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Electromagnetic Waves
Parts of a Wave
Examples of waves: seismic waves, ocean waves, sound waves, electromagnetic waves
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Medium ­ a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) that a wave can travel through. Pull
Wave ­ any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space.This disturbance repeats itself over a distance called the wavelength.
Electromagnetic waves ­ are simply waves that can travel through a vacuum; they do not require a medium
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Wavelength ­ the distance between 2 similar parts of a wave.
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Electromagnetic waves come from the sun. These waves are a result of charged particles that move at the speed of light.
STELLAR ENCOUNTERS: The energy is called electromagnetic because the waves have electrical and magnetic features. Pull
Frequency ­ the number of waves in an amount of time.
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7 types of EM wavelengths
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1. How can light teach us information about the stars? Since we are not able to travel to a star or take samples from a galaxy, we must depend on electromagnetic radiation to carry information to us from distant objects in space. The human eye is sensitive to a very small range of wavelengths called visible light. However, most objects in the universe radiate at wavelengths that our eyes cannot see. Astronomers use telescopes with detection devices that are sensitive to wavelengths other than visible light; this allows astronomers to study objects that emit this radiation, otherwise invisible to us. Computer techniques then code the light into arbitrary colors that we CAN see. The Hubble Space Telescope is able to measure wavelengths from about 0.1150 to 2 micrometers, a range that covers more than just visible light. These measurements of electromagnetic radiation enable astronomers to determine certain physical characteristics of objects, such as their temperature, composition, and velocity. Everyday examples of EM Waves:
Electromagnetic spectrum (increasing in wavelength and frequency)
1. Radio waves ­ used in TV, radios, and cellular phones
2. Microwaves ­ used in radar detectors, Doppler radar (weather) and microwaves
3. Infrared waves ­ used in night vision binoculars; detected as heat
4. Visible light ­ only wavelength that we can see (ROY G. BIV); red is longest wavelength and violet the shortest
5. Ultraviolet (UV light) ­ light carried by the sun causing sunburns.
6. X rays ­ intense waves that pass through many different materials; used to view bones.
7. Gamma rays ­ used to treat cancerous cells
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How Electromagnetic waves are used to study Space
7 Types of Electromagnetic Waves
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Radio waves ­ wavelength (skyscraper laid on its side)
There are telescopes (radio telescopes) that pick up these wavelengths and are used to study characteristics of stars and gases in space.
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Microwaves ­ wavelength (length of an insect)
Microwaves can be used to study the structure of nearby galaxies and communicate with satellites
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Infrared radiation ­ (length of the eye of a needle)
Instruments on satellites map the dust between stars.
Visible radiation ­ (length of a microorganism)
Used by astronomers to determine distance and the temperature of stars. 7 Types of Electromagnetic Waves
X­ray radiation ­ (length of an atom)
Hot gases in the Universe such as stars also emit X­rays . Astronomers are able to detect black holes, neutron stars, binary systems, and supernova remnants since they give off these waves.
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Ultraviolet radiation (length of a molecule)
Stars and other "hot" objects in space emit UV radiation. UV radiation can tell us how active a star is (how much energy it is burning).
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Gamma­ray radiation (length of the nuclei of an atom)
Gamma­rays allow astronomers to peer into the hearts of solar flares, supernovae, neutron stars, black holes, and active galaxies. 2