15th March for
calculation updates.
DATE:
16 May 2014
VENUE:
YEPD Conference Room at Floor 5
SUBJECT:
Expert Review Meeting for 5-year action plan
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Zhou Bo, Yang Dong
and Hu Jian (from
Nature Resource
Department of
YEPD)
Expert Panel
Yang Yongping (KIB), Ou Xiaokun (Yunnan University), Jiang
Xuelong (KIZ), Tian Kun (Southwest Forestry University), Gong
Xun (KIB), Hua Chaolang (Yunnan Forestry Planning Institute),
Jiang Zhutan (Forestry Department), Hu Lan (Poverty Alleviation
Office), Dai Tianchou (Hydraulics Department), Zhang Xingwang
(Agricultural Department), Tao Ran (Development and Reform
Department), Zhao Jiuling (Finance Department) Wen Bin (Urban
Construction Department), Gao Yangyi (Technology & Science
Department),
Project Team
Wu Xuecan, Peng Hua, Han
Lianxian, Li Zhuoqing, Wu
Yusong, Ma Jianzhong
Discussion and Comments
Expert
Suggestions or Recommendations
Response
Analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP
Ou Xiaokun
No comments on the ranking results; the main issues of YBASAP Noted
has been covered;
Urban Construction
It is necessary to pick the priority area for research;
Department
5-year action plan
Tian Kun
•
The whitebait fish is not the major issue in the north-west
Will update accordingly
wetlands in Yunnan; instead, Pomacea scalaris (snail) is
worthy of study.
•
Action 34 is under implementation; the synchronized
monitoring of the birds in different wetlands is important;
•
The conservation and research of Brasenia schreberi in
Tengchong is important.
Ou Xiaokun
Little attention paid to the ecosystem; Some actions are under
implementation, no need to carry out again.
Hua Chaolang
Is it reasonable to have 21 actions of investigation and research
out of the total 36 actions?
Yang Yongping
•
In safeguarding measures, coordination scheme
establishment is very important
•
Technical cooperation and communication is important in
international cooperation.
Jiang Xuelong
The executive agencies should not be confined in Yunnan;
Finance Department •
The strategic measures are not enough;
•
The five-year actions should promote the international
cooperation.
Poverty Alleviation
Enhance the actions which connect the biodiversity conservation
Office
and poverty alleviation.
Hydraulics
Awareness building should be included in the safeguards
Department
measures.
Development and
Connect with the province-wide ecological civilization construction
Reform Department work.
Agricultural
A lot of propagation work of the indigenous fish species has been
Department
done by the agricultural department.
YEPD
•
The improvement of the current nature reserves needs to be
addressed.
•
Actions related to management, laws, policy and awareness
building should be added.
Report writing
Jiang Xuelong
the scientific name for a species of Bycticebus pygmaeus is not
Will update accordingly
established;
Gong Xun
Different names should not be used for the same species in the
report; the Latin name should be used.
Hua Chaolang
•
The logic thought is weak and the planning is not systematic. More baseline and strategic
projects related to YBSAP
Actions are not in consistency with the original YBSAP;
Forestry Department •
analysis will be added.
•
The analysis of the implementation of the original YBSAP
Technology &
should be enhanced;
Science Department
•
No logic connection between the ranking of species and
YEPD
actions.
•
gap analysis for nature reserves is not enough; famous
scenic spot is also a kind of protected area;
•
Insufficient actions for nature reserves, particularly the
improvement of the current provincial nature reserves.
•
Project results should not be only the scientific ones, how to
make the public participate in the actions
•
The sustainable utilization should be enhanced in the report.
Discussion among the team after the meeting
Improve the action plan based on the comments and suggestions of the meeting, the
understanding of the project, and according to the task divisions;
Expert
Suggestions or Recommendations
Response
In the meantime, the team leader will provide the specific suggestions for the team for
modification of the report;
Internal meeting will be held after modification for discussion of the action plan.
DATE:
2 July 2014
VENUE:
Meeting room on 3rd Floor, YEPD
SUBJECT:
Five-year action plan progress, capacity building training.
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Zhou Bo, Hu Jian, Xia Feng (from Nature Resource Department of YEPD)
Project Team
Wu Xuecan,
Discussion and Comments
YEPD
Suggestions or Recommendations
Response
Five-year action plan
Zhoubo
· Delete “ background ” , the relative contents put in “ review of BSAP ” ; Noted and
worked
combine 2.2 and 2.3;
accordingly
· Identify the objectives after five years, and its connection with YBSAP
· The actions proposed should not be confined within the selected priority areas;
actions needed for the common and urgent issues of the whole province and
other priority areas;
· For the establishment of the small-scale nature reserve, their demonstration in
management is more important rather than the number of established ones.
· The analysis of priority area selection is too scientific to be included into the main
text of the plan; instead, put it in the annex
Hu Jian
· The actions are the focus of the action plan. If only consider the selected priority
area, the typical and critical issues for the whole province will be ignored, and fail
to cover the 9 fields of actions in the original YBSAP; for example, awareness
building, sustainable utilization.
· BCLO is dissolved and it should not be mentioned in the implementation
agencies of the plan. In the safeguard measures of the plan, the establishment of
biodiversity conservation committee could be proposed following the experience
of the other provinces.
· The biodiversity fund does not exist anymore. The contents about it in the plan
should be undermined.
Xia Feng
· Priority species, priority ecosystems and priority areas are the major concern. A
common understanding should be reached through several seminars.
· It should be clear which of the 34 actions in the original YBSAP need to be
implemented in the next five years.
· How to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the action plan is missing.
· The task breakdown need to be in line with that in the YBSAP.
· For the format of the report, suggest to structure it by ecosystem conservation,
species rescue, sustainable utilization of species and etc., relay it based on the
urgency and necessity. The current layout by priority areas is not easy for use
and reference. For instance, the invasive species only the snail is mentioned, a
lot more are missing; the actions and measures for this field need to be detailed.
· To further compact the contents of the action plan into a shorter one.
Training program
Xia Feng
· The target people of the training should be classified for different training
contents.
· At the provincial level, to increase the awareness of the high-rank cadres through
the platform of the communist party school, to make them pay attention to
biodiversity in the decision making process.
· Nature reserve management agency: the focus is nature reserve management
bureau, to increase their skills.
· The responsible departments at the prefectural and municipal levels: to train this
group of people through the training plan of YEPD.
YEPD
Zhou Bo
Suggestions or Recommendations
Response
· Training of juveniles: dissemination of common knowledge to them through
lectures; select the school with cooperation willingness (e.g. the junior high
school of Yunnan University)
· To extend the influence of the project, publish the project information and results
at the website of Yunnan biodiversity conservation.
· The big challenge of the organization of the training is the participation of the
other departments beyond YEPD.
· Other stakeholders at the provincial level, train the people at the meetings, either
the training of YEPD or the trainings of the other departments themselves.
DATE: 11 August 2014
VENUE: Conference Call
SUBJECT: Training program, TOC of action plan, project progress
ATTENDEES:
YEPD
Yang Dong
AECOM/Consultant Team
ADB
Wu Xuecan, Yang Shuo, David Gallacher, Ellen He Mark
Discussion and Comments
Training program
Yang Dong
Class 1, 2 are ok to be approved by YEPD.
Mark
· Budget table for each class is needed. Detail budget plan should be submitted within this week.
· The training program sounds very positive, covering a lot of different agencies. It’s good that expert s in
the project are the lecturer.
· Make clear of which TA consultant will be responsible for PPT materials.
· Hope can get approval from Mark and Karen within this week.
TOC of 5-year action plan
Mark
· Confused about the section 2.4 and 3.2, 3.3, 3.4.
· Many comments for the actions in the mid-term workshop but there is no change in the 41 actions.
· If YEPD think the TOC is very clear as government policy requirements please let ADB know.
· If the TOC is approved by YEPD, ADB will agree with it too.
· The translation of Section 4 needs to be changed.
Mr. Wu
Will pay visit to Zhoubo within this week for further explanation and discussion about TOC.
Data collection for finance analysis
Yang Dong
Will follow up with finance division about this.
Mechanism
Mark
· Propose mechanism such as organizing meetings between different agencies. W e can get opinions
during the trainings.
· YEPD should take a lead for this too.
Pamphlet
Mark
Draft pamphlet should be submitted within this week.
APPENDIX 6.1 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL
CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (English Version)
The report can be found at the following link:
http://u.163.com/HISJiOPD
Download code: hw6AuCWx
APPENDIX 6.2 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL
CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (Chinese Version)
The report will be uploaded to YEPD+ADB website.
APPENDIX 7.1 – OUTPUT 2: SAMPLE BASELINE ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE PREPARED
FOR XISHUANGBANNA SUB-PRIORITY REGION
This document was prepared to provide a template for description of baseline data from each subpriority region identified under Output 1. This data would form a basis for identification of key issues
and formulation of projects for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan. This template was adopted for
use in the Five-Year Action Plan, but moved to the appendices. As per the requirements of the EA,
the finalized Five-Year Action Plan focused more on provincial level strategies closely aligned with
the YBSAP, rather than specific activities within sub-priority regions identified under Output 1.
1.
Xishuangbanna Tropical Rain Forest (XTR)
Location and Climate
The XTR Sub-priority Region (latitude 21° 8'-22° 58', longitude, 99° 10'-101° 50') is situated in the southwest of Yunnan Province,
with Laos to the east and south, Myanmar to the south-west and west, and adjoins the plateau of Yunnan to the north ( Figure
5). The Sub-priority Area covers an area of 1,237,200 ha, and includes several counties known for rich biodiversity resources
such as Menghai, Jinghong, Mengla, Ning’er, West Union, Menglian, and Lancang River City.
Figure 1 – Location of XTR Sub-Priority Region
2.
Located just south of the Tropic of Cancer, Xishuangbanna represents a transitional zone between the tropical climate of
Southeast Asia and the subtropical climate of East Asia. The area has a predominantly low, undulating mountainous terrain
(ranging from 480m to 2,430m above sea level) (Hua, 2006) (refer to Figure 6). The high mountains in the north block the cold
air from the north in winter, and traps warm, humid air from the Indian Ocean, creating a hot, humid, windless, tropical climate
(Zou, 1988). The annual precipitation is 1,200 – 1,700 mm and average temperature is 21.5°C (Hongmao et al., 2002). In the
lowest areas there is usually dense fog every day of the dry season, which compensates for the relatively low precipitation (Hua,
1992). The flora and fauna of Xishuangbanna is therefore influenced by both tropical and temperate elements thus creating a
biodiversity hotspot.
Figure 6 – Elevation Map of XTR Sub-Priority Region
3.
4.
Biodiversity Values
Located in the northern margin of tropical mainland South East Asia and occurring at greater than 600 m above sea level
Xishuangbanna occurs at the latitudinal and altitudinal limits of tropical rainforest (Hua, 1992). The primary vegetation of
Xishuangbanna can be divided into four main categories: tropical rainforest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical montane
evergreen broad-leaved forest, and tropical monsoon forest. The tropical rainforest can be further divided into two vegetation
subtypes: tropical seasonal rainforest occurring in the lowlands, and tropical montane forest occurring at higher elevations
(Hua, 2006).
The tropical seasonal rainforest occurs mainly in wet valleys and on lower hills below 900-1,000m elevation. It is the main
forest type in Xishuangbanna and the regional representative vegetation (Hua, 1992). It includes five formations:
·
Pometia pinnata-Terminalia myriocarpa forest, which has the greatest coverage of the formations;
·
Parashorea chinensis forest, which has been found in limited habitats of Mengla County (Hua, 2006). Parashorea chinensis
is endangered with only a few large tees remaining (the Yunnan subpopulation being restricted to an area of 20 km²)
(IUCN, 2014);
·
Pometia pinnata-Celtis philippensis var. wightii forest, which occurs near the bottom of valleys and on lower slopes with
somewhat less wet habitats;
·
Antiaris toxicara-Pouteria grandiflora forest, which occurs mainly on lower hills and lower mountains surrounding wide
depressions below 800 m elevation. Areas at these elevations have now been opened up to large-scale agricultural use
therefore forest represented by this formation has largely been destroyed. There are only a few more or less disturbed
forests remaining (referred to as “Sacred Mountains”) close to villages (Hua, 2006); and
·
Celtis philippensis var. wightii-lasiococca comberi var. pseudovercillata forest, which is the most common formation on
lower limestone slopes (Hua, 2006).
Figure 7 – Ecosystem Map of XTR Sub-Priority Region
5.
The tropical montane rainforest usually occurs between the seasonal rainforest and the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved
forest, at between 900-1,800 m elevation (Hua, 2006). As a result of agricultural conversion, the tropical montane forests do
not cover a large area in Xishuangbanna (Hua, 1992). Only relic patches of this forest remain, that can be divided into two
formations:
·
Mastixia euonymoides-Phoebe megacalyx forest which occurs mainly in wetter montane valleys; and
·
Parachmeria yunnanensis-Gymnanthes remota forest; which occurs on shady slopes and on hill tops.
6.
Although the Xishuangbanna area only covers approximately 0.2% of the total land of China, more than 5,000 higher plant
species have been recorded, which accounts for approximately 14% of the total from China (Yongneng et al., 2006). Of these,
approximately 150 are endemic species to China (Pu and Zhang, 2001) (including 35 endemic species to the region (Zhang and
Ma, 2008). In addition, over 100 protected plant species occur in this Area, with 60 being state protected and 41 protected at
the provincial level (Xiaokun, 1997). The ranking analysis of plant species conducted as part of this plan identified 146 priority
species occurring in the XTR Sub-priority Region, 32 of which were considered of high conservation priority.
7.
The XTR Sub-priority Region supports a high diversity of fauna, including over 100 species of mammal, over 420 species of birds,
approximately 60 species of reptiles approximately 38 species of amphibians, and over 100 species of fish. The ranking analysis
of animal species conducted as part of this plan identified 15 priority species occurring in the XTR Sub-priority Region, 4 of
which were considered of high conservation priority.
8.
9.
Threats
Until the 1940’s, natural forest covered almost the entire Xishuangbanna area (Zhai et al., 2013), but by the 1970s the natural
forest had decreased to 70%; with further decreases to less than 50% by 2003 (Li et al. 2007). Such habitat loss has been
attributed to the expansion of rubber tree plantations and shifting cultivation (Hua, 2006). In fact the reported decrease in
seasonal tropical rainforest from 10.9% coverage in 1976 to 3.6% in 2003 (Li et al. 2007) coincided with an increase in rubber
plantation from 1.1% in 1976 to 11.3% in 2003. By 2003, rubber plantations dominated the areas below elevations of 800 m
(ibid). This transformation has had the effect of reducing local plant species richness and composition (Zhu et al., 2004). In
addition, the use of the best agricultural lands at lower elevations for rubber plantations is resulting in the deforestation of
natural forest at higher elevations for local food production. Therefore, the area of other natural forest habitats, which occur at
elevations above 800 m also decreased between 1976 and 2003.
While some habitats and species are afforded a degree of protection under Protected Area designations, the fragmentation
and isolation of Protected Areas and management units is resulting in degradation of habitats, which is further impacting
species dependent on these areas. This is exacerbated by an over-dependence of local residents on forest resources and
increased anthropogenic activities resulting in forest fires, wood consumption, slash and burn agriculture, wildlife poaching,
and logging. These issues are compounded by insufficient conservation/management funding, a lack of qualified protectors,
poor means of forest management (Pu and Zhang, 2001).
10. Further to this, the review of the biodiversity resources of the Area indicates that current data regarding species distribution,
richness and population dynamics, particularly for less charismatic species, is limited. Given the loss of forest habitats across
the Area and the expansion of monocultures (e.g. rubber plantations, tea and tropical fruits) updated baseline data are
urgently needed.
11. With favorable hydrothermal conditions and high vegetation coverage, the area is considered to have strong adaptation
potential to climate change, and vulnerability is therefore considered relatively low. In the past 50 years, the average annual
temperature has risen (0.35°C/10a), and annual precipitation has declined (-38.27mm/10a). A shift of cold air from the north
has seen impacts to rubber and other crops susceptible to frost in the winter months. Overall warming temperatures could
lead to an increase in pests and diseases, and the increase in extreme weather events makes rubber and tea production
increased uncertainty.
12. In RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 prediction models, the district's average annual precipitation will increase from 1537 mm in 2000 to 1576
mm (RCP4.5) or 1579 mm (RCP8.5) in 2050. Similarly, annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) will increase from 1460 mm in
2000 to 1536 mm (RCP4.5) or 1544 mm (RCP8.5). The annual average Aridity Index (AI) will decrease from 1.06 in 2000 to 1.03
(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).
13. It has been suggested that the conversion of tropical rainforest into rubber plantations could affect the local climate. As the
tropical climate and the subsequent occurrence of tropical seasonal rainforest in the Area is influenced by the high incidence of
foggy days during the dry season (Hua, 1992), a change in fog conditions could influence the long-term future of tropical
seasonal rainforest in the Area and result in the decline of species (Huang et al., 2000; Li et al., 2007). It has been reported that
the number of foggy days in Jinghong County, which has a high density of rubber plantations, have decreased from 166
days/year in the 1950s to less than 60 days/year in the 1990s. This has been attributed to the difference in water relations
between rubber plantations and natural forest (Huang et al., 2000). This potential issue and the implications of climate change
requires further consideration.
Human Geography
14. The XTR Sub-priority Area includes 13 officially recognized ethnic groups (Yang and Wall, 2014) including: Dai, Hani, Miao, Lahu,
Bulang, Yi, Jinou, Wa, Hui, Bai, Zhunag, and Buyi (Chunlin, 1995). The Dai are the most populous group comprising 35% of the
total population, while the Han, which is an ethnic minority comprise 25%. .An additional 11 ethnic minorities comprise 33% of
the population (Yang and Wall, 2014).
15. Knowledge and preservation of the environment has traditionally been an important part of society and culture in
Xishuangbanna (Chunlin, 1995). Historically the indigenous minorities of the area lived in harmony with nature, participating in
a culture of using and managing natural landscapes, including shifting cultivation, tea plantations under forest canopies, fuel
wood gardens and home garden ecosystems (Yang and Wall, 2014). For example, the Sacred Mountains, which originated from
an ancient Dai belief and respect for forest, animals, plants and mountains, became a part of traditional agroecosystem of
Xishuangbanna approximately 1000 years ago (Chunlin, 1995). As human activity (e.g. hunting, forestry and planting) is
traditionally forbidden in Sacred Mountains, these areas became oases of biodiversity. It is believed that almost every village
had a sacred forest before 1958 (Shengji, 2010). At the time there were approximately 1000 sacred forests comprising
approximately 5% of Xishuangbanna area. However, in the 1960s and 1970s many Sacred Mountains were destroyed. Chunlin
(1995) reported only 400 Sacred Mountains remaining in Xishuangbanna, while later Liu et al. (2002) reported only 250 Sacred
Mountains remaining.
16. Tea plantations of the Jinuo ethnic minority also provide another example of living harmoniously with the environment. The
tea plantations are structurally and ecologically similar to natural forests. The use of the forest canopy to provide a shaded
environment enhances the yield and quality of tea produced as well as preserving the forest canopy and therefore habitats for
flora and fauna (Chunlin, 1995).
17. The continuance of living harmoniously with the environment is threatened by increasing population size and economic
development, which includes extensive rubber plantations, wildlife poaching, and deforestation (Yang and Wall, 2014). To
maintain and enhance the role of traditional beliefs in conserving plant diversity, the Association of Integrating Traditional
Beliefs and Plant Conservation was established in 1997. This non-government organization aims to document the traditional
botanical knowledge of minority groups, train, educate and encourage local people to understand and use the importance of
traditional knowledge in the conservation and biodiversity of the environment (Liu et al., 2002). Opportunities exist to
integrate traditional beliefs with environmental conservation and management by building on the success of such
organizations.
18. According to the Xishuangbanna Economic and Social Development Report 2010, as reported by Hong Kong Trade
Development Council (HKTDC, 2011), the service sector was the largest contributor (42.77%) to the Xishuangbanna prefecture's
economy. Of this, tourism was the most important contributor. While the primary (agricultural) sector accounted for 27.62%
of the economy, and the secondary (industry and construction) sector contributed 29.61%. Of the industrial sector, mining, tea
processing, sugar and electricity were the major industries (ibid.).
19. For example, some ethnic minorities practice interplanting of upland rice crops, others preserve the stumps of felled trees for
the coming year, and others also utilize water melon and black heart firewood trees to reduce the excessive felling of forests.
These traditional resource use patterns can have a positive impact on biodiversity and compare favorably to modern
agricultural and forestry practices. However, as the human population and subsequent pressure on the environment increases,
re-evaluation of the affects of such practices and potential requirements for management to facilitate balance between
traditional practices and conservation should be considered.
20. The regional population density is 66 people/km 2, the unit GDP density CNY556400/km2, and education levels are low. Rubber
plantations are a critical component of the local economy. However, the expansion of rubber plantations has resulted in
significant habitat loss and negatively affected flora, fauna and some ecosystem services (Li et al., 2007). This is discussed
further in the Sections below. Strategies to improve conservation of remaining habitats while promoting continued economic
development require consideration.
Management Initiatives
21. Since the 1980s five nature reserves have been established, which together cover approximately 12% of the Area (Li et al.,
2007). There are two designated National Nature Reserves (Xishuangbanna and Nabanhe) and three Provincial Nature Reserves
(Nuozadu, Caiyanghe, and Dragon Mountain) in the Area (see Figure 8 for locations). In addition, Xishuangbanna UNESCO-MAB
Biosphere Reserve is also included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
Figure 8 – Protection Area of Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest Zones
22. The Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve covers an area of 20,700ha. The reserve was founded as a sanctuary in 1958,
received national conservation area designation in 1986, and was accepted by UNESCO as a member of the International Man
and Biosphere Reserve Network in 1993.
23. The Nature Reserve is composed of five isolated sub-nature reserves: Mengyan, Menglun, Mengla, Shangyong and Mangao (C-L
PDR TBCC, 2013). It supports rich flora and fauna, including 3,500 species of higher plants, of which 300 are rare and/or
economically important (Nepal, 2000). It also supports 2,100 wildlife species including Elephas maximus, Panthera tigris, Paro
muticus, Trachypithecus phayrei and another 108 state key protected species and other critical protection target species (C-L
PDR TBCC, 2013).
24. The Reserve is better funded and managed than many other reserves. After significant construction and development, the
reserve is managed using standardized and scientific methodologies, and management efforts have been aligned with
international, cross-boundary biodiversity conservation programmes (C-L PDR TBCC, 2013).
25. The Nabanhe National Nature Reserve is located northwest of Jinghong City and covers an area of 26,660 ha. The Reserve was
established in 1991 for protection of rainforests and wildlife, became a provincial nature reserve in 1997, and at a national
level in 2004 (Chongrui, 2007). The main forest types in the reserve are ever-green broad-leaved forest and tropical monsoon
forest in humid valleys. The Reserve supports approximately 1,953 species of vascular plants, and 384 species of vertebrates,
many of which are under national protection (University of Hohenheim, 2008).
26. The Reserve was assessed as an important bird area by Birdlife International (Birdlife International, 2014), as it supports the
endangered (IUCN, 2014) Pavo muticus and Sitta magna, and vulnerable (IUCN, 2014) Aceros nipalensis. Across their range,
populations of these species are declining primarily as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, and poaching/hunting (IUCN,
2014).
27. The importance of the National Nature Reserves in the Area is further highlighted by their inclusion in the Biodiversity
Conservation Corridors Initiative (BCI), which was a flagship component the Core Environment Program (CEP) in the Greater
Mekong Sub-region (Huabin, 2004). This project undertaken between 2006 and 2008 aimed to accelerate regional sustainable
development, and improve and maintain ecological integrity of the National Nature Reserves in Xishuangbanna through
management and conservation of biodiversity corridors and core areas.
28. Nuozadu Nature Reserve covers an area of 21,679 ha and was established as a provincial-level nature reserve in 1997. The aims
of the reserve are to conserve tropical rainforest ecosystems, tree ferns, Bos gaurus and Elephas maximus. The primary habitat
is tropical rainforest and the Reserve is considered an important bird area as it supports Pavo muticus (BirdLife International,
2009).
29. Caiyanghe Nature Reserve covers an area of 14,892 ha including tropical and subtropical forest with an intact core of natural
forest surrounded by roughly the same area of degraded, ‘experimental’ buffer (Ingram, 2000).
30. Compared with the two national nature reserves, infrastructure, staffing, management research, international cooperation at
the three provincial level reserves seems weak. Widespread illegal poaching is still a significant problem in these reserves. For
example, insufficient financial support for management of Nuozadu Nature Reserve has resulted in open access farming, and
illegal extraction of timber and non-timber forest products, thereby resulting in loss of half of the Reserves forest cover
(Jianchu and Melick, 2007).
31. Although these reserves have been established in the Area, forest cover in the reserves has continued to decline (Li et al.,
2007). In addition, the reserves and their sub-units are isolated and sit in a matrix of different land uses, which are often
dominated by rubber plantation. The relatively small areas of the reserves, the presence of villages within and adjacent to the
reserves, and the lack of connectivity between the reserves does not provide sufficient resources or provision of migration of
large mammals (e.g. Elephas maximus), which increases human-animal conflicts and further increases the pressure on declining
population numbers (e.g. human-elephant conflict has become a major conservation issue in China (Shu, 2012)).
32. Several flagship plant species in the XTR Sub-priority Area (e.g., Parashorea chinensis, Nyssa yunnanensis, Myristica
yunnanensis, Horsfieldia tetratepala) are included in on-going conservation programmes (e.g., the 2009 central government
forestry investment schemes, nationwide wild plant protection implementation program).
33. Any conservation programme or specific plans for wildlife species? (e.g., Since 2009, Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve
started cooperating with commercial insurance companies to purchase social insurance to compensate crop damages caused
by wild elephants in the prefecture. Elephant crop raiding insurance was also introduced in Pu’er by the local forestry
department in 2010. Li, 2011. IFAW Programme.
H. Key Biodiversity Conservation Issues
34. The following critical biodiversity conservation issues have been identified based on review of baseline data:
I. Action Items
35. To address biodiversity conservation issues identified in section XX, a long-list of action items was identified (Appendix XX
refers). A shortlist of XX priority action items was identified for inclusion in the five-year plan. These action items are described
in the following sections.
References
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BirdLife International (English language edition).
Chongrui, A. (2007). Nabanhe National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau Inaugurated.
<http://english.xtbg.cas.cn/ns/es/200810/t20081007_29700.html> Accessed on 12 June 2014.
China-Lao PDR Transboundary Biodiversity Conservation Collaboration (C-L PDR TBCC) (2013). Introduction on China-Lao PDR
Transboundary Biodiversity Conservation Collaboration. 8th PRC –Lao PDR Transboundary Conservation Communication Annual
Meeting 27th – 29th November 2013, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.
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June 2014.
Han, L.; Lu, Y.; Han, H. 2009. The status and distribution of green peafowl Pavo muticus in Yunnan Province, China. International
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Hua, Z. (1992). The Tropical Rainforest Vegetation of Xishuangbanna. Chinese Geographical Science. 2(1):64-73.
Hua, Z. (2006). Forest Vegetation of Xishuangbanna, South China. Forestry Studies in China. 8(2):1-58.
Huabin, H (2008). ADB-GMS-Xishuangbanna Biodiversity Conservation Corridors.
<http://english.xtbg.cas.cn/ic/ip/200801/t20080120_29866.html> Accessed on 18 June 2014.
Huang, Y.R., Huang, Y.S. Li, Z.H. and Cheng, B.J. (2000). The Influence of Ecoenvironmental Variation on Fog. Scientia Meteoraolica
Sinica. 20:129-135.
Ingram, G.B. (2000). Needs assessment for training in design, data format development, management & use of geographic
information systems for forest biodiversity conservation with an emphasis on the Caiyanghe Nature Reserve pilot project, Yunnan
Province, China.
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China. Biodiversity Conservation. 16:1731-1745.
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Shu, C. (2012). Mitigating Human-Elephant Conflicts in Xishuangbanna, China. Masters of Science (MSc) Thesis. National University
of Singapore.
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June 2014
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Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Arnoldia. 48:3-8
APPENDIX 7.2 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP
(English Version)
The report can be found at the following link:
http://u.163.com/2d6riEtd
Download code: RPmH0CLB
APPENDIX 7.3 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP
(Chinese Version)
The report can be found at the following link:
http://u.163.com/UInHkK2I
Download code: d7c5ux8Q
APPENDIX 8.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (English Version)
The report can be found at the following link:
http://u.163.com/LPdavwIh
Download code: 63HIIfSj
APPENDIX 8.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (Chinese Summary)
云南气候变化对生物多样性的影响预测及对策措施
（中文总结）
Robert Zomer 博士
王鸣程
山地生态系统研究中心
昆明植物研究所
中国 昆明
2014 年 11 月
.
本项目由亚洲开发银行提供技术援助，AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. 执行。
概述
本报告提供了中国云南省未来气候变化的地理空间量化分析结果，同时预测了气候变化对陆地生
态系统、物种及其保护的潜在影响。本研究是亚行技术援助项目“中华人民共和国云南省生物多样性
保护战略及行动计划（TA46089）”的内容之一。
本报告的空间分析和模型结果是基于云南省生物气候分层统计推算得出。以 1960-2000 年分辨率为 1km
的气象站网格数据平均值作为现状值，利用该生物气候分层和在未来气候参数条件下重建得到的分层，预测并
阐述了到 2050 年气候变化对生物气候分区和分层的空间改变，以及对生态系统和物种的影响。
2050 年生物气候预测是根据降尺度（1 km 空间分辨率）的 CIMP-5 全球气候多模型（模型数为 63）耦合
数据提取的。我们对联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第五次报告中包含的 4 个资源保护方式
（RCP），如 GHG 排放情景等，均进行了模拟和分析，得到了一系列图表，给出了气候预测参数和影响范围
的变化幅度。
气候变化的地理空间分析覆盖了整个云南省，包括云南省生物多样性保护战略与行动计划（BSAP）18 个
优先区域中的 15 个区域，以及云南省自然保护区系统。该分析旨在帮助我们更好地理解气候变化对云南陆地
生态系统和生物多样性保护的潜在影响，同时对各个优先区的具体情况进行了分析。研究成果以工作报告的形
式呈现，包括多种数据和图表，详细分析请参考英文版报告全文及其附录。
结果总结
总体上看，研究结果表明云南的生物气候在空间分布上可能发生迅速且剧烈的变化，同时所有情景模拟结
果均显示，在未来的一段时间内各个物种及生态系统的生物物理扰动可能会显著增加。
到 2050 年，云南省内所有 BASP 优先区和保护区的生物气候和生态系统会出现快速且明显的气候变化。
到 2049 年时（最保守的估计为 2070 年），云南许多地区可能会经历前所未有的生物气候变化。
预测表明，到 2050 年由于气温升高、气候异常、生物气候（尤其是山地）空间转变，云南陆地生态系统、
生物物种及生态系统服务功能可能受到显著影响。同时受影响的还包括云南许多保护区及其他生物多样性保护
措施的成效，因为这些区域的气候条件可能会变得不再适合现有物种的生存，或者促使一些入侵种、竞争物种
扩大其生态位。
由于云南省某些珍稀濒危物种栖息地的破碎化以及自然分布的狭域性，如果不加强栖息地的保护，未来长
时间的气候波动和生态异常可能导致适宜其生存的栖息地丧失，从而引起物种灭绝。
目前亟待认识的核心问题是云南正在经历迅速的气候变化，需要尽快制定相关的适应和保护计划与政策。
研究的主要发现如下。
主要发现
3.1 云南
所有的 RCP 排放情景模拟均表明，目前的增温趋势很可能会加速，整个云南都将更加炎热。到 2050 年，
云南省年平均温度预计上升 1.6～2.5°C
云南将成为全国乃至整个东亚地区增温最快的区域之一。就云南省内而言，西部和西北部地区可能成为增
温最迅速的区域。在云南的 16 个州（市）中，怒江、大理和保山的增温最快。在 RCP8.5 情景模拟条件下，
到 2050 年云南西北部地区的年均温度增幅最大，达到 3.0 °C，年均最低温和最高温都将上升。
尽管模型模拟表明整个云南省未来的降水量略有增加，但过去 50 年持续观测资料却呈现出降水量减少的
趋势。总体上，各个模型得到的降水量预测值有很大的差异性，因此其不确定性很高；相比之下，温度的预测
值在各模型间的差异相对较小，具有较高的置信度。
本研究识别了云南省现有的 9 个主要生物气候区和 33 个生物气候分层，范围从极端炎热和潮湿的低海拔
区域至极端寒冷和干燥的高海拔区域。预计到 2050 年，各生物气候区的面积和平均海拔都有可能发生显著改
变。极端湿热、干热以及极端干热等区域的面积可能会大幅度增加。
热带森林的分布范围会扩大，然而也意味着橡胶树等热作经济植物的适宜生长区扩大，热带森林可能面临
被砍伐的威胁。到 2050 年适合种植橡胶的区域，其分布海拔高度界限将上升 300m，覆盖西双版纳地区 75%
的面积。
温暖湿润区域以及高海拔的寒冷区域的面积可能会显著缩小，这些地区的物种和生态系统将受到威胁。由
于相关生态类型的分层可能大幅减少，较高海拔的高山及亚高山的温带森林的生物多样性会面临较高风险。所
有的生物气候区都呈现平均海拔上升的趋势，范围从 284 米到 414 米。
3.2 BSAP 优先区
对于 15 个优先区，在 RCP4.5 情景模拟中，到 2050 年，年平均温度将增加 2. 0～2.2°C，在 RCP8.5 情
景模拟中将增加 2.3～2.7°C，其中位于西北和西部的地区表现出最大的增幅。
冷温带针叶林区变暖最快，其次是湿润常绿阔叶林区和暖温带针叶林区。在 RCP4.5 情景模拟下，到
2070 年，所有优先区的气候都将发生前所未有的改变，而在 RCP8.5 情景模拟下，这一日期将提前到 2049 年。
对于所有的 BSAP 优先区域，预计在 2050 年其生物气候区的平均海拔和面积均会发生大幅改变。且优先
区域内的所有生物气候区都呈现出平均海拔上升的趋势，范围在 195m 至 400m 以上，在 RCP8.5 情景模拟条
件下，所有区域海拔上移的平均值为 356 m。在 RCP8.5 情景模拟条件下，优先区出现生物气候区转换的面积
占总面积的 23～80%以上。同样，生物气候分层的转换面积可达 83～100%。
3.3 保护区网络
据报道，至 2012 年底，云南省内共有 159 个自然保护区，总面积达 28,300 km2。本次空间分析覆盖了
其中 23,000 km2 以上的面积，包含了国家级和省级自然保护区。总的来说到 2050 年，云南省预计将有 56%
的保护区转变为不同的生物气候区，保护区总面积的 93%将转变为不同的生物气候分层（RCP8.5 情景模拟条
件下）。保护区最大的单个生物气候区是湿度适中的暖温带，其次是湿度适中的热带。
两个最温暖的生物气候区面积将大幅增加。而两个最冷的生物气候区将明显缩小，意味着到 2050 年能在
这些较冷区域生存的物种可能会减少。生物气候区平均海拔的上升高度（RCP8.5 模拟情景下）达 249 m 甚至
超过 500 m。保护区内的生物气候区平均海拔上升高度为 379 m。
最冷的分层面积将减少，且所有地区的分层均会出现显著变化。到 2050 年，云南省保护区内生物气候分
层的海拔平均值预计变化 403 m（RCP8.5 模拟情景下）。
8 个优先区覆盖了超过 13,000 km2 的保护区面积(整个云南省的保护区面积为 23,000 km2)，也就是说超
过云南省保护区面积的 55%的区域位于优先区域内。其中云岭山脉和金沙江的栖息地多样性最高。BASP 优先
区域的保护区内生物气候区海拔平均值预计变化 304 m。
应对气候变化的生物多样性保护策略
基于对气候变化的预测以及规划决策的科学实践经验，一系列的行动和工具可运用于应对不同尺度和程度
的气候变化。Mawdsley 等(2009)确定了 16 种与生物多样性保护直接相关的适应策略。这些策略可以划分为以
下 4 个范畴：
土地与水资源的保护及管理
物种直接管理
监测和规划
法律与政策
4.1 土地和水资源的保护及管理策略
增加保护区面积
加强保护区网络栖息地的代表性和可复制性
加强保护区管理和修复，提升保护区抗压能力
设计新的自然保护区，修复栖息地，提升保护区适应能力
保护生物迁徙廊道、踏脚石和庇护所
管理和恢复生态系统功能而不仅仅关注特定物种或群体
通过增加景观渗透率，提升物种迁移可能性，改善环境基质
4.2 物种直接管理策略
增加濒危物种的保护投入
对有灭绝风险的物种进行迁地保护或人工繁殖
降低除气候变化外的影响
4.3 监测和规划策略
加强野生动物和生态系统监测和评估
将气候变化的影响预测与物种、土地管理规划、项目和活动相结合
制定动态的景观保护计划
确保将生物多样性保护需求纳入全社会的气候变化响应规划
4.4 法律和政策策略
回顾和修订与野生动物和自然资源管理有关的现存法律、规章制度
在制定保护计划时，应该针对云南省每个 BSAP 优先区域的特定情景和它们面对的特定保护问题及挑战，
采取策略和行动。然而，考虑到其他土地利用也正在发生变化并且带来一定的限制条件，我们建议应在早期阶
段即开始探索增加景观的连通性和渗透性，并扩大保护区范围。
APPENDIX 9.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (English Version)
Full versions of the brochures can be found at the ink below. Low-resolution copies are presented below for
ease of reference:
http://u.163.com/YwJBr3th
Download code: NTJXwiWT
VII.
VIII.
IX.
APPENDIX 9.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (Chinese Version)
Full versions of the brochures can be found at the ink below. Low-resolution copies are presented below for
ease of reference:
http://u.163.com/Ng1Ffacf
Download code: Q49cZD3R
APPENDIX 10 – OUTPUT 3: GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IN CONSERVATION PLANNING
STRENGTHENED: SUPPORTING MATERIAL
TRAINING EVALUATION SHEET
亚行技术援助—云南省生物多样性保护战略与行动计划培训效果评估表
培训课程：
培训地点：
一、评估者基本信息：
姓名：
培训讲师：
培训时间：
单位/部门：
二、课程满意度调查：
最终评估分
评估项目
课程准备是否完整、美观
培
训
内
容
课件内容设计的合理性
课程内容是否有针对性
课程内容的实用性
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
讲
师
表
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
现
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
你最需要培训的知识和技能？
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
其它建议：
年 月 日
职务/职称：
好
较好
岗位：
差
建议
STATISTICAL TABLE OF EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 1
培训内
容
讲师表
现
评估项目
好 Good
课程准备是否完整、美观
45
较好
Relatively
Good
10
课件内容设计的合理性
46
10
0
课程内容是否有针对性
48
8
0
课程内容的实用性
43
13
0
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
26
43
50
27
36
31
35
37
30
13
6
28
19
23
14
12
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
差 Poor
实收 Collected
questionnaires
0
56
您最需要培训的知识和技能？
1
如何保护濒危生物，特别是贫困地区的濒危生物的保护；
2
3
4
5
6
针对云南省的生物多样性保护情况
生物多样性保护基本常识
如何利用生物多样性来促进地方经济发展
生物多样性的产业布局开发政策、规定、鼓励措施等
生物多样性的价值评估和产业开发潜能前景
7
生物多样性保护研究工作中最需要解决的科技问题是什么，将如何去开展研究工作
8
生物多样性保护的国家政策及具体投资导向
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
1 了解云南生物多样性情况
2 生物多样性保护的迫切性
3 了解了云南生物多样性保护的战略与政策
4 基本了解了重点物种的保护
其他建议：
1 课程专业性过强，建议引用案例来阐述
2 讲座可具体到州市
3 强化政策建议方面的内容
4 纯学术可压缩，结合实际
建议省委省政府把生物产业园区布局建设尽快列入议事决策论证议程，促进云南生物多样性
5
保护实现保护中开发，开发中保护
6 增加课件的生动性，比如利用视频等
7 内容太多
APPENDIX 3: STATISTICAL TABLE OF EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 2
培训内容
讲师表现
评估项目
课程准备是否完整、美观
课件内容设计的合理性
课程内容是否有针对性
课程内容的实用性
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
好
58
58
57
56
51
56
60
53
50
48
46
52
较好
7
7
8
9
11
8
5
12
15
13
16
9
您最需要培训的知识和技能？
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
如何保护濒危珍稀物种，尤其是在项目评估和环评过程中。
生物多样性保护方面的知识
生态保护规划、实施方案编制的知识 （如何编制等）
如何申报生物多样性保护项目
野生食用菌保护与人工栽培技术
保护行动的具体内容，如何在基层做好保护工作
当地生物多样性特征
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
1 生物多样性知识的了解（概念和内涵、重要性、迫切性）
2 保护战略与行动计划，以及优先区；为项目申报奠定了基础
3 重要物种的保护
其他建议：
1 多组织类似培训，增加实地考察内容
2 文字太多，不够生动形象，需改进
差
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
实收
65
EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(A) – FIRST DAY
培训内容
讲师表现
评估项目
课程准备是否完整、美观
课件内容设计的合理性
课程内容是否有针对性
课程内容的实用性
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
好
47
47
47
43
37
45
47
46
45
41
42
45
较好
5
5
5
9
14
7
5
6
7
9
10
7
差
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
实收
52
您最需要培训的知识和技能？
1
物种的识别
2
如何选取申报生物多样性保护项目资金；
3
具体申报项目细化方案编制案例和细化各县市具体保护类别；
4
基层环保部门需要学习的工作流程和具体工作事项；
标准化格式的项目申报程序
5
6
生物多样性保护基础知识（如分布等）
7
生物多样性保护项目管理
8
生物多样性保护项目库如何储备才能更有效果
环保部门开展生物多样性保护工作的重点内容和工作措施；
9
10
少数民族文化遗产的保护知识
编制生物多样性保护行动计划的具体方法、步骤和提纲样本
11
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
1
加深对生物多样性的理解
认识了当地特别需要保护的物种及区域的识别
2
3
地方生物多样性保护实施方案编制指导和项目申报
4
需要保护的动植物名录
对生物多样性保护战略的了解（重点领域和行动）
5
其他建议：
1
理论与实践相结合，增加案例分析的讲解
2
加强授课人与学员间的互动，增进学员之间的交流沟通和相互学习
3
加大资金及项目扶持力度，在近 5 年内加大对本地生物多样性保护，使之落到实处
能否提供生物多样性专家名单，以备编制生物多样性保护项目实施方案时联系和交
4
流
组织些实地培训及学习
5
6
加强生物多样性保护知识和技能培训
召开类似的培训会，进一步分析全省生物多样性保护现状，为地方提供信息、技术
7
等指导
8
加强对基层环保管理人员多进行一些相关专业技能和管理能力的培训
9
到典型、生物多样性保护工作做得好的地方考察学习
结合当地实际，加强培训深度
10
11
多组织生态保护相关培训
EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(A) – SECOND DAY
培训内容
讲师表现
评估项目
课程准备是否完整、美观
课件内容设计的合理性
课程内容是否有针对性
课程内容的实用性
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
好
37
37
36
37
35
36
37
33
35
34
33
35
较好
3
3
4
3
5
4
3
7
5
6
6
4
差
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
实收
40
您最需要培训的知识和技能？
1
国际生物多样性保护工作合作交流方式、途径等方面的知识和技能
2
更具体的生物多样性保护管理的实际应用和操作
3
国际上生物多样性保护的技术与经验
4
如何与其他部门共同推进生物多样性保护的技巧和方法；
5
生物多样性保护的具体做法和基层开展规划编制等经验（编制细则）
6
小飞机遥感技术装备的配备和实际应用（GIS 和遥感的具体应用）
7
当地生物多样性知识
8
生物多样性保护战略的制定与实施
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
对各国生物多样性保护工作有了初步了解，一些好的做法有借鉴价值；（民众参
1
与，社会各界人士共同保护）
2
了解了更多关于多样性保护的经验；
3
生物多样性保护的科学方法
4
生物多样性相关知识和保护措施等
5
小飞机遥感技术、GIS 的了解
6
了解了保护战略和行动计划
其他建议：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
云南与多国接壤，国际间生物多样性保护合作交流工作十分重要，希望能组织开展
国际间的合作互助，建立有效的机制和平台，共同促进生物多样性保护工作；
对国际上的经验再做一些深入拓展
生物多样性保护项目政策向基层适当倾斜；
多开展理论与实践的学习和操作
对环保系统监察、监测人员进行专业的 3S 知识培训，包括基础知识和应用
采取会议培训和实地考察相结合的方法，增强学习的现实效果
野外定位及采集系统能尽快分配到县一级，并应用到保护工作中
EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(B) – FIRST DAY
培训内容
讲师表现
评估项目
课程准备是否完整、美观
课件内容设计的合理性
课程内容是否有针对性
课程内容的实用性
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
好
33
32
31
31
24
32
33
30
34
24
24
27
较好
3
5
6
6
12
4
4
7
3
12
8
5
差
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
实收
37
您最需要培训的知识和技能？
动植物监测样地的选择、监测方法及数据整理
1
2
自然保护管理对策
3
野生动植物的特性、习性和分布等
动植物的识别和调查方法
4
5
保护区管理中保护与发展矛盾的解决；调解矛盾的方法和技巧；
6
社区共管
项目的选定及项目书的编制等
7
8
如何建立简单的保护数据平台
9
湿地水文、鸟类观测等专业知识
10
生态旅游
现地培训
11
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
1
了解一些动物情况
2
生物多样性保护以及动植物物种的保护
3
了解了生物多样性保护行动计划
4
物种调查监测方法及案例
5
了解了国际经验和实用的技术方法；
6
此次培训促进了保护区各部门间的沟通交流
其他建议：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
时间应安排 2 小时左右，以便教师有时间举一些实例
大力推广宣传，落实保护战略行动
多讲案例
多讲调查方法
加强基层保护区管理部门的基础设施建设，配置些野外监测、宣传设备；
增加国内好的经验案例
多开展此类培训，增加实地考察
专业技能知识深度、广度不够，时间短了
行动计划对滇东北地区的保护区资源未有提及，不够全面
EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(B) – SECOND DAY
培训内容
讲师表现
评估项目
课程准备是否完整、美观
课件内容设计的合理性
课程内容是否有针对性
课程内容的实用性
课程中的互动性
授课时间安排的合理性
专业水平
授课技巧
语言表达及用语准确规范
同学员的沟通与互动
培训的收获
培训的整体评价
好
38
35
40
34
36
32
38
34
39
31
32
31
较好
7
10
5
10
9
13
7
11
6
14
8
9
差
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
实收
45
您最需要培训的知识和技能？
1
深入了解和掌握社区共管，社区参与保护区管理的有效途径
2
自然保护区管理 ，解决贫困与保护的矛盾
3
与保护区相关的法律知识
4
社区共管的设计和实施
5
国际先进经验和技能
本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？
1
社区共管的理念
自然保护区管理经验及社区共管，如合理利用资源，实现可持续发展，解决贫困问
2
题
3
社区参与生物多样性保护的必要性
其他建议：
1
2
3
4
X.
针对云南生物多样性实际情况，重点对如何保护和监管进行培训
多举实例，增强理解
多办类似培训，内容更具体，针对性更强
缺少如何实施社区共管
CLASS 1 ATTENDEES
CLASS 2 ATTENDEES
CLASS 3(a) ATTENDEES
所在州
市
昆明市
玉溪市
曲靖市
楚雄州
文山州
红河州
州市、重点县环
姓名
保局名单
昆明市环保局
董丽琼
杨育华
和兰娣
玉溪市环保局
何亚东
曲靖市环保局
李红琳
李国正
师宗县环保局
李华平
楚雄州环保局
董廷伟
文山州环保局
王 卉
文山市环保局
雷 涛
高发能
邓国孝
西畴县环保局
麻栗坡县环保局 赵凯艳
马关县环保局
孙仲祥
富宁县环保局
冉顺利
广南县环保局
唐 飞
红河州环保局
刘梅
河口县环保局
何跃魁
吕云峰
蒙自市环保局
单位
职务
联系电话
昆明市环保局
环科院
环科院
玉溪市环保局
曲靖市环保局
师宗县环保局
师宗县环保局
楚雄州环保局
文山州环境保护局
文山市环境保护局
文山市环境保护局
西畴县环境保护局
麻栗坡县环境保护局
马关县环境保护局
富宁县环境保护局
广南县环境保护局
红河州环保局
红河州环保局
蒙自市环保局
自然生态处长
生态中心副主任
高工
科长
科长
科长
驾驶员
科长
科长
局长
科长
股长
股长
股长
股长
股长
副局长
驾驶员
自然生态科长
13987104208
13888021633
15887289721
18087771555
13769750199
13577399096
15974799810
13908764388
13887639050
13628764387
13887666973
13577626748
15394998179
15008821199
13628764387
13808776346
13887382329
所在州
市
昭通市
临沧市
普洱市
西双版
纳州
州市、重点县环
保局名单
屏边县环保局
元阳县环保局
红河县环保局
金平县环保局
金平县环保局
绿春县环保局
河口县环保局
昭通市环保局
临沧市环保局
普洱市环保局
思茅区环保局
墨江县环保局
江城县环保局
西双版纳州环保
局
景洪市环保局
勐腊县环保局
德宏州环保局
德宏州
大理州环保局
大理州
保山市
怒江州
丽江市
迪庆州
大理市环保局
云龙县环保局
宾川县环保局
剑川县环保局
鹤庆县环保局
洱源县环保局
保山市环保局
姓名
单位
职务
联系电话
杨雪莲
孟国燕
李梅
石磊
翁明
王健
黄正斌
张选碧
石和梅
王 冰
毕 波
徐 平
刘祯红
李芳明
屏边县环保局
元阳县环保局
红河县环保局
金平县环保局
金平县环保局
绿春县环保局
河口县环保局
昭通市环保局
临沧市环保局
普洱市环保局
普洱市思茅区环保局
普洱市墨江县环保局
普洱市镇沅县环保局
普洱市江城县环保局
西双版纳州环境保护
局
景洪市环境保护局
勐腊县环境保护局
德宏州环保局
芒市环境保护局
盈江县环保局
瑞丽市环保局
自然生态科长
自然生态科长
自然生态科长
自然生态科长
驾驶员
自然生态科长
自然生态科长
自然生态科长
科长
生态科副科长
生态股股长
生态股股长
生态股股长
生态股股长
15925380783
13769389588
18987330096
13408964957
自然生态科科长
13887915355
自然生态股科员
自然生态股股长
自然生态科科长
副局长
法规宣教股股长
办公室干部
13988111597
13368811117
13988264925
13908820036
13988255196
13987026489
王 东
罗 蒂
龚尚林
赵新建
李静
李金发
包槟槟
杨国威
闫吉光
杨晓燕
董立宾
赵宽跃
冯宝生
杨训琴
李明彦
熊丽珍
李莉华
李姜
广七妞
万志双
叶 游
张 玮
李映鹏
熊平
杨四花
赵国忠
马丛芬
和国富
隆阳区环保局
腾冲县环保局
怒江州环保局
泸水县环保局
福贡县环保局
贡山县环保局
兰坪县环保局
丽江市环保局
古城区环保局
玉龙县环保局
宁蒗县环保局
迪庆州环保局
香格里拉县环保
程汉鹤
局
大理州环保局
主任科员
13887388675
13769392715
13988318872
13466172996
15087909639
13769900399
15925251435
15125667159
13887299408
大理市环保局
云龙县环保局
宾川县环保局
剑川县环保局
鹤庆县环保局
洱源县环保局
保山市环保局
保山市环保局
隆阳区环保局
腾冲县环保局
怒江州环境保护局
泸水县环境保护局
福贡县环境保护局
贡山县环境保护局
兰坪县环保保护局
丽江市环保局
古城区环保局
玉龙县环保局
宁蒗县环保局
迪庆州环保局
主任科员
生态股长
生态股长
生态股长
主任科员
生态股长
自然生态科科长
负责科员
科长
科长
科长
科员
股长
办事员
股长
科长
科员
局长
办公室副主任
科员
15087286313
15887363172
13368728058
13368728058
13887228768
15187234523
13708751089
13238650168
13987511507
13887820155
13988669229
13508861221
18908863548
13988611184
13508863337
13988818026
13908884335
13013384054
15126088335
13988765749
香格里拉县环保局
技术人员
13320433233
所在州
市
州市、重点县环
姓名
保局名单
德钦县环保局
李雪松
维西县环保局
和一中
单位
职务
联系电话
德钦县环境保护局
维西县环保局
技术人员
局长
13988785265
13988712346
CLASS 3(b) ATTENDEES
所在州 自然保护
市
区名称
轿子山
昆明市
玉溪市
级别
姓名
国家
赵枝旺
熊光锦
李国松
白波
张耀
元江
哀牢山
国家
国家
富源十八
连山
省级
会泽黑颈
鹤
国家
代红炀
包玉标
海峰
省级
珠江源
紫溪山
省级
省级
楚雄州 广通雕翎
山
文山
省级
磷化集团
段志强
林盛
曲靖市
单位
谢靖
何浩
任权
李祖文
郑晓华
刘洪明
杨永文
王标祥
省级
13577466627
15398745109
13769735333
办公室主任
副场长
林区主任
驾驶员
15087409679
15288009060
13769505801
13769286973
13578404467
13987860133
马关老君山保护区管理局
副局长
13095383666
刘洪良
马关古林箐省级自然保护
区管理局
副场长
18987624698
张贵良
大围山河口管理局
白松民
大围山河口管理局
自然生态科
长
驾驶员
国家
卢楚雄
大山包黑颈鹤
科员
15925076953
国家
刘睿
何明超
科员
保护工作人
员
18287030202
国家
乌蒙山
药山国家级自然保护区管
理局
国家
李小平
永德大雪山
股长
13578431496
国家
李和斌
局长
13578432767
南捧河
省级
何映成
南滚河
南捧河省级自然保护区管
理局
主任
13988323034
无量山
国家
所 长
13508790753
糯扎渡
省级
管理员
13759038776
保护负责人
13769907255
永德大雪
山
临沧市 南滚河
省级
13618846238
13577675238
药山
伙国勇
13577020406
15925175484
13987758787
13987760430
13988934722
所长
大山包
黑颈鹤
昭通市 乌蒙山
省级
处长
副科长
副局长
科员
所长
专业技术人
员
13887639661
红河州 大围山
罗跃忠
电话
局长
麻栗坡老
山
文山州
马关老君
山
马关古林
箐
国家
会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保
护区管理局
会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保
护区管理局
会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保
护区管理局
沾益县林业局
沾益县林业局
沾益县旅游局
紫溪山
广通雕翎山
广通雕翎山
广通雕翎山
文山国家级自然保护区管
理局老君山分局
麻栗坡老山省级自然保护
区管理局
职务
国家
徐崇华
普洱市
胡玉芳
郭建明
云南太阳河省级自然保护
区管理局科研所
云南省糯扎渡自然保护区
思茅管理所
澜沧县林业局（糯扎渡保
13649606556
15287095575
所在州 自然保护
市
区名称
级别
姓名
周 亦
威远江
省级
饶兴良
孟连竜山
省级
叶罕根
西双版纳
国家
郭贤明
纳版河
国家
普文才
德宏州 铜壁关
国家
无量山
国家
云龙天池
国家
苍山洱海
国家
剑湖湿地
永平金光
寺
高黎贡山
保山市 小黑山
北海湿地
高黎贡山
怒江州
兰坪云岭
泸沽湖
丽江市 拉市海
玉龙雪山
省级
张林源
杨连华
省级
王永兴
国家
省级
省级
国家
省级
省级
省级
省级
白马雪山
国家
迪庆州 纳帕海
碧塔海
哈巴雪山
省级
省级
省级
施晓春
胡兴润
张蔚
杨菊芬
赵娟钧
李金明
和云峰
和国新
唐辉美
格桑
李玉英
杨荣
木珊
西双版
纳州
张友兵
大理州
林丽鸿
时国彩
李懋芬
张永寿
张琦波
李宁波
单位
职务
电话
所 长
13987092507
驾驶员
13769906281
所 长
13987924116；
[email protected]
科研所副所
长
13988136926
高级工程师
13988183456
主任
18908822018
所长
18608829660
工程师
工程师
副局长
驾驶员
13988523651
15894503385
18087299833
负责人
13987256592
副站长
助理工程师
13769220317
13577851988
野保办主任
13988511369
怒江州林业局
兰坪县林业局
科长
副高
所长
女
女
13887807098
13887834479
13648754372
13988632262
13988658000
13988845971
13988896662
18908878843
13988760216
纳帕海
碧塔海
哈巴雪山
副局长
局长
技术人员
助工
技术人员
技术人员
技术人员
护区澜沧片区）
云南威远江省级自然保护
管理所
云南威远江省级自然保护
管理所
孟连县林业局（竜山保护
区）
西双版纳州国家级自然保
护局管理局
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