Amazing WWII Research Paper Scaffold
Name:_________________________ Class:______ Final Draft Due Date:________________________ Amazing WWII Research Paper Scaffold by Christine Green © 2014 Christine Green St. Brigid School Portland, Maine Calvin & Hobbes images © Bill Watterson 2 Contents Research Paper FAQs!......................................................................................4 My To-Do List & Due Dates!...............................................................................5 Parts of a Research Paper!................................................................................6 Research Paper Checklist & Rubric!..................................................................8 Topic Ideas!........................................................................................................10 My Topic and Questions!....................................................................................11 Master Source List!............................................................................................12 Research Grid for Subtopic #1!..........................................................................13 Research Grid for Subtopic #2!..........................................................................14 Research Grid for Subtopic #3!..........................................................................15 Research Grid for Subtopic #4!..........................................................................16 Research Grid for Subtopic #5!..........................................................................17 Introductory Paragraph and Thesis Statement!..................................................19 Body Paragraph #1!...........................................................................................20 Body Paragraph #2!...........................................................................................21 Body Paragraph #3!...........................................................................................22 Body Paragraph #4!...........................................................................................23 Body Paragraph #5!...........................................................................................24 Plagiarism!..........................................................................................................25 Parenthetical Citations!......................................................................................27 Conclusion!.........................................................................................................29 Rough Draft Checklist: Self-Evaluation!..............................................................30 Rough Draft Checklist: Peer Evaluation!............................................................31 Rough Draft Checklist: Adult Evaluation!............................................................32 The Works Cited Page!......................................................................................33 Formatting Your Paper!.......................................................................................34 Sample Formatted Paper!...................................................................................35 3 Research Paper FAQs ๏ When is it due? ______________________ ๏ What is the topic? ____________________________________________ ๏ How long does it have to be? _______________________ words ๏ Do the title, my name, Works Cited page, etc. count as part of the word count? (circle one) YES NO ๏ Does it have to be typed? (circle one) YES NO ๏ What are the four things I’ll staple together and pass in on the due date? 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ ๏ How many sources do I need? _____________________________ ๏ What kinds of sources can I use? 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ ๏ Where can I download a copy of this packet and get more information about the project? __________________________ 4 To-Do List & Due Dates ✓ Page Due Date Assignment for which you’ll be given a grade -- Do a little exploration of World War II in my book and online. This will help me choose a topic. -- Pick a topic and adjust it so it’s not too narrow or too broad. 9 Decide on and write down my research question. -- Have the teacher approve my question. -- Create five subtopics based on my question. 9 Have a parent sign to approve my research question. -- Complete the Searching activity (in computer class). -- Bring in one or more articles to use as resources for my paper. 11-15 Have at least five facts on each of my five subtopic sheets. -- Complete the Assessing Credibility activity (in computer class) 16 Write a rough draft of my introduction. 17-21 Write at least one more body paragraph. 17-21 Add a quotation to a body paragraph. Write at least one more body paragraph. 25 Write a rough draft of my conclusion. Bring entire rough draft to class from now on, either on paper or on a computer/tablet. (Not my phone!) It doesn’t need to be typed yet. 30 Check my rough draft for errors and problems. 31 Have a friend check my rough draft for errors and problems, and give me feedback. 32 Ask an adult to evaluate my rough draft and fill out the form. 33 Use BibMe to create my Works Cited Page. -- Type my paper in a word processing program. 34 Format my paper and create my cover page. 34 Staple my paper together in this order: rubric, cover page, paper, Works Cited. -- Final draft due date! 5 Parts of a Research Paper I.Introductory paragraph A.Lead/hook B.Thesis statement } The first part of your paper introduces the topic and explains what it is you’re going to be discussing. The thesis statement is a one-sentence answer to your research question. } The body of the paper will contain the facts and information your find in your research. Each paragraph covers one subtopic. II.Body A.First point B.Second point C.Third point D.Fourth point E.Fifth point III.Conclusion A.General conclusion B.Analyze/extend } In your conclusion, you analyze what your learned and extend it to your own life or to the modern world. 6 Notes ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7 Research Paper Checklist & Rubric This rubric shows how your research paper grade is determined. Use it a checklist to make sure you fulfill each requirement. You will be given a copy of this to attach to your final draft before handing it in. Requirement Maximum Points Introductory paragraph with good lead or hook 10 Clear thesis statement at the end of first paragraph 10 Body of paper offers evidence for thesis 10 Closing paragraph summarizes topic and shows what you learned 10 Closing paragraph shows evidence of new knowledge or understanding that affects your own life 10 Use of parenthetical citations 10 Grammar and spelling 10 Correct formatting 10 Works Cited page, formatted as explained in class 10 Application of Six Traits* 10 The total is your grade *See the next page for an explanation. 8 Six Traits Rubric for Research Papers 6 Exemplary 97-100 5 Strong 93-96 4 Proficient 85-92 3 Developing 77-84 2 Emerging 70-76 1 Beginning 60-69 Ideas Exceptionally clear, focused, and engaging with relevant, strong supporting detail Clear, focused, interesting ideas with appropriate detail Evident main idea with some support which may be general or limited Main idea may be cloudy because supporting detail is too general or even off-topic Purpose and main idea may be unclear and cluttered by irrelevant detail Lacks central idea; development is minimal or nonexistent Organization Effectively organized in logical, creative manner; creative and engaging intro and conclusion Strong order and structure; inviting intro and satisfying closure Organization is appropriate, but conventional; attempt at introduction and conclusion Attempts at organization; may be a “list” of events; beginning and ending not developed Lack of structure; disorganized and hard to follow; missing or weak intro and conclusion Lack of coherence; confusing; no identifiable introduction or conclusion Voice Expressive, engaging, sincere; strong sense of audience; shows emotion, humor, honesty, or suspense Appropriate to audience and purpose; the writer behind the words comes through Evident commitment to topic; inconsistent or dull personality Voice may be inappropriate or non-existent; writing may seem mechanical Writing tends to be flat or stiff; little or no hint of the writer behind the words Writing is lifeless; no hint of the writer Word Choice Precise, carefully chosen words; strong, fresh, vivid images Descriptive; broad range of words; word choice energizes writing Language is functional and appropriate; descriptions may be overdone at times Words may be correct but mundane; no attempt at deliberate choice Monotonous, often repetitious, sometimes inappropriate Limited range of words; some vocabulary misused Sentence Fluency High degree of craftsmanship; effective variation in sentence patterns Easy flow and rhythm; good variety in length and structure Generally in control; lack variety in length and structure Some awkward constructions; many similar patterns and beginnings Often choppy; monotonous sentence patterns; frequent run-ons Difficult to follow or read aloud; disjointed, confusing, rambling Conventions Exceptionally strong control of standard conventions of writing Strong control of conventions; errors are few and minor Control of most writing conventions; occasional errors Limited control of conventions; frequent errors do not interfere with understanding Frequent significant errors may impede readability Numerous errors distract the reader and make the text difficult to read How the Six Traits will figure into your research paper grade: • I’ll give you a percentage based on the traits, as usual. • I’ll convert that score to a decimal. For example, a 95 would become a 9.5; an 84 would be an 8.4. • That number will be your points for that part of the rubric, rounded to the nearest whole number. So, a 9.5 would equal 10 points; an 8.4 would equal 8 points. 9 Topic Ideas This is just a place to begin. You don’t have to pick from this list. ✦ The role played by a certain group (American women, Japanese Americans, German Catholics, African Americans, people in neutral countries, etc.) ✦ How the war affected a specific person or family, or how their actions affected the war (please do not choose Hitler, Elie Wiesel or Anne Frank) ✦ Why a particular person was a hero during the war ✦ The role of a particular science or technology (weapons, radar, the atomic bomb, vehicles, communications, military clothing, medicine, factories) ✦ Compare and contrast some aspect of WWI to that of WWII ✦ How a specific incident affected the war (a specific battle, for example) ✦ Prisoners of war ✦ A specific religion (how it was affected, and how it affected the war) ✦ Propaganda (what is it and how was it used?) ✦ Occupations (soldier, weapon maker, spy... choose a job and explain its role) ✦ Concentration camps (choose one and discuss its history) ✦ Life at home (how American life changed because of the war, how children’s lives were affected) ✦ The role of animals in the war Visit Mrs. Green’s website for many more ideas! 10 My Topic and Questions My Topic:__________________________________________________________________ My Research Question: Subtopic #1:_______________________________________________________________ Subtopic #2:_______________________________________________________________ Subtopic #3:_______________________________________________________________ Subtopic #4:_______________________________________________________________ Subtopic #5:_______________________________________________________________ I have seen and approve this research question for the WWII paper. Teacher’s Signature:____________________________________! Date:________________ Parent/Guardian Signature:______________________________! Date:________________ 11 Master Source List Date Published/ Retrieved Source Number Type Example Book Website Other Vader, Ella Rising to the Top 2007 Example Book Website Other ⃠ www.archives.gov/research/military/ ww2/photos/images/thumbnails/ 5/10/14 1 Book Website Other 2 Book Website Other 3 Book Website Other 4 Book Website Other 5 Book Website Other 6 Book Website Other 7 Book Website Other 8 Book Website Other 9 Book Website Other Author URL/Title 12 Research Grid for Subtopic #1 When this page has 5 or more spaces filled, you have enough information for a paragraph. Subtopic: Source # Page # Information - One New Fact Per Space 13 Research Grid for Subtopic #2 When this page has 5 or more spaces filled, you have enough information for a paragraph. Subtopic: Source # Page # Information - One New Fact Per Space 14 Research Grid for Subtopic #3 When this page has 5 or more spaces filled, you have enough information for a paragraph. Subtopic: Source # Page # Information - One New Fact Per Space 15 Research Grid for Subtopic #4 When this page has 5 or more spaces filled, you have enough information for a paragraph. Subtopic: Source # Page # Information - One New Fact Per Space 16 Research Grid for Subtopic #5 When this page has 5 or more spaces filled, you have enough information for a paragraph. Subtopic: Source # Page # Information - One New Fact Per Space 17 Notes ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 18 Introductory Paragraph and Thesis Statement Lead/Hook ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Thesis Statement ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 19 Body Paragraph #1 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 20 Body Paragraph #2 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 21 Body Paragraph #3 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 22 Body Paragraph #4 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 23 Body Paragraph #5 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 24 Plagiarism ☞ If I put it in my own words, it’s not plagiarism. (circle one) ! True! False Plagiarism is:___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Some possible consequences for plagiarism include: 1.______________________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________ I can avoid plagiarism by:__________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Parenthetical quotations are:_______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ I need a Works Cited Page to allow:_________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The difference between a Works Cited page and a bibliography is:__________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 25 Notes ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 26 Parenthetical Citations ☞ A parenthetical citation allows you to use the works of others in your paper without plagiarizing. The point of a parenthetical citation is to tell the reader where you got a piece of information. Important: Never use parenthetical citations without including a Works Cited page at the end of your paper! Example of parenthetical citations I am writing my research paper about the role of American women in World War II. I found an interesting webpage with information that I want to use in my paper. The URL of this webpage is: http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/american-women-in-worldwar-ii The name of the article is “American Women in World War II.” Here is a direct quotation, copied and pasted from that page: One of the lesser-known roles women played in the war effort was provided by the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots, or WASPs. These women, each of whom had already obtained their pilot’s license prior to service, became the first women to fly American military aircraft. I’ll start by putting some of this section into my own words. A few of the women who had been licensed pilots before the war joined the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots. The WASPs, as they were known, were the American military’s first female pilots. This is good, but it’s not enough. I have to tell where this information came from. To do that, I’ll add a citation in parenthesis—a parenthetical citation. A few of the women who had been licensed pilots before the war joined the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots. The WASPs, as they were known, were the American military’s first female pilots (“American Women in World War II,” retrieved 5/10/14). Now the reader can easily look at your Works Cited page and see more information about where I got this fact. ☞ Read the Sample Research Paper on page 36 to see other examples of parenthetical citations. 27 Parenthetical Citation Practice Page ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 28 Conclusion Summary of Information ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Real-Life/Modern-Day Connections ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 29 Rough Draft Checklist: Self-Evaluation Directions: Read your rough draft, checking it for problems and errors. ___ I have an introductory paragraph with a lead or hook to draw in the reader. ___ My thesis statement is at the end of my first paragraph. It answers my research question. ___ I have at least 5 body paragraphs. ___ Each of my body paragraphs covers a subtopic and includes evidence to prove my point. ___ My closing paragraph summarizes what I learned. ___ My closing paragraph contains connections between what I learned and my own life and/or the modern world. ___ I use parenthetical citations to show where I got my information. ___ I have checked my paper against the Six Traits rubric for Ideas, and made improvements where needed. ___ I have checked my paper against the Six Traits rubric for Organization, and made improvements where needed. ___ I have checked my paper against the Six Traits rubric for Voice, and made improvements where needed. ___ I have checked my paper against the Six Traits rubric for Word Choice, and made improvements where needed. ___ I have checked my paper against the Six Traits rubric for Sentence Fluency, and made improvements where needed. ___ I have checked my paper against the Six Traits rubric for Conventions, and made improvements where needed. Comments/Notes to myself: 30 Rough Draft Checklist: Peer Evaluation Name of Evaluator:_________________________________! Date:_________________ Directions: Please read the rough draft, checking it for problems and errors. ___ There is an introductory paragraph with a lead or hook to draw in the reader. ___ The thesis statement is at the end of the first paragraph. It answers the research question. ___ There are at least 5 body paragraphs. ___ Each of the body paragraphs covers a subtopic and includes evidence to prove a point. ___ The closing paragraph summarizes what the writer learned. ___ The closing paragraph contains connections between what the writer learned and his/her own life and/or the modern world. ___ The writer uses parenthetical citations to show where s/he got the information. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Ideas, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Organization, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Voice, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Word Choice, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Sentence Fluency, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Conventions, and made suggestions where needed. Comments: 31 Rough Draft Checklist: Adult Evaluation Name of Evaluator:_________________________________! Date:_________________ Directions: Please read the rough draft, checking it for problems and errors. ___ There is an introductory paragraph with a lead or hook to draw in the reader. ___ The thesis statement is at the end of the first paragraph. It answers the research question. ___ There are at least 5 body paragraphs. ___ Each of the body paragraphs covers a subtopic and includes evidence to prove a point. ___ The closing paragraph summarizes what the writer learned. ___ The closing paragraph contains connections between what the writer learned and his/her own life and/or the modern world. ___ The writer uses parenthetical citations to show where s/he got the information. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Ideas, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Organization, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Voice, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Word Choice, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Sentence Fluency, and made suggestions where needed. ___ I have checked this paper against the Six Traits rubric for Conventions, and made suggestions where needed. Comments: 32 The Works Cited Page In computer class, you will learn how to use BibMe to create a Works Cited page. As long as you have kept track of your sources, this will be really easy. Your BibMe username:___________________ Your BibMe password (or a hint to help you remember):___________________ When you’ve finished collecting your sources on BibMe, you will copy and paste the bibliography onto a fresh page at the end of your research paper. 33 Formatting Your Paper Works Cited Paper Font: Times, Ariel or Helvetica Size: 12 point Double-spaced Margins: 1” on all sides Black ink Page numbers are optional No images except on cover page Cover Page ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Rubric General: Cover page: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Choose your own fonts and sizes for this page Title centered on the page At the bottom of the page: Your name, your teacher’s name, your grade, and date due Do not number this page Optional: you may add one or more relevant images to your cover page. 34 Sample Formatted Paper My Amazing Research Paper •Your name • Your writing teacher’s name • Your grade •The date the paper is due Liam D. Llama Mrs. Green Grade 7 May 30, 2014 35 This is the introductory paragraph. You should consider starting with an interesting story or "hook" to draw in the reader. The last sentence of your first paragraph should be your thesis statement. This is a short version of the answer to your research question. For example, suppose your research question is, "What was the role of American women during World War II?" Your thesis statement could be something like, "American women had many important roles during World War II, and without them the United States may not have been as successful." Your next set of paragraphs should contain the facts and information you found when doing your research. One way to do this is to have each paragraph contain information from one source. That will give the body of your paper at least five paragraphs. Be sure to stick to information that is relevant to your research question. Be sure to cite your sources. This means to tell exactly where you got your information. Then you avoid being accused of plagiarism, although you still need to put things in your own words. There are several ways to cite sources and we are using a method that has been simplified for middle school. The next three sentences are examples of how to cite a source. They each contain the same fact, but it is written in three different ways. Johnson is the last name of the author and 1992 is the year it was written. • • • Johnson (1992) claims that over 150,000 American women were employed in bomb factories in 1942. Over 150,000 American women were employed in bomb factories in 1942 (Johnson, 1992). According to Johnson (1992), over 150,000 American women were employed in bomb factories in 1942. All three sentences are about the same fact, but you can see that they are worded differently. Remember to use a variety of sentence types to make your paper read smoothly. If you are using a website as your source and there is no author, you can use the name of the site. You don't need the entire URL—just the first part is enough. If you can not find a date the web page was written, use the date you first accessed it. For example: According to time.com (24 April 2012), over 150,000 women were employed in bomb factories in 1942. 36 Sometimes you may want to use a direct, exact quotation from a source. If a quotation is part of a sentence or only a couple of sentences, you should use quotation marks. "Over 150,000 women worked in American bomb factories in 1942," writes Larry Johnson (1992). Johnson (1992) claims that "over 150,000 women worked in American bomb factories in 1942." If you have a longer quotation, you should write it as a new paragraph, and indent it one inch from the left margin. (It will be indented two inches from the left side of the page and one inch from the right side of the page.) Keep it double-spaced, and introduce the quotation beforehand with a colon: This is a quotation about women who worked in factories during WWII. A long quotation should take up at least three lines of text. Do not add a whole bunch of long quotations in an effort to increase your word count. You will lose points! At the end of your quotation, cite the source. (Johnson, 1992). After the long quotation, don't indent. Say something about it before you go on to the next paragraph. If you can't think of anything to say, the quotation probably isn't worth including. Do not overuse long quotes just to add to your word count. Your grade will suffer. Proofread your work several times. Check your capitalization and punctuation. Watch out for grammatical errors that do not get caught by word processing programs. For example, your word processor may not know the difference between your and you're. Other ones to watch out for include: to, too and two; its and it's; and their, there and they're. Check your paper, have someone else check, and then check it again. In formal writing, you should not use many contractions. This is actually to your advantage because it increases your number of words. If you have trouble with word count, try adding adjectives to your writing – but do not overdo it. You can also use quotations to do this, but do not use too many. Do your writing first and then worry about formatting. Please choose a font that is easy to read. Times New Roman, Ariel or Helvetica are good choices. Do not use Comic Sans. You should type in 12point sized font; typing in a large font is not going to fool the teacher. Each page can be numbered in the 37 center of the bottom, or the bottom right corner. Do not number the cover page. Print in black ink on only one side of the paper. Your margins should be one inch wide on all four sides of the page. The bottom margin is measured from the page number. Everything but the cover page should be double-spaced. Double spacing basically means skipping every other line of type. Do not hit return at the end of every line you type. That will only cause you problems later. Instead, use the settings to make your work double-spaced. Your paper's length should be at least 750 words. This can include everything on the cover page, any quotations you may use, the page numbers, and the bibliography. Most teachers will not let you count these parts of your paper. We are only doing it this way to make it easier for you to include everything in one document, and then use the word processor's word count feature. This paper, including everything mentioned above, contains about 1200 words. Your last two paragraphs should analyze the information and draw conclusions. This what makes a research paper different from a report. A report just gives facts that you find; in a research paper you must also think about the facts and explain how they add up. Here is where you can make judgements instead of just reporting information. If 150,000 women worked in American bomb factories in 1942, what does that say about the role of women during the war? How do the facts you found answer your original research question? If you can't answer your question, you may need to do more research. You may need to adjust the wording of the question a little. Then end with a strong statement that wraps up your findings on the topic. 38 Works Cited "ARTSEDGE: The Story Behind the Song: We Shall Overcome." ARTSEDGE: The Kennedy Center's Arts Education Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2011. <http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/students/features/storybehind-the-song/weovercome.aspx>. "Holocaust Activities." Florida Center for Instructional Technology. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2011. <http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/activity/MiddleSc.htm>. "Home." Learning about the Holocaust through Art. Holocaust Art resource and tutorial.. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2011. <http://art.holocaust-education.net/home.asp?langid=1&submenu=>. "Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation." Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2011. <http://www.jewishpartisans.org/index.php >. "Memorial Library | Listen to stories from survivors." Memorial Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2011. <http://www.thememoriallibrary.org/survivor-videos/>. 39
© Copyright 2024