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Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Bhutan
ISSN: 1608-4330
Analysis of the Black Tents of Nomadic Bakhtiari Houses and Pavilions of the
Turkmen and the Air Conditioning and Heating, Cooling, Black Tents
Houtan Iravan1, Sara Adavi2, Elham Ahmadi2
1
Ph.D, Department of Architecture, Ardestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardestan, Iran
2
Department of Architecture, Ardestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardestan, Iran
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to analyze the fundamental principles of the formation of theblack
tents of the province as well as the local housing Turkmen living in Iran. Migrating and analysis
of structural features which are part of the objectives of the project. What is the structure of the
alcove and the culture and traditions of their people alachyq what effect has the overall analysis
and opinion on the Iranian nomadic dwellings? Residents pavilions linked to the social economy
determine the structure of the skeleton - Avq - chords - in tip - Qapy and strains.
Research Methodology, The research is descriptive - analytical and historical interpretation of
observational studies of information through documentation - Library and field studies and
interviews collected and analyzed located. This is a step toward identity in contemporary
architecture.
Introduction
unfortunately, in relation to ventilation and cooling heating and cooling tent has not been studied.
Asghar Ali Shariat Zadeh article Bower Turkmen ingredients and how it has been set up.
Mohammad Hossein Yazdi Apply Geographical Research paper Turkmen tribes’ dwelling in the
housing Turkmen community and its role has overall. 4th century Ibn Hoqhl and Estakhri in
speaking and nomads the Ghaznavids (583-366H.q), especially since the Seljuks (429 eighth
century) to the nomadic tribes of Central Asia with the fast lifestyle were scattered throughout Iran
(Morgan 1372.45-46) Iranian nomadic Mongols rule they greatly increase patriarch of the
government to increase the nomadic and nomadic helped (Morgan 1372.110) Pastoral nomads
living in the tent, but the Turkmen and Shahsavan who live In alachyq Few Baloch of to the south
migration during the Kprha Brand (Karimi .40.1350) Regional Iranian Turkmens which are
classified divided into 2 mountain region. Gorgan plain fact is that in mashreqh mountainous
districts and departments including stigma, Glydagh, Nagorno Blkhan, and share Moraveh Tappeh
the mountains of northwestern and Maghreb Bojnoord it takes. (Myrna, 1336, 106) Turkmen
Shradrzmstan warm weather is approaching. Turkmen farmers and nomads are generally cold and
we Balkhan between mountains and plains in summer, warmer in winter Iran moving.
Tent
The main dwelling nomads, moving frequently clad in black is the most essential forms of housing
Bakhtiari (Fylbrg, 1372: 127) The living space or Bvhvn Bhvn Bakhtiari - Dhvar Yadvar-dark
mine or yours CIA - RA North - Property in Bakhtiari Bhvn created as a space is used as a
residential unit (Amyrahmdyan, 1378: 71) From the perspective of a black neighborhood tents are
Houtan Iravan et al
Bhu.J.RNR. Vol 3.1, 106-97: 2015
usually solitary state of mountains few teeth in a way that it is protected from wind and rain, are
established. Tent around "Pepe Yakhlv Chapa" is made to keep livestock, although the tent a
"Qorng" or "Korng" is called (the author).
AGhlh the basis of the author's tent
Ventilation the black Tent
Tissue Black Tent: the Caucus Local Rotary To the It Statement The women and using Test. one
Characteristics Black Tent to the Properties Physiology Hair That he Contrary to Other contract
To the intent and Weather Inside Black Tent Pores The parcel Prevention. Tissue These Cover
Protection Areas Bakhtiari Performance. The For the Ventilation Entrance Quite often That
Important for the Ventilation Air (Interview with the Nomads).
Orientation
tent
cold air in the tents set up so that the air flow and air to pass through the area several tents remain
rather cold creation (the writer)
Tent datum orientation author
Heating and cooling equipment
Chigh (Chit) Weaving: Chigh Chadrast including black accessories, like a fence around it covers.
Chigh using ramie straw goat hair and in some cases also using colored woolen yarn and woven
designs on Chigh also due to the nature of the geometric texture. Air conditioners and today serves
as the air and coolness in summer Chigh hitting the winter Chigh Tent my with goat hair which
cover more heat to be retained.
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Hair with festive winter Chigh part because the air conditioning only but during the summer
Chigh around the tent, play tent. Source Writer
As well for the winter Particular The year Sum Collection the pulse of Storage their as Fuel heating
use to There. The seats framework that just put it this big heavy seats grandson of seats around the quilt
to warm up any large seats for family fun reading Shahnameh.
Tent black frost (fall and winter) ways closed due to cold air There is no way (Source: Google)
Black hot source Tent in hot days
Structure of the Tents
Section horizontal tent and cover rectangular cover tent black and goat hair woven (Fylbrg
.1372.154) to fit large or small size, consisting of 14 to 20 pieces of the length of each 10 - 40 to
60 cm (Amirahmdian. 1378.108) Thus beat from tent call. Tent to put together a form of wide are
sewn with goat hair (Interview with Nomads).
Black Veil physically consists of two parts:
1) covering veil
2) Set up tools
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Cover the test gets into strips of fabric the tapes over to cover the tent up and the sewn the fringe
of the interior of the tent is the part that connects the board thin strips with a width of 15 cm, they
say there. The coat is thick and heavy, armored texture as simple as a relatively loose and open
woven by the women of the tribes, and the result of expanding its fiber content becomes and
compact (Fylbrg 1372.154.162).
Tent holding devices
2 rows of vertical mast tent that keeps me in front of a row of tents and tent in the middle of a row
is inserted. (Ibid. 124.127) The front of the tent poles are mounted on top of the 2 branches and
name
called.
Hole boards will be placed called Tel Aviv dimensions 50 x 10 cm slabs 2cm in diameter of the
mast to mast in front of and parallel to the ground lug wane are placed. (Amirahmdian .1378.74)
How to connect to 2 paragraphs Tent earth is done by geographical factors (mountain - plain areas
(as .74.75).
Mountain areas
Because these areas with low soil easily installed on the floor for most of us. Stone Mountain
installed in these areas or large pieces of stone are installed near and paragraph.
If areas of forest and tree the branches and the total section of the tent and Stone say (writer).
Conditioning during the summer and how to connect the basis of the author's tent in mountains
Plain areas
In these Areas peg wood that Wood move to the earth. Some time in case of Barn with tent the
ring, this nails the parcel and then it is in the earth beaten tight.
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Conditioning during the summer and the way of the plain black Tent
Location Set up Tent
At the place where the tent is erected tent Vargah, Javargah court said means also means that the
ages of the court used.
Analysis Skeletal the black Tent
Black mold can be said in general about Bakhtiari tent entrance and walls together and act together
So it is possible to sit and rest in the tent opposite the entrance to the long side or end wall tent
made of stone and forty-called home. Its height above ground level reaches 79 Cm length equal to
the length and pitch tents in different sizes from 40 to 50 inches that in some cases the use of the
backrest - niche and platform (Amyrahmdyan .1378.9)
Black hanging tents source Google
Plan and how to use the tent as schematically
1) half-witted house (seating and leaning 2) Mast or line (Intermediate 3) stack (Masts
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2) South 4) the Connection to ground 5)
Pain reliever native Turkmen
Ranchers’ Turcoman bower to the First name Evi the life there. Alcove Indeed Pain reliever Early
Turkmen been to Social There, the collection the Several Evi One Tribe Statement. Home
Turcoman the old OBE the IS that him by Earthen. Villages Turcoman Stay In connection region
other Fig 2. Where That the Citizens Security Further Nelson Are home the house by Kinsfolk up
close far apart made by that the there the house by reliance the data (B) the (The Kasra'ian -137016)
Bower Turkmen (AVI)
Evi Word Turkish (he) Word Evi to the Means the House. Setting up Evi Customs Certain There.
For the Setting up Evi Well suited (A Asgari Hospice -1374-114)
Bower Location Maintenance Livestock, location Preparation, For the Industry Handy Also lead
(The Haji Abraham Goldsmith, 1385-178)
Source: Google
Turkmen pergola structure:
Skeleton
Skeleton alachyq Turcoman 4 episode Formation Is
1) Ring the roof that the Fermi Equivalent 2
2) Chords that the net The IS Rotary 1.5 wilderness Circular to the 5.5
3) Number Sectarian Wood Accurate to the over 2.5 wilderness some to the Intersection End
Woods Chords Connected To the ring The roof Contact The IS
) Andrews 4) Framework the net Chords Directory tree. (19, 72,
Bower skeleton structure Turkmen oliver , 1997
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Chords
Chords Section Down below Evi The. Compound 4 pieces the IS That the Since (B) the Contact
they Radius Circle 2 to 2.5 meters. Chords Cross Formation by That the House by Diamond To
the 15 20. This woods To the Form of Location Connection Field to the Form of This Node There.
If the axis free Piece the Rest Opening To the Form of Diamond They (Haji Abraham Goldsmith,
1385, 179).
Chords Source: Google
Avq
Lot number woods actuate Form of the IS that the in fact section domical Form of Skeleton Bower
Fig. A. Set terminal Woods Chords in the tip instead.
Source: Google
In The tip
Section the Evi the IS that the one Avq to the Holes around the It Sink. The Section from alachyq
Circle the IS To the Radius 1.5 bent that the collection the environment Circle Bent In the It similar
to the one the plate that the at the top of Bower to the face Reverse With (The same)
Source: Google
Qapy
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It Shaved By The IS Frame Long 4 pieces A stick Formation By 2 pieces The Horizontal Up and
down Frame Double-occupancy Flat The IS That the Section Lower 4 holes (That one For the
Depression Tongue Parts Next Frame The IS Wake The hole The others For the Depression Heels
Wood The IS That the Within This The hole The Upper Picking up This 4 holes With Holes The
other The IS That the, Know That Sink.
Covers
Dvrlq: Form of That the Width Each To the size Width Chords by the IS
Avzvk: form Trapezoid Up and down It Form of The IS Entrance Skeleton Domical Form of
Bower
Serik: A Piece Form of that the On In The tip mounted it about 20 in The tip Remarkably higher
(Born .82.1983)
Gender Wool Net Been to Return the rain the summer 1 the Mat Permit to the inside Bower The
Section Able Attention the cost them to the Cover Woolen It These are Every 5 years is
The door Input
This Width in alachyq Length Equivalent 120 to 150 Above the Horseshoe Port Frame Hang
requiring the tube and the Entrance Sum This (problem Particular Direction Ventilation inside over
the Decorating the IS tapper.1971
Mat
Qamysh consists of 3 pieces these are To the Dvrtam Bower Long my the third this Hsyrrakh on
the back Evi, Goth Qamysh, When Pleasant the north Inside It the flow Finds
Connectors
1) Dvrlq Yakha: Bar Jajim Tissue the IS That the By It Chords to the It Work. Width it at about
30 It Circle Bower the IS
2) Bill Joop: Bar In a few Width the IS Manipulated in a database Section over the Chords by The
parcel By the IS For the Strength
3) Embroidery: Tissue the IS That the
4) Arqn: Rope Diameter the IS That the Sometimes It to the Pegs protruding Wood around the
Evi The parcel.
5) Nails Wood: section outer Evi to the from 1 to 2 wood Crotch to the earth do have Sections
Collecting Not (Sharia Born .1983.82)
Source: Google
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How the Troubleshooting
Setting up the women Turcoman terrestrial for the Prevention Cross-country The earth To the
Height Almost 10 t Vogel Evi On The South Sun Interest Eastern Western North Safe That the To
the (the The meaning) Popular The IS Going on Evi Wood To the Height 2 Chords To the earth.
Spill Each within Evi Location Bower past Survivors. From Migration Location The other
marriage son, right bower distance between in between those to the Means Privacy Supply the
Private one the family the IS adjacent me maintaining privacy private The family Possible (Haji
Abraham Goldsmith .183.1385).
Decorations:
In alachyqh for the decoration lack of use was no the internal that the level wide to the out: node
by colored that indeed connectors that the among in the tip weight such a one sack wheat to it
perseverance further versus the region have water field by weight test tissue by the colors the black
then made which above the entrance to the inside hang. The decorations foreign mainly consisting
of cover the roof are Irons.1974
The role Bower Turcoman Building Social Ivay
The social construction of pavilions Turkmen why are some Avy Kinder flock together totaling a
distance of a few Abbe read the lyrics to the distance they are from each other on the set of a tribe,
a clan pasture capacity and ultimately to a tribe, clan, however, say Person - family (AVI) - Abbe
-Tyrh - Tribe – Tribe Avy by each tribe usually set up on a straight line Valachyq white beard and
large Abbe placed at the beginning of the row (Babylonian Yazdi .16.2000)
The results
Summary of the black tent Shipping the IS that the in that the hand to the hand both the data
Defined Different Communications Spatial Interactions man environment Around That the In life
an important The IS Supply the A. In addition, Bryan Transparency the black Protection Privacy
Possible Attainment The light Facilities Cooling Heating and cooling There are Cause the link
visual Understanding and comfort of residents The environment Internal Meet Pick. given to the
Turkmens Iran early The Been to That the In these Time Long conditions environment, culture
traditions been evolution Results A. Compliance Full use Functional direction decorations that the
at the same simple to be together with the ease To become With features specific crust the region
able attention the IS that the including specifications bower Turkmens.
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Tent schools during the fall and winter and the cold night air into the tent and air conditioning
will not be prevented. (Source: author)
Tent school in the spring and summer and warm days that are part of the tent open for airflow and
ventilation (Source Writer)
References
1. Karimi, A. (1350). A look at the life and traditions of the tribes seven lame and four lame,
art people, No. 111
2. Morgan, David (1373). Iran Middle translation reporter Abbas, Tehran
3. Fylbrg, Karlogonar (1372) tent, nomads and semi-nomads housing in world history,
translated Asghar krymy, Mashhd Astan Quds Razavi Publish, printing
4. Amyrahmdyan, B. (1378) The tribe, Tehran, Dashtestan publish
5. The interview with people of Azna and Aligodarz
6. Babylon Yazdi, MH. Housing Tribes Turkmen Analysis Functional One Evolution of
Knyky Social, Quarterly Research Geographically, Volume 15, 1379
7. Haji Abraham Goldsmith, AA. Introduction Diagnose Architecture Rural Iran, center of
publication of the University Beheshti, Tehran, 1385
8. Sharia Zadeh, Ali Asghar. Alcove Turkmen, set Articles the people Biology, first office,
Spring 1362
9. Kasra'ian, Nasrallah. Arshyzyba. Turkmens Iran, Nasrallah publication Kasra'ian, 1370
10. www.google.com
11. www.ostan-kz.ir
12. www.jamejamonline.ir
13. www.riverat.net
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