DBQ - Age of Exploration
DBQ: The European Age of Exploration Name ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Date !! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration Historical Context:! Until about 1450, Europe was mostly cut off and isolated from the Silk Roads. Without access to the wealth, trade goods, technologies, and ideas that travelled from China, India, the Middle East, and North Africa, Europeans lived in the “Dark Ages.” This meant that the European economy was based on agriculture alone (Manor System), European politics were decentralized (Feudalism), and life was poor and hard for the majority of people. The only cultural unity and comfort provided to Europeans came from the Catholic Church, which established common religious laws and gave people hope in salvation. ! ! A few events began to change the direction of European history and eventually allow Europeans to dominate global trade. The first was the Black Death, or the Plague, which came to Europe through trade routes in 1348. While at first this caused an obsession with death (gothic culture) and was devastating to the European population, in the long-term this disease actually allowed survivors a better standard of living. Wages and salaries rose as survivors had less competition for jobs. The next major turning point was the Fall of Constantinople (or the Fall of the Byzantine Empire) in 1453, when the Ottoman Empire (Islamic) invaded. While at first this represented a huge defeat for Christianity and blocked off Europe from any access it had to the Silk Roads, in the long-term it would force Europeans to find wealth somewhere else.! ! Up until 1453 only the city-states of the Italian Peninsula had any access to the wealth and trade of the Silk Roads. After 1453 it would be up to innovative and risk-taking adventurers to bring Europe out of the Dark Ages and into a Golden Age (the Renaissance). The series of voyages and expeditions made by Europeans to link Europe to the global trade and wealth of the east would be known as The Age of Exploration. ! ! ! ! The following question is based on the accompanying documents in Part A. As you analyze the ! Directions: take into account both the source of the document and the author’s point of view. Be sure to: ! documents, ! !1. Carefully read the document-based questions. Consider what you already know about the topic. How ! would you answer the question if you had no documents to examine? !! ! 2. Now, read each document carefully, underlining key phrases and words that address the document! ! based question. Organize information into the T-charts provided while looking through each document. ! 3. Based on your own knowledge, and on the information found in the documents, formulate a thesis ! statement that directly answers the document-based question. !! ! 4. Decide what categories you will focus on to answer the question. Organize supportive and relevant ! ! information into these categories. ! 5. Write a well-organized essay proving your thesis. The essay should be logically presented and should ! include information both from the documents and from your own knowledge outside of the documents. DBQ: The European Age of Exploration What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? ! What do you know already about these topics? Brainstorm below:! ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Part A: Examine each document carefully, and take notes on any information that answers the above questions. Some documents may not have information to answer both questions. It’s up to you to extract as much information from these documents as you can.! ________________________________________________________________________________! ! Document 1! Source: Historian John P. McKay describes the impact of the Fall of Constantinople (1453) on Europe and the role it played in causing the Age of Exploration in A History of Western Society 10th ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011).! ! ! By the mid-sixteenth century Ottomans controlled the sea trade in the eastern Mediterranean, Syria, ! Palestine, Egypt, and the rest of North Africa, and their power extended into Europe as far west as ! Vienna. ! ! ! Ottoman expansion frightened Europeans. The Ottoman armies seemed nearly invincible and the ! ! empire’s desire for expansion limitless. In France in the sixteenth century, twice as many books ! were printed about the Turkish threat as about the American discoveries. The strength of the ! Ottomans helps explain some of the missionary fervor Christians brought to new territories. It also ! raised economic concerns. With trade routes to the east in the hands of the Ottomans, Europeans ! needed to find new trade routes. ! ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 2! Source: A map of the Ottoman Empire and its growth after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. From Elisabeth Gaynor Ellis and Anthony Esler, World History: Connections to Today (Prentice Hall). ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 3! Source: A map of exploration routes coming from Portugal. Rulers of Portugal began to fund voyages of exploration under the rule of Prince Henry, “The Navigator,” a nickname earned for his interest in new navigation technologies he brought to Europe from the Arab world. From Civilization in the West published by Pearson Education. Found at ablongman.com.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! ! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 4! Source: An excerpt from the journal of Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer who led voyages funded by the monarchs of Spain in 1492. Columbus sailed west from Spain in order to reach India while avoiding Africa. He died believing his men discovered a westward route to India, but in fact, landed in the Caribbean. Medieval History Sourcebook: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ columbus1.asp! Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians, and princes who love and promote the holy Christian faith, and are enemies of the doctrine of Mahomet [Mohammed], and of all idolatry and heresy, determined to send me, Christopher Columbus, to the above-mentioned countries of India, to see the said princes, people, and territories, and to learn their disposition and the proper method of converting them to our holy faith; and furthermore directed that I should not proceed by land to the East, as is customary, but by a Westerly route, in which direction we have hitherto no certain evidence that any one has gone. So after having expelled the Jews from your dominions, your Highnesses, in the same month of January, ordered me to proceed with a sufficient armament to the said regions of India, and for that purpose granted me great favors, and ennobled me that thenceforth I might call myself Don, and be High Admiral of the Sea, and perpetual Viceroy and Governor in all the islands and continents which I might discover and acquire, or which may hereafter he discovered and acquired in the ocean. What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 5! Source: Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer sent by the Kings of Portugal to find a sea route to India. In 1497 his boats rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached Calicut (Calcutta), India on May 20, 1498. Excerpt from da Gama’s journal from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/ 1497degama.asp! 1498. Calicut. [Arrival.] That night (May 20) we anchored two leagues from the city of Calicut… ! On the following day (May 22) these same boats came alongside, when the captain-major sent one of the convicts to Calicut, and those with whom he went took him to two Moors (Muslims) from Tunis, who could speak Castilian and Genoese. The first greeting that he received was in these words: “May the Devil take thee! What brought you hither?” They asked what he sought so far way from home, and he told them that we came in search of Christians and of spices. They said: “Why does not the King of Castile, the King of France, or the Signoria of Venice send thither?” He said that the King of Portugal would not consent to their doing so, and they said he did the right thing. After this conversation they took him to their lodgings and gave him wheaten bread and honey. When he had eaten and returned to the ships, accompanied by one of the Moors, who was no sooner on board, then he said these words: “A lucky venture, a lucky venture! Plenty of rubies, plenty of emeralds! You owe great thanks to God, for having brought you to a country holding such riches!” We were greatly astonished to hear his talk, for we never expected to hear our language spoken so far away from Portugal. ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 6! Source: After Columbus’s voyage of 1492, rulers throughout Europe began to fund voyages of exploration. Below is a map of the notable voyages of the era and the territories each country acquired. A History of Western Society 10th ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011).! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 7! Source: The Moneylender and His Wife, by Quentin Massys, was painted in 1514 in the Netherlands. The Age of Exploration brought new wealth to Europe and gave rise to new institutions, like banks, that would regulate the expanding economy. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 8! Source: “England’s Treasure by Forrain Trade,” written in 1664 by Thomas Mun, an English economist and mercantilist, describes the positive effects the Age of Exploration had on political centralization and power in Europe. The spelling is true to 17th century English. Modern History Sourcebook: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1664mun-engtrade.asp! ! ! Behold then the true form and worth of forraign trade, which is The great Revenue of the King, The honour of the Kingdom, The Noble profession of the Merchant, The School of our Arts, The supply of our wants, The employment of our poor, The improvement of our Lands, The Nurcery of our Mariners, The walls of the Kingdoms, The means of our Treasure, The Sinnews of our wars, The terror of our Enemies. For all which great and weighty reasons, do so many well-governed States highly countenance the profession, and carefully cherish the action, not only with Policy to encrease it, but also with power to protect it from all forraign injuries; because they know it is a Principal in Reason of State to maintain and defend that which doth Support them and their estates.! ! ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 9! Source: As European countries established colonies around the world, an exchange of trade goods across the Atlantic Ocean came to replace the Silk Roads. The trans-Atlantic trade network was known as the Columbian Exchange, after Christopher Columbus. ! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Document 10! Source: Christopher Farman “The Ocean Adventurers,” found in Voyages of Discovery! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! ! Document 11:! Source: Geoffery Cowley “The Great Disease Migration,” Newsweek 118 (Fall–Winter 1991): 54! What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? !! !! !! !! !! !! !! What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Now it’s time to go back and reread your notes from each of the 11 documents. Categorize main ideas into categories.! ! ! ! ! ! • Political - having to do with the governments of Europe and their decisions related to the Age of Exploration! • Social - having to do with the way people lived their lives during this time (perhaps both in Europe and in the New World); culture and traditions, roles of men and women, children, etc.! • Economic - having to do with making money, creating trade and developing new businesses during the Age of Exploration! • Environmental - having to do with the land itself; how the geography of the land provided or limited the Age of Exploration! I suggest organizing your information into a chart like the one below. You may need more space for more supporting information from more of the documents.! Analytical Category: Political Factors! ! Main Idea(s): Document #____ ! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration Analytical Category: Social Factors! ! Main Idea(s): Document #____ ! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration Analytical Category: Economic Factors! ! Main Idea(s): Document #____ ! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Analytical Category: Environmental Factors! ! Main Idea(s): Document #____ ! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! Document #____! ! Supporting points of information (connected to the main idea)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration What were the causes of the Age of Explora4on? What were the effects of the Age of Explora4on? ! Thesis Statement:! ! Which of the above two questions will you focus on for your essay? Choose one now after completing your research and copy it below:! ! ________________________________________________________________________________! ! Answer the above question in one sentence. This is your thesis statement.! ! • It should have either the word “causes” (or a synonym) or “effects” (or a synonym).! • It should identify at least three factors (political, social, economic, environmental) to answer • the focus question! It should NOT have any pronouns like “I” or “we” or possessives like “my” or “mine”! ! ________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Hook:! ! This should be something interesting that leads the reader to your thesis statement. It could be historical background information on the Age of Exploration; It could be a definition or quote; it could be an interesting narrative story or comparison. You decide!! Example:! ! ! The world today is a globalized one; people and products travel around the world everyday. A single pair shoes may have parts from 6 different countries, put together in one specific country, and shipped to many other countries to be sold in stores. In a way, trade has always been moving towards globalization. However, there was one key event that ushered in a new modern age for travel and trade; and that era was the Age of Exploration. ! Ideas for your hook (brainstorm some ideas):! ! • ______________________________________________________________________________________! ! • ______________________________________________________________________________________! ! • ______________________________________________________________________________________! ! • ______________________________________________________________________________________! ! Now write it out in full sentence form…! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Thesis statement Round 2:! Think about your thesis. Is there anything you’d like to change before you write your essay?! Example:! ! The Age of Exploration began in Europe because of new navigational technology developed during the Renaissance, influential leaders who valued exploration and the fact that traditional, land routes to Asia were no longer available for trade. ! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ________________________________________________________________________________________! ! ! ! Body Paragraphs:! ! Identify the three reasons you took the position you did for this persuasive essay. Be sure to provide enough evidence from your research to be convincing. Plan your paragraphs out well to be sure you are able to write in perfect paragraph form - topic sentence, supporting sentences, concluding sentence.! ! ! ! Body Paragraph #1! ! Main idea for my topic sentence:! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! Supporting points (evidence, examples, facts, details) for my supporting sentences”! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Body Paragraph #2! ! Main idea for my topic sentence:! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! Supporting points (evidence, examples, facts, details) for my supporting sentences”! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! ! ! Body Paragraph #3! ! Main idea for my topic sentence:! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! Supporting points (evidence, examples, facts, details) for my supporting sentences”! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Conclusion:! ! Your conclusion should wrap everything up and remind your reader that your position on the topic is the only right choice. ! ! To do this, first rewrite your thesis statement; you can say the same thing, just not in the same way.! Example:! ! Thesis:! The Age of Exploration began in Europe because of new navigational technology developed during the Renaissance, influential leaders who valued exploration and the fact that traditional, land routes to Asia were no longer available for trade.! ! Reworded Thesis:! If not for the development of navigational technologies, the values of important leaders and the need for new trade routes to Asia, the Age of Exploration would not have occurred. Then summarize the supporting ideas from your body paragraphs (look at your main idea for topic sentences in the previous section:! ! • ______________________________________________________________________________________! ! • ______________________________________________________________________________________! ! • __________________________________________________________________________! ! ! A closing statement that includes your opinion or a connection to a big idea about democracy! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! ____________________________________________________________________________! ! ! Now write your essay!!!!! ! • In a Google Doc (font size 12, double spaced)! ! • Title of Doc: Age of Exploration - Final Essay - Your Name! ! • Title of your essay - be creative and create something unique to your essay (at the top center of the document)! DBQ: The European Age of Exploration ! Your essay will be marked out of 25. Each row is marked out of 5 Aspect of your wri/ng Snapshot MEANING IN YOUR PARAGRAPHS ! • purpose • ideas and informa/on Minimally Meets Expecta/ons (3) The wri(ng presents some connected informa(on; accomplishes the basic purpose or task. O=en does not flow smoothly. purpose is unclear; wri4ng is unfocused purpose is clear; may lose focus purpose is clear; focus is generally sustained informa4on is o=en inaccurate, incomplete, copied, or from an inappropriate source inappropriate,trivial,or simplis4c details • use of detail • use of sources generaliza4ons or conclusions omiAed, illogical, inappropriate WRITING STYLE ! • language is simple ! clarity, variety, liAle sentence variety; and impact of o=en awkward language FORM/STRUCTURE ! Not Yet Within Expecta/ons (1 -‐ 2) The wri(ng consists of loosely connected informa(on; fragmented and difficult to follow. • introduc/on • organiza/on • conclusion does not clearly iden4fy purpose, topic, and subtopics iden4fies purpose and topic conclusion is simple or predictable clearly iden4fies purpose, topics, subtopics individual paragraphs or sec4ons are well-‐ organized; overall sequence and transi4ons may be ineffec4ve in places logical conclusion; tries to create impact appropriate graphics, visuals, and required graphics, visuals, text features are included but appropriate graphics, and text features omiAed flawed visuals, and text features or inappropriate are clear and complete CONVENTIONS ! • • • • complete sentences spelling punctua/on grammar frequent errors in simple errors in basic words and words and structures structures are no4ceable, but do o=en interfere with not obscure meaning meaning some evidence of edi4ng and resembles a rough dra=; proofreading errors are not corrected ! The purpose and focus are effec4ve and sustained informa4on is generally relevant and accurate; may be vague or informa4on is accurate, from limited sources complete, from appropriate informa4on is accurate and complete; may use source(s) mul4ple sources some relevant examples and details specific relevant examples, uses specific relevant details examples and details to may overgeneralize or omit elaborate and clarify generaliza4ons or conclusions some generaliza4ons and conclusions logical insights, generaliza4ons, and conclusions clear and direct language; few clear and varied language; language is clear, varied, specialized terms some specialized terms and specific; uses specialized terms some sentence variety variety of sentences flows smoothly; effec4ve sentences related material is grouped together, but transi4ons and lacks organiza4on; o=en paragraphing are weak (reads like one paragraph of loosely a list, leaving reader to make related details and connec4ons) examples conclusion is missing or inappropriate Fully Meets Expecta/ons Exceeds Expecta/ons (4) (5) The wri(ng is clear, The wri(ng is clear, detailed, and well-‐ complete, and organized; accomplishes focused; effec(vely the purpose or task. accomplishes the purpose or task, and may engage the reader. ! errors in more complex language are some4mes no4ceable, but meaning is clear carefully edited and proofread establishes and engages interest in purpose, topics, subtopics effec4vely organized; paragraphs or sec4ons are well-‐developed, logically sequenced, and joined by transi4ons conclusion is strong and has an impact appropriate graphics, visuals, and text features are clear and effec4ve may include occasional errors where the writer is taking risks with complex language; these do not interfere with meaning effec4vely edited and proofread
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