Find this and related slide shows on ArchiMate and TOGAF on this page http://grahamberrisford.com/AM%201%20Methods/6PRODUCTSandTECHNIQUES/AM%20products%20and%20techniques.htm Avancier ArchiMate and TOGAF Core concepts Symbols (boxes & lines) Concept framework Relations 1. order and derivation 2. grouping 3. realisation Diagram types To avoid misunderstandings you should read also “Core concepts” and “Concept framework” shows EA models the enterprise as a system that is stateful and eventdriven. System elements are interrelated. Events trigger changes to system state and/or the provision of services to external entities. Diagram types Explanatory comments Challenging comments Mapping ArchiMate diagrams to TOGAF diagram definitions Including diagrams and definitions edited from the ArchiMate 2.1 standard. Copyright © The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website ArchiMate v 2.1 says Avancier ► "TOGAF and ArchiMate can easily be used in conjunction“ ► Yes. ► But the standard doesn’t make the diagram to diagram correspondences clear. ► (And you should read the “Unified/ArchiMate Modelling Language” slide show after this.) Training at http://avancier.website This slide show Avancier TOGAF/AM Vision diagrams Business Footprint ► maps ■ each diagram (bar one) in the ArchiMate v2.1 standard to ■ a diagram definition in the TOGAF 9.1 “artefact taxonomy”. ► It also provides a reasonable illustration of most of the TOGAF 9.1 diagram definitions ► but they could well be illustrated by other kinds of diagram. TOGAF/AM Business diagrams Business Use-case Process Flow Business Service/Information Functional Decomposition Organization Decomposition TOGAF/AM Data diagrams Conceptual Data (aka business data model) TOGAF/AM Application diagrams Application Use Case Application Communication Process/Application Realization Software Engineering TOGAF/AM Technology diagrams Platform Decomposition Processing Network Computing Hardware Training at http://avancier.website ArchiMate equivalent Introductory Viewpoint, Layered Viewpoint ArchiMate equivalent Product Viewpoint, Service Realization Viewpoint Business Process Co-operation Viewpoint Business Process Viewpoint Business Function Viewpoint Organization Viewpoint, Actor Co-operation Viewpoint ArchiMate equivalent Information Structure Viewpoint ArchiMate equivalent Application Usage Viewpoint Application Co-operation Viewpoint Application Usage Viewpoint, Application Behavior Viewpoint Application Structure Viewpoint ArchiMate equivalent Infrastructure Viewpoint Infrastructure Usage Viewpoint Implementation and Deployment Viewpoint ArchiMate diagram examples ► ► ► ► ► Context Business Data Applications Infrastructure Avancier Environment Business layer Application layer Technology layer TOGAF/AM Vision diagrams Business Footprint ArchiMate equivalent Introductory Viewpoint, Layered Viewpoint Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Business Footprint Diagram ► describes the links between business goals, organizational units, business functions, and services, ► maps these functions to the technical components delivering the required capability. ► provides a clear traceability between a technical component and the business goal that it satisfies ► demonstrates ownership of the services identified. ► demonstrates only the key facts linking organization unit functions to delivery services and is utilized as a communication platform for senior-level (CxO) stakeholders. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Cf. Business footprint diagram ArchiMate: Introductory Viewpoint ► Stakeholders: Enterprise architects, managers ► Concerns: Make design choices visible, convince stakeholders Note this arrow does not have the proper ArchiMate meaning, so the diagram is a cartoon Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Cf. Business footprint diagram ArchiMate: Layered Viewpoint ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, application, infrastructure, and domain architects ► Concerns: Consistency, reduction of complexity, impact of change, flexibility Look like application services rather than platform services Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier No corresponding definition in TOGAF? ArchiMate: Landscape Map Viewpoint ► Stakeholders: Enterprise architects, top managers: CEO, CIO ► Concerns: Readability, management and reduction of complexity, comparison of alternatives Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier ArchiMate diagram examples ► ► ► ► ► Context Business Data Applications Infrastructure Avancier Environment Business layer usually a human activity system, with people/actors playing roles in processes Application layer Technology layer Training at http://avancier.website Business architects are concerned with the structure and behaviour of human activity systems. Business architecture diagrams in ADM Phase B TOGAF/AM Business diagrams Business Use-case Process Flow Business Service/Information Functional Decomposition Organization Decomposition Avancier ArchiMate equivalent Product Viewpoint, Service Realization Viewpoint Business Process Co-operation Viewpoint Business Process Viewpoint Business Function Viewpoint Organization Viewpoint, Actor Co-operation Viewpoint Aim Business Event or Service Business Process Data Entity Business Function Activity Organisation Role Training at http://avancier.website Actor TOGAF: Business Use-case Diagram ► displays the relationships between consumers and providers of business services. ► Business services are consumed by actors or other business services ► The diagram provides added richness in describing business capability by illustrating how and when that capability is used. ► The purpose is to help to describe and validate the interaction between actors and their roles to processes and functions. ► As architecture progresses, use-cases can evolve from the business level to include data, application, and technology details. ► Architectural business use-cases can also be reData Entity used in systems design work. Find UML examples on the web! Aim Business Event or Service Business Process Business Function Activity Organisation Role Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Actor This example is a kin to a Business Use Case diagram ArchiMate: Product Viewpoint Avancier ► Stakeholders: Product developers, product managers, process and domain architects ► Concerns: Product development, value offered by the products of the enterprise Product used by Actor Better Role than Actor Product defined as a group of services, supported by business (information) object Subtype product extends super type Training at http://avancier.website Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. ArchiMate: Service Realization Viewpoint Cf. Business Scenario or Use Case diagram Avancier ► Stakeholders: Process and domain architects, product and operational managers ► Concerns: Added-value of business processes, consistency and completeness, responsibilities Role Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Role uses Service Service realised by Process Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Process Flow Diagram Avancier ► to depict all models and mappings related to the process metamodel entity. ► show sequential flow of control between activities ► may utilize swimlane techniques to represent ownership and realization of process steps. can be used to detail the ■ controls that apply to a process, ■ events that trigger or result from of a process ■ products generated from process execution. ► useful in elaborating the architecture with subject specialists, as they allow the specialist to describe ‘‘how the job is done’’ for a particular function. ► each process step can become a more fine-grained function and can then in turn be elaborated as a Data Entity process. Aim Business Event or Service Business Process Business Function Activity Organisation Role Training at http://avancier.website Actor Cf. Process flow diagram ArchiMate: Business Process Co-operation Viewpoint ► Stakeholders: Process and domain architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Dependencies between business processes, consistency and completeness, responsibilities Role uses Service Service realised by Process Service used by Process Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Note on process granularity and logic Avancier ► ArchiMate standard diagrams show straight-thru processes ► The symbols may show coarse-grained processes/steps/activities Organise conference Manage event Run conference Process comments ► And/or fine-grained processes/steps/activities Apply for seat Book seat Apply for seat Obtain booking form Complete form Check application Put form in letter box ► But the notation is not designed to show process logic Training at http://avancier.website Accept booking Graphical symbols for business rules and logic 1 Process flow rules: conditions and parallel paths Avancier [No] Drink coffee UML activity diagram notation Cup empty [Yes] Get up Got to work Do crossword Complete [Yes] [No] ArchiMate (note solid arrow head) (not empty] Drink coffee [empty] Get up Got to work Do crossword [complete] (incomplete] Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Business Service/Information Diagram Avancier ► shows the information needed to support one or more business services. ► shows what data is consumed by or produced by a business service and may also show the source of information. ► shows an initial representation of the information present within the architecture and therefore forms a basis for elaboration and refinement within Phase C (Data Architecture). Aim Business Event or Service Business Process Data Entity Business Function Activity Organisation Role Training at http://avancier.website Actor ArchiMate: Business Process Viewpoint Cf. Business Service/Information Diagram Avancier ► Stakeholders: Process and domain architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Structure of business processes, consistency and completeness, responsibilities Transition arrow This access arrow shows direction of flow (not access) Note: process rather than function symbol Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Functional Decomposition Diagram Avancier ► to show on a single page the capabilities of an organization that are relevant to the consideration of an architecture. ► By examining the capabilities of an organization from a functional perspective, it is possible to quickly develop models of what the organization does without being dragged into extended debate on how the organization does it. Aim ► Once a basic Functional Decomposition diagram has been developed, it becomes possible to layer heatmaps on top of this diagram to show scope and decisions. ► For example, the capabilities to be implemented in Data Entity different phases of a change program. Business Event or Service Business Process Business Function Activity Organisation Role Training at http://avancier.website Actor ArchiMate: Business Function Viewpoint Could show goods and service flows between logical business functions ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, and domain architects ► Concerns: Identification of competencies, identification of main activities, reduction of complexity Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier TOGAF: Organization Decomposition Diagram Avancier ► describes the links between actor, roles, and location within an organization tree. ► should provide a chain of command of owners and decision-makers in the organization. ► Although it is not the intent to link goal to organization, it should be possible to intuitively link the goals to the stakeholders from the Organization Decomposition diagram. Aim Business Event or Service Business Process Data Entity Business Function Activity Organisation Role Training at http://avancier.website Actor ArchiMate: Organization Viewpoint Organisation decomposition Or management structure ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process and domain architects, managers, employees, shareholders ► Concerns: Identification of competencies, authority, and responsibilities Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Actor = Org Unit ArchiMate: Actor Co-operation Viewpoint Could show goods and service flows between physical org units ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, and domain architects ► Concerns: Relationships of actors with their environment Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier ArchiMate diagram examples ► ► ► ► ► Context Business Data Applications Infrastructure Avancier Environment External entities and activities Business entities and events Business layer Application layer Digital data The data architect is concerned with data at rest, data in motion, and data qualities (meta data) Technology layer TOGAF/AM Data diagrams Conceptual Data (aka business data model) ArchiMate equivalent Information Structure Viewpoint Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Conceptual Data Diagram (aka business data model) ► to depict the relationships between critical data entities within the enterprise. ► developed to address the concerns of business stakeholders. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier ArchiMate: Information Structure Viewpoint A strange kind of Business Data Model Avancier ► Stakeholders: Domain and information architects ► Concerns: Structure and dependencies of the used data and information, consistency and completeness Redundant relationship? Application data object Naive use of aggregation Business object Data object realises abstract business object Abstraction of paper form Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website ArchiMate diagram examples ► ► ► ► ► Context Business Data Applications Infrastructure Avancier Environment Business layer Application layer contains digital information systems Technology layer TOGAF/AM Application diagrams Application Use Case Application Communication Process/Application Realization Software Engineering ArchiMate equivalent Application Usage Viewpoint Application Co-operation Viewpoint Application Usage Viewpoint, Application Behavior Viewpoint Application Structure Viewpoint Training at http://avancier.website Applications architects focus on business apps, inc. rationalisation integration applications road map TOGAF: Application Use Case Diagram Find UML examples on the web! ► displays the relationships between consumers and providers of application services. ► Application services are consumed by actors or other application services and the Application Use-Case diagram provides added richness in describing application functionality by illustrating how and when that functionality is used. ► to help to describe and validate the interaction between actors and their roles with applications. ► As the architecture progresses, the use-case can evolve from functional information to include technical realization detail. ► Application use-cases can also be re-used in more detailed systems design work. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Cf. Application Use Case diagram ArchiMate: Application Usage Viewpoint Avancier ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, and application architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Consistency and completeness, reduction of complexity Business process Process uses App Service Service realised by Component Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. 1 component provides > 1 service Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Application Communication Diagram ► to depict all models and mappings related to communication between applications in the metamodel entity. ► shows application components and interfaces between components. ► Interfaces may be associated with data entities where appropriate. ► Applications may be associated with business services where appropriate. ► Communication should be logical and should only show intermediary technology where it is architecturally relevant.. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier ArchiMate: Application Co-operation Viewpoint Cf. Application communication diagram ► Stakeholders: Enterprise , process, application, and domain architects ► Concerns: Relationships and dependencies between applications, orchestration/choreography of services, consistency and completeness, reduction of complexity Used by Could be data flow? Composed of Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier You can find plenty of UML sequence diagram examples on the web TOGAF: Process/Application Realization Diagram ► to clearly depict the sequence of events when multiple applications are involved in executing a business process. ► enhances the Application Communication diagram by augmenting it with any sequencing constraints, and hand-off points between batch and real-time processing. ► It would identify complex sequences that could be simplified, and identify possible rationalization points in the architecture in order to provide more timely information to business users. It may ► also identify process efficiency improvements that may reduce interaction traffic between applications. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Cf. Process/Application Realization diagram. Or Application Use Case diagram? ArchiMate: Application Usage Viewpoint Avancier ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, and application architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Consistency and completeness, reduction of complexity Business process Process uses App Service Service realised by Component Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. 1 component provides > 1 service Training at http://avancier.website Cf. Process/Application Realization diagram? ArchiMate: Application Behavior Viewpoint Avancier ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, application, and domain architects ► Concerns: Structure, relationships and dependencies between applications, consistency and completeness, reduction of complexity A kin to a use case header In the application domain, process step shown using function symbol Function accesses data Service realised by Process Transition arrow Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Software Engineering Diagram ► breaks applications into packages, modules, services, and operations from a development perspective. ► enables more detailed impact analysis when planning migration stages, and analyzing opportunities and solutions. ► ideal for application development teams and application management teams when managing complex development environments. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier ArchiMate: Application Structure Viewpoint Cf. SW engineering OR Application communication diagrams Avancier ► Stakeholders: Enterprise, process, application, and domain architects ► Concerns: Application structure, consistency and completeness, reduction of complexity Accesses data Provides interface Requires interface Could be used by or data flow? Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website ArchiMate diagram examples ► ► ► ► ► Context Business Data Applications Infrastructure Avancier Environment Business layer Application layer Technology layer contains infrastructure or platform applications used by business applications TOGAF/AM Technology diagrams Platform Decomposition Processing Network Computing Hardware Deployment of business applications to Platform applications, computers and networks Standardisation The technology road map ArchiMate equivalent Infrastructure Viewpoint Infrastructure Usage Viewpoint Implementation and Deployment Viewpoint Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF/AM: Platform Decomposition Diagram ► depicts the technology platform that supports the operations of the IS Architecture. ► covers all aspects of the infrastructure platform ► an overview of the enterprise’s technology platform ► can be expanded to map the technology platform to appropriate application components within a specific functional or process area. ► may show details such as product versions, number of CPUs, etc. ► or simply an informal ‘‘eye-chart’’ - an overview of the technical environment. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Load Balancer Load Balancer DR SAN Cf. Platform Decomposition Diagram ArchiMate: Infrastructure Viewpoint Avancier ► Stakeholders: Infrastructure architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Stability, security, dependencies, costs of the infrastructure Are these Services, Interfaces or Network Connections? Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF/AM: Processing Diagram ► focuses on deployable units of code/configuration and how these are deployed onto the technology platform. ► addresses the following: ■ Which set of application components need to be grouped to form a deployment unit ■ How one deployment unit connects/interacts with another (LAN, WAN, and the applicable protocols) ■ How application configuration and usage patterns generate load or capacity requirements for different technology components ► The organization of deployment units depends on separation concerns of the presentation, business logic, and data store layers and service-level requirements of the components. Training at http://avancier.website Avancier ArchiMate: Infrastructure Usage Viewpoint Cf. Processing diagram Avancier ► Stakeholders: Application, infrastructure architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Dependencies, performance, scalability Should be Interface? Looks redundant anyway? Application uses platform service Service realised by system software System Software (Platform App) Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website Ambiguities in basic terms and concepts Avancier ► There confusion between Service and Interface. ► Also between Process/Functions and Component Interface Service Data Object Location Process Component Read also Concept Framework slide show Training at http://avancier.website TOGAF: Network Computing Hardware Diagram ► to show the "as deployed" logical view of logical application components in a distributed network computing environment. ► The diagram is useful for the following reasons: ■ Enable understanding of which application is deployed where ■ Establishing authorization, security, and access to these technology components ■ Understand the Technology Architecture that support the applications during problem resolution and troubleshooting ■ Isolate performance problems encountered and perform necessary upgrade to specific physical technology components ■ Identify areas of optimization ■ Enable application/technology auditing and prove compliance ■ Serve as an important tool supporting effective change management Training at http://avancier.website Avancier Cf. Networked Computing Hardware Diagram ArchiMate: Implementation and Deployment Viewpoint Avancier ► Stakeholders: Application and infrastructure architects, operational managers ► Concerns: Dependencies, security, risks Several challenges to this diagram are listed in the Conceptual Framework slide show Copyright The Open Group, All Rights Reserved. ArchiMate is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Training at http://avancier.website EA domains and entities ► Avancier Methods are useful with all architecture frameworks that share similar domains and entities Avancier BCS E&SA reference model ArchiMate Language Framework TOGAF The Open Group Avancier Methods ► http://avancier.website CSC’s domains of change (POLDAT) IBM’s view EA “EA as Strategy” MIT You may share http://avancier.website as the link to this presentation If you want to share or show the pdf, then email [email protected] Training at http://avancier.website
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