1. home and garden
2. home improvement and repair
3. roofing

EVALON®
Waterproofing Membranes
Installation Manual
1
EVALON
®
The ultimate flat-roofing system
The alwitra waterproofing system
EVALON® waterproofing membranes are part of the proven
alwitra waterproofing system. This system comprises:
1
waterproofing membranes
roof edge trim profiles
incl. colour coating
2
2
11
4
4
10
9
5
6
8
7
9
10
wall flashing profiles
incl. colour coating
5
colour coating
6
coated metal sheets
7
1
8
wall capping profiles
incl. colour coating
3
3
snow guard profile
daylight systems
rainwater outlets
flat roof vents
11 paving slab supports
Please see our tutorial videos for laying and welding the waterproofing
membranes EVALON® under http://alwitra.de/en/videos-english/
or scan the QR-Code.
2
alwitra flat roof systems
With its flat roof systems EVALON® and EVALASTIC® alwitra offers two technically and
technologically aligned product groups for intelligent roof waterproofing solutions
with a worldwide record of experience, including all flashings, cappings and roof
penetrations, permanently and reliably resisting any impacts and stresses.
To complement the core system elements, i. e. the waterproofing membranes, the complementary system components
• roof edge trim profiles incl. colour coating
• wall capping profiles incl. colour coating
• wall flashing profiles incl. colour coating
• daylight systems
• rainwater outlets
• flat roof vents
• paving slab supports
• standing seam effect profiles
are matched in form, colour, function, jointing techniques and characteristics.
All flat roof system products can be installed safely and quickly, they provide maximum
creative freedom and are particularly economic due to their durability.
3
alwitra installation tool set
consisting of:
• silicone roller
• ballpen
• brass roller
• installation manual
• seam checker
• protective gloves
• membrane scissors
• service bag
• membrane cutter
• brush bottle for solvent welding agent
• flat brush
• squeeze bottle for EVALON® liquid
• folding ruler
4
Installation method
Fields of application
Flat roofs
non-ventilated roofs
(warm deck roofs)
WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANES
loose laid with ballast
WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANES
loose laid and mechanically fastened
WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANES
bonded
in seam overlap or with
field fastening
with cold or hot-melt
adhesives
EVALON® V
EVALON® V
EVALON® VG
EVALON® V
EVALON® VG
EVALON® VSK
EVALON® VGSK
depending on the
purpose and the
conditions, especially
unevenness of the
substrate
depending on the
building material class
of the insulation
material and on the
approved roof
build-up
on thermal insulation
materials with backing
or fire-retardant layer,
depending on the
approved roof build-up
gravel, roof
gardens,concrete
paving slabs
national guidelines
apply e. g. EVALON® VG
on unbacked rigid polystyrene foam
without separation
and fire-retardant layer
ventilated (two layer)
roofs (cold deck roofs)
inverted roofs
DUO roofs
directly on bitumnous
waterproofings to be
refurbished or self-adhesive EVALON® VGSK,
bonded directly on
unbacked rigid EPS
foam boards (national
guidelines apply).
EVALON® V
EVALON® V
EVALON® VG
EVALON® V
EVALON® VG
EVALON® VSK
depending on the
conditions, especially
unevenness of the
substrate
depending on the
building material class
of the upper layer and
on the approved roof
build-up
on a non-combustible
upper layer or
fire retardant layer,
depending on the
approved roof build-up
EVALON® V
depending on the
conditions, especially
unevenness of the
substrate
5
Contents
1 Subject and range of application .......................................................................................... 10
2 Product range ...................................................................................................................... 11
3 Packaging, transportation, storage and disposal .................................................................. 12
3.1 Packaging, transportation and storage of the waterproofing membranes
and the auxiliary materials ............................................................................................... 12
3.2 Disposal of construction site waste and packaging material .............................................. 13
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area ................................................................................ 14
4.1 Application principles ...................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Selection of membrane/tape widths ................................................................................ 21
5 Welding techniques .............................................................................................................22
5.1 Hot air welding ................................................................................................................. 22
5.1.1 Conditions ............................................................................................................... 22
5.1.2 Hot air welding with welding machines ..................................................................... 23
5.1.3 Manual hot air welding ............................................................................................. 25
5.2 Solvent welding ...............................................................................................................26
5.2.1 Conditions ...............................................................................................................26
5.2.2 Welding with alwitra solvent welding machine...........................................................26
5.2.3 Manual solvent welding with the alwitra brush bottle................................................ 27
5.3.1 Butt joints of unbacked membranes .........................................................................28
5.3.2 Butt joints of backed membranes .............................................................................29
5.4 Seam checking ................................................................................................................30
5.5 Sealing of seams ..............................................................................................................31
5.6 Leak test ......................................................................................................................... 32
5.6.1 Leak test by flooding ................................................................................................ 32
5.6.2 Leak test by measuring ............................................................................................ 32
6
5.3 Welding of T-joints ...........................................................................................................28
5.7 Welding of weathered membranes ................................................................................... 33
Contents
6 Laying methods and repair of the roof waterproofing ............................................................34
6.1 Wind loads at the flat roof ................................................................................................ 34
6.2 Waterproofing membranes loose laid with ballast ............................................................ 35
6.2.1 Types of ballast and ballast calculation .................................................................... 35
6.2.2 Loose laying with ballast .........................................................................................40
6.3 Waterproofing membranes loose laid and mechanically fastened ......................................41
6.3.1 Fastening methods and calculation of the required quantity of fasteners ....................41
6.3.2 Fastening plan ........................................................................................................ 42
6.3.3 Fasteners ................................................................................................................ 43
6.3.4 Mechanical fastening in the seam area ....................................................................44
6.3.5 Mechanical fastening with b/s/t field fasteners ........................................................48
6.4 EVALON® waterproofing membranes bonded .................................................................... 50
6.4.1 Preparing the substrate for refurbishment .................................................................51
6.4.2 Adhesives ............................................................................................................... 52
6.4.2.1 Bonding with alwitra adhesive L 40 .................................................................. 54
6.4.2.2 Bonding with alwitra adhesive PUR D .............................................................. 57
6.4.2.3 Bonding with bituminous hot-melt bonding agent
and by melt-on method .................................................................................. 59
6.4.3 Suitability of cold-bonding adhesives .......................................................................61
6.4.4 Installation scheme ................................................................................................ 62
6.4.5 Bonding with self-adhesive membranes EVALON® VSK ..............................................64
6.4.5.1 Application instructions for alwitra primer SK and SK-L...................................... 65
6.4.6 Bonding with self-adhesive membranes EVALON® VGSK ........................................... 67
6.4.6.1 Bonding on unbacked EPS rigid foam boards ................................................... 67
6.4.6.2 Bonding to other substrates, e.g. bituminous membranes ............................... 67
7
Contents
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing .......................................................................69
7.1 Requirements ..................................................................................................................69
7.2 Line fastening .................................................................................................................. 70
7.2.1 Line fastening with EVALON® coated metal sheets ..................................................... 70
7.2.2 Line fastening with clamping bars (Peel-Stops) ......................................................... 73
7.3 Linear fastening ............................................................................................................... 74
7.3.1 Linear perimeter fastening using single fixings.......................................................... 74
7.3.2 Line fastening with alwitra rooflight kerbs ................................................................ 75
8 Temporary securing of the edge for work breaks ................................................................... 76
9 Installing maintenance walkways on the roof waterproofing .................................................. 77
10 Waterproofing of parapets .................................................................................................... 79
10.1 Waterproofing concept for the parapet ............................................................................ 79
10.2 Protection against wind uplift ......................................................................................... 81
10.3 Edge protection of the roof waterproofing ....................................................................... 81
10.4 Installation with EVALON® VSKA tapes ............................................................................ 82
10.5 Installation of corner waterproofing ................................................................................84
10.5.1 External corners .....................................................................................................84
10.5.2 Internal corners (inner top side of parapets) ...........................................................84
10.5.3 Internal corners ..................................................................................................... 85
11 Flashing to kerbs - wall flashing ...........................................................................................86
11.1 Required flashing height of the roof waterproofing ...........................................................86
11.2 Laying of tapes ............................................................................................................... 87
11.3 Protection of the tape .....................................................................................................88
11.4 Wall flashing with EVALON® coated metal sheet ...............................................................88
11.5 Flashing to firewalls ........................................................................................................90
12 Waterproofing of expansion joints and connection to other types of roofing ..........................92
8
12.1 Waterproofing of expansion joints ................................................................................... 92
Contents
12.2 Installation of a flashing to roof waterproofing made of different material ........................ 93
13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details.............................................................94
13.1 Flashing of roof edge trim profiles ...................................................................................94
13.2 Flashing to alwitra rainwater outlets and flat roof vents ................................................... 95
13.3 Flashing of roof penetrations with EVALON® sleeves ........................................................ 97
13.4 Flashing of roof penetrations with cut-to-size sleeve of
unbacked EVALON® material, 1.5 mm thick ......................................................................98
13.5 Flashing to kerbs of alwitra rooflights and smoke and heat vents .....................................99
13.6 Flashing of arcade rooflights to the roof waterproofing .................................................. 100
13.7 Gravel stop made of EVALON® coated aluminium sheets ................................................. 101
14 Securing the position of lightning conductor holders .......................................................... 102
15 Forming of EVALON® coated metal sheets ............................................................................ 103
15.1 Cutting ..........................................................................................................................103
15.2 Bending ....................................................................................................................... 104
Notes ........................................................................................................................................105
9
1 Subject and range of application
This installation manual contains basic rules and serves as a guideline for roof waterproofing with EVALON® waterproofing membranes for new building and refurbishment. They are
the manufacturer’s instructions and guidelines for roofers and construction site managers.
They are the result of decades of practical experience in the laying of alwitra waterproofing
membranes on millions of square metres of roof areas.
Adherence to the relevant technical rules, as published in standards and regulations, as
well as to the workers protection and safety regulations is obligatory.
The handling instructions and notes on container labels and safety data sheets for alwitra
adhesives and auxiliary materials are to be observed.
Drawings included in these instructions are not true to scale and are schematic.
As of February 2015 1
Technical changes reserved
This manual replaces all former alwitra installation manuals for EVALON® waterproofing membranes.
1
10
2 Product range
EVALON® waterproofing membranes are high-quality synthetic membranes which come in 4
different types, complete with preformed details, coated metal sheets and auxiliary materials.
EVALON® V
with polyester
fleece backing
EVALON® VG
with glass/
polyester fleece
backing
effective thickness of
waterproofing layer [mm]
Membrane widths [m]
- with welding lap on one side
- with welding lap on both sides
EVALON® VSK
with polyester
fleece backing
and self-adhesive coating
EVALON VGSK
with glass/
polyester fleece
backing and
self-adhesive
coating
1.2 / 1.5 1
1.05 / 1.55 / 2.05
1.09 / 1.59
Tape widths [cm]
1.05 / 1.55
1.09 / 1.59
1.05
54 / 79
Standard length [m]
25
Specified lenghts
on request
Standard colours
white / light grey / slate grey
Special colours 2
on request
Accessories:
EVALON® tape widths [cm],
unbacked 3
16 / 20 / 25 / 33 / 50 / 66 / 75 / 105 / 155 / 200
EVALON® preformed details
- internal / external corners
- flange 4 / sleeve
- lightning conductor and
cable penetrations
•
•
•
EVALON® coated metal sheets
- sheets 1 m x 2 m
Adhesives
- alwitra L 40
- alwitra PUR D
white / light grey / slate grey
•5
•5
•5
•5
alwitra solvent welding agent
•
•
•
EVALON® liquid
alwitra membrane cleaner
EVALON® VSKA tapes
self-adhesive [cm]
- with welding lap on one side
- with welding lap on both sides
33 / 43 / 63
66 / 86 / 126
alwitra primer SK/SK-L
Other thicknesses on request
3
With transparent protective foil (tear off for application)
5
Bonding is not possible on top of unbacked insulation
1
•5
Green, brick red
4
For alwitra rainwater outlets and vents
2
11
3 Packing, transportation, storage and disposal
3.1 Packaging, transportation and storage of the waterproofing membranes
and the auxiliary materials
At the factory, the waterproofing membrane rolls are individually wrapped and laid
horizontally on pallets of up to 15 units, for transportation.
After long-term storage, small buckles may show at the roof membrane after laying. 2
The membrane rolls must be stored horizontally on a dry and clear area. They must be
stored in a sheltered area, or covered with tarpaulin. Moisture on the membranes may
impair weldability.
Fully loaded pallets have a weight of 470 kg to 1,500 kg. Temporary storage on roofs should
be in rolls and evenly spread over the roof deck, on lightweight steel decking only in load
bearing areas.
The auxiliary materials are packed in weather-proof synthetic/tin containers, hobbocks or
cans. Please note the storage conditions and shelf life warnings on the container labels!
Materials from open containers can be handled only for a short time.
See also 4.1 Tips for installation.
2
12
3 Packing, transportation, storage and disposal
3.2 Disposal of construction site waste and packaging material
The EVALON® waterproofing membranes have also been designed to avoid waste. When
installing them, there does not have to be unnecessary extra material. Construction site
waste 3 does not need special monitoring.
3
Construction site waste (waste materials classification 17 09 04) are matters in the form of mixed
residuary building materials. This includes waterproofing membranes, membrane tapes and old
waterproofing membranes (the corresponding national regulations apply).
13
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
4.1 Application principles
Assessment of roof waterproofing
>> Roof waterproofing design 4 - non-used roof areas
According to DIN 18531 - waterproofing for non-used roofs - the minimum nominal thicknesses
of synthetic waterproofing membranes are to be designed according to requirements and
application category.
Application category K1 (standard configuration)
Roof waterproofing to meet standard requirements fall into application category K1. As a
precondition, the minimum slope of the surface to be waterproofed must not be less than 2 %.
The following applies for EVA membranes (EVALON®):
Minimum nominal thickness 1.2 mm (Thickness without backing and self-adhesive layer)
e. g. EVALON® V with polyester fleece backing
Marking according to DIN 18531-2
DE/E1 EVA-BV-K-PV-1.2
DE= roof waterproofing single ply
E1= property class 1
EVA= description of synthetic material
BV= bitumen-compatible
K= backing
PV= polyester fleece
1.2= membrane thickness in mm without backing
For roofs and/or roof areas with a slope < 2 %, as regards material selection for the roof
waterproofing the design rules for application category K2 apply.
The corresponding national regulations apply.
4
14
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
Application category K2 (enhanced configuration)
Roof waterproofing to meet higher demands of designers/investors (e. g. due to high-grade
building usage, multi-storey buildings, difficult-to-access buildings) fall into category K2.
A slope of at least 2 % at waterproofing level and at least 1 % in the valley areas must be
observed.
The following applies for EVA membranes (EVALON®):
Minimum nominal thickness 1.5 mm
(Thickness without backing and self-adhesive layer)
>> Used roof areas
For used roofs (DIN 18195) with high loads, e.g. terraces, intensive roof gardens,
the minimum nominal thickness is 1.5 mm (Thickness without backing and self-adhesive
layer)
e. g. EVALON® V with polyester fleece backing
Marking according to DIN 18195-2
BA EVA-BV-K-PV-1.5
BA= waterproofing for foundations
EVA= description of synthetic material
BV= bitumen-compatible
K= backing
PV= polyester fleece
1.5= membrane thickness in mm without backing
15
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
>> Seam overlap
EVALON® waterproofing membranes are marked with several dashed lines along one longitudinal edge. These markings can be used as guiding lines for the corresponding lap width
and are
• approx. 5 cm for bonding and loose laying under ballast (min. overlap 4 cm)
• approx. 11 cm for load distribution plates 40 x 82 mm (mechanical fastening)
• approx. 12 cm for load distribution plates Ø 50 mm (mechanical fastening)
For application on unbacked, rigid polystyrene foam (e. g. EVALON® V, loose laid under
ballast), the lap width should be at least 6 cm. If necessary, the insulation boards have to
be protected from hot air ingress or spilt solvent agent in the membrane lap area to
avoid damage to the insulation material.
16
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
>> Laying order
Regardless of the type and the laying method of the membranes, the seam laps can be
arranged both with or against the “water flow”, due to the homogeneous seam welding.
When installing with the “water flow”, water may ingress under already laid membranes if
it rains while waterproofing works are still in progress 5.
water flow
laying order
water flow
laying order
>> “Separation” of the roof waterproofing
The field sheet is always “separated” from the waterproofing membrane of parapet and
upstand flashings.However, membranes of the field area are principally raised approx.
5 cm on parapets and upstands. Timber or insulation fillets are not required.
On areas with a steep slope, solvent welding will be easier, with laps being arranged against the
5
“water flow”.
17
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
>> Laying direction
Generally, the EVALON® waterproofing membranes can be laid parallel or perpendicular
to the roof slope. If using mechanical seam fastening of the waterproofing membranes
on corrugated steel or timber decks, the membranes have to be laid perpendicularly to
the span direction of the steel sheets or the boarding.
laying direction of waterproofing membranes
span direction timber boarding
span direction steel sheets
>> Position of butt joints
At the end of the membrane, i. e. normally after 25 m, the backed EVALON® V / VG / VSK / VGSK
waterproofing membranes can be butt-jointed or hot air welded at an overlap of approx.
2 - 3 cm and covered with an unbacked tape of at least 16 cm width.
18
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
Unbacked membranes, however, are laid,
min. 16 cm
correspondant to the longitudinal edge, with
an overlap of at least 4 cm at the end of the
membrane.
Double T-joints should be avoided!
Double T-joints are avoided by a staggered arrangement of the membrane ends.
If membrane ends are arranged withoutstagger, the end joints are to be covered with an
unbacked tape of at least 16 cm width.
laying order
laying order
Positioning of membrane ends with offset
Positioning of membrane ends without offset
In case of low ambient temperatures, small ripples may show on the waterproofing
membrane after laying (especially when warm weather returns).
>> Tips for installation
Fix the membranes at one end mechanically, then heat the membranes slightly during
installation and pull it tight.
19
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
>> Formation of expansion joints
Waterproofing of type I joints (DIN 18531):
Over the joint the roof waterproofing can be laid flat in a single ply. For roof waterproofing
with EVALON® waterproofing membranes over joints, they
• can be laid flat in bonded build-ups with
expansions up to 5 mm
• in case of loose laid EVALON® membranes,
can be laid over joints up to 10 mm,
provided the membranes are supported
at the joint area.
Waterproofing of type II joints (DIN 18531): Depending on the extent and the frequency of
expansion joints, the type of sealing is to be decided upon individually, e.g.
• by installing loops of EVALON® tapes
including suitable support profile (e.g.
round PE foam cord) for expansions up
to 25 mm (joint width up to 30 mm)
Type II joint sealing may be raised over the waterproofing level, e. g. by placing wedgeshaped insulation elements or cants (fillets). Parts of the field area separated by elevations
have to have independent drainage.
20
4 Waterproofing concept for the roof area
4.2 Selection of membrane / tape widths
The manufacturing of different membrane and tape widths allows for a quick and almost
faultless laying, regardless of the roof geometry and the laying method (see chapter 6).
• For loose laid waterproofing membranes (EVALON ® V) with ballast, membrane
widths up to 2.05 m can be used.
• For loose laid and mechanically seam fastened waterproofing membranes, usually
EVALON ® V / EVALON ® VG membranes are used according to the fastening plan.
Depending on the required amount of fasteners, 1.05 m / 1.55 m wide membranes and
0.54 m / 0.79 m wide tapes are available.
• For loose laid waterproofing membranes (EVALON® V / EVALON® VG) mechanically
fastened in a grid pattern (field fastening), the respectively largest widths available
(2.05 m / 1.55 m) can be used.
• For bonded waterproofing membranes (EVALON® V / EVALON® VG) depending on the
application method (rolling / folding), membrane widths of 1.55 m or 1.05 m or
EVALON® VSK / VGSK with a self adhesive coating and a width of 1.05 m on a suitable
substrate can be used.
21
5 Welding techniques
The overlap of several EVALON® waterproofing membranes or with EVALON® coated
metal sheets is intended to provide a homogeneous connection of materials or welding,
which is free from extraneous matter. The welding is almost entirely independent of the
weather conditions.
The overlapping areas must be dry and free of dirt and debris. The contact areas are
heated with hot air to a workable condition,or evenly wetted with solvent welding agent
and fused with moderate pressure. If seam edges are welded over with the next membrane, a tape, or a preformed detail, they have to be chamfered over the whole width of
the welding seam to avoid so called capillary effects (e. g. T-joints).
5.1 Hot air welding
The seams have to be seal-welded at least 2 cm from the top edge of the membrane.
min. 2 cm
5.1.1 Conditions
Hot air welding is possible without further measures at ambient temperatures of at least
+5 °C. Depending on the weather conditions and the model of hot air welding machines
the hot air temperature should be approx. 470 - 570 °C. By preheating the seam areas,
welding is also possible at lower ambient temperatures.
Test welds are obligatory!
22
5 Welding techniques
5.1.2 Hot air welding with welding machines
For the hot air welding of EVALON® waterproofing membranes, all approved self-propelled
hot air welding machines for synthetic membranes can be used 6.
With hot air welding machines 2.5 m to 3.5 m of seam per minute can be welded. The seams
are welded in one operation.
For further information please contact alwitra.
6
23
5 Welding techniques
Depending on
• the ambient temperature and possible wind
• the temperature of the substrate and
• the temperature of the waterproofing
membranes
at the machine 7
• the speed
• if necessary, the volume of air and
• the hot air temperature have to be adjusted
to ensure an even and homogeneous fusing in the weld.
Test welds are obligatory!
For welding machines without crawler drive, and depending on the weather conditions and
the roof slope, a welding aid may be necessary to ensure a weld seam without wrinkles.
The alwitra welding aid, made of non-welding elastomeric material (150 mm wide and
approx. 25 m long) is loosely placed onto the membrane immediately infront of the welding
machine, level with the upper edge and is removed after welding for further use.
Please note the manufacturer‘s operating instructions, especially the connected loads!
7
230 V, 4,600 W, 20 A / 380 V, 5,000 W, 15 A.
24
5 Welding techniques
5.1.3 Manual hot air welding
All hot air guns 8 with an angled nozzle (approx. 40 mm wide), which produce the necessary
hot air temperature of approx. 470 - 570 °C, can be used.
The hot air gun is to be inserted at an angle of
• approx. 45° to the membrane edge and
• approx. 30° to the roof area
into the seam overlap.
Membranes are seal-welded in one operation by moving backwards, where as small tapes
(up to 33 cm) are first tacked and then seal-welded.
When seal-welding, the nozzle must be inserted between the membranes in a way that the
top membrane edge will also be heated and plastified.
The plastified lap areas will be fused by applying moderate pressure with a silicone pressure roller, following parallel to the opening of the nozzle. Due to the backwards movement,
the nozzle always blows against already seal welded areas of the seam.
Please note the manufacturer‘s operating instructions, especially the connected loads!
8
e. g. Leister, Type Triac.
25
5 Welding techniques
5.2 Solvent welding
The seams have to be welded at a width of at least 3 cm from the top membrane edge with
min. 10 ml of solvent welding agent per metre.9 The solvent welding is done in one
operation.
5.2.1 Conditions
EVALON® waterproofing membranes can be welded with solvent welding agent 10 without
additional measures, at ambient temperatures of at least +15 °C and normal relative
humidity (up to approx. 80 %). If the seam areas are preheated with hot air, welding may be
possible at even lower temperatures. The seam areas must be dry and clean, they
must not be under tension and show no wrinkles.
Test welds are obligatory!
5.2.2 Welding with alwitra solvent welding machine
With the alwitra solvent welding machine on a plain substrate, 8 m to 12 m seam per
minute can be welded.
The solvent welding agent, released by the
pro-portioning valve, flows out of the store
tank into the flat brush which is inserted
into the lap. The flat brush applies the solvent welding agent to the contact surfaces.
The pair of following rollers seals the seam
area by applying its own weight.
With dark colour membranes and high temperatures, approx. 20 ml per metre.
9
10
For workers protection and prevention of accidents see the Safety Data Sheet.
26
5 Welding techniques
5.2.3 Manual solvent welding with the alwitra brush bottle
By using the alwitra brush bottle, 2 m to 3 m seam per minute can be welded. By slightly
squeezing the elastic brush bottle, the screwed-on angled flat brush applies an even
layer of solvent agent onto the contact surfaces. With an absorbent cloth in the other
hand, the activated seam area is fused by applying moderate pressure along the seam.
Excess solvent agent at the seam edge can be removed with the cloth. In some cases, it
may be appropriate to apply additional pressure with a silicone or metal pressure
roller.
Advantages of the alwitra brush bottle:
• even and controlled application onto the contact surfaces,
• continuous seam welding,
• no spillage of solvent welding agent on other areas of the membrane from dripping flat
brushes or knocked-over containers.
27
5 Welding techniques
5.3 Welding of T-joints
T-joints must be formed very carefully, in order to prevent capillary action.
T-joints must be thoroughly welded with hot air (hot air gun) only. Areas between the
T-joints can also be solvent-welded.
5.3.1 Butt joints of unbacked membranes
Unbacked membranes are laid, correspondant to the longitudinal edge, with an overlap of at
least 4 cm at the end of the membrane. The top corner of the membrane must be rounded off!
Before welding the T-joint, the respective inner (middle) membrane end must be chamfered over the whole lap width (min. 4 cm).
laying order
min. 4 cm
min. 4 cm
min. 4 cm
This can be done with the hot nozzle of a
round off
hot air gun, if necessary, with a metal plate
serving as an underlay.
28
5 Welding techniques
5.3.2 Butt joints of backed membranes
Backed membranes (EVALON® V / VG / VSK / VGSK), at the end of the membrane, are tacked
or bonded with hot air with an overlap of approx. 2 - 3 cm 11 and covered with an unbacked
tape 12 of at least 16 cm width. The length of the tape: membrane width + approx. 5 cm.
At one end of the tape, both corners have to be rounded off.
Place the tape at the centre of the joint with
min. 16 cm
the rounded-off end extending approx. 5 cm
onto the previously laid membrane, which
is through at the joint. The other side of the
tape should end level with the membranes
min. 4 cm
the middle, with hot air and seal it all around
the perimeter.
branes to be joined, which are under the
rounded-off end of the tape, must be chamfered at a width of approx. 5 cm or 10 cm
approx. 5 cm
The longitudinal seam edges of the mem-
laying order
to be joined. Tack the strip in this position, in
min. 16 cm
each. As must the longitudinal seam edges
at the other end of the tape itself, at the
width of the lap.
After chamfering, the strip will be seal-welded at its longitudinal edges and at the
rounded-off end. Be especially careful when welding the chamfered areas with hot air.
11
Advantageous at low temperatures.
12
16 cm tape width for mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes, e. g. if fasteners are placed at
the butt joint.
29
5 Welding techniques
The welding edge of the following membrane overlaps another longitudinal edge of
the joined membranes and the tape in the chamfered area by at least 4 cm. Again, be
min. 4 cm
especially careful when welding the chamfered areas with hot air.
chamfered areas
5.4 Seam checking
After the seam has cooled down to the ambient temperature, or the solvent welding agent
has evaporated, the sealing layer from the seam edge (min. 2 cm or 3 cm) must be cohesive
without any foreign matter over the complete welding width, and the seam has to be
permanently waterproof and highly resistant. The performance of the roof sealing depends
to a great extent on the quality of the seam.
In order to detect possible voids, the welding seams must be tested over the complete
length, paying special attention to the T-joints.
Allow at least approx. 3 - 5 hours to pass before testing solvent-welded seams (depending
on weather conditions). Seams welded with hot air can be tested immediately after cooling
down to the ambient temperature.
30
5 Welding techniques
A non-destructive test along the seam
edges can be done by the roofer with an
alwitra seam checker.13
At voids the point of the seam checker
can penetrate into the overlap. Seal-weld
voids with hot air (hot air gun). Welded
seams on coated metal angles can be
tested only by means of a peeling test;
therefore the sealing has to be cut.
5.5 Sealing of seams
Seam edges of EVALON® waterproofing membranes, whether backed or unbacked, do not
require sealing, as the membranes do not have any reinforcement. The sealing gives
additional protection for the seam edge.
After seam testing, the seam edges can be
sealed with approx. 10 ml EVALON® liquid
per metre welded seam; i. e. approx. 250 m
of seam edges with 2.5 L EVALON® liquid.
The seam edges have to be dry and clean,
the same conditions as for solvent welding
(see chapter 5.2.1) apply.
13
Other test methods, such as vacuum testing, are normally not available to the roofer.
31
5 Welding techniques
5.6 Leak test
5.6.1 Leak test by flooding
Leak testing of the roof waterproofing by flooding is possible. After completion of the roof
waterproofing incl. seam testing and, if necessary, sealing, the roof area is flooded with
coloured water (e.g. fluorescein sodium) for several days to an average height of at least
10 cm (=1 kN/m²). All outlets are to be temporarily closed. The water level on the roof must
be checked every day and there also have to be visual controls carried out inside the
building (e. g. also with UV lamps) and the results recorded.
After completion of the flooding test, the roof must be drained (be careful when opening
the outlets!), inspection samples of the complete build-up structure are taken at the lowest
points.
In case of leakages, considerable moisture may intrude into the roof build-up.
A leak test by flooding is only possible if the additional load will not exceed the bearing
capacity and the safe deflexion of the supporting substructure.
5.6.2 Leak test by measuring
Specialized organisations like building diagnostics companies provide leak testing of roof
waterproofing using appropriate measuring methods. The results of the leak test should be
included into the Acceptance Report.
32
5 Welding techniques
5.7 Welding of weathered membranes
Generally, EVALON® waterproofing membranes may be fused with new material (EVALON®)
on site after years. Necessary technological changes (closing of roof penetrations, flashing
of new penetrations to the existing roof sealing) and repairs of damage resulting from inexpert handling, can be carried out with the same material. Where it is to overlap with the new
material, the weathered surface must be thoroughly cleaned with low-surface-tension
water (water with dish-washing liquid), if necessary, after drying, with alwitra cleaner for
waterproofing membranes. The overlapping surfaces must be absolutely dry and clean and
can be welded with solvent welding agent (brush bottle) or hot air.
Test welds are obligatory!
Weathered unbacked membranes - if the underneath is clean - can also be welded to underlying new material. Humidity and moisture trapped under the membranes may impair
weldability. The described pretreatment, particularly the drying, is essential for the welding
area.
33
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
The waterproofing membranes can be fixed against wind uplift by
• ballast,
• mechanical fastening or
• bonding.
Ballast and mechanical fastening also fix build-up layers under the waterproofing membrane,
which can thus be loose laid. Bonding of the waterproofing membrane is only possible if
the build-up layers are stationary, and on substrates, which are suitable for the
corresponding adhesive.
6.1 Wind loads at the flat roof
Wind loads at the flat roof
• mass (weight) of the ballast,
• amount of mechanical fasteners or
• amount of adhesive
for the expected wind loads must be calculated with regard to
• the location (wind zone, height),
• the dimensions of the building,
• the form / slope of the roof and
• the substrate / wall openings
and should be differentiated according to
• the centre area
• the perimeter area
• the corner area
of the roof.
The calculation has to be done as a project-related individual calculation, according to
DIN EN 1991-1-4 or to the corresponding national regulations.
34
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.2 Waterproofing membrane loose laid with ballast
6.2.1 Types of ballast and ballast calculation
>> Gravel
consisting of washed round pebbles (16/32 mm) with max. 15 % broken stones can be
directly applied as ballast on EVALON® waterproofing membranes (EVALON® V / VG), without a protection layer. For higher percentages of broken stones, a protection layer must be
installed (e. g. for pneumatic gravel feeding).
min. 5 cm
The thickness of the gravel layer must be at least 5 cm.
The weight of gravel (16/32 mm) is approx. 18 kg/m² (≈0.18 kN/m²) per 1 cm fill height.
In perimeter and corner areas as well as on sloped surfaces the gravel layer can be
consolidated with a suitable adhesive to prevent whirling up.
35
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
>> Concrete slabs / hollow grid tiles
A loose laid protection layer e. g. rot-proof fleece, building-protection mat 14 (The compatibility of materials needs to be considered.) or similar, must be placed between the roof
sealing and the concrete slabs or hollow grid tiles!
Concrete slabs laid closely together, (e. g. 100 x 25 x 5 cm) have a weight of approx. 22 - 24 kg/m2
(≈0.22 - 0.24 kN/m²) per 1 cm thickness and hollow grid tiles (60 x 40 x 8 / 10 cm), filled
with gravel (16/32 mm), a weight of approx. 20 kg/m² (≈0.2 kN/m²) per 1 cm thickness. The
longer edge of rectangular slabs must be laid parallel to the roof edge.
>> Inverted roof
The thermal insulation, made of extruded polystyrene boards with a rebated edge, is laid in
a single layer directly onto the EVALON® waterproofing membranes without a separation
layer. Between the thermal insulation boards and the ballast, a filter layer made of synthetic fleece (min. 140 g/m²), or a draining fleece layer, must be placed. The required thickness of the ballast 15 with loose laid waterproofing membranes is calculated for wind loads
according to the “Guidelines for flat roofs”, Appendix I, or in an individual calculation. If
gravel is used as ballast, the gravel layer must have a thickness of at least 5 cm.
Concrete slabs / hollow grid tiles
36
Inverted roof
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
>> Paving flags
Paving flags can be installed on alwitra paving slab supports, in an underlayer of gravel or
chalk free grit, or in a bed of mortar (on a draining layer). Between the paving slab supports
or the gravel or grit underlayer and the EVALON® waterproofing membranes, a protection
layer of building-protection mat or similar should be installed. Screed or mortar layers are
to be separated from the roof sealing with a double-ply PE membrane as “sliding layer”.
alwitra paving slab support with spacer PA 20 plus:
>> Installation notes
Laying accessible paviours onto alwitra paving slab supports secured against reverse
rotation and over-tightening is simple and largely unaffected by weather conditions. Once
the waterproofing is completed, the following is applied one after the other:
• protection layer
• paving slab supports (if necessary, with support plates)
• paving slab (min. 4 cm thick)
• spacers
E. g. “KRAITEC protect” company Kraiburg, Salzwedel, Germany or “Regupol 9510”, BSW, Bad Berle-
14
burg, Germany. Disposal of other building-protection mats can possibly lead to slight staining and
embossing at the surface of the waterproofing membranes.
15
Lower values indicated in admission reports for the insulation system “inverted roof” refer only to the
wind uplift protection of the insulation boards.
37
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
It is recommended that installation should commence from outlets towards perimeters,
cutting slabs at the perimeters as required.
At the perimeters the paving must be permanently secured against lateral movement. An
adjacent coarse gravel band is not sufficient.
The paving slab supports are located beneath the cross joint of four slabs. A slab is supported
on each corner by one pad of the four supports. Along the perimeter of a paved area, paving
min. 23 cm
slab supports are cut and no spacers installed.
ø 15 cm
The paving slabs have to be protected
around the circumference against lateral movement.
Infinitely and individually height-adjustable up to 20 mm pads allow for tolerances in
the thickness of paving slabs and substrate, so that the top surface is smooth and
evenly sloped.
Individual height adjustment, both upwards
and downwards, can be made with a screwdriver even after the paving has been laid,
without the need for lifting the slab.
38
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
On the base plate, at the adjusting wheel of every pad, serrations are provided behind the
spacer. Insert a screwdriver through the open joint into the serration and turn the adjusting
wheel: clockwise rotation of the adjusting wheel will lower the pad, anti-clockwise rotation
will lift the pad.
If the paving is to be installed with a lower slope than the roof waterproofing, the paving
slab supports must be placed on stackable alwitra support plates 20 mm.
Note: The recommended minimum-tilt of the paviours amounts 1 %.
>> Roof gardens
Between the roof garden build-up and the EVALON® waterproofing membranes, a protection
layer or a membrane combination (protection / drainage / filter layer) must be installed.
The load from the garden layers 16 depends
on the material, the thickness and the
moisture content of the draining, filter and
vegetation mat. For calculating wind uplift,
the load of the dry roof is to be taken.
Please ask your roof garden supplier.
16
39
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.2.2 Loose laying with ballast
Protection against wind uplift 17 with ballast is permissible only if the bearing capacity of the
roof construction and, if necessary, the maximum deflexion for these loads have been
proven.
>> Installation scheme
Line out the exact position of the(row of) membranes
(repeat after 4 - 5 membranes)
Roll out the membrane, allow to relax and, if necessary,
cut to length. Note the position of the butt joints!
Align the membrane without buckles and wrinkles
along the line-out or with an overlap of approx. 4 or
6 cm to the edge of the adjacent membrane
Seal-weld the overlapping parallel edge and form
the butt joint
The ballast, including protective layer, must be applied immediately after laying the waterproofing membranes (seam testing), if necessary in sections.
17
Also for noise control.
40
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.3 Waterproofing membranes loose laid and mechanically fastened
6.3.1 Fastening methods and determination of the required quantity of
fasteners
Loose laid EVALON® V / VG waterproofing membranes can be secured against wind uplift by
mechanical fastening:
Either linear in the seam overlaps of the backed waterproofing membranes with any
approved fastener
or field fastening in a grid pattern (field fastening) 18
• with b/s/t field fasteners
For application the respective manufacturer‘s installation instructions apply.
18
41
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
The fastening method, as well as the required quantity of fasteners, has to be indicated in
the specification. The required quantity of fasteners will be determined in an project-related
individual calculation.19
In case of refurbishment, an individual calculation should be done, if necessary based on
pullout tests by the fastener manufacturer.
On non-ventilated roofs, fastening of the waterproofing membrane at the same time
as fastening the thermal insulation. If the insulation boards are not sufficiently secured
this way (min. 2 fasteners/m²), they must be additionally fixed prior to installing the
waterproofing membrane.
6.3.2 Fastening plan
If required, project-related individual calculations 20 will be produced, including installation
instructions, material requirements and fastening plan.
The fastening plan contains
• the dimensions of the field, perimeter and corner areas, as well as
• the required quantity of fastening elements per roof area.
With mechanical seam fastening, the membrane width(s), the chord width (top chord
spacing) of the metal sheets and the position of movement joints and large roof penetrations (arcade and single rooflights, natural smoke vents) are taken into consideration.
In order to draw up an individual calculation and a fastening plan, a Data Sheet
confirmed by the roofing contractor will be necessary.
On request, as a service of the fastener manufacturer.
19
By the individual calculation of the respective manufacturer.
20
42
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.3.3 Fasteners
Prior to any application, fastening systems must be tested and certified. The selection of
the fasteners (type, length) technologically depends on:
• the thickness of the build-up structure
• the material of the supporting substructure (profiled steel decking, timber deck,
derived timber product, cement or lightweight concrete)
• the strength of the substrate
• the corrosion impact from the build-up structure (especially in the case of refurbishment)
The instructions of the fastener manufacturer are to be only tread resistant fastening
systems must be used.
43
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.3.4 Mechanical fastening in the seam area
>> Installation scheme
Line out the exact position of the (row of)
membranes (repeat after 4 - 5 membranes)
Roll out the membrane, allow to relax and, if necessary,
cut to length.21 Note the position of the butt joints!
Align the membrane along the line-out or with an
overlap of min. 10 cm to the edge of the adjacent
membrane
At the beginning of the membrane set fasteners or
join with a coated metal angle and pull the membrane
tight to eliminate any buckles or wrinkles. Fix the
membrane end with at least 2 fasteners
Set fasteners at the free longitudinal edge of the
membrane. Observe spacing!
Seal-weld the overlapping longitudinal edge and
form the butt joint
21
See also 4.1 “Tips for installation”.
44
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
Especially in corner areas, fasteners may be necessary outside the seam overlap, for
example in the middle of the membrane. The fasteners outside the overlap area are
covered by seal-welding
either in a row with unbacked tapes (16 cm
wide)
or individually with round unbacked
EVALON® details, diameter at least 16 cm
You may, however, also use field fasteners
(see chapter 6.3.5).
45
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
>> Position of the fasteners
Load distribution plates must be installed at least 1 cm from the edge of the backing, rectangular load distribution plates with the longer edge being parallel to the membrane
edge.
11 cm
min.
1 cm
fastener
width
min.
1 cm
EVALON® waterproofing membranes are marked with several dashed lines along one longitudinal side. This marking can be used as a guiding line fort he corresponding lap width and is
• approx. 11 cm for load distribution plates 40 x 82 mm,
• approx. 12 cm for load distribution plates Ø 50 mm.
The fasteners must be driven in only so far as to permanently prevent rotation of the load
distribution plates and to ensure that the latter press the waterproofing membranes against
the substrate without wrinkles.
46
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
>> Use of setting tools
For an efficient and highly safe fastening in
an ergonomical working position, setting
tools may be used. Use only setting tools
with a bit stop or a dynamometric clutch.
47
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.3.5 Mechanical fastening with b/s/t field fasteners
After the waterproofing membranes have been loose laid as described in chapter 6.2.2,
the fastening is done as follows:
1
Line out 22 the corresponding fastening
grid pattern on the roof sealing for the
field, perimeter and corner area in
accordance with the b/s/t fastening
plan.
2
Apply a circle of EVALON® liquid (approx.
6 g) onto the roof sealing around the
fixing point. The membrane surface and
the field fasteners must be dry and
clean, the same requirements as for
solvent welding (see chapter 5.2.1) apply.
3
Place the b/s/t field fastener onto the
extension piece mounted to an electric
screw driver.
22
Line-out with white chalk.
48
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
4
Drive in the field fastener perpendicular
to the roof waterproofing (not in the
membrane seam area), into the substrate
until the lower surface of the plastic
plate is in full contact with the roof
waterproofing and a small amount of
EVALON® liquid is squeezed out evenly
around the circumference of the plate.
The plastic plate is seal-welded to the
roof waterproofing on its complete
lower surface (approx. 50 cm²).
If EVALON® VG is applied directly onto unbacked polystyrene boards, a sealing ring (on
demand) has to be pulled over the screw before assembling the fastener.
This packing ring prevents EVALON® liquid
coming into contact with the polystyrene.
In addition, the instructions of the manufacturer (b/s/t) need to be considered.
49
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4 EVALON® waterproofing membranes bonded
Bonding of the roof waterproofing is only recommended if loose laying with ballast, or
mechanical fastening is not possible. Bonding of the roof waterproofing is only possible
provided that all underlying functional layers are permanently stationary (Testing before
refurbishment!).
For bonding, use fleece backed waterproofing membranes EVALON® V / VG or
EVALON® VSK / VGSK with a self-adhesive coating.23 The laying of EVALON® V waterproofing
membranes is done either by rolling or folding, after applying the adhesive onto the
substrate (generally bituminous felt).
After removal of the separation foil, EVALON® VSK / VGSK is laid as described in chapter
6.4.5 and 6.4.6. The limited mobility of the roof waterproofing resulting from the bonding
makes it necessary to be especially careful when forming dilatation joints, flashings and
cappings. Dilatation stresses deriving from the roof and the layer build-up must be absorbed
without causing any damage.
not bonded
Overlaps of membrane type backings at
the joints of thermal insulation layers must
not be bonded.
23
In flashing areas, also unbacked EVALON® waterproofing membranes can be contact-bonded with a
solvent-containing adhesive to suitable substrates, or EVALON® VSKA.
50
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
Prior to expansion the roof waterproofing, non specially designed movement joints with a
width of up to 5 mm are to be covered with a tape (sliding strip) with a width of 25 cm,
fastened at one side.
After bonding, subsequent changes in the colour of the membrane surface cannot be
excluded.
6.4.1 Preparing the substrate for refurbishment
The scope of the work necessary to prepare surfaces for refurbishment 24 depends on the
existing layers or plies.
Existing bitumen covering with compressed gravel ballast
Cut open or completely scrape off blisters. Remove compressed gravel ballast with
appropriate tools and level the substrate. Apply a compensation layer, e. g. a bituminous
felt.
Existing bitumen covering under loose gravel ballast
Remove gravel ballast and bonded, tightly adhered pebbles with appropriate tools, e. g.
‘scabbler’ or roofing plane. If necessary, even the substrateby additionally torching the surface. Level any depression (e. g. removal of blisters or folds) by applying welding tapes.
Existing bitumen covering with a sand / grit coating
Cut open or completely scrape off blisters. Level any depression (e. g. removal of blisters or
folds) by applying welding tapes.
Existing synthetic membrane roof sealing
Prior to bonding to existing synthetic membrane roof waterproofing, consult with the
alwitra Technical Department is obligatory.
24
Analysis of the roof build-up provided.
51
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.2 Adhesives
Depending on the installation temperature (season), as well as on the type and characteristics of the substrate, the following adhesives are used:
>> cold-bonding adhesives
• solvent-containing synthetic adhesive alwitra L 40 rolled onto the complete surface
• moisture-curing single-component PUR adhesive alwitra PUR D, poured in lines (beads)
>> hot-melt bonding adhesives
• bituminous hot-melt bonding agent 85/25, 100/25 or 115/15, brushed onto the
complete surface or poured in lines (beads), elastomeric bitumen hot-melt bonding
agent, brushed onto the complete surface
Cold-bonding adhesives require an installation temperature of at least +5 °C. When using
hot-melt bonding adhesives, EVALON® V waterproofing membranes can be installed at
lower temperatures.
Note the instructions, especially with regard to
• the substrate conditions
• the installation temperature
• the quantities to be applied in the field,
perimeter and corner areas.
If the adhesive is applied in lines, the roof waterproofing at the perimeter and at openings
must be ensured in order to prevent wind uplift.
52
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
Prior to bonding to weathered substrates (refurbishment), a test bonding has to be
carried out to determine the behaviour of the substrate and the required amounts of
adhesive.
When applying adhesives, make sure that seam laps (welding area) and membrane joints
in particular are kept clean from adhesive.
Fillers or other solvent-containing adhesive compositions are not suitable for bonding
EVALON® membranes.
53
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.2.1 Bonding with alwitra adhesive L 40
Technical data:
Base
styrene-butadiene rubber
Consistency
vicscous, rollable / brushable
Density
approx. 1.02 g/cm³
Shelf life
min. 24 months
Storage
dry and cool, protected against direct sunlight
Substrate temperature
from +5 °C to +80 °C
Ambient temperature
from +5 °C to +40 °C
Adhesive temperature
min. +10 °C
Open time
one-side bonding: approx. 10 to 15 min
contact bonding: approx. 15 to 20 min
Substrate conditions:
stable, plain, dry, clean, free from dust, grease and oil, free from separating agents.
L 40 is suitable for bonding on many standard substrates such as concrete, light weight
concrete or sanded, gritted or mineral-coated bituminous felt. Bonding on PUR / PIR rigid
foam boards with L 40 is not permissible.
Application:
Thoroughly stir the adhesive in the container (25 kg or 9.5 kg).
The adhesive is applied
• on one side, rolled onto the complete surface in a grid pattern (one-side bonding)
• on two sides, rolled onto the complete surface in a grid pattern (contact bonding)
54
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
Minimum quantity of alwitra adhesive L 40*
• for one-side bonding
(g/m2)
Building height 1
centre area /
inner perimeter area
outer perimeter area
corner area
up to 8 m
300
350
400
over 8 up to 25 m
350
450
500
over 25 m
1
on request
Buildings in wind zone WZ 1 + WZ 2 and terrain category II + III
• for contact bonding, e. g. at parapets and upstands min. 450 g/m², at rough sheet piles
min. 600 g/m².
The above-mentioned quantities must be increased depending on the substrate conditions,
especially for rough and absorbent substrates (e. g. gritted bituminous felt). Excessive
application of adhesive (adhesive clusters) on polystyrene rigid foam boards coated with a
bituminous felt may lead to funnel shaped destruction of the rigid foam.
Before the membranes are rolled or folded onto the adhesive, allow for sufficient airing of
the solvent to reduce the amount of volatile solvent trapped under the waterproofing
membrane to a minimum. High amounts of solvent under the waterproofing membrane may
lead to temporary blisters in the membrane which will again disappear, with the volatile
solvents diffusing out. The airing time depends in particular on the ambient temperature
and humidity.
* Minimum quantity according to DIN EN 1991-1-4.
55
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
The so called finger test is the most practicle method for determining the right moment. If
the finger test produces adhesive threads, a critical point has been reached, in many cases
the wetting capability is already impaired.
After rolling or folding the waterproofing
membrane onto the adhesive, it must be
immediately pressed on tightly with a
broom.
The position of the waterproofing membrane can be adjusted immediately after it
has been rolled or folded onto the adhesive
alwitra L 40 without impairing the adhesion. Again press on tightly.
Always check the adhesiveness.
The equipment is cleaned with alwitra cleaner L 40, this must also be done before longer
work breaks.
56
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.2.2 Bonding with alwitra adhesive PUR D
Technical data:
Base
1-component polyurethane, moisture curing
Consistency
liquid, pourable
Density
approx. 1.10 g/cm³
Shelf life
min. 12 month
Storage
dry and cool, protected against direct sunlight
Substrate temperature
from +5 °C to +60 °C
Ambient temperature
from +5 °C to +40 °C
Adhesive temperature
min. +10 °C
Open time
approx. 20 min
Substrate conditions:
stable, plain, clean, free from dust, grease and oil, free from separating agents, slightly
moist to dry. If the substrate is dry, air humidity is low and temperatures are high, moisten
the substrate by spraying water fog (max. 15 g/m²)! 25 Sanded, gritted or mineral-coated
bituminous felt.
Application:
one-side bonding, poured directly out of the container (5.5 kg / 2 kg) in lines (beads) 26, approx.
50 - 60 g/m per bead. Allow for airing of the adhesive for approx. 5 - 10 minutes, then before
a film can form on the adhesive bead, roll or fold the membrane onto the PUR D adhesive
beads and press on with a broom. The width of the line under the pressed-on waterproofing
membrane must be ≥ 4 cm.
25
E. g. with an orchard sprayer.
26
Warming in a water bath will increase flowability.
57
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
Minimum quantity of alwitra adhesive PUR D*
g/m² (number of lines/m²)
Building height1
centre area /
inner perimeter area
outer perimeter area
corner area
up to 8 m
200 (4)
200 (4)
300 (6)
over 8 up to 25 m
200 (4)
300 (6)
400 (8)
over 25 m
1
–
Buildings in wind zone WZ 1 + WZ 2 and terrain category II + III
For fast adhesive application (up to 8 beads simultaneously) with regular spacing, the use
of PUR adhesive applicators (“application trolley”) is recommended.
The tools must be cleaned e. g. with acetone before the adhesive has cured.
After rolling or folding the waterproofing membrane onto the adhesive beads, it must be
immediately pressed on with a broom.
You must not correct the position of waterproofing membranes after they are rolled or
folded onto the PUR D adhesive beads, as this will significantly impair adhesion.
Adhesive beads may show through the waterproofing membrane.
PUR D is only suitable for bonding of EVALON® V / VG waterproofing membranes with a
fleece backing on sanded, gritted or mineral-coated bituminous felts. Bonding on
unbacked rigid polystyrene foam is not permissible.
PUR D is not suitable for bonding insulation materials.
* Minimum quantity according to DIN EN 1991-1-4.
58
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.2.3 Bonding with bituminous hot-melt bonding agent and by melt-on
method
Technical data:
Base
oxidized bitumen
100 °C 1
115 °C 2
25
25
15
180 °C
200 °C
210 °C
Softening point
85 °C
Penetration depth [0.1 mm]
Installation temperature
1
Consistency at installation
temperature
1
2
liquid
at roof slopes ≤ 3°
at roof slopes > 3°
Substrate conditions:
• stable, plain, clean, free from dust, grease and oil, free from separating agents
• if necessary, with a bituminous priming coat
Application:
one-side full or partial brushed (brushing method) or poured application (pouring method)
Minimum quantity of adhesive*:
(g/m2)
Building height1
centre area /
inner perimeter area
outer perimeter area
corner area
up to 25 m
200 - 400
(> 10 %)
400 - 600
(> 20 %)
1500 - 2000
(100 %) 2
400 - 600
(> 40 %)
1500 - 2000
(100 %) 2
over 25 m
1
2
on request
Buildings in wind zone WZ 1 + WZ 2 and terrain category II + III
on mineral-fibre insulation boards with bituminous adhesive layer. Approval of insulation manufacturer required
* Minimum quantity according to DIN EN 1991-1-4.
59
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
The bituminous hot-melt bonding agent, with an installation temperature according to the
previous table, is poured or brushed onto the substrate. The EVALON® V / VG waterproofing
membranes can be rolled or folded onto the hot-melt bonding agent directly, or later, when
the bonding agent is remelted by torching.
In any case, keep the upper side of the membranes and the welding edges clean from
bituminous hot-melt bonding agent; do not lay the membranes against the prevailing
wind direction.
On bituminous felts with a sufficiently thick bitumen coating, without sand or grit application,
or on bitumen beds, EVALON® V / VG waterproofing membranes can be bonded with melt-on
method. The bitumen coating or bitumen bed is melted with a suitable tool over the whole
width of the membrane and the EVALON® V / VG waterproofing membrane is rolled onto the
melted bitumen and pressed on.
Correcting the position of a waterproofing membrane after it has been rolled or folded onto
the bituminous hot-melt bonding agent is not possible. After partial bonding, the
bituminous hot-melt bonding agent may show through the waterproofing membrane.
60
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.3 Suitability of cold-bonding adhesives
With cold-bonding adhesives, pay special attention to their suitability for contact with the
substrate. On substrates which have a top separation layer, e. g. a PE foil or a talcum coating,
you cannot use cold-bonding adhesives. Such separation layers may be applied to bituminous felt sand on membrane-shaped backings or bituminous adhesive layers of thermal
insulation boards to avoid sticking of the material on the roll or transport piles 27.
Suitability of alwitra
cold-bonding adhesives on
concrete
lightweight concrete
L 40
PUR D
+
+
+
++
render, brick work
++ 1
–
steel sheet, aluminium
++
–
timber-based boards
+1
bituminous sheets ²
++
1
–
1
++
bituminous sheets, PE-foil,
polyester fleece on the
upper side
–
–
EPS / XPS rigid foam board
unbacked
–
–
EPS rigid foam board,
backed, glass fleece
–
–
EPS rigid foam board,
backed, bituminous sheets ²
++ 1
++
PUR / PIR rigid foam board,
unbacked, aluminium-laminated
–
–
PUR / PIR rigid foam board,
mineral fleece backing
–
++
mineral fibre boards,
unbacked
–
–
mineral fibre boards,
bituminised
++ 1
–
mineral fibre boards,
with anorganic coating
+1
–
1
also vertical surfaces (contact bonding)
2
sanded, gritted or with mineral-coated bituminous felt on the upper side
Legend: ++ especially suitable, + suitable, - not suitable
27
Contact manufacturer for further information.
61
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.4 Installation scheme
>> Rolling method
Line out the exact position of the (row of) membranes
(repeat after 4 - 5 membranes)
Apply the adhesive in sections in the laying
direction over the whole membrane width onto the
substrate (observe airing time)
Roll out the membrane without buckles and folds
along the line-out, or with an overlap of at least
4 cm to the edge of the adjacent membrane, onto
the adhesive, if necessary cut to length
Press on the membrane with a broom and remove
any blisters
Seal-weld the overlapping longitudinal edge and
form the butt joint
62
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
>> Folding method
Line out the exact position of the (row of)
membranes (repeat after 4 - 5 membranes)
Roll out the membrane, allow to relax and cut to
length (≤ 12.5 m). Note the position of the butt joints!
Align the membrane, without buckles and folds,
along the line-out or with an overlap of min. 4 cm to
the edge of the adjacent membrane 28
Fold back half of each membrane along its length
Apply the adhesive over the membrane width and the
complete length of the membrane onto the substrate
Subsequently fold the membrane halves onto the
adhesive, press them on with a broom and remove any
blisters
Seal-weld the overlapping longitudinal edge and
form the butt joint
28
See also 4.1 “Tips for installation”
63
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.5 Bonding with self-adhesive membranes EVALON® VSK
EVALON® VSK have a polyester fleece backing and a synthetic adhesive compound coating.
They are 25 m long and are produced with an approx. 6 cm wide unbacked welding selvedge.
After laying, the fleece backing functions as relaxing zones (vapour decompression, movement compensation, etc.). The coating is bitumen- and solvent-free and covered with a
protective foil when delivered.
Until installation, the EVALON® VSK membranes must be stored in a dark place or covered
with tarpaulin. Holes in the lower separation foil must be covered to preserve the high
adhesiveness of the self-adhesive layer.
Technical data of the self-adhesive layer:
Base
PSA adhesive, bitumen-free, solvent-free
Installation temperature
from +5 °C bis +40 °C
Storage
dry and cool, protected against light
Shelf life
min. 12 months
The bottom coating of the EVALON® VSK adheres to all standard building substrates, e. g.
bituminous felts, concrete, zinc and steel sheets, aluminium and synthetic materials.
Bonding on unbacked thermal insulation boards is not permissible. A bonding facilitator
such as alwitra primer SK or SK-L must be applied to the substrate. EVALON® VSK
membranes can be applied, as described above, without any additional precautions at
rated wind loads up to 2.5 kN/m² (Wres according to DIN EN 1991-1-4). The EVALON® VSK
membranes are not suitable for the waterproofing of flashings or roof penetrations.
Perimeter fastening (see chapter 7) is obligatory.
64
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.5.1 Application instructions for alwitra primer SK and SK-L
alwitra primer SK
Technical data
Base
solvent-free emulsion, bitumen-free
Consistency
liquid, rollable / brushable
Colour
blue
Installation temperature
min. +5 °C
Airing time
approx. 30 min 29 (after that, the roof area can be walked on)
Storage
dry, cool, frost-protected
Shelf life
min. 12 months
alwitra primer SK-L
Technical data
Base
SBS rubber, solvent-containing
Consistency
liquid, rollable / brushable
Colour
red
Installation temperature
min. +5 °C
Airing time
approx. 15 min 29 (after that, the roof area can be walked on)
Storage
dry, cool, frost-protected
Shelf life
min. 12 months
Substrate conditions:
stable, plain, clean, free from dust, grease and oil, free from separating agents
Application:
Thoroughly stir the alwitra-primer SK / SK-L in the container (25 L / 10 L). Apply evenly to the
complete surface with a brush or a paint roller.
The airing time to a great extent depends on the quantity applied, the materials and the weather conditions.
29
65
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
Min. quantity of primer:
approx. 0.2 L/m² (wet, depending on the substrate). The applied quantities must be
increased for rugged and absorbent substrates.
The primer must be completely dry before applying the EVALON® VSK / VSKA.
Note:
The alwitra primer SK-L dries faster in cool weather.
The condition of the bonding substrates and the necessity for precoating with alwitraprimer SK / SK-L (acc. to the table) may alter depending on the weather and construction
site conditions. If necessary, a test bonding has to be carried out.
Substrate
Surface condition
alwitra primer SK / SK-L
Bituminous felt
PE foil / fleece
yes 1
Bituminous felt
fine sand coating / talcum coating
yes
Bituminous felt
grit or fine slate coating
yes
Existing bitumen
weathered, dirty
yes
Synthetic membranes
weathered
no 2
Concrete
slightly moist to dry, smoothed
and well-cleaned, free from gravel
clusters, burrs and sharp edges
yes
Steel / zinc sheets
degreased
yes 2
1
2
66
shortly torch with propane until the surface shows through in dark may be
necessary depending on the type of material, to be tested in individual cases;
generally, consultations with the alwitra Technical Department are obligatory.
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
6.4.6 Bonding with self-adhesive membranes EVALON® VGSK
EVALON® VGSK waterproofing membranes have a glass/polyester fleece backing and a synthetic
adhesive compound coating. The membranes have a length of 25 m, with a non-coated, approx. 5
cm wide welding edge on one side. The self-adhesive layer is bitumen-free and solvent-free and
covered with a protective foil when delivered. Until installation, the EVALON® VGSK membranes
must be stored in a dark place or covered with tarpaulin. Holes in the lower separation foil must
be covered to preserve the high adhesiveness of the self-adhesive layer.
Technical data of the self-adhesive layer
Base
PSA adhesive bitumen-free, solvent-free
Installation temperature
from +5 °C to +40 °C
Storage
in a dry, cool and dark place
Shelf life
12 months
The EVALON® VGSK membranes are not suitable for the waterproofing of flashings or roof
penetrations. Perimeter fastening (see chapter 7) is obligatory.
6.4.6.1 Bonding on unbacked EPS rigid foam boards
EVALON® VGSK membranes can be directly bonded to stable, unbacked polystyrene EPS rigid
foam boards. The substrate must be clean, dry and free from dust. The membranes are
bonded directly to the thermal insulation without any primer. The lap width should be at
least 6 cm (the self-adhesive layer will adhere to the overlapped membrane at a width of
approx. 1 cm in the rear area), to avoid damage to the insulation material by hot air ingress or
spilt solvent-welding agent. EVALON® VGSK membranes can be applied, as described above,
without any additional precautions at rated wind loads up to substrate. EVALON® VSK membranes can be applied, as described above, without any additional precautions at rated wind
loads up to 2.5 kN/m² (Wres according to DIN EN 1991-1-4).
6.4.6.2 Bonding on other substrates, e.g. bituminous sheets
The underside coating of the EVALON® VGSK membranes adheres in connection with alwitra
primer SK or SK-L (up to rated wind loads of 3.5 kN/m²) to various substrates at the roof perimeter
e. g. concrete, bituminous felt, brick work, zinc and steel sheets, aluminium and synthetic materials.
67
6 Laying methods and fixing of the roof waterproofing
>> Installation scheme
Line out the exact position of the (row of)
membranes (repeat after 4 - 5 membranes)
Align the membrane without buckles and folds
along the line-out or with an overlap of at least 6 cm
to the grid pattern of the corresponding adjacent
membrane and, if necessary, cut to length
Tear off the separation foil at one end of the membrane,
approx. 100 - 150 cm, fix the membrane end by bonding,
pull the separation foil to one side from underneath
the membrane, and at the same time press on the
membrane with a wide broom over the whole width
and remove any blisters
Seal-weld the overlapping longitudinal edge and
form the butt joint
Tear off the protective foil
68
Pull protective foil to one side and press on,
removing any blisters
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
Perimeter fastening, which is also called perimeter fixing, is a mechanical fastening of the
roof waterproofing along its perimeters and in the field area, regardless of the type of
wind-uplift protection of the roof waterproofing (application method). It is designed to
transmit the horizontal forces that may occur in the roof waterproofing into the supporting
substructure. Perimeter fastenings can be carried out as line fastening or linear fastening.
7.1 Requirements
According to e. g. the Regulations for waterproofed roofs 30, perimeter fastening is necessary
for
• loose laid single ply coverings
• profiled steel decks and
• roof build-ups with light surface protection and rigid foam thermal insulation, bonded
with cold-bonding adhesives with after-tacking effect.
Perimeter fastening is generally recommended, especially in cases of drainage to bracketmounted gutters on outer walls.
Perimeter fastenings must be installed
• at roof perimeters,
• at flashings of upstands with an edge length over 25 cm,
• at structural expansion joints,
• at roof penetrations for single and arcade rooflights
as well as
• at valleys if the sum of the roof slopes is higher than 5 %.
Regulations for Flat Roofs, section 2.6.1 (national regulations).
30
69
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
7.2 Line fastening
7.2.1 Line fastening with EVALON® coated metal sheets
Line fastening of backed and unbacked EVALON® waterproofing membranes is primarily
carried out with EVALON® coated metal sheets. To do this, the edge of the membrane
must be welded constantly to a mechanically fixed coated metal angle (“steel edge” of
the roof waterproofing) 31 to ensure a non-positive connection.
For backed waterproofing membranes (EVALON® V / VG / VSK / VGSK) the non-positive
connection is achieved by using an unbacked EVALON® tape which is welded to both the
waterproofing membrane and at least the horizontal flange of the coated metal angle up to
the valley line.
Coated metal sheets are not clamping profiles!
31
70
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
At parapet valleys and valleys along upstands, coated metal angles sheet (5 x 5 cm) are
fixed to the parapet or the upstands. The bottom fastening of the coated metal angles can
be done directly into the substrate, or in case of thermal insulation layers, into battens
which are sufficiently secured in the substrate. Coated metals sheets are to be fastened
with non-corrosive screws or other suitable fastening elements 32.
Fastening of coated
metal sheets in
with e. g.
spacing [cm]
• SFS-Spike 4.8 x 25 mm
• SFS-RNR 6.3 x 25 mm
• body-bound rivet 4.8 / 26 mm
• screws 4.5 - 6 mm with dowel
20
20
20
20
lightweight concrete
SFS-IGF-S-8.0 x 65 mm
20
steel sheeth
steel blind rivets 4 - 5 mm
10
solid wood or chipboard
wood screws 4.5 x 25 mm
20
reinforced concrete /
solid brick
A coated metal drip edge should be fastened with two rows of fasteners (generally screws)
and secured at the gutter bracket with the bracket clamp. Fasteners may show through the
welded on tape.
Wire and clout nails, as well as so called gas concrete nails, are not suitable.
32
71
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
The joints of the coated metal sheets must be made in such a way that thermal expansion
or contraction stresses arising from thermally induced changes are absorbed without
causing damage.
In order to prevent welding in the joint area, all joints prior to the welding-on of the tape,
which must have a width of at least 16 cm, will be covered with adhesive tape with a width
of at least 2 cm (e. g. crepe tape).
72
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
7.2.2 Line fastening with clamping bars (Peel-Stops)
If line fastening with rigid clamping bars,
the bars must be waterproofed using an
unbacked tape.
Fasten the clamping bars with at least 5
suitable fastening elements per metre onto
the substrate or an auxiliary supporting
substructure.
At roof perimeters with alwitra edge trim profiles (T plus / TW 125 plus / TA / TA-4F / TAG /
art-line 1), the protection of the roof sealing against wind uplift is achieved by line
fastening using the mechanically fastened supporting flange or the fillet plate of the
roof edge trim.
73
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
7.3 Linear fastening
7.3.1 Linear perimeter fastening using single fixings
The perimeter fastening can also be carried out by using single fixings in a row (linear
fastening).
continuously
welded
The perimeter fastening of EVALON® waterproofing membranes can be done with approved
membrane fasteners (min. 3 fasteners/m) set in a row.
Generally, between the individual fasteners the flashing sheet must also be completely
welded in the valley.
74
7 Perimeter fastening of the roof waterproofing
7.3.2 Linear perimeter fastening with alwitra kerbs
If, during installation, kerbs of alwitra daylight and smoke and heat vents are directly
fastened on the roof waterproofing at waterproofing level and to the edge planks around
the opening or to an adequately suitable construction, perimeter fastening of the roof
sealing is ensured.
75
8 Temporary securing of the edge for interruption of work
Edges of roof waterproofing sections have to be secured against water ingress or wind uplift
during interruption of work, or at the end of the working day, until the work is resumed. This
should be considered when determining the laying order.
On bituminous substrates (vapour control layers, existing roof sealings) securing of the
edge can be done by bonding (e. g. EVALON® VSKA, if necessary, with alwitra primer
SK or SK-L) along the edge and with ballast (e. g. waterproofing membrane rolls on timber
planks) on the waterproofing membrane. The bonding does not need to be removed when
resuming the work and may serve as an insulation of individual roof areas.
On substrates such as vapour barriers consisting of foils on which bonding is not permissible, the temporary securing of the edge can be done with a folded-back membrane tape
and additional ballast.
76
9 Installing maintenance walkways on the roof waterproofing
EVALON® waterproofing membranes have a smooth surface to ensure fast drainage of rainwater and washing away of pollutants. If maintenance walkways are necessary on non-used
roofs without ballast, they can be carried out by installing EVALON® maintenance walkway
tiles (800 x 600 x 9 mm). The textured surface provides a strong grip, even on sloped and
wet areas.
The dark grey maintenance walkway tiles are bonded with alwitra EVATACK.
Adhesive
MS polymer
Consistency
paste-like
Storage temperature
+10 °C to +25 °C
Substrate temperature
+5 °C to +80 °C
Ambient temperature
+5 °C to +40 °C
Quantity applied
90 - 100 ml/tile
Open time
approx. 10 min
Subgrade:
The maintenance walkway tiles are bonded with alwitra EVATACK to clean and dry
fleece backed EVALON ® waterproofing membranes. Soiled bonding areas must be
cleaned thoroughly with alwitra membrane cleaner. No additional fixing measures
required.
IMPORTANT:
Stable, system-compatible bonding of EVALON® maintenance walkway tiles to EVALON®
waterproofing membranes must only be carried out with alwitra EVATACK adhesive and
sealant.
Other fixing methods such as hot air or solvent welding are not permitted.
77
9 Installing maintenance walkways on the roof waterproofing
Area of application:
For application of alwitra EVATACK, any standard caulking gun can be used.
An adhesive bead (approx. 10 mm wide) is applied to the lower side all around the maintenance walkway tile close to the edges. Then the tiles are put in place, aligned and slightly
pressed on.
It is recommended to install the tiles with a joint spacing of more than 50 mm. alwitra
EVATACK may be visible at some parts along the edges. One cartridge will bond approx. 3
maintenance walkway tiles.
78
10 Waterproofing of parapets
10.1 Waterproofing concept for the parapet
• For the single ply waterproofing of parapets, unbacked EVALON® waterproofing
membranes or tapes of the required width (girth + min. 10 cm) are used. For full surface
bonding you can also use backed EVALON® V waterproofing membranes and self adhesive EVALON® VSKA tapes.
• The waterproofing of parapets is always carried out “separately” from the waterproofing
of the field area. The waterproofing of the field area should be raised approx. 5 cm up
the parapet.
• Protection against wind uplift: The edge of the waterproofing at the top of the parapet
must be ensured against wind uplift.
• The installation method and direction of the waterproofing membranes are to be
determined depending on the characteristics of the building (height of the parapet,
width of parapet top, building material, if necessary perimeter fastening).
79
10 Waterproofing of parapets
• For parapets up to 50 cm height, membranes can be loose laid without fixing on the wall.
For parapets over 50 cm height, the membranes must be either fully bonded, or secured
intermediately with EVALON® coated metal sheets or single fasteners (max. vertical
interval 50 cm ).
The spacing between the individual fasteners must not exceed 30 cm.
80
10 Waterproofing of parapets
10.2 Protection against wind uplift
The edge of the roof waterproofing at the parapet must be sealed so asto be windproof.
With loose laid membranes, this is accomplished by windproof, mechanically fastened
EVALON® coated metal sheet angles 33, whereas fully bonded membranes, depending on
the building height and edge details (edge trim, capping), may be additionally mechanically
fastened in line.
10.3 Edge protection of the roof waterproofing
Inner edges of the parapet must be shaped in such a way that the roof waterproofing can be
applied without damage. EVALON® V / VG / VSKA membranes can be applied directly around
cut-off edges. Non cut-off, sharp edges can be covered with a mechanically fastened
EVALON® coated metal sheet angle.
E. g. by underlaying a strip of permanently elastic materials, especially at uneven substrates.
33
81
10 Waterproofing of parapets
10.4 Installation with VSKA tapes
EVALON® VSKA tapes are membrane tapes with a synthetic rubber coating (butyl) on the
back. The coating is bitumen-free and solvent-free and covered with a protective foil when
delivered. Until installation, the EVALON® VSKA membranes must be stored in a dark place
or covered with tarpaulin. Holes in the lower separation foil must be covered.
Technical data of the coating
Base
bitumen- and solvent-free PSA adhesive
Installation temperature
from +5 °C to +40 °C
Storage
dry, cool, protected against light
Shelf life
min. 12 months
EVALON® VSKA tapes are produced with a non-coated approx. 12 cm wide welding edge
on both sides (tape width 126 cm / 86 cm / 66 cm), or on one side (tape width 63 cm /
43 cm / 33 cm). Thus, a homogeneous welding of the EVALON® VSKA tapes to the roof
sealing and the coated metal sheet angle is guaranteed.
82
10 Waterproofing of parapets
The underside coating of the EVALON® VSKA tapes, in connection with the alwitra primer
SK or SK-L (see chapter 6.4.5), adheres to all standard building substrates at the roof
perimeter or wall flashing area, e. g. timber, concrete, bituminous felt,brick work, zinc and
steel sheets, aluminium or synthetic materials. Depending on the substrate, the coating
may show at the membrane surface.
EVALON® VSKA tapes can be installed at temperatures > +5 °C. Substrates must have a stable, plain surface, they must be dry and free from grease and oil. A bonding facilitator of
alwitra primer SK or SK-L is to be applied onto the substrate (see chapter 6.4.5). The primer
must be completely dry before applying the EVALON® VSKA tapes.
Test bonding is obligatory!
Place the EVALON® VSKA tapes in the correct position. Make sure that the non-coated
welding edge is aligned so as to be homogeneously welded to the roof waterproofing after
applying the tape. Remove the lower protective foil. Slightly press on the tape to remove
any blisters. Then press on thoroughly to ensure reliable adhesive bonding.
Cross joints must be welded over with an unbacked tape. Appropriate measures must
be taken to make the upper end of the EVALON® VSKA tapes rainproof.
83
10 Waterproofing of parapets
10.5 Installation of corner waterproofing
The membranes must be laid so as to have as little covering layers lying on top of each
other as possible at the parapet corners. Membranes laid parallel to the parapet are butt
together at the corner areas or laid around corners. The lap width at the butt joint should
be approx. 10 cm.
If corners are formed with EVALON® preformed details, they are to be welded with handheld hot-air guns.
10.5.1 External corners (parapet / upstand – valley area)
• with EVALON® preformed detail
10.5.2 Internal corner (inner top side of the parapet)
• with EVALON® performed detail
84
10 Waterproofing of parapets
10.5.3 Internal corners
• continuous membrane, folded and welded
• with EVALON® preformed detail
85
11 Flashing to upstands - wall flashing
Flashings to upstands are carried out after laying the field membranes with
• unbacked EVALON® tapes,
• self-adhesive EVALON® VSKA tapes
• bent EVALON® coated metal sheets
11.1 Required flashing height of the roof waterproofing 34
The required flashing height above the roof waterproofing or the surface paving of nonutility or utility roofs respectively (e. g. gravel layer, walkway / driveway paving or
vegetation) is:
≥ 15 cm at a roof slope up to 5° (8.8 %)
≥ 10 cm at a roof slope > 5°
At door areas, it is possible to reduce the flashing height to a minimum of 5 cm, provided
that unimpeded water drainage is ensured.
The corresponding national regulations apply.
34
86
11 Flashing to upstands - wall flashing
11.2 Laying of tapes
Flashing sheets with a length of up to 25 m are laid at the required flashing height along
the upstand and in the valley to the field area and are welded to the roof waterproofing.
Vapour barriers are to be raised to the top edge of the tape.
Unbacked EVALON® tapes can be
• loose laid 35 and continuously pressed
on along the top edge by alwitra wall
flashing profiles or
• fully bonded to the upstands on suitable
substrates (contact bonding alwitra L 40)
and continuously pressed on along the
top edge by alwitra wall flashing profiles.
Unbacked EVALON® tapes are loose laid
• on raised vapour barriers consisting of
synthetic membranes, e. g. PE foils,
• on upstands which are not rigidly con nected to the supporting substrate and
• if line fastening with EVALON® coated
metal sheets is installed in valleys.
With loose laid tapes, slight buckling cannot be excluded.
35
87
11 Flashing to upstands - wall flashing
EVALON® VSKA tapes (see chapter 10.4) are fully bonded to the upstand on suitable
substrates and at the upper edge continuously pressed on by alwitra wall flashing profiles
or other suitable means.
The joint between the upstand and the wall flashing profile should be waterproofed
with a permanently elastic and weatherproof joint sealant, using a suitable primer, if
necessary.
The installation of corner waterproofing is to be made according to chapter 10.5.
11.3 Protection of the tape
On used roofs (roof gardens, terraces, carparks), the roof waterproofing at the skirting must be
protected against mechanical damage, also above the gravel layer, the pavement or road surface.
This can be achieved by the easy-to-install
overhang profile for the alwitra wall flashing profile WA 1 - ÜK or the profile WA 150.
A protection layer consisting of buildingprotection mat 36 or similar must be installed
between the pavement and the roof waterproofing at the upstand.
E. g. “KRAITEC protect” company Kraiburg, Salzwedel, Germany or “Regupol 9510”, BSW, Bad Berleburg, Germany. Disposal
36
of other building-protection mats can possibly lead to slight staining and embossing at the surface of the waterproofing
membranes.
88
11 Flashing to upstands - wall flashing
11.4 Wall flashing with EVALON® coated metal sheet
Flashings to upstands can be carried out at low cost using mechanically fastened EVALON®
coated metal sheets (approx. 20 cm girth, 2 bends), if line fastening is required in the valley
(see chapter 7.1). Also at door areas, the flashing can be carried out best with coated metal
sheets.
The connections at the joints and the
fixings at the upstand must be watertight,
allowing the sheets to expand and contract
without damage.
The fixings, with a spacing of e ≤ 20 cm at
the upstand, must be either self-sealing 37 or
must be covered with a seal-weld EVALON®
tape.
The joint between the upstand and the
coated metal sheet should be sealed with a
permanently elastic and weatherproof joint
sealant, using a suitable primer, if necessary. To do this, the sheets must be bent at
the top edge with a side of at least 10 mm
width.
E. g. self-sealing stainless steel screw-washer-assemblies (“plumber screws”).
37
89
11 Flashing to upstands - wall flashing
11.5 Flashing to firewalls 38
Walls for the separation or segregation of fire sectors (firewalls) must consist of noncombustible building materials (class A). In order to avoid thermal bridges (cooling ribs),
they should be insulated above the roof level with non-combustible building materials.
You must not lay the covering over the crown of the firewall. It is recommended to loose lay
unbacked EVALON® tapes of the required width (height + min. 10 cm) along the firewall and
weld them to mechanically fastened EVALON® coated metal sheets.
The corresponding national regulations apply.
38
90
11 Flashing to upstands - wall flashing
At non-insulated firewalls made of e. g. lightweight concrete or other non-combustible
materials, self-adhesive EVALON® VSKA tapes are fully bonded, fixed at the top edge
against sliding away and made rainproof.
With mechanical fixing, keep the required edge distance, in particular with lightweight
min. 500 acc. to the industrial building guideline
concrete (min. 75 mm).
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12 Waterproofing of expansion joints and connection to other types of roofing
12.1 Waterproofing of expansion joints 39
Waterproofing of type I joints (DIN 18531):
Over the joint, the roof waterproofing can be laid flat in a single ply. The waterproofing over
the joint must be supported by applying suitable measures like support plates so as to
prevent the covering from sinking into the joint gap.
Roof waterproofing made of bonded EVALON® waterproofing membranes may also be
installed flat over joints moving up to 5 mm. At least 0.2 m wide sliding strips must be
placed under the waterproofing.
With loose laid EVALON® waterproofing membranes the roof waterproofing can be installed
over joints with a expansion of up to 10 mm, provided the membranes are supported in the
joint area.
Waterproofing of type II joints (DIN 18531):
Depending on the extent and the frequency of joint expansions, the type of waterproofing is to be decided upon individually, e. g. by installing loops of suitable waterproofing
materials with EVALON® membranes and round profiles (for expansions up to 25 mm
and a joint width up to 30 mm).
Waterproofing of expansion joints with loose laid
Installing loops of suitable sealing materials, with
EVALON® waterproofing membranes
EVALON® membranes and round profile
The corresponding national regulations apply.
39
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12 Waterproofing of expansion joints and connection to other types of roofing
Type II joint waterproofing may be raised
over the waterproofing level, e. g. by placing
wedge-shaped insulation elements or with
cants. Roof areas separated by raised formations must have independent drainage.
If expansion joints in the flashing area to
upstands (e. g. annexes) are inevitable,
appropriate constructive measures like installation of support plates (min. 1.5 mm)
are required.
12.2 Installation of a flashing to roof waterproofing made of different material
Roof waterproofing consisting of EVALON® waterproofing membranes are compatible with
all standard waterproofing materials. It is not possible, however, to ensure permanent
waterproof connection to these materials (except for some liquid plastics 40). Professional
flashings to roof waterproofing which are made of different material can be installed only
along high points of the slope (arris).
nected so as to be water tight should be
raised above the water drainage level by
approx. 15 cm, jointly fastened mechani-
approx. 15 cm
Roof waterproofing which cannot be con-
cally and covered so as to be watertight.
Producers of liquid sealants on request.
40
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
13.1 Flashing of roof edge trim profiles
The flashing of alwitra roof edge trim profiles (T plus / TW 125 plus / TA / TA-4F / TAG /
art-line 1) and other industrially manufactured edge trim profiles is carried out with
unbacked EVALON® tapes (e. g. 25 cm or 33 cm wide).
The tapes are kept in place in the profile
along one edge and seal-welded to the roof
waterproofing at the other edge, with an
overlap.
Tapes at roof trim edges, which are installed
at crescent-shaped roof perimeters, should
be cut to fit the curve.
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
13.2 Flashing of alwitra rainwater outlets, emergency outlets and vents
>> Flashing of alwitra rainwater / emergency outlets
Flashing of alwitra rainwater outlets, emergency outlets and extension pieces is carried out
with a custom-fit unbacked EVALON® connecting flange. The connecting flange is fastened
to the drainage element using the corresponding screw ring. Therefore, check integrity and
correct position of the oval gasket below the screw ring and, prior to installing the connecting
flange, apply a thin film of lubricant to the gasket including the adjacent waterproofing
surfaces at the flange.
Prior to finally tightening the screw ring, apply a continuous bead of EVALON® liquid
between the screw ring and the connecting flange. When tightening the screw ring by hand
with the alwitra screwing aid, a small amount of EVALON® liquid must ooze out evenly all
around the flange. Then the connecting flange is seal-welded along the outer edge to the
fixed roof waterproofing 41.
Position stability of integrated details must be secured.
41
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
>> Flashing of alwitra vents
For easy and reliable flashing to the roof sealing, alwitra vent stacks and alwitra cold
roof vents are equipped with a factory-fitted EVALON® flashing strip. The factory-fitted
connecting flange is to be seal-welded along its outer edge to the fixed roof waterproofing.
After fastening the alwitra refurbishment vent to the supporting construction, the ringshaped unbacked EVALON® connecting flange, which fits the corresponding vent type,
is seal-welded along the inner edge to the foamed-in EVALON® flashing strip of the
alwitra refurbishment vent, and along the outer edge to the fixed roof waterproofing.
alwitra vent stack (2 parts)
96
alwitra refurbishment vent
alwitra cold roof vent
13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
13.3 Flashing of roof penetrations with EVALON® sleeves
Flashing of roof penetrations to the roof waterproofing (e. g. cable or lightning conductor
inlets, safety barriers and other round penetrations) is carried out with preformed EVALON®
sleeves.
Place the EVALON® sleeves on the roof penetration so that the collar will bear on the
EVALON® waterproofing membrane. Then, homogeneously weld the collar with hot air at a
width of at least 2 cm around the outer edge to the roof waterproofing.
Put a heat shrink sleeve approx. 5 cm on the preformed detail (EVALON® sleeve) and heat it
with hot air until it solidly seats / adheres to the integrated detail and the preformed detail.
Penetration diameters
Penetration diameters
Ø 50 mm, Ø 80 mm, Ø 110 mm
Ø 18 mm, Ø 26 mm
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
At roof penetrations with a diameter of
approx. 8 - 10 mm (e. g. lightning conductor),
prior to placing the heat shrink sleeve, the
spacer (included with the parts for sleeves
Ø 18 mm) must be installed between the
roof penetration and the preformed detail
according to the illustration.
Penetration diameters Ø 8 - 10 mm
13.4 Flashing of roof penetrations with cut-to-size sleeve from unbacked
EVALON® material, 1.5 mm thick
Homogeneously weld the collar at a width of min. 2 cm all around the outer edge to
the roof waterproofing, install a stainless steel pipe clamp on the sleeve to make it
rainproof.
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
13.5 Flashing of kerbs of alwitra rooflights and smoke and heat vents
>> Kerbs with collar
In the case of kerbs with a factory-equipped
EVALON® collar, the collar is directly welded
to the roof waterproofing after installing the
kerbs.
>> Kerbs without collar
The kerbs have to be sealed to the upper
edge e. g. with self-adhesive EVALON® VSKA
tapes, incl. necessary forming of corners with
cut-to-size EVALON® tapes or preformed
corners. The flashing sheets are to be
Sealing of kerb 1600
welded to the roof waterproofing.
At the upper edge the flashing must be
fixed against sliding away and covered to
make it rainproof.
>> Flashing of other rooflights and natural
smoke vents made of PVC
Flashing can also be carried out by welding
a sufficiently wide EVALON® tape directly
to the horizontal flange of the kerb. Any
standard hot air gun with an angled
nozzle (e. g. 40 mm) producing hot air with
Sealing of kerb 3020
a welding temperature of approx. 500 °C will be suitable. While welding be sure not to
damage the kerb.
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
>> Flashing of other rooflights and smoke
and heat vents (not made of PVC)
Other kerbs, if not made of PVC, must be
coated up to the dome around the circumference with self-adhesive EVALON® VSKA
tapes (bonded), fixed on the top edge
against sliding away and covered to make
them rainproof.
13.6 Flashing of arcade rooflights to
the roof waterproofing
Flashings of arcade rooflights are either carried out like wall flashings (see chapter 11), or
unbacked EVALON® tapes or self-adhesive
EVALON® VSKA tapes are integrated into the
arcade rooflights structure 42.
To be confirmed with the manufacturer of the arcade rooflights.
42
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13 Flashing of edge trim profiles and integrated details
13.7 Gravel stop made of EVALON® coated aluminium sheets
At roof slopes > 3° to ≤ 5°, first an unbacked EVALON® tape (> 16 cm) is welded over the
whole length to the centre of the underneath of the non-perforated, 8 cm wide flange of the
gravel stop profile. The edges of this tape are then welded at the required width, along the
trough, to the mechanically fastened drip edge made of EVALON® coated metal sheet, and
to the roof waterproofing.
At roof slopes < 3° the gravel stop profile is fixed onto the EVALON ® membrane roof
waterproofing with EVALON® liquid.
In order to prevent shear forces, the gravel stop profile must be installed over a mechanically
fastened drip edge profile made of EVALON® coated metal sheet.
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14 Securing the position of lightning conductor holders
Synthetic waterproofing membranes have a very smooth surface, so that holders must be
secured against sliding away or shifting
• on roof slopes of approx. 5 % and more or
• if the membranes are loose laid and mechanically fastened.
The following methods for securing are
available
• welding to the roof sealing, provided the
holder material 43 can be welded to
EVALON®, or
• EVALON® tapes, with rounded off corners,
arranged in direction of the slope which
are conducted through the holder 44 and
welded at their ends to the roof water proofing with an overlap.
On mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes, the lightning conductor holders are
placed directly next to the membrane fasteners.
E. g. from b/s/t in 83256 Rimsting/Chiemsee, Germany.
43
E. g. “type KF” from DEHN + SÖHNE in 92306 Neumarkt/Opf., Germany
44
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15 Forming of EVALON® coated metal sheets
EVALON® coated metal sheets:
• steel sheets, 0.6 mm thick, galvanised
• coated with a light-grey protective lacquer (10 μm thick) on the back side
• laminated on the top side with 0.6 mm EVALON®
• sheets (1 m x 2 m) or coils (1 m x 30 m)
• overall thickness 1.2 mm
Coated stainless steel sheets:
• stainless steel sheets, 0.6 mm thick,
• laminated on the top side with 0.6 mm EVALON®
• sheets (1 m x 2 m)
• overall thickness 1.2 mm
Coated metal sheets are packed in the factory and transported on pallets. They must be
stored horizontally on a dry and plain area.
The forming (cutting, bending) of coated metal sheets should be done at room temperature
(approx. 18 °C).
15.1 Cutting
The coated metal sheets should be cut with
0.03 - 0.04 mm
sharp tools with the protective lacquer
coating up. This makes a deburring of the
sheets unnecessary. The cutting clearance
should be 0.03 mm to 0.04 mm.
protective lacquer
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15 Forming of EVALON® coated metal sheets
15.2 Bending
EVALON® coated metal sheets can be bent on any standard bending machine. The bending
radius should be 1.2 mm - 1.8 mm.
Attention! Ensure that the EVALON® coating is in the correct position.
Coated metal angles for valleys are to be bent with an angle which is approx. 10° - 15°
wider than the required angle. This will guarantee that the coated metal angles will fit
closely to the substrate when fastened.
With coated metal strips the same effect will be reached by reverse bending.
104
Notes
105
alwitra GmbH & Co.
PO Box 3950 . D-54229 Trier · Germany
Phone: +49 651 9102-0 · Fax: +49 651 9102-248
[email protected] . www.alwitra.de
04/2015
Member of
Technical changes reserved
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