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Disrupting Global Logistics
ISO’s New Supply Chain Standard
Fred Tubb
iControl Incorporated
http://www.iControl-Inc.com
Avoid train wrecks.
Use Standards.
Collect Connect Control
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IEEE RFID 2015
Disruptive Technologies
What are Disruptive Technologies?
1) Emerging technology currently not deployed in the market
2) Will likely displace legacy processes or products
3) Creates a new market (often multiple markets)
Recent examples:
a) Personal computer vs typewriters,
b) Cell phones vs land lines,
c) Email vs Fax machines,
d) LED lighting vs incandescent bulbs.
e) Search Engines vs Public Library
IEEE as a standards body has been involved with 1000’s of
disruptive technologies.
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Disruptive Technologies
Standards Improve Odds of Success
IEEE RFID 2015
Standards That Changed The World
Monetary Standards
Globalization (1950’s Style)
Post WWII:
-
1944 Bretton Woods Conference
Produce financial standards designed to enhance world
trade.
Next 12 years implement:
-
World Trade Organization (WTO)
International Trade Organization (ITO)
Harmonization and tariff reduction
IP Recognition and Protection
Barriers dropped, but global trade organizations
failed to identify advances in technology to
implement trade goals
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Standards That Changed The World
Mechanical Standards
Before the Internet, Mechanical Engineer’s ruled
1950’s: DoD experimented with containerized freight
1960’s: Transporting goods remained highly
inefficient
Shipping Industry:
Cost driven goal to create a system standard
1968: ISO 1968-72 Created ISO Container
Specification
- Quantization of cargo
- Re-Usable Containers
- Predictable end to end delivery
- Security
- Universal handling equipment
Today:
Greater than 35M containers in circulation (WSC)
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IEEE RFID 2015
Standards That Changed The World
Personal Computing and
Internet Protocols
Globalization of Knowledge
- Global Communication:
- Common Language
- Frame of reference
- Remote control
- Location determination
- Global purchasing
- Research and Development
Internet of Things: (IoT)
- Not just connecting people, devices
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Internet of Things (IoT).
Telemetry, SCADA, Internet Appliances, RFID, M2M, IoT, IIoT
As a concept, IoT has been around > 20 years.
IoT is a Disruptive Technology:
• Changes business processes
• Renders many data collection methods obsolete
• More Data. All the Time.
• Too much Data?
• Data reduction, processing, and analytics
Key Challenges:
Technical: Interoperability, security, cost, processing, and power management
Market Adoption: Business Processes, Effective ROI, enterprise utilization
Why Now:
• Commodity prices for low cost, low power devices
• Advances in battery and power scavenging
• Wireless technologies and SOC
• Protocol standards, security, and interoperability
• Business acceptance and reduced of barriers to adoption
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO’s New Supply Chain Standard
Disrupting Global Logistics
• ISO 18000-4 mode 3:
– ISO Category 18000-4:
– Standard for RFID using 2.4GHz frequencies
– Application: Shipping containers and other assets involved in global trade
– Mode 3 Driving Requirements:
• Container Security and supply chain management
– Interested parties included DHS, WSC, WCO, and related ISO Committees
– ISO Working Group’s (SC31) Goal:
• Enhance supply chain security and support emerging customs regulations
• Produce a global wireless communication standard for shipping containers
and supply chain conveyance systems
• Provide a dual use system (simultaneous commercial and Customs usage)
• Encourage network deployment and cooperation
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)
Functional Requirements:
Goal
Implementation
Comment
Globally Accepted
License free 2.4GHz
ISM band DSSS
Low Power
<100 uwatt average
3-5 year battery life
Rapid Response
< 1 second wake up
“Drive by read from sleep”
Secure
Support encryption
Exportable 128 AES
Non proprietary
Commodity IC’s
$3-4 part costs in volume
Multi-channel
Network Load Balance
16 Channels
Medium Throughput
Good for sensors
Not used for video
250Kbps
“Quite”
Tag Talk Last
Reader initiated transmissions
Variable Range Control
10m - 3km typical usage
Variable beacon intervals
Programmable Network
Topologies
4 supported topologies
Specialized Beacon payloads
Network Status Messages
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)
• Physical Layer: IEEE 802.15.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.4GHz DSSS (Globally accepted. License Free)
16 Channels
>100M IC’s in production with multiple sources
Radio function in <200 usec after wakeup
Most 802.15.4 MAC layer functions retained
Suitable data rate for most battery powered sensors
Good multi-path rejection
Moderate range
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 mode 3
Reader Performance and Network Tests
•
Minimal infrastructure. Easy to deploy.
– One reader connects tags to data center
– Bi-direction read ranges ~2km
•
Deployable at any location remote
monitoring is required
– WAN (Ethernet, cellular, satellite) available for
communications backhaul to server
400 m
800 m
1.4 km
Port of Los Angeles
- APL Terminal
Port of Tokyo
- NYK Terminal
11
IEEE RFID 2015
Tracking Tests (DHS and MLIT) Japan to US
Network Objectives:
•
•
Japan MATTS tag installed
•
•
Transmit data securely
Provide continuous global
location and status
visibility
Leverage and adapt to
existing and available
communications
networks
Tracking capability is
broadly applicable to
assets
Rail Los Angeles - Chicago
Ship-board to US
Inland Tracking to port
Ocean Terminal, Departure
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IEEE RFID 2015
Tracking and Security Tests: China to US
Cooperative Programs. Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), US
Ports, DHS, and Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)
Program Objectives
•
•
•
Factory: ISO 18186 Data Entry
China Factory to SIPG Terminal
Integrate SIPG sponsored
ISO 18186 with 18000-4
Provide continuous global
location and status for
DHS CSD’s
Evaluate protocol
interoperability and
cooperation between PRC
and US
Ship-board China to US
IEEE RFID 2015
Savannah Port Reader
Panama Canal -> US
ISO 18000-4 Implementation Details
Network Topologies
Star
Peer to Peer
Trunk
Mesh
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)
Network Discovery Beacons (NDB)
Two Methods of Network Discovery
Connectionless:
“Drive by applications”
Connected:
Sustained Network
Beacons Provide Content and Management
- Use Defined Hailing Channels
- Alternate Channels
- Network Load Balancing
- Connection Type
- Location Information
- Radio Waypoints
- Beacon Interval
- Reporting Interval
- Security
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IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)
Network Status Messages (NSM)
NSM is a key feature for Interoperability and Cooperation
• Devices may be configured on a per trip basis for
• Data “Ownership”
• Destination server
• Security
• Operating modes
NSM Messages: Request Service Type and Network Routing
- Server to Server Connection parameters
- Device Authentication
- Network Topology
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Application Stories
• ISO Container Tracking and Security
- Commercial Automotive Importers
- Expedited Customs Clearance
• Environmental Monitoring
- US DoD Environmental Monitoring and Equipment
Readiness
IEEE RFID 2015
Secure Transit Corridors
DHS Electronic Chain of Custody
•
Large scale Customs program for truck and rail border crossings
–
–
CBP to test use for monitoring security devices to track and monitor conveyances as they enter the US
Bonded cargo
•
•
•
Canada – US – Mexico
Import – US inland
1000’s of shipments performed during FY13
–
Plans: CBP integrates program into C-TPAT
IEEE RFID 2015
DOD Applications for ISO 18000-4
• Building Environmental
Monitoring and Control
– Cocoon Inc.:
• Mobile warehouses for strategic DOD assets
– Integrated wireless sensor network
• LAN and Satellite WAN
• Alarm, monitoring, and LBS
• Container Tracking and
Management
– Leased and DOD ISO Container security
– Location determination
– Contents and condition
• Yard Part Monitoring
– Tracking and RTLS
– Internal Monitoring
• Temperature, RH
• Pressure, light, and motion
IEEE RFID 2015
Wireless Sensor Networks
IoT Applications
Internet
Ethernet,
Cellular or,
Satellite
Secure Internet
Access
Wireless
2.4GHz
Sensing
Devices
4/16/2015
Readers
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IEEE RFID 2015
Software
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Q&A
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IEEE RFID 2015